zsms.c revision 1.10.10.1 1 1.10.10.1 yamt /* $NetBSD: zsms.c,v 1.10.10.1 2005/02/12 18:17:51 yamt Exp $ */
2 1.1 nisimura
3 1.1 nisimura /*
4 1.1 nisimura * Copyright (c) 1992, 1993
5 1.1 nisimura * The Regents of the University of California. All rights reserved.
6 1.1 nisimura *
7 1.1 nisimura * This software was developed by the Computer Systems Engineering group
8 1.1 nisimura * at Lawrence Berkeley Laboratory under DARPA contract BG 91-66 and
9 1.1 nisimura * contributed to Berkeley.
10 1.1 nisimura *
11 1.1 nisimura * All advertising materials mentioning features or use of this software
12 1.1 nisimura * must display the following acknowledgement:
13 1.1 nisimura * This product includes software developed by the University of
14 1.1 nisimura * California, Lawrence Berkeley Laboratory.
15 1.1 nisimura *
16 1.1 nisimura * Redistribution and use in source and binary forms, with or without
17 1.1 nisimura * modification, are permitted provided that the following conditions
18 1.1 nisimura * are met:
19 1.1 nisimura * 1. Redistributions of source code must retain the above copyright
20 1.1 nisimura * notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer.
21 1.1 nisimura * 2. Redistributions in binary form must reproduce the above copyright
22 1.1 nisimura * notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer in the
23 1.1 nisimura * documentation and/or other materials provided with the distribution.
24 1.10 agc * 3. Neither the name of the University nor the names of its contributors
25 1.1 nisimura * may be used to endorse or promote products derived from this software
26 1.1 nisimura * without specific prior written permission.
27 1.1 nisimura *
28 1.1 nisimura * THIS SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED BY THE REGENTS AND CONTRIBUTORS ``AS IS'' AND
29 1.1 nisimura * ANY EXPRESS OR IMPLIED WARRANTIES, INCLUDING, BUT NOT LIMITED TO, THE
30 1.1 nisimura * IMPLIED WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY AND FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE
31 1.1 nisimura * ARE DISCLAIMED. IN NO EVENT SHALL THE REGENTS OR CONTRIBUTORS BE LIABLE
32 1.1 nisimura * FOR ANY DIRECT, INDIRECT, INCIDENTAL, SPECIAL, EXEMPLARY, OR CONSEQUENTIAL
33 1.1 nisimura * DAMAGES (INCLUDING, BUT NOT LIMITED TO, PROCUREMENT OF SUBSTITUTE GOODS
34 1.1 nisimura * OR SERVICES; LOSS OF USE, DATA, OR PROFITS; OR BUSINESS INTERRUPTION)
35 1.1 nisimura * HOWEVER CAUSED AND ON ANY THEORY OF LIABILITY, WHETHER IN CONTRACT, STRICT
36 1.1 nisimura * LIABILITY, OR TORT (INCLUDING NEGLIGENCE OR OTHERWISE) ARISING IN ANY WAY
37 1.1 nisimura * OUT OF THE USE OF THIS SOFTWARE, EVEN IF ADVISED OF THE POSSIBILITY OF
38 1.1 nisimura * SUCH DAMAGE.
39 1.1 nisimura *
40 1.1 nisimura * @(#)ms.c 8.1 (Berkeley) 6/11/93
41 1.1 nisimura */
42 1.1 nisimura
43 1.1 nisimura /*
44 1.1 nisimura * VSXXX mice attached with channel A of the 1st SCC
45 1.1 nisimura */
46 1.4 lukem
47 1.4 lukem #include <sys/cdefs.h>
48 1.10.10.1 yamt __KERNEL_RCSID(0, "$NetBSD: zsms.c,v 1.10.10.1 2005/02/12 18:17:51 yamt Exp $");
49 1.1 nisimura
50 1.1 nisimura #include <sys/param.h>
51 1.1 nisimura #include <sys/systm.h>
52 1.1 nisimura #include <sys/device.h>
53 1.1 nisimura #include <sys/ioctl.h>
54 1.1 nisimura #include <sys/syslog.h>
55 1.2 nisimura #include <sys/kernel.h>
56 1.2 nisimura #include <sys/proc.h>
57 1.2 nisimura #include <sys/tty.h>
58 1.1 nisimura
59 1.1 nisimura #include <dev/ic/z8530reg.h>
60 1.1 nisimura #include <machine/z8530var.h>
61 1.1 nisimura
62 1.1 nisimura #include <dev/dec/lk201.h>
63 1.1 nisimura
64 1.1 nisimura #include <dev/wscons/wsconsio.h>
65 1.1 nisimura #include <dev/wscons/wsmousevar.h>
66 1.1 nisimura
67 1.1 nisimura #include "locators.h"
68 1.1 nisimura
69 1.1 nisimura /*
70 1.1 nisimura * How many input characters we can buffer.
