xref: /src/sys/fs/hfs/libhfs.c

/*	$NetBSD: libhfs.c,v 1.19 2023/08/11 05:51:34 mrg Exp $	*/

/*-
 * Copyright (c) 2005, 2007 The NetBSD Foundation, Inc.
 * All rights reserved.
 *
 * This code is derived from software contributed to The NetBSD Foundation
 * by Yevgeny Binder, Dieter Baron, and Pelle Johansson.
 *
 * Redistribution and use in source and binary forms, with or without
 * modification, are permitted provided that the following conditions
 * are met:
 * 1. Redistributions of source code must retain the above copyright
 *    notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer.
 * 2. Redistributions in binary form must reproduce the above copyright
 *    notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer in the
 *    documentation and/or other materials provided with the distribution.
 *
 * THIS SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED BY THE NETBSD FOUNDATION, INC. AND CONTRIBUTORS
 * ``AS IS'' AND ANY EXPRESS OR IMPLIED WARRANTIES, INCLUDING, BUT NOT LIMITED
 * TO, THE IMPLIED WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY AND FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR
 * PURPOSE ARE DISCLAIMED.  IN NO EVENT SHALL THE FOUNDATION OR CONTRIBUTORS
 * BE LIABLE FOR ANY DIRECT, INDIRECT, INCIDENTAL, SPECIAL, EXEMPLARY, OR
 * CONSEQUENTIAL DAMAGES (INCLUDING, BUT NOT LIMITED TO, PROCUREMENT OF
 * SUBSTITUTE GOODS OR SERVICES; LOSS OF USE, DATA, OR PROFITS; OR BUSINESS
 * INTERRUPTION) HOWEVER CAUSED AND ON ANY THEORY OF LIABILITY, WHETHER IN
 * CONTRACT, STRICT LIABILITY, OR TORT (INCLUDING NEGLIGENCE OR OTHERWISE)
 * ARISING IN ANY WAY OUT OF THE USE OF THIS SOFTWARE, EVEN IF ADVISED OF THE
 * POSSIBILITY OF SUCH DAMAGE.
 */

/*
 *  All functions and variable types have the prefix "hfs_". All constants
 *  have the prefix "HFS_".
 *
 *  Naming convention for functions which read/write raw, linear data
 *	into/from a structured form:
 *
 *  hfs_read/write[d][a]_foo_bar
 *      [d] - read/write from/to [d]isk instead of a memory buffer
 *      [a] - [a]llocate output buffer instead of using an existing one
 *            (not applicable for writing functions)
 *
 *  Most functions do not have either of these options, so they will read from
 *	or write to a memory buffer, which has been previously allocated by the
 *	caller.
 */

#include <sys/cdefs.h>
__KERNEL_RCSID(0, "$NetBSD: libhfs.c,v 1.19 2023/08/11 05:51:34 mrg Exp $");

#include "libhfs.h"

/* global private file/folder keys */
hfs_catalog_key_t hfs_gMetadataDirectoryKey; /* contains HFS+ inodes */
hfs_catalog_key_t hfs_gJournalInfoBlockFileKey;
hfs_catalog_key_t hfs_gJournalBufferFileKey;
hfs_catalog_key_t* hfs_gPrivateObjectKeys[4] = {
	&hfs_gMetadataDirectoryKey,
	&hfs_gJournalInfoBlockFileKey,
	&hfs_gJournalBufferFileKey,
	NULL
};


extern uint16_t be16tohp(void** inout_ptr);
extern uint32_t be32tohp(void** inout_ptr);
extern uint64_t be64tohp(void** inout_ptr);

hfs_callbacks	hfs_gcb;	/* global callbacks */

/*
 * global case folding table
 * (lazily initialized; see comments at bottom of hfs_open_volume())
 */
unichar_t* hfs_gcft;


int hfslib_create_casefolding_table(void);

#ifdef DLO_DEBUG
#include <stdio.h>
void
dlo_print_key(hfs_catalog_key_t *key)
{
	int i;

	printf("%ld:[", (long)key->parent_cnid);
	for (i=0; i<key->name.length; i++) {
		if (key->name.unicode[i] < 256
		    && isprint(key->name.unicode[i]))
			putchar(key->name.unicode[i]);
		else
			printf("<%04x>", key->name.unicode[i]);
	}
	printf("]");
}
#endif

void
hfslib_init(hfs_callbacks* in_callbacks)
{
	unichar_t	temp[256];

	if (in_callbacks != NULL)
		memcpy(&hfs_gcb, in_callbacks, sizeof(hfs_callbacks));

	hfs_gcft = NULL;

	/*
	 * Create keys for the HFS+ "private" files so we can reuse them whenever
	 * we perform a user-visible operation, such as listing directory contents.
	 */

#define ATOU(str, len) /* quick & dirty ascii-to-unicode conversion */ \
	do{ int i; for(i=0; i<len; i++) temp[i]=str[i]; } \
	while( /*CONSTCOND*/ 0)

	ATOU("\0\0\0\0HFS+ Private Data", 21);
	hfslib_make_catalog_key(HFS_CNID_ROOT_FOLDER, 21, temp,
		&hfs_gMetadataDirectoryKey);

	ATOU(".journal_info_block", 19);
	hfslib_make_catalog_key(HFS_CNID_ROOT_FOLDER, 19, temp,
		&hfs_gJournalInfoBlockFileKey);

	ATOU(".journal", 8);
	hfslib_make_catalog_key(HFS_CNID_ROOT_FOLDER, 8, temp,
		&hfs_gJournalBufferFileKey);

#undef ATOU
}

void
hfslib_done(void)
{
	hfs_callback_args	cbargs;

	if (hfs_gcft != NULL) {
		hfslib_init_cbargs(&cbargs);
		hfslib_free(hfs_gcft, &cbargs);
		hfs_gcft = NULL;
	}

	return;
}

void
hfslib_init_cbargs(hfs_callback_args* ptr)
{
	memset(ptr, 0, sizeof(hfs_callback_args));
}

#if 0
#pragma mark -
#pragma mark High-Level Routines
#endif

int
hfslib_open_volume(
	const char* in_device,
	int in_readonly,
	hfs_volume* out_vol,
	hfs_callback_args* cbargs)
{
	hfs_catalog_key_t		rootkey;
	hfs_thread_record_t	rootthread;
	hfs_hfs_master_directory_block_t mdb;
	uint16_t	node_rec_sizes[1];
	void*		node_recs[1];
	void*		buffer;
	void*		buffer2;	/* used as temporary pointer for realloc() */
	int			result;
	int		isopen = 0;

	result = 1;
	buffer = NULL;

	if (in_device == NULL || out_vol == NULL)
		return 1;

	out_vol->readonly = in_readonly;
	out_vol->offset = 0;

	if (hfslib_openvoldevice(out_vol, in_device, cbargs) != 0)
		HFS_LIBERR("could not open device");
	isopen = 1;

	/*
	 * Read the volume header.
	 */
	buffer = hfslib_malloc(max(sizeof(hfs_volume_header_t),
		sizeof(hfs_hfs_master_directory_block_t)), cbargs);
	if (buffer == NULL)
		HFS_LIBERR("could not allocate volume header");
	if (hfslib_readd(out_vol, buffer, max(sizeof(hfs_volume_header_t),
	    sizeof(hfs_hfs_master_directory_block_t)),
	    HFS_VOLUME_HEAD_RESERVE_SIZE, cbargs) != 0)
		HFS_LIBERR("could not read volume header");

	if (be16toh(*((uint16_t *)buffer)) == HFS_SIG_HFS) {
		if (hfslib_read_master_directory_block(buffer, &mdb) == 0)
			HFS_LIBERR("could not parse master directory block");
		if (mdb.embedded_signature == HFS_SIG_HFSP) {
			/* XXX: is 512 always correct? */
			out_vol->offset =
			    mdb.first_block * 512
			    + mdb.embedded_extent.start_block
			    * (uint64_t)mdb.block_size;

			if (hfslib_readd(out_vol, buffer,
			    sizeof(hfs_volume_header_t),
			    HFS_VOLUME_HEAD_RESERVE_SIZE, cbargs) != 0)
				HFS_LIBERR("could not read volume header");
		} else
			HFS_LIBERR("Plain HFS volumes not currently supported");
	}

	if (hfslib_read_volume_header(buffer, &(out_vol->vh)) == 0)
		HFS_LIBERR("could not parse volume header");

	/*
	 * Check the volume signature to see if this is a legitimate HFS+ or HFSX
	 * volume. If so, set the key comparison function pointers appropriately.
	 */
	switch(out_vol->vh.signature) {
		case HFS_SIG_HFSP:
			out_vol->keycmp = hfslib_compare_catalog_keys_cf;
			break;
		case HFS_SIG_HFSX:
			out_vol->keycmp = NULL; /* will be set below */
			break;
		default:
			/* HFS_LIBERR("unrecognized volume format"); */
			goto error;
			break;
	}