71 1.1 nisimura * The port-specific var.h may override this.
72 1.1 nisimura * Note: must be a power of two!
73 1.1 nisimura */
74 1.1 nisimura #define ZSMS_RX_RING_SIZE 256
75 1.1 nisimura #define ZSMS_RX_RING_MASK (ZSMS_RX_RING_SIZE-1)
76 1.1 nisimura /*
77 1.1 nisimura * Output buffer. Only need a few chars.
78 1.1 nisimura */
79 1.1 nisimura #define ZSMS_TX_RING_SIZE 16
80 1.1 nisimura #define ZSMS_TX_RING_MASK (ZSMS_TX_RING_SIZE-1)
81 1.1 nisimura
82 1.1 nisimura #define ZSMS_BPS 4800
83 1.1 nisimura
84 1.1 nisimura struct zsms_softc { /* driver status information */
85 1.1 nisimura struct device zsms_dev; /* required first: base device */
86 1.1 nisimura struct zs_chanstate *zsms_cs;
87 1.1 nisimura
88 1.1 nisimura /* Flags to communicate with zsms_softintr() */
89 1.1 nisimura volatile int zsms_intr_flags;
90 1.1 nisimura #define INTR_RX_OVERRUN 1
91 1.1 nisimura #define INTR_TX_EMPTY 2
92 1.1 nisimura #define INTR_ST_CHECK 4
93 1.1 nisimura
94 1.1 nisimura /*
95 1.1 nisimura * The receive ring buffer.
96 1.1 nisimura */
97 1.1 nisimura u_int zsms_rbget; /* ring buffer `get' index */
98 1.1 nisimura volatile u_int zsms_rbput; /* ring buffer `put' index */
99 1.1 nisimura u_short zsms_rbuf[ZSMS_RX_RING_SIZE]; /* rr1, data pairs */
100 1.1 nisimura
101 1.1 nisimura int sc_enabled; /* input enabled? */
102 1.2 nisimura int sc_selftest; /* self test in progress */
103 1.1 nisimura
104 1.1 nisimura int inputstate;
105 1.1 nisimura u_int buttons;
106 1.3 nisimura int dx, dy;
107 1.1 nisimura
108 1.1 nisimura struct device *sc_wsmousedev;
109 1.1 nisimura };
110 1.1 nisimura
111 1.1 nisimura struct zsops zsops_zsms;
112 1.1 nisimura
113 1.10.10.1 yamt static int zsms_match(struct device *, struct cfdata *, void *);
114 1.10.10.1 yamt static void zsms_attach(struct device *, struct device *, void *);
115 1.10.10.1 yamt static void zsms_input(void *, int);
116 1.1 nisimura
117 1.8 thorpej CFATTACH_DECL(zsms, sizeof(struct zsms_softc),
118 1.9 thorpej zsms_match, zsms_attach, NULL, NULL);
119 1.1 nisimura
120 1.10.10.1 yamt static int zsms_enable(void *);
121 1.10.10.1 yamt static int zsms_ioctl(void *, u_long, caddr_t, int, struct proc *);
122 1.10.10.1 yamt static void zsms_disable(void *);
123 1.1 nisimura
124 1.1 nisimura const struct wsmouse_accessops zsms_accessops = {
125 1.1 nisimura zsms_enable,
126 1.1 nisimura zsms_ioctl,
127 1.1 nisimura zsms_disable,
128 1.1 nisimura };
129 1.1 nisimura
130 1.1 nisimura static int
131 1.1 nisimura zsms_match(parent, cf, aux)
132 1.1 nisimura struct device *parent;
133 1.1 nisimura struct cfdata *cf;
134 1.1 nisimura void *aux;
135 1.1 nisimura {
136 1.1 nisimura struct zsc_attach_args *args = aux;
137 1.1 nisimura
138 1.1 nisimura /* Exact match is better than wildcard. */
139 1.1 nisimura if (cf->cf_loc[ZSCCF_CHANNEL] == args->channel)
140 1.1 nisimura return 2;
141 1.1 nisimura
142 1.1 nisimura /* This driver accepts wildcard. */
143 1.1 nisimura if (cf->cf_loc[ZSCCF_CHANNEL] == ZSCCF_CHANNEL_DEFAULT)
144 1.1 nisimura return 1;
145 1.1 nisimura
146 1.1 nisimura return 0;
147 1.1 nisimura }
148 1.1 nisimura
149 1.1 nisimura static void
150 1.1 nisimura zsms_attach(parent, self, aux)
151 1.1 nisimura struct device *parent, *self;
152 1.1 nisimura void *aux;
153 1.1 nisimura {
154 1.1 nisimura struct zsc_softc *zsc = (void *)parent;
155 1.1 nisimura struct zsms_softc *zsms = (void *)self;
156 1.1 nisimura struct zsc_attach_args *args = aux;
157 1.1 nisimura struct zs_chanstate *cs;
158 1.1 nisimura struct wsmousedev_attach_args a;
159 1.1 nisimura int s;
160 1.1 nisimura
161 1.1 nisimura cs = zsc->zsc_cs[args->channel];
162 1.1 nisimura cs->cs_private = zsms;
163 1.1 nisimura cs->cs_ops = &zsops_zsms;
164 1.1 nisimura zsms->zsms_cs = cs;
165 1.1 nisimura
166 1.1 nisimura printf("\n");
167 1.1 nisimura
168 1.1 nisimura /* Initialize the speed, etc. */
169 1.1 nisimura s = splzs();
170 1.1 nisimura /* May need reset... */
171 1.1 nisimura zs_write_reg(cs, 9, ZSWR9_A_RESET);
172 1.1 nisimura /* These are OK as set by zscc: WR3, WR5 */
173 1.1 nisimura /* We don't care about status or tx interrupts. */
174 1.1 nisimura cs->cs_preg[1] = ZSWR1_RIE;
175 1.1 nisimura (void) zs_set_speed(cs, ZSMS_BPS);
176 1.1 nisimura
177 1.1 nisimura /* mouse wants odd parity */
178 1.1 nisimura cs->cs_preg[4] |= ZSWR4_PARENB;
179 1.1 nisimura /* cs->cs_preg[4] &= ~ZSWR4_EVENP; (no-op) */
180 1.1 nisimura
181 1.1 nisimura zs_loadchannelregs(cs);
182 1.1 nisimura splx(s);
183 1.1 nisimura
184 1.1 nisimura a.accessops = &zsms_accessops;
185 1.1 nisimura a.accesscookie = zsms;
186 1.1 nisimura
187 1.1 nisimura zsms->sc_enabled = 0;
188 1.2 nisimura zsms->sc_selftest = 0;
189 1.1 nisimura zsms->sc_wsmousedev = config_found(self, &a, wsmousedevprint);
190 1.1 nisimura }
191 1.1 nisimura
192 1.1 nisimura static int
193 1.1 nisimura zsms_enable(v)
194 1.1 nisimura void *v;
195 1.1 nisimura {
196 1.1 nisimura struct zsms_softc *sc = v;
197 1.1 nisimura
198 1.1 nisimura if (sc->sc_enabled)
199 1.1 nisimura return EBUSY;
200 1.1 nisimura
201 1.2 nisimura sc->sc_selftest = 4; /* wait for 4 byte reply upto 1/2 sec */
202 1.2 nisimura zs_write_data(sc->zsms_cs, MOUSE_SELF_TEST);
203 1.2 nisimura (void)tsleep(zsms_enable, TTIPRI, "zsmsopen", hz / 2);
204 1.2 nisimura if (sc->sc_selftest != 0) {
205 1.2 nisimura sc->sc_selftest = 0;
206 1.2 nisimura return ENXIO;
207 1.1 nisimura }
208 1.2 nisimura /* XXX DELAY before mode set? */
209 1.2 nisimura zs_write_data(sc->zsms_cs, MOUSE_INCREMENTAL);
210 1.2 nisimura sc->sc_enabled = 1;
211 1.1 nisimura sc->inputstate = 0;
212 1.1 nisimura return 0;
213 1.1 nisimura }
214 1.1 nisimura
215 1.1 nisimura static void
216 1.1 nisimura zsms_disable(v)
217 1.1 nisimura void *v;
218 1.1 nisimura {
219 1.1 nisimura struct zsms_softc *sc = v;
220 1.1 nisimura
221 1.1 nisimura sc->sc_enabled = 0;
222 1.1 nisimura }
223 1.1 nisimura
224 1.1 nisimura static int
225 1.1 nisimura zsms_ioctl(v, cmd, data, flag, p)
226 1.1 nisimura void *v;
227 1.1 nisimura u_long cmd;