	/*
	 * Read the catalog header.
	 */
	buffer2 = hfslib_realloc(buffer, 512, cbargs);
	if (buffer2 == NULL)
		HFS_LIBERR("could not allocate catalog header node");
	buffer = buffer2;

	/*
	 * We are only interested in the node header, so read the first
	 * 512 bytes and construct the node descriptor by hand.
	 */
	if (hfslib_readd(out_vol, buffer, 512,
	    out_vol->vh.catalog_file.extents[0].start_block *
	    (uint64_t)out_vol->vh.block_size, cbargs) != 0)
		HFS_LIBERR("could not read catalog header node");
	node_recs[0] = (char *)buffer+14;
	node_rec_sizes[0] = 120;
	if (hfslib_read_header_node(node_recs, node_rec_sizes, 1,
	    &out_vol->chr, NULL, NULL) == 0)
		HFS_LIBERR("could not parse catalog header node");

	/*
	 * If this is an HFSX volume, the catalog header specifies the type of
	 * key comparison method (case-folding or binary compare) we should
	 * use.
	 */
	if (out_vol->keycmp == NULL) {
		if (out_vol->chr.keycomp_type == HFS_KEY_CASEFOLD)
			out_vol->keycmp = hfslib_compare_catalog_keys_cf;
		else if (out_vol->chr.keycomp_type == HFS_KEY_BINARY)
			out_vol->keycmp = hfslib_compare_catalog_keys_bc;
		else
			HFS_LIBERR("undefined key compare method");
	}

	out_vol->catkeysizefieldsize
	    = (out_vol->chr.attributes & HFS_BIG_KEYS_MASK) ?
	    sizeof(uint16_t) : sizeof(uint8_t);

	/*
	 * Read the extent overflow header.
	 */
	/*
	 * We are only interested in the node header, so read the first
	 * 512 bytes and construct the node descriptor by hand.
	 * buffer is already 512 bytes long.
	 */
	if (hfslib_readd(out_vol, buffer, 512,
	    out_vol->vh.extents_file.extents[0].start_block *
	    (uint64_t)out_vol->vh.block_size, cbargs) != 0)
		HFS_LIBERR("could not read extent header node");

	node_recs[0] = (char *)buffer+14;
	node_rec_sizes[0] = 120;
	if (hfslib_read_header_node(node_recs, node_rec_sizes, 1,
	    &out_vol->ehr, NULL, NULL) == 0)
		HFS_LIBERR("could not parse extent header node");
	out_vol->extkeysizefieldsize
	    = (out_vol->ehr.attributes & HFS_BIG_KEYS_MASK) ?
	    sizeof(uint16_t):sizeof(uint8_t);
	/*
	 * Read the journal info block and journal header (if volume journaled).
	 */
	if (out_vol->vh.attributes & (1<<HFS_VOL_JOURNALED)) {
		/* journal info block */
		buffer2 = hfslib_realloc(buffer, sizeof(hfs_journal_info_t), cbargs);
		if (buffer2 == NULL)
			HFS_LIBERR("could not allocate journal info block");
		buffer = buffer2;

		if (hfslib_readd(out_vol, buffer, sizeof(hfs_journal_info_t),
		    out_vol->vh.journal_info_block * out_vol->vh.block_size,
		    cbargs) != 0)
			HFS_LIBERR("could not read journal info block");

		if (hfslib_read_journal_info(buffer, &out_vol->jib) == 0)
			HFS_LIBERR("could not parse journal info block");

		/* journal header */
		buffer2 = hfslib_realloc(buffer, sizeof(hfs_journal_header_t), cbargs);
		if (buffer2 == NULL)
			HFS_LIBERR("could not allocate journal header");
		buffer = buffer2;

		if (hfslib_readd(out_vol, buffer, sizeof(hfs_journal_header_t),
		    out_vol->jib.offset, cbargs) != 0)
			HFS_LIBERR("could not read journal header");

		if (hfslib_read_journal_header(buffer, &out_vol->jh) == 0)
			HFS_LIBERR("could not parse journal header");

		out_vol->journaled = 1;
	} else {
		out_vol->journaled = 0;
	}

	/*
	 * If this volume uses case-folding comparison and the folding table hasn't
	 * been created yet, do that here. (We don't do this in hfslib_init()
	 * because the table is large and we might never even need to use it.)
	 */
	if (out_vol->keycmp == hfslib_compare_catalog_keys_cf && hfs_gcft == NULL)
		result = hfslib_create_casefolding_table();
	else
		result = 0;

	/*
	 * Find and store the volume name.
	 */
	if (hfslib_make_catalog_key(HFS_CNID_ROOT_FOLDER, 0, NULL, &rootkey) == 0)
		HFS_LIBERR("could not make root search key");

	if (hfslib_find_catalog_record_with_key(out_vol, &rootkey,
	    (hfs_catalog_keyed_record_t*)&rootthread, cbargs)!=0)
		HFS_LIBERR("could not find root parent");

	memcpy(&out_vol->name, &rootthread.name, sizeof(hfs_unistr255_t));

	/* FALLTHROUGH */
error:
	if (result != 0 && isopen)
		hfslib_close_volume(out_vol, cbargs);
	if (buffer != NULL)
		hfslib_free(buffer, cbargs);
	return result;
}

void
hfslib_close_volume(hfs_volume* in_vol, hfs_callback_args* cbargs)
{
	if (in_vol == NULL)
		return;
	hfslib_closevoldevice(in_vol, cbargs);
}

int
hfslib_path_to_cnid(hfs_volume* in_vol,
	hfs_cnid_t in_cnid,
	char** out_unicode,
	uint16_t* out_length,
	hfs_callback_args* cbargs)
{
	hfs_thread_record_t	parent_thread;
	hfs_cnid_t	parent_cnid, child_cnid;
	char*		newpath;
	char*		path;
	int			path_offset = 0;
	int			result;
	uint16_t*	ptr;	/* dummy var */
	uint16_t	uchar;	/* dummy var */
	uint16_t	total_path_length;

	if (in_vol == NULL || in_cnid == 0 || out_unicode == NULL ||
	    out_length == NULL)
		return 1;

	result = 1;
	*out_unicode = NULL;
	*out_length = 0;
	path = NULL;
	total_path_length = 0;

	path = hfslib_malloc(514, cbargs); /* 256 unichars plus a forward slash */
	if (path == NULL)
		return 1;

	child_cnid = in_cnid;
	parent_cnid = child_cnid; /* skips loop in case in_cnid is root id */
	while (parent_cnid != HFS_CNID_ROOT_FOLDER &&
	    parent_cnid != HFS_CNID_ROOT_PARENT)
	{
		if (child_cnid != in_cnid) {
			newpath = hfslib_realloc(path, 514 + total_path_length*2, cbargs);
			if (newpath == NULL)
				goto exit;
			path = newpath;
			memmove(path + 514, path + path_offset, total_path_length*2);
		}

		parent_cnid = hfslib_find_parent_thread(in_vol, child_cnid,
		    &parent_thread, cbargs);
		if (parent_cnid == 0)
			goto exit;

		path_offset = 512 - parent_thread.name.length*2;

		memcpy(path + path_offset, parent_thread.name.unicode,
			parent_thread.name.length*2);

		/* Add a forward slash. The unicode string was specified in big endian
		 * format, so convert to core format if necessary. */
		path[512] = 0x00;
		path[513] = 0x2F;

		ptr = (uint16_t*)path + 256;
		uchar = be16tohp((void*)&ptr);
		*(ptr-1) = uchar;

		total_path_length += parent_thread.name.length + 1;
		child_cnid = parent_cnid;
	}

	/*
	 * At this point, 'path' holds a sequence of unicode characters which
	 * represent the absolute path to the given cnid. This string is missing
	 * a terminating null char and an initial forward slash that represents
	 * the root of the filesystem. It most likely also has extra space in
	 * the beginning, due to the fact that we reserve 512 bytes for each path
	 * component and won't usually use all that space. So, we allocate the
	 * final string based on the actual length of the absolute path, plus four
	 * additional bytes (two unichars) for the forward slash and the null char.
	 */

	*out_unicode = hfslib_malloc((total_path_length+2)*2, cbargs);
	if (*out_unicode == NULL)
		goto exit;

	/* copy only the bytes that are actually used */
	memcpy(*out_unicode + 2, path + path_offset, total_path_length*2);

	/* insert forward slash at start */
	uchar = be16toh(0x2F);
	memcpy(*out_unicode, &uchar, sizeof(uchar));

	/* insert null char at end */
	(*out_unicode)[total_path_length*2+2] = 0x00;
	(*out_unicode)[total_path_length*2+3] = 0x00;