228 1.1 nisimura caddr_t data;
229 1.1 nisimura int flag;
230 1.1 nisimura struct proc *p;
231 1.1 nisimura {
232 1.2 nisimura
233 1.1 nisimura if (cmd == WSMOUSEIO_GTYPE) {
234 1.1 nisimura *(u_int *)data = WSMOUSE_TYPE_VSXXX;
235 1.1 nisimura return 0;
236 1.1 nisimura }
237 1.5 atatat return EPASSTHROUGH;
238 1.6 ad }
239 1.1 nisimura
240 1.1 nisimura static void
241 1.1 nisimura zsms_input(vsc, data)
242 1.1 nisimura void *vsc;
243 1.1 nisimura int data;
244 1.1 nisimura {
245 1.1 nisimura struct zsms_softc *sc = vsc;
246 1.1 nisimura
247 1.2 nisimura if (sc->sc_enabled == 0) {
248 1.2 nisimura if (sc->sc_selftest > 0) {
249 1.2 nisimura sc->sc_selftest -= 1;
250 1.2 nisimura if (sc->sc_selftest == 0)
251 1.2 nisimura wakeup(zsms_enable);
252 1.1 nisimura }
253 1.1 nisimura return;
254 1.1 nisimura }
255 1.1 nisimura
256 1.1 nisimura if ((data & MOUSE_START_FRAME) != 0)
257 1.1 nisimura sc->inputstate = 1;
258 1.1 nisimura else
259 1.1 nisimura sc->inputstate++;
260 1.1 nisimura
261 1.1 nisimura if (sc->inputstate == 1) {
262 1.3 nisimura /* LMR -> RML: wsevents counts 0 for the left-most */
263 1.3 nisimura sc->buttons = data & 02;
264 1.3 nisimura if (data & 01)
265 1.3 nisimura sc->buttons |= 04;
266 1.3 nisimura if (data & 04)
267 1.3 nisimura sc->buttons |= 01;
268 1.1 nisimura sc->dx = data & MOUSE_X_SIGN;
269 1.1 nisimura sc->dy = data & MOUSE_Y_SIGN;
270 1.1 nisimura } else if (sc->inputstate == 2) {
271 1.1 nisimura if (sc->dx == 0)
272 1.1 nisimura sc->dx = -data;
273 1.1 nisimura else
274 1.1 nisimura sc->dx = data;
275 1.1 nisimura } else if (sc->inputstate == 3) {
276 1.1 nisimura sc->inputstate = 0;
277 1.1 nisimura if (sc->dy == 0)
278 1.1 nisimura sc->dy = -data;
279 1.1 nisimura else
280 1.1 nisimura sc->dy = data;
281 1.1 nisimura wsmouse_input(sc->sc_wsmousedev, sc->buttons,
282 1.1 nisimura sc->dx, sc->dy, 0, WSMOUSE_INPUT_DELTA);
283 1.1 nisimura }
284 1.1 nisimura
285 1.1 nisimura return;
286 1.1 nisimura }
287 1.1 nisimura
288 1.1 nisimura /****************************************************************
289 1.1 nisimura * Interface to the lower layer (zscc)
290 1.1 nisimura ****************************************************************/
291 1.1 nisimura
292 1.10.10.1 yamt static void zsms_rxint(struct zs_chanstate *);
293 1.10.10.1 yamt static void zsms_stint(struct zs_chanstate *, int);
294 1.10.10.1 yamt static void zsms_txint(struct zs_chanstate *);
295 1.10.10.1 yamt static void zsms_softint(struct zs_chanstate *);
296 1.1 nisimura
297 1.1 nisimura static void
298 1.1 nisimura zsms_rxint(cs)
299 1.1 nisimura struct zs_chanstate *cs;
300 1.1 nisimura {
301 1.1 nisimura struct zsms_softc *zsms;
302 1.1 nisimura int put, put_next;
303 1.1 nisimura u_char c, rr1;
304 1.1 nisimura
305 1.1 nisimura zsms = cs->cs_private;
306 1.1 nisimura put = zsms->zsms_rbput;
307 1.1 nisimura
308 1.1 nisimura /*
309 1.1 nisimura * First read the status, because reading the received char
310 1.1 nisimura * destroys the status of this char.