	*out_length = total_path_length + 1 /* extra for forward slash */ ;

	result = 0;

exit:
	if (path != NULL)
		hfslib_free(path, cbargs);
	return result;
}

hfs_cnid_t
hfslib_find_parent_thread(
	hfs_volume* in_vol,
	hfs_cnid_t in_child,
	hfs_thread_record_t* out_thread,
	hfs_callback_args* cbargs)
{
	hfs_catalog_key_t	childkey;

	if (in_vol == NULL || in_child == 0 || out_thread == NULL)
		return 0;

	if (hfslib_make_catalog_key(in_child, 0, NULL, &childkey) == 0)
		return 0;

	if (hfslib_find_catalog_record_with_key(in_vol, &childkey,
		(hfs_catalog_keyed_record_t*)out_thread, cbargs) != 0)
		return 0;

	return out_thread->parent_cnid;
}

/*
 * hfslib_find_catalog_record_with_cnid()
 *
 * Looks up a catalog record by calling hfslib_find_parent_thread() and
 * hfslib_find_catalog_record_with_key(). out_key may be NULL; if not, the key
 * corresponding to this cnid is stuffed in it. Returns 0 on success.
 */
int
hfslib_find_catalog_record_with_cnid(
	hfs_volume* in_vol,
	hfs_cnid_t in_cnid,
	hfs_catalog_keyed_record_t* out_rec,
	hfs_catalog_key_t* out_key,
	hfs_callback_args* cbargs)
{
	hfs_cnid_t					parentcnid;
	hfs_thread_record_t		parentthread;
	hfs_catalog_key_t			key;

	if (in_vol == NULL || in_cnid == 0 || out_rec == NULL)
		return 0;

	parentcnid =
		hfslib_find_parent_thread(in_vol, in_cnid, &parentthread, cbargs);
	if (parentcnid == 0)
		HFS_LIBERR("could not find parent thread for cnid %i", in_cnid);

	if (hfslib_make_catalog_key(parentthread.parent_cnid,
		parentthread.name.length, parentthread.name.unicode, &key) == 0)
		HFS_LIBERR("could not make catalog search key");

	if (out_key != NULL)
		memcpy(out_key, &key, sizeof(key));

	return hfslib_find_catalog_record_with_key(in_vol, &key, out_rec, cbargs);

error:
	return 1;
}

/* Returns 0 on success, 1 on error, and -1 if record was not found. */
int
hfslib_find_catalog_record_with_key(
	hfs_volume* in_vol,
	hfs_catalog_key_t* in_key,
	hfs_catalog_keyed_record_t* out_rec,
	hfs_callback_args* cbargs)
{
	hfs_node_descriptor_t			nd = { .num_recs = 0 };
	hfs_extent_descriptor_t*		extents;
	hfs_catalog_keyed_record_t		lastrec;
	hfs_catalog_key_t*	curkey;
	void**				recs;
	void*				buffer;
	uint64_t			bytesread;
	uint32_t			curnode;
	uint16_t*			recsizes;
	uint16_t			numextents;
	uint16_t			recnum;
	int16_t				leaftype;
	int					keycompare;
	int					result;

	if (in_key == NULL || out_rec == NULL || in_vol == NULL)
		return 1;

	result = 1;
	buffer = NULL;
	curkey = NULL;
	extents = NULL;
	recs = NULL;
	recsizes = NULL;

	/* The key takes up over half a kb of ram, which is a lot for the BSD
	 * kernel stack. So allocate it in the heap instead to play it safe. */
	curkey = hfslib_malloc(sizeof(hfs_catalog_key_t), cbargs);
	if (curkey == NULL)
		HFS_LIBERR("could not allocate catalog search key");

	buffer = hfslib_malloc(in_vol->chr.node_size, cbargs);
	if (buffer == NULL)
		HFS_LIBERR("could not allocate node buffer");

	numextents = hfslib_get_file_extents(in_vol, HFS_CNID_CATALOG,
		HFS_DATAFORK, &extents, cbargs);
	if (numextents == 0)
		HFS_LIBERR("could not locate fork extents");

	curnode = in_vol->chr.root_node;

#ifdef DLO_DEBUG
	printf("-> key ");
	dlo_print_key(in_key);
	printf("\n");
#endif

	do {
#ifdef DLO_DEBUG
		printf("--> node %d\n", curnode);
#endif

		if (hfslib_readd_with_extents(in_vol, buffer,
			&bytesread,in_vol->chr.node_size, curnode * in_vol->chr.node_size,
			extents, numextents, cbargs) != 0)
			HFS_LIBERR("could not read catalog node #%i", curnode);

		if (hfslib_reada_node(buffer, &nd, &recs, &recsizes, HFS_CATALOG_FILE,
			in_vol, cbargs) == 0)
			HFS_LIBERR("could not parse catalog node #%i", curnode);

		for (recnum = 0; recnum < nd.num_recs; recnum++)
		{
			leaftype = nd.kind;
			if (hfslib_read_catalog_keyed_record(recs[recnum], out_rec,
				&leaftype, curkey, in_vol) == 0)
				HFS_LIBERR("could not read catalog record #%i",recnum);

#ifdef DLO_DEBUG
			printf("---> record %d: ", recnum);
			dlo_print_key(curkey);
			fflush(stdout);
#endif
			keycompare = in_vol->keycmp(in_key, curkey);
#ifdef DLO_DEBUG
			printf(" %c\n",
			       keycompare < 0 ? '<'
			       : keycompare == 0 ? '=' : '>');
#endif

			if (keycompare < 0) {
				/* Check if key is less than *every* record, which should never
				 * happen if the volume is consistent and the key legit. */
				if (recnum == 0)
					HFS_LIBERR("all records greater than key");

				/* Otherwise, we've found the first record that exceeds our key,
				 * so retrieve the previous record, which is still less... */
				memcpy(out_rec, &lastrec,
					sizeof(hfs_catalog_keyed_record_t));

				/* ...unless this is a leaf node, which means we've gone from
				 * a key which is smaller than the search key, in the previous
				 * loop, to a key which is larger, in this loop, and that
				 * implies that our search key does not exist on the volume. */
				if (nd.kind == HFS_LEAFNODE)
					result = -1;
				break;
			} else if (keycompare == 0) {
				/* If leaf node, found an exact match. */
				result = 0;
				break;
			} else if (recnum == nd.num_recs-1 && keycompare > 0) {
				/* If leaf node, we've reached the last record with no match,
				 * which means this key is not present on the volume. */
				result = -1;
				break;
			}

			memcpy(&lastrec, out_rec, sizeof(hfs_catalog_keyed_record_t));
		}

		if (nd.kind == HFS_INDEXNODE)
			curnode = out_rec->child;
		else if (nd.kind == HFS_LEAFNODE)
			break;
		hfslib_free_recs(&recs, &recsizes, &nd.num_recs, cbargs);
	} while (nd.kind != HFS_LEAFNODE);

	/* FALLTHROUGH */
error:
	if (extents != NULL)
		hfslib_free(extents, cbargs);
	hfslib_free_recs(&recs, &recsizes, &nd.num_recs, cbargs);
	if (curkey != NULL)
		hfslib_free(curkey, cbargs);
	if (buffer != NULL)
		hfslib_free(buffer, cbargs);
	return result;
}

/* returns 0 on success */
/* XXX Need to look this over and make sure it gracefully handles cases where
 * XXX the key is not found. */
int
hfslib_find_extent_record_with_key(hfs_volume* in_vol,
	hfs_extent_key_t* in_key,
	hfs_extent_record_t* out_rec,
	hfs_callback_args* cbargs)
{
	hfs_node_descriptor_t		nd = { .num_recs = 0 };
	hfs_extent_descriptor_t*	extents;
	hfs_extent_record_t		lastrec;
	hfs_extent_key_t	curkey;
	void**				recs;
	void*				buffer;
	uint64_t			bytesread;
	uint32_t			curnode;
	uint16_t*			recsizes;
	uint16_t			numextents;
	uint16_t			recnum;
	int					keycompare;
	int					result;

	if (in_vol == NULL || in_key == NULL || out_rec == NULL)
		return 1;

	result = 1;
	buffer = NULL;
	extents = NULL;
	recs = NULL;
	recsizes = NULL;

	buffer = hfslib_malloc(in_vol->ehr.node_size, cbargs);
	if (buffer == NULL)
		HFS_LIBERR("could not allocate node buffer");

	numextents = hfslib_get_file_extents(in_vol, HFS_CNID_EXTENTS,
		HFS_DATAFORK, &extents, cbargs);
	if (numextents == 0)
		HFS_LIBERR("could not locate fork extents");

	nd.num_recs = 0;
	curnode = in_vol->ehr.root_node;

	do {
		hfslib_free_recs(&recs, &recsizes, &nd.num_recs, cbargs);
		recnum = 0;

		if (hfslib_readd_with_extents(in_vol, buffer, &bytesread,
			in_vol->ehr.node_size, curnode * in_vol->ehr.node_size, extents,
			numextents, cbargs) != 0)
			HFS_LIBERR("could not read extents overflow node #%i", curnode);

		if (hfslib_reada_node(buffer, &nd, &recs, &recsizes, HFS_EXTENTS_FILE,
			in_vol, cbargs) == 0)
			HFS_LIBERR("could not parse extents overflow node #%i",curnode);

		for (recnum = 0; recnum < nd.num_recs; recnum++) {
			memcpy(&lastrec, out_rec, sizeof(hfs_extent_record_t));

			if (hfslib_read_extent_record(recs[recnum], out_rec, nd.kind,
				&curkey, in_vol) == 0)
				HFS_LIBERR("could not read extents record #%i",recnum);

			keycompare = hfslib_compare_extent_keys(in_key, &curkey);
			if (keycompare < 0) {
				/* this should never happen for any legitimate key */
				if (recnum == 0)
					return 1;
				memcpy(out_rec, &lastrec, sizeof(hfs_extent_record_t));
				break;
			} else if (keycompare == 0 ||
			    (recnum == nd.num_recs-1 && keycompare > 0))
				break;
		}

		if (nd.kind == HFS_INDEXNODE)
			curnode = *((uint32_t *)out_rec); /* out_rec is a node ptr in this case */
		else if (nd.kind == HFS_LEAFNODE)
			break;
		else
		    HFS_LIBERR("unknown node type for extents overflow node #%i",curnode);
	} while (nd.kind != HFS_LEAFNODE);

	result = 0;

	/* FALLTHROUGH */

error:
	if (buffer != NULL)
		hfslib_free(buffer, cbargs);
	if (extents != NULL)
		hfslib_free(extents, cbargs);
	hfslib_free_recs(&recs, &recsizes, &nd.num_recs, cbargs);
	return result;
}

/* out_extents may be NULL. */
uint16_t
hfslib_get_file_extents(hfs_volume* in_vol,
	hfs_cnid_t in_cnid,
	uint8_t in_forktype,
	hfs_extent_descriptor_t** out_extents,
	hfs_callback_args* cbargs)
{
	hfs_extent_descriptor_t*	dummy;
	hfs_extent_key_t		extentkey;
	hfs_file_record_t		file;
	hfs_catalog_key_t		filekey;
	hfs_thread_record_t	fileparent;
	hfs_fork_t		fork = {.logical_size = 0};
	hfs_extent_record_t	nextextentrec;
	uint32_t	numblocks;
	uint16_t	numextents, n;

	if (in_vol == NULL || in_cnid == 0)
		return 0;

	if (out_extents != NULL) {
		*out_extents = hfslib_malloc(sizeof(hfs_extent_descriptor_t), cbargs);
		if (*out_extents == NULL)
			return 0;
	}

	switch(in_cnid)
	{
		case HFS_CNID_CATALOG:
			fork = in_vol->vh.catalog_file;
			break;

		case HFS_CNID_EXTENTS:
			fork = in_vol->vh.extents_file;
			break;

		case HFS_CNID_ALLOCATION:
			fork = in_vol->vh.allocation_file;
			break;

		case HFS_CNID_ATTRIBUTES:
			fork = in_vol->vh.attributes_file;
			break;

		case HFS_CNID_STARTUP:
			fork = in_vol->vh.startup_file;
			break;

		default:
			if (hfslib_find_parent_thread(in_vol, in_cnid, &fileparent,
				cbargs) == 0)
				goto error;

			if (hfslib_make_catalog_key(fileparent.parent_cnid,
				fileparent.name.length, fileparent.name.unicode, &filekey) == 0)
				goto error;

			if (hfslib_find_catalog_record_with_key(in_vol, &filekey,
				(hfs_catalog_keyed_record_t*)&file, cbargs) != 0)
				goto error;

			/* only files have extents, not folders or threads */
			if (file.rec_type != HFS_REC_FILE)
				goto error;

			if (in_forktype == HFS_DATAFORK)
				fork = file.data_fork;
			else if (in_forktype == HFS_RSRCFORK)
				fork = file.rsrc_fork;
	}

	numextents = 0;
	numblocks = 0;
	memcpy(&nextextentrec, &fork.extents, sizeof(hfs_extent_record_t));

	while (1) {
		for (n = 0; n < 8; n++) {
			if (nextextentrec[n].block_count == 0)
				break;
			numblocks += nextextentrec[n].block_count;
		}
		if (out_extents != NULL) {
			dummy = hfslib_realloc(*out_extents,
			    (numextents+n) * sizeof(hfs_extent_descriptor_t),
			    cbargs);
			if (dummy == NULL)
				goto error;
			*out_extents = dummy;

			memcpy(*out_extents + numextents,
			    &nextextentrec, n*sizeof(hfs_extent_descriptor_t));
		}
		numextents += n;

		if (numblocks >= fork.total_blocks)
			break;

		if (hfslib_make_extent_key(in_cnid, in_forktype, numblocks,
			&extentkey) == 0)
			goto error;

		if (hfslib_find_extent_record_with_key(in_vol, &extentkey,
			&nextextentrec, cbargs) != 0)
			goto error;
	}

	goto exit;

error:
	if (out_extents != NULL && *out_extents != NULL) {
		hfslib_free(*out_extents, cbargs);
		*out_extents = NULL;
	}
	return 0;

exit:
	return numextents;
}

/*
 * hfslib_get_directory_contents()
 *
 * Finds the immediate children of a given directory CNID and places their
 * CNIDs in an array allocated here. The first child is found by doing a
 * catalog search that only compares parent CNIDs (ignoring file/folder names)
 * and skips over thread records. Then the remaining children are listed in
 * ascending order by name, according to the HFS+ spec, so just read off each
 * successive leaf node until a different parent CNID is found.
 *
 * If out_childnames is not NULL, it will be allocated and set to an array of
 * hfs_unistr255_t's which correspond to the name of the child with that same
 * index.
 *
 * out_children may be NULL.
 *
 * Returns 0 on success.
 */
int
hfslib_get_directory_contents(
	hfs_volume* in_vol,
	hfs_cnid_t in_dir,
	hfs_catalog_keyed_record_t** out_children,
	hfs_unistr255_t** out_childnames,
	uint32_t* out_numchildren,
	hfs_callback_args* cbargs)
{
	hfs_node_descriptor_t			nd = { .num_recs = 0 };
	hfs_extent_descriptor_t*		extents;
	hfs_catalog_keyed_record_t		currec;
	hfs_catalog_key_t	curkey;
	void**				recs;
	void*				buffer;
	void*				ptr; /* temporary pointer for realloc() */
	uint64_t			bytesread;
	uint32_t			curnode;
	uint32_t			lastnode;
	uint16_t*			recsizes;
	uint16_t			numextents;
	uint16_t			recnum;
	int16_t				leaftype;
	int					keycompare;
	int					result;

	if (in_vol == NULL || in_dir == 0 || out_numchildren == NULL)
		return 1;

	result = 1;
	buffer = NULL;
	extents = NULL;
	lastnode = 0;
	recs = NULL;
	recsizes = NULL;
	*out_numchildren = 0;
	if (out_children != NULL)
		*out_children = NULL;
	if (out_childnames != NULL)
		*out_childnames = NULL;

	buffer = hfslib_malloc(in_vol->chr.node_size, cbargs);
	if (buffer == NULL)
		HFS_LIBERR("could not allocate node buffer");

	numextents = hfslib_get_file_extents(in_vol, HFS_CNID_CATALOG,
		HFS_DATAFORK, &extents, cbargs);
	if (numextents == 0)
		HFS_LIBERR("could not locate fork extents");

	nd.num_recs = 0;
	curnode = in_vol->chr.root_node;

	while (1)
	{
		hfslib_free_recs(&recs, &recsizes, &nd.num_recs, cbargs);
		recnum = 0;

		if (hfslib_readd_with_extents(in_vol, buffer, &bytesread,
			in_vol->chr.node_size, curnode * in_vol->chr.node_size, extents,
			numextents, cbargs) != 0)
			HFS_LIBERR("could not read catalog node #%i", curnode);

		if (hfslib_reada_node(buffer, &nd, &recs, &recsizes, HFS_CATALOG_FILE,
			in_vol, cbargs) == 0)
			HFS_LIBERR("could not parse catalog node #%i", curnode);

		for (recnum = 0; recnum < nd.num_recs; recnum++)
		{
			leaftype = nd.kind; /* needed b/c leaftype might be modified now */
			if (hfslib_read_catalog_keyed_record(recs[recnum], &currec,
				&leaftype, &curkey, in_vol) == 0)
				HFS_LIBERR("could not read cat record %i:%i", curnode, recnum);

			if (nd.kind == HFS_INDEXNODE)
			{
				keycompare = in_dir - curkey.parent_cnid;
				if (keycompare < 0) {
					/* Check if key is less than *every* record, which should
					 * never happen if the volume and key are good. */
					if (recnum == 0)
						HFS_LIBERR("all records greater than key");