311 1.1 nisimura */
312 1.1 nisimura rr1 = zs_read_reg(cs, 1);
313 1.1 nisimura c = zs_read_data(cs);
314 1.1 nisimura if (rr1 & (ZSRR1_FE | ZSRR1_DO | ZSRR1_PE)) {
315 1.1 nisimura /* Clear the receive error. */
316 1.1 nisimura zs_write_csr(cs, ZSWR0_RESET_ERRORS);
317 1.1 nisimura }
318 1.1 nisimura
319 1.1 nisimura zsms->zsms_rbuf[put] = (c << 8) | rr1;
320 1.1 nisimura put_next = (put + 1) & ZSMS_RX_RING_MASK;
321 1.1 nisimura
322 1.1 nisimura /* Would overrun if increment makes (put==get). */
323 1.1 nisimura if (put_next == zsms->zsms_rbget) {
324 1.1 nisimura zsms->zsms_intr_flags |= INTR_RX_OVERRUN;
325 1.1 nisimura } else {
326 1.1 nisimura /* OK, really increment. */
327 1.1 nisimura put = put_next;
328 1.1 nisimura }
329 1.1 nisimura
330 1.1 nisimura /* Done reading. */
331 1.1 nisimura zsms->zsms_rbput = put;
332 1.1 nisimura
333 1.1 nisimura /* Ask for softint() call. */
334 1.1 nisimura cs->cs_softreq = 1;
335 1.1 nisimura }
336 1.1 nisimura
337 1.1 nisimura
338 1.1 nisimura static void
339 1.1 nisimura zsms_txint(cs)
340 1.1 nisimura struct zs_chanstate *cs;
341 1.1 nisimura {
342 1.1 nisimura struct zsms_softc *zsms;
343 1.1 nisimura
344 1.1 nisimura zsms = cs->cs_private;
345 1.1 nisimura zs_write_csr(cs, ZSWR0_RESET_TXINT);
346 1.1 nisimura zsms->zsms_intr_flags |= INTR_TX_EMPTY;
347 1.1 nisimura /* Ask for softint() call. */
348 1.1 nisimura cs->cs_softreq = 1;
349 1.1 nisimura }
350 1.1 nisimura
351 1.1 nisimura
352 1.1 nisimura static void
353 1.1 nisimura zsms_stint(cs, force)
354 1.1 nisimura struct zs_chanstate *cs;
355 1.1 nisimura int force;
356 1.1 nisimura {
357 1.1 nisimura struct zsms_softc *zsms;
358 1.1 nisimura int rr0;
359 1.1 nisimura
360 1.1 nisimura zsms = cs->cs_private;
361 1.1 nisimura
362 1.1 nisimura rr0 = zs_read_csr(cs);
363 1.1 nisimura zs_write_csr(cs, ZSWR0_RESET_STATUS);
364 1.1 nisimura
365 1.1 nisimura /*
366 1.1 nisimura * We have to accumulate status line changes here.
367 1.1 nisimura * Otherwise, if we get multiple status interrupts
368 1.1 nisimura * before the softint runs, we could fail to notice
369 1.1 nisimura * some status line changes in the softint routine.
370 1.1 nisimura * Fix from Bill Studenmund, October 1996.