					/* Otherwise, we've found the first record that exceeds our
					 * key, so retrieve the previous, lesser record. */
					curnode = lastnode;
					break;
				} else if (keycompare == 0) {
					/*
					 * Normally, if we were doing a typical catalog lookup with
					 * both a parent cnid AND a name, keycompare==0 would be an
					 * exact match. However, since we are ignoring object names
					 * in this case and only comparing parent cnids, a direct
					 * match on only a parent cnid could mean that we've found
					 * an object with that parent cnid BUT which is NOT the
					 * first object (according to the HFS+ spec) with that
					 * parent cnid. Thus, when we find a parent cnid match, we
					 * still go back to the previously found leaf node and start
					 * checking it for a possible prior instance of an object
					 * with our desired parent cnid.
					 */
					curnode = lastnode;
					break;
				} else if (recnum == nd.num_recs-1 && keycompare > 0) {
					/* Descend to child node if we found an exact match, or if
					 * this is the last pointer record. */
					curnode = currec.child;
					break;
				}

				lastnode = currec.child;
			} else {
				/*
				 * We have now descended down the hierarchy of index nodes into
				 * the leaf node that contains the first catalog record with a
				 * matching parent CNID. Since all leaf nodes are chained
				 * through their flink/blink, we can simply walk forward through
				 * this chain, copying every matching non-thread record, until
				 * we hit a record with a different parent CNID. At that point,
				 * we've retrieved all of our directory's items, if any.
				 */
				curnode = nd.flink;

				if (curkey.parent_cnid < in_dir) {
					continue;
				} else if (curkey.parent_cnid == in_dir) {
					/* Hide files/folders which are supposed to be invisible
					 * to users, according to the hfs+ spec. */
					if (hfslib_is_private_file(&curkey))
						continue;

					/* leaftype has now been set to the catalog record type */
					if (leaftype == HFS_REC_FLDR || leaftype == HFS_REC_FILE)
					{
						(*out_numchildren)++;

						if (out_children != NULL) {
							ptr = hfslib_realloc(*out_children,
								*out_numchildren *
								sizeof(hfs_catalog_keyed_record_t), cbargs);
							if (ptr == NULL)
								HFS_LIBERR("could not allocate child record");
							*out_children = ptr;

							memcpy(&((*out_children)[*out_numchildren-1]),
								&currec, sizeof(hfs_catalog_keyed_record_t));
						}

						if (out_childnames != NULL) {
							ptr = hfslib_realloc(*out_childnames,
								*out_numchildren * sizeof(hfs_unistr255_t),
								cbargs);
							if (ptr == NULL)
								HFS_LIBERR("could not allocate child name");
							*out_childnames = ptr;

							memcpy(&((*out_childnames)[*out_numchildren-1]),
								&curkey.name, sizeof(hfs_unistr255_t));
						}
					}
				} else {
					result = 0;
					/* We have just now passed the last item in the desired
					 * folder (or the folder was empty), so exit. */
					goto exit;
				}
			}
		}
	}

	result = 0;
	goto exit;

error:
	if (out_children != NULL && *out_children != NULL)
		hfslib_free(*out_children, cbargs);
	if (out_childnames != NULL && *out_childnames != NULL)
		hfslib_free(*out_childnames, cbargs);
	/* FALLTHROUGH */

exit:
	if (extents != NULL)
		hfslib_free(extents, cbargs);
	hfslib_free_recs(&recs, &recsizes, &nd.num_recs, cbargs);
	if (buffer != NULL)
		hfslib_free(buffer, cbargs);
	return result;
}

int
hfslib_is_journal_clean(hfs_volume* in_vol)
{
	if (in_vol == NULL)
		return 0;

	/* return true if no journal */
	if (!(in_vol->vh.attributes & (1<<HFS_VOL_JOURNALED)))
		return 1;

	return (in_vol->jh.start == in_vol->jh.end);
}

/*
 * hfslib_is_private_file()
 *
 * Given a file/folder's key and parent CNID, determines if it should be hidden
 * from the user (e.g., the journal header file or the HFS+ Private Data folder)
 */
int
hfslib_is_private_file(hfs_catalog_key_t *filekey)
{
	hfs_catalog_key_t* curkey = NULL;
	int i = 0;

	/*
	 * According to the HFS+ spec to date, all special objects are located in
	 * the root directory of the volume, so don't bother going further if the
	 * requested object is not.
	 */
	if (filekey->parent_cnid != HFS_CNID_ROOT_FOLDER)
		return 0;

	while ((curkey = hfs_gPrivateObjectKeys[i]) != NULL) {
		/* XXX Always use binary compare here, or use volume's specific key
		 * XXX comparison routine? */
		if (filekey->name.length == curkey->name.length &&
		    memcmp(filekey->name.unicode, curkey->name.unicode,
				2 * curkey->name.length) == 0)
			return 1;
		i++;
	}

	return 0;
}


/* bool
hfslib_is_journal_valid(hfs_volume* in_vol)
{
	- check magic numbers
	- check Other Things
}*/

#if 0
#pragma mark -
#pragma mark Major Structures
#endif

/*
 *	hfslib_read_volume_header()
 *
 *	Reads in_bytes, formats the data appropriately, and places the result
 *	in out_header, which is assumed to be previously allocated. Returns number
 *	of bytes read, 0 if failed.
 */

size_t
hfslib_read_volume_header(void* in_bytes, hfs_volume_header_t* out_header)
{
	void*	ptr;
	size_t	last_bytes_read;
	int		i;

	if (in_bytes == NULL || out_header == NULL)
		return 0;

	ptr = in_bytes;

	out_header->signature = be16tohp(&ptr);
	out_header->version = be16tohp(&ptr);
	out_header->attributes = be32tohp(&ptr);
	out_header->last_mounting_version = be32tohp(&ptr);
	out_header->journal_info_block = be32tohp(&ptr);

	out_header->date_created = be32tohp(&ptr);
	out_header->date_modified = be32tohp(&ptr);
	out_header->date_backedup = be32tohp(&ptr);
	out_header->date_checked = be32tohp(&ptr);

	out_header->file_count = be32tohp(&ptr);
	out_header->folder_count = be32tohp(&ptr);

	out_header->block_size = be32tohp(&ptr);
	out_header->total_blocks = be32tohp(&ptr);
	out_header->free_blocks = be32tohp(&ptr);
	out_header->next_alloc_block = be32tohp(&ptr);
	out_header->rsrc_clump_size = be32tohp(&ptr);
	out_header->data_clump_size = be32tohp(&ptr);
	out_header->next_cnid = be32tohp(&ptr);

	out_header->write_count = be32tohp(&ptr);
	out_header->encodings = be64tohp(&ptr);

	for (i =0 ; i < 8; i++)
		out_header->finder_info[i] = be32tohp(&ptr);

	if ((last_bytes_read = hfslib_read_fork_descriptor(ptr,
		&out_header->allocation_file)) == 0)
		return 0;
	ptr = (uint8_t*)ptr + last_bytes_read;

	if ((last_bytes_read = hfslib_read_fork_descriptor(ptr,
		&out_header->extents_file)) == 0)
		return 0;
	ptr = (uint8_t*)ptr + last_bytes_read;

	if ((last_bytes_read = hfslib_read_fork_descriptor(ptr,
		&out_header->catalog_file)) == 0)
		return 0;
	ptr = (uint8_t*)ptr + last_bytes_read;

	if ((last_bytes_read = hfslib_read_fork_descriptor(ptr,
		&out_header->attributes_file)) == 0)
		return 0;
	ptr = (uint8_t*)ptr + last_bytes_read;

	if ((last_bytes_read = hfslib_read_fork_descriptor(ptr,
		&out_header->startup_file)) == 0)
		return 0;
	ptr = (uint8_t*)ptr + last_bytes_read;

	return ((uint8_t*)ptr - (uint8_t*)in_bytes);
}

/*
 *      hfsplib_read_master_directory_block()
 *
 *      Reads in_bytes, formats the data appropriately, and places the result
 *      in out_header, which is assumed to be previously allocated. Returns numb
er
 *      of bytes read, 0 if failed.
 */

size_t
hfslib_read_master_directory_block(void* in_bytes,
    hfs_hfs_master_directory_block_t* out_mdr)
{
	void*   ptr;
	int     i;