371 1.1 nisimura */
372 1.1 nisimura cs->cs_rr0_delta |= (cs->cs_rr0 ^ rr0);
373 1.1 nisimura cs->cs_rr0 = rr0;
374 1.1 nisimura zsms->zsms_intr_flags |= INTR_ST_CHECK;
375 1.1 nisimura
376 1.1 nisimura /* Ask for softint() call. */
377 1.1 nisimura cs->cs_softreq = 1;
378 1.1 nisimura }
379 1.1 nisimura
380 1.1 nisimura
381 1.1 nisimura static void
382 1.1 nisimura zsms_softint(cs)
383 1.1 nisimura struct zs_chanstate *cs;
384 1.1 nisimura {
385 1.1 nisimura struct zsms_softc *zsms;
386 1.1 nisimura int get, c, s;
387 1.1 nisimura int intr_flags;
388 1.1 nisimura u_short ring_data;
389 1.1 nisimura
390 1.1 nisimura zsms = cs->cs_private;
391 1.1 nisimura
392 1.1 nisimura /* Atomically get and clear flags. */
393 1.1 nisimura s = splzs();
394 1.1 nisimura intr_flags = zsms->zsms_intr_flags;
395 1.1 nisimura zsms->zsms_intr_flags = 0;
396 1.1 nisimura
397 1.1 nisimura /* Now lower to spltty for the rest. */
398 1.1 nisimura (void) spltty();
399 1.1 nisimura
400 1.1 nisimura /*
401 1.1 nisimura * Copy data from the receive ring to the event layer.
402 1.1 nisimura */
403 1.1 nisimura get = zsms->zsms_rbget;
404 1.1 nisimura while (get != zsms->zsms_rbput) {
405 1.1 nisimura ring_data = zsms->zsms_rbuf[get];
406 1.1 nisimura get = (get + 1) & ZSMS_RX_RING_MASK;
407 1.1 nisimura
408 1.1 nisimura /* low byte of ring_data is rr1 */
409 1.1 nisimura c = (ring_data >> 8) & 0xff;
410 1.1 nisimura
411 1.1 nisimura if (ring_data & ZSRR1_DO)
412 1.1 nisimura intr_flags |= INTR_RX_OVERRUN;
413 1.1 nisimura if (ring_data & (ZSRR1_FE | ZSRR1_PE)) {
414 1.1 nisimura log(LOG_ERR, "%s: input error (0x%x)\n",
415 1.1 nisimura zsms->zsms_dev.dv_xname, ring_data);
416 1.1 nisimura c = -1; /* signal input error */
417 1.1 nisimura }
418 1.1 nisimura
419 1.1 nisimura /* Pass this up to the "middle" layer. */
420 1.1 nisimura zsms_input(zsms, c);
421 1.1 nisimura }
422 1.1 nisimura if (intr_flags & INTR_RX_OVERRUN) {
423 1.1 nisimura log(LOG_ERR, "%s: input overrun\n",
424 1.1 nisimura zsms->zsms_dev.dv_xname);
425 1.1 nisimura }
426 1.1 nisimura zsms->zsms_rbget = get;
427 1.1 nisimura
428 1.1 nisimura if (intr_flags & INTR_TX_EMPTY) {
429 1.1 nisimura /*
430 1.1 nisimura * Transmit done. (Not expected.)
431 1.1 nisimura */
432 1.1 nisimura log(LOG_ERR, "%s: transmit interrupt?\n",
433 1.1 nisimura zsms->zsms_dev.dv_xname);
434 1.1 nisimura }
435 1.1 nisimura
436 1.1 nisimura if (intr_flags & INTR_ST_CHECK) {
437 1.1 nisimura /*
438 1.1 nisimura * Status line change. (Not expected.)
439 1.1 nisimura */
440 1.1 nisimura log(LOG_ERR, "%s: status interrupt?\n",
441 1.1 nisimura zsms->zsms_dev.dv_xname);
442 1.1 nisimura cs->cs_rr0_delta = 0;
443 1.1 nisimura }
444 1.1 nisimura
445 1.1 nisimura splx(s);
446 1.1 nisimura }
447 1.1 nisimura
448 1.1 nisimura struct zsops zsops_zsms = {
449 1.1 nisimura zsms_rxint, /* receive char available */
450 1.1 nisimura zsms_stint, /* external/status */
451 1.1 nisimura zsms_txint, /* xmit buffer empty */
452 1.1 nisimura zsms_softint, /* process software interrupt */
453 1.1 nisimura };
454