	if (in_bytes == NULL || out_mdr == NULL)
		return 0;

	ptr = in_bytes;

	out_mdr->signature = be16tohp(&ptr);

	out_mdr->date_created = be32tohp(&ptr);
	out_mdr->date_modified = be32tohp(&ptr);

	out_mdr->attributes = be16tohp(&ptr);
	out_mdr->root_file_count = be16tohp(&ptr);
	out_mdr->volume_bitmap = be16tohp(&ptr);

	out_mdr->next_alloc_block = be16tohp(&ptr);
	out_mdr->total_blocks = be16tohp(&ptr);
	out_mdr->block_size = be32tohp(&ptr);

	out_mdr->clump_size = be32tohp(&ptr);
	out_mdr->first_block = be16tohp(&ptr);
	out_mdr->next_cnid = be32tohp(&ptr);
	out_mdr->free_blocks = be16tohp(&ptr);

	memcpy(out_mdr->volume_name, ptr, 28);
	ptr = (char *)ptr + 28;

	out_mdr->date_backedup = be32tohp(&ptr);
	out_mdr->backup_seqnum = be16tohp(&ptr);

	out_mdr->write_count = be32tohp(&ptr);

	out_mdr->extents_clump_size = be32tohp(&ptr);
	out_mdr->catalog_clump_size = be32tohp(&ptr);

	out_mdr->root_folder_count = be16tohp(&ptr);
	out_mdr->file_count = be32tohp(&ptr);
	out_mdr->folder_count = be32tohp(&ptr);

	for (i = 0; i < 8; i++)
		out_mdr->finder_info[i] = be32tohp(&ptr);

	out_mdr->embedded_signature = be16tohp(&ptr);
	out_mdr->embedded_extent.start_block = be16tohp(&ptr);
	out_mdr->embedded_extent.block_count = be16tohp(&ptr);

	out_mdr->extents_size = be32tohp(&ptr);
	for (i = 0; i < 3; i++) {
		out_mdr->extents_extents[i].start_block = be16tohp(&ptr);
		out_mdr->extents_extents[i].block_count = be16tohp(&ptr);
	}

	out_mdr->catalog_size = be32tohp(&ptr);
	for (i = 0; i < 3; i++) {
		out_mdr->catalog_extents[i].start_block = be16tohp(&ptr);
		out_mdr->catalog_extents[i].block_count = be16tohp(&ptr);
	}

	return ((uint8_t*)ptr - (uint8_t*)in_bytes);
}

/*
 *	hfslib_reada_node()
 *
 *	Given the pointer to and size of a buffer containing the entire, raw
 *	contents of any b-tree node from the disk, this function will:
 *
 *		1.	determine the type of node and read its contents
 *		2.	allocate memory for each record and fill it appropriately
 *		3.	set out_record_ptrs_array to point to an array (which it allocates)
 *			which has out_node_descriptor->num_recs many pointers to the
 *			records themselves
 *		4.	allocate out_record_ptr_sizes_array and fill it with the sizes of
 *			each record
 *		5.	return the number of bytes read (i.e., the size of the node)
 *			or 0 on failure
 *
 *	out_node_descriptor must be allocated by the caller and may not be NULL.
 *
 *	out_record_ptrs_array and out_record_ptr_sizes_array must both be specified,
 *	or both be NULL if the caller is not interested in reading the records.
 *
 *	out_record_ptr_sizes_array may be NULL if the caller is not interested in
 *	reading the records, but must not be NULL if out_record_ptrs_array is not.
 *
 *	in_parent_file is HFS_CATALOG_FILE, HFS_EXTENTS_FILE, or
 *	HFS_ATTRIBUTES_FILE, depending on the special file in which this node
 *	resides.
 *
 *	inout_volume must have its catnodesize or extnodesize field (depending on
 *	the parent file) set to the correct value if this is an index, leaf, or map
 *	node. If this is a header node, the field will be set to its correct value.
 */
size_t
hfslib_reada_node(void* in_bytes,
	hfs_node_descriptor_t* out_node_descriptor,
	void** out_record_ptrs_array[],
	uint16_t* out_record_ptr_sizes_array[],
	hfs_btree_file_type in_parent_file,
	hfs_volume* inout_volume,
	hfs_callback_args* cbargs)
{
	void*		ptr;
	uint16_t*	rec_offsets;
	size_t		last_bytes_read;
	uint16_t	nodesize;
	uint16_t	numrecords;
	uint16_t	free_space_offset;	/* offset to free space in node */
	int			keysizefieldsize;
	int			i;

	numrecords = 0;
	rec_offsets = NULL;
	if (out_record_ptrs_array != NULL)
		*out_record_ptrs_array = NULL;
	if (out_record_ptr_sizes_array != NULL)
		*out_record_ptr_sizes_array = NULL;

	if (in_bytes == NULL || inout_volume == NULL || out_node_descriptor == NULL
		|| (out_record_ptrs_array == NULL && out_record_ptr_sizes_array != NULL)
		|| (out_record_ptrs_array != NULL && out_record_ptr_sizes_array == NULL) )
		goto error;

	ptr = in_bytes;

	out_node_descriptor->flink = be32tohp(&ptr);
	out_node_descriptor->blink = be32tohp(&ptr);
	out_node_descriptor->kind = *(((int8_t*)ptr));
	ptr = (uint8_t*)ptr + 1;
	out_node_descriptor->height = *(((uint8_t*)ptr));
	ptr = (uint8_t*)ptr + 1;
	out_node_descriptor->num_recs = be16tohp(&ptr);
	out_node_descriptor->reserved = be16tohp(&ptr);

	numrecords = out_node_descriptor->num_recs;

	/*
	 *	To go any further, we will need to know the size of this node, as well
	 *	as the width of keyed records' key_len parameters for this btree. If
	 *	this is an index, leaf, or map node, inout_volume already has the node
	 *	size set in its catnodesize or extnodesize field and the key length set
	 *	in the catkeysizefieldsize or extkeysizefieldsize for catalog files and
	 *	extent files, respectively. However, if this is a header node, this
	 *	information has not yet been determined, so this is the place to do it.
	 */
	if (out_node_descriptor->kind == HFS_HEADERNODE)
	{
		hfs_header_record_t	hr;
		void*		header_rec_offset[1];
		uint16_t	header_rec_size[1];

		/* sanity check to ensure this is a good header node */
		if (numrecords != 3)
			HFS_LIBERR("header node does not have exactly 3 records");

		header_rec_offset[0] = ptr;
		header_rec_size[0] = sizeof(hfs_header_record_t);

		last_bytes_read = hfslib_read_header_node(header_rec_offset,
			header_rec_size, 1, &hr, NULL, NULL);
		if (last_bytes_read == 0)
			HFS_LIBERR("could not read header node");

		switch(in_parent_file)
		{
			case HFS_CATALOG_FILE:
				inout_volume->chr.node_size = hr.node_size;
				inout_volume->catkeysizefieldsize =
					(hr.attributes & HFS_BIG_KEYS_MASK) ?
						sizeof(uint16_t):sizeof(uint8_t);
				break;

			case HFS_EXTENTS_FILE:
				inout_volume->ehr.node_size = hr.node_size;
				inout_volume->extkeysizefieldsize =
					(hr.attributes & HFS_BIG_KEYS_MASK) ?
						sizeof(uint16_t):sizeof(uint8_t);
				break;

			case HFS_ATTRIBUTES_FILE:
			default:
				HFS_LIBERR("invalid parent file type specified");
				/* NOTREACHED */
		}
	}

	switch (in_parent_file)
	{
		case HFS_CATALOG_FILE:
			nodesize = inout_volume->chr.node_size;
			keysizefieldsize = inout_volume->catkeysizefieldsize;
			break;

		case HFS_EXTENTS_FILE:
			nodesize = inout_volume->ehr.node_size;
			keysizefieldsize = inout_volume->extkeysizefieldsize;
			break;

		case HFS_ATTRIBUTES_FILE:
		default:
			HFS_LIBERR("invalid parent file type specified");
			/* NOTREACHED */
	}

	/*
	 *	Don't care about records so just exit after getting the node descriptor.
	 *	Note: This happens after the header node code, and not before it, in
	 *	case the caller calls this function and ignores the record data just to
	 *	get at the node descriptor, but then tries to call it again on a non-
	 *	header node without first setting inout_volume->cat/extnodesize.
	 */
	if (out_record_ptrs_array == NULL)
		return ((uint8_t*)ptr - (uint8_t*)in_bytes);

	rec_offsets = hfslib_malloc(numrecords * sizeof(uint16_t), cbargs);
	*out_record_ptr_sizes_array =
		hfslib_malloc(numrecords * sizeof(uint16_t), cbargs);
	if (rec_offsets == NULL || *out_record_ptr_sizes_array == NULL)
		HFS_LIBERR("could not allocate node record offsets");

	*out_record_ptrs_array = hfslib_malloc(numrecords * sizeof(void*), cbargs);
	if (*out_record_ptrs_array == NULL)
		HFS_LIBERR("could not allocate node records");

	last_bytes_read = hfslib_reada_node_offsets((uint8_t*)in_bytes + nodesize -
			numrecords * sizeof(uint16_t), rec_offsets, numrecords);
	if (last_bytes_read == 0)
		HFS_LIBERR("could not read node record offsets");

	/*	The size of the last record (i.e. the first one listed in the offsets)
	 *	must be determined using the offset to the node's free space. */
	free_space_offset = be16toh(*(uint16_t*)((uint8_t*)in_bytes + nodesize -
			(numrecords+1) * sizeof(uint16_t)));

	(*out_record_ptr_sizes_array)[numrecords-1] =
		free_space_offset - rec_offsets[0];
	for (i = 1; i < numrecords; i++) {
		(*out_record_ptr_sizes_array)[numrecords-i-1] =
			rec_offsets[i-1] - rec_offsets[i];
	}

	for (i = 0; i < numrecords; i++)
	{
		(*out_record_ptrs_array)[i] =
			hfslib_malloc((*out_record_ptr_sizes_array)[i], cbargs);

		if ((*out_record_ptrs_array)[i] == NULL)
			HFS_LIBERR("could not allocate node record #%i",i);

		/*
		 *	If this is a keyed node (i.e., a leaf or index node), there are two
		 *	boundary rules that each record must obey:
		 *
		 *		1.	A pad byte must be placed between the key and data if the
		 *			size of the key plus the size of the key_len field is odd.
		 *
		 *		2.	A pad byte must be placed after the data if the data size
		 *			is odd.
		 *
		 *	So in the first case we increment the starting point of the data
		 *	and correspondingly decrement the record size. In the second case
		 *	we decrement the record size.
		 */
		if (out_node_descriptor->kind == HFS_LEAFNODE ||
		    out_node_descriptor->kind == HFS_INDEXNODE)
		{
			hfs_catalog_key_t	reckey;
			uint16_t			rectype;

			rectype = out_node_descriptor->kind;
			last_bytes_read = hfslib_read_catalog_keyed_record(ptr, NULL,
				&rectype, &reckey, inout_volume);
			if (last_bytes_read == 0)
				HFS_LIBERR("could not read node record");

			if ((reckey.key_len + keysizefieldsize) % 2 == 1) {
				ptr = (uint8_t*)ptr + 1;
				(*out_record_ptr_sizes_array)[i]--;
			}

			if ((*out_record_ptr_sizes_array)[i] % 2 == 1)
				(*out_record_ptr_sizes_array)[i]--;
		}

		memcpy((*out_record_ptrs_array)[i], ptr,
				(*out_record_ptr_sizes_array)[i]);
		ptr = (uint8_t*)ptr + (*out_record_ptr_sizes_array)[i];
	}

	goto exit;

error:
	hfslib_free_recs(out_record_ptrs_array, out_record_ptr_sizes_array,
		&numrecords, cbargs);

	ptr = in_bytes;

	/* warn("error occurred in hfslib_reada_node()"); */

	/* FALLTHROUGH */

exit:
	if (rec_offsets != NULL)
		hfslib_free(rec_offsets, cbargs);
	return ((uint8_t*)ptr - (uint8_t*)in_bytes);
}

/*
 *	hfslib_reada_node_offsets()
 *
 *	Sets out_offset_array to contain the offsets to each record in the node,
 *	in reverse order. Does not read the free space offset.
 */
size_t
hfslib_reada_node_offsets(void* in_bytes, uint16_t* out_offset_array,
    uint16_t numrecords)
{
	void*		ptr;

	if (in_bytes == NULL || out_offset_array == NULL)
		return 0;

	ptr = in_bytes;

	/*
	 * The offset for record 0 (which is the very last offset in the node) is
	 * always equal to 14, the size of the node descriptor. So, once we hit
	 * offset=14, we know this is the last offset. In this way, we don't need
	 * to know the number of records beforehand.
	 */
	do {
		if (numrecords-- == 0)
			return 0;
		*out_offset_array = be16tohp(&ptr);
	} while (*out_offset_array++ != (uint16_t)14);

	return ((uint8_t*)ptr - (uint8_t*)in_bytes);
}

/*	hfslib_read_header_node()
 *
 *	out_header_record and/or out_map_record may be NULL if the caller doesn't
 *	care about their contents.
 */
size_t
hfslib_read_header_node(void** in_recs,
	uint16_t* in_rec_sizes,
	uint16_t in_num_recs,
	hfs_header_record_t* out_hr,
	void* out_userdata,
	void* out_map)
{
	void*	ptr;
	int		i;

	KASSERT(out_hr != NULL);

	if (in_recs == NULL || in_rec_sizes == NULL)
		return 0;

	ptr = in_recs[0];
	out_hr->tree_depth = be16tohp(&ptr);
	out_hr->root_node = be32tohp(&ptr);
	out_hr->leaf_recs = be32tohp(&ptr);
	out_hr->first_leaf = be32tohp(&ptr);
	out_hr->last_leaf = be32tohp(&ptr);
	out_hr->node_size = be16tohp(&ptr);
	out_hr->max_key_len = be16tohp(&ptr);
	out_hr->total_nodes = be32tohp(&ptr);
	out_hr->free_nodes = be32tohp(&ptr);
	out_hr->reserved = be16tohp(&ptr);
	out_hr->clump_size = be32tohp(&ptr);
	out_hr->btree_type = *(((uint8_t*)ptr));
	ptr = (uint8_t*)ptr + 1;
	out_hr->keycomp_type = *(((uint8_t*)ptr));
	ptr = (uint8_t*)ptr + 1;
	out_hr->attributes = be32tohp(&ptr);
	for (i = 0; i < 16; i++)
		out_hr->reserved2[i] = be32tohp(&ptr);

	if (out_userdata != NULL) {
		memcpy(out_userdata, in_recs[1], in_rec_sizes[1]);
	}
	ptr = (uint8_t*)ptr + in_rec_sizes[1];	/* size of user data record */

	if (out_map != NULL) {
		memcpy(out_map, in_recs[2], in_rec_sizes[2]);
	}
	ptr = (uint8_t*)ptr + in_rec_sizes[2];	/* size of map record */

	return ((uint8_t*)ptr - (uint8_t*)in_recs[0]);
}

/*
 *	hfslib_read_catalog_keyed_record()
 *
 *	out_recdata can be NULL. inout_rectype must be set to either HFS_LEAFNODE
 *	or HFS_INDEXNODE upon calling this function, and will be set by the
 *	function to one of HFS_REC_FLDR, HFS_REC_FILE, HFS_REC_FLDR_THREAD, or
 *	HFS_REC_FLDR_THREAD upon return if the node is a leaf node. If it is an
 *	index node, inout_rectype will not be changed.
 */
size_t
hfslib_read_catalog_keyed_record(
	void* in_bytes,
	hfs_catalog_keyed_record_t* out_recdata,
	int16_t* inout_rectype,
	hfs_catalog_key_t* out_key,
	hfs_volume* in_volume)
{
	void*		ptr;
	size_t		last_bytes_read;

	if (in_bytes == NULL || out_key == NULL || inout_rectype == NULL)
		return 0;

	ptr = in_bytes;

	/*	For HFS+, the key length is always a 2-byte number. This is indicated
	 *	by the HFS_BIG_KEYS_MASK bit in the attributes field of the catalog
	 *	header record. However, we just assume this bit is set, since all HFS+
	 *	volumes should have it set anyway. */
	if (in_volume->catkeysizefieldsize == sizeof(uint16_t))
		out_key->key_len = be16tohp(&ptr);
	else if (in_volume->catkeysizefieldsize == sizeof(uint8_t)) {
		out_key->key_len = *(((uint8_t*)ptr));
		ptr = (uint8_t*)ptr + 1;
	}

	out_key->parent_cnid = be32tohp(&ptr);

	last_bytes_read = hfslib_read_unistr255(ptr, &out_key->name);
	if (last_bytes_read == 0)
		return 0;
	ptr = (uint8_t*)ptr + last_bytes_read;

	/* don't waste time if the user just wanted the key and/or record type */
	if (out_recdata == NULL) {
		if (*inout_rectype == HFS_LEAFNODE)
			*inout_rectype = be16tohp(&ptr);
		else if (*inout_rectype != HFS_INDEXNODE)
			return 0;	/* should not happen if we were given valid arguments */

		return ((uint8_t*)ptr - (uint8_t*)in_bytes);
	}

	if (*inout_rectype == HFS_INDEXNODE) {
		out_recdata->child = be32tohp(&ptr);
	} else {
		/* first need to determine what kind of record this is */
		*inout_rectype = be16tohp(&ptr);
		out_recdata->type = *inout_rectype;

		switch(out_recdata->type)
		{
			case HFS_REC_FLDR:
			{
				out_recdata->folder.flags = be16tohp(&ptr);
				out_recdata->folder.valence = be32tohp(&ptr);
				out_recdata->folder.cnid = be32tohp(&ptr);
				out_recdata->folder.date_created = be32tohp(&ptr);
				out_recdata->folder.date_content_mod = be32tohp(&ptr);
				out_recdata->folder.date_attrib_mod = be32tohp(&ptr);
				out_recdata->folder.date_accessed = be32tohp(&ptr);
				out_recdata->folder.date_backedup = be32tohp(&ptr);

				last_bytes_read = hfslib_read_bsd_data(ptr,
					&out_recdata->folder.bsd);
				if (last_bytes_read == 0)
					return 0;
				ptr = (uint8_t*)ptr + last_bytes_read;

				last_bytes_read = hfslib_read_folder_userinfo(ptr,
					&out_recdata->folder.user_info);
				if (last_bytes_read == 0)
					return 0;
				ptr = (uint8_t*)ptr + last_bytes_read;

				last_bytes_read = hfslib_read_folder_finderinfo(ptr,
					&out_recdata->folder.finder_info);
				if (last_bytes_read == 0)
					return 0;
				ptr = (uint8_t*)ptr + last_bytes_read;

				out_recdata->folder.text_encoding = be32tohp(&ptr);
				out_recdata->folder.reserved = be32tohp(&ptr);
			}
			break;

			case HFS_REC_FILE:
			{
				out_recdata->file.flags = be16tohp(&ptr);
				out_recdata->file.reserved = be32tohp(&ptr);
				out_recdata->file.cnid = be32tohp(&ptr);
				out_recdata->file.date_created = be32tohp(&ptr);
				out_recdata->file.date_content_mod = be32tohp(&ptr);
				out_recdata->file.date_attrib_mod = be32tohp(&ptr);
				out_recdata->file.date_accessed = be32tohp(&ptr);
				out_recdata->file.date_backedup = be32tohp(&ptr);

				last_bytes_read = hfslib_read_bsd_data(ptr,
					&out_recdata->file.bsd);
				if (last_bytes_read == 0)
					return 0;
				ptr = (uint8_t*)ptr + last_bytes_read;

				last_bytes_read = hfslib_read_file_userinfo(ptr,
					&out_recdata->file.user_info);
				if (last_bytes_read == 0)
					return 0;
				ptr = (uint8_t*)ptr + last_bytes_read;

				last_bytes_read = hfslib_read_file_finderinfo(ptr,
					&out_recdata->file.finder_info);
				if (last_bytes_read == 0)
					return 0;
				ptr = (uint8_t*)ptr + last_bytes_read;

				out_recdata->file.text_encoding = be32tohp(&ptr);
				out_recdata->file.reserved2 = be32tohp(&ptr);

				last_bytes_read = hfslib_read_fork_descriptor(ptr,
					&out_recdata->file.data_fork);
				if (last_bytes_read == 0)
					return 0;
				ptr = (uint8_t*)ptr + last_bytes_read;

				last_bytes_read = hfslib_read_fork_descriptor(ptr,
					&out_recdata->file.rsrc_fork);
				if (last_bytes_read == 0)
					return 0;
				ptr = (uint8_t*)ptr + last_bytes_read;
			}
			break;

			case HFS_REC_FLDR_THREAD:
			case HFS_REC_FILE_THREAD:
			{
				out_recdata->thread.reserved = be16tohp(&ptr);
				out_recdata->thread.parent_cnid = be32tohp(&ptr);

				last_bytes_read = hfslib_read_unistr255(ptr,
					&out_recdata->thread.name);
				if (last_bytes_read == 0)
					return 0;
				ptr = (uint8_t*)ptr + last_bytes_read;
			}
			break;

			default:
				return 1;
				/* NOTREACHED */
		}
	}

	return ((uint8_t*)ptr - (uint8_t*)in_bytes);
}

/* out_rec may be NULL */
size_t
hfslib_read_extent_record(
	void* in_bytes,
	hfs_extent_record_t* out_rec,
	hfs_node_kind in_nodekind,
	hfs_extent_key_t* out_key,
	hfs_volume* in_volume)
{
	void*		ptr;
	size_t		last_bytes_read;

	if (in_bytes == NULL || out_key == NULL
	    || (in_nodekind!=HFS_LEAFNODE && in_nodekind!=HFS_INDEXNODE))
		return 0;

	ptr = in_bytes;

	/* For HFS+, the key length is always a 2-byte number. This is indicated
	 * by the HFS_BIG_KEYS_MASK bit in the attributes field of the extent
	 * overflow header record. However, we just assume this bit is set, since
	 * all HFS+ volumes should have it set anyway. */
	if (in_volume->extkeysizefieldsize == sizeof(uint16_t))
		out_key->key_length = be16tohp(&ptr);
	else if (in_volume->extkeysizefieldsize == sizeof(uint8_t)) {
		out_key->key_length = *(((uint8_t*)ptr));
		ptr = (uint8_t*)ptr + 1;
	}

	out_key->fork_type = *(((uint8_t*)ptr));
	ptr = (uint8_t*)ptr + 1;
	out_key->padding = *(((uint8_t*)ptr));
	ptr = (uint8_t*)ptr + 1;
	out_key->file_cnid = be32tohp(&ptr);
	out_key->start_block = be32tohp(&ptr);

	/* don't waste time if the user just wanted the key */
	if (out_rec == NULL)
		return ((uint8_t*)ptr - (uint8_t*)in_bytes);

	if (in_nodekind == HFS_LEAFNODE) {
		last_bytes_read = hfslib_read_extent_descriptors(ptr, out_rec);
		if (last_bytes_read == 0)
			return 0;
		ptr = (uint8_t*)ptr + last_bytes_read;
	} else {
		/* XXX: this is completely bogus */
		/*      (uint32_t*)*out_rec = be32tohp(&ptr); */
	    uint32_t *ptr_32 = (uint32_t *)out_rec;
		*ptr_32 = be32tohp(&ptr);
		/* (*out_rec)[0].start_block = be32tohp(&ptr); */
	}

	return ((uint8_t*)ptr - (uint8_t*)in_bytes);
}

void
hfslib_free_recs(
	void*** inout_node_recs,
	uint16_t** inout_rec_sizes,
	uint16_t* inout_num_recs,
	hfs_callback_args* cbargs)
{
	uint16_t	i;

	if (inout_num_recs == NULL || *inout_num_recs == 0)
		return;

	if (inout_node_recs != NULL && *inout_node_recs != NULL) {
		for (i = 0 ; i < *inout_num_recs; i++) {
			if ((*inout_node_recs)[i] != NULL) {
				hfslib_free((*inout_node_recs)[i], cbargs);
				(*inout_node_recs)[i] = NULL;
			}
		}
		hfslib_free(*inout_node_recs, cbargs);
		*inout_node_recs = NULL;
	}

	if (inout_rec_sizes != NULL && *inout_rec_sizes != NULL) {
		hfslib_free(*inout_rec_sizes, cbargs);
		*inout_rec_sizes = NULL;
	}

	*inout_num_recs = 0;
}

#if 0
#pragma mark -
#pragma mark Individual Fields
#endif

size_t
hfslib_read_fork_descriptor(void* in_bytes, hfs_fork_t* out_forkdata)
{
	void*	ptr;
	size_t	last_bytes_read;

	if (in_bytes == NULL || out_forkdata == NULL)
		return 0;

	ptr = in_bytes;

	out_forkdata->logical_size = be64tohp(&ptr);
	out_forkdata->clump_size = be32tohp(&ptr);
	out_forkdata->total_blocks = be32tohp(&ptr);

	if ((last_bytes_read = hfslib_read_extent_descriptors(ptr,
		&out_forkdata->extents)) == 0)
		return 0;
	ptr = (uint8_t*)ptr + last_bytes_read;

	return ((uint8_t*)ptr - (uint8_t*)in_bytes);
}

size_t
hfslib_read_extent_descriptors(
	void* in_bytes,
	hfs_extent_record_t* out_extentrecord)
{
	void*	ptr;
	int		i;

	if (in_bytes == NULL || out_extentrecord == NULL)
		return 0;

	ptr = in_bytes;

	for (i = 0; i < 8; i++) {
		(((hfs_extent_descriptor_t*)*out_extentrecord)[i]).start_block =
			be32tohp(&ptr);
		(((hfs_extent_descriptor_t*)*out_extentrecord)[i]).block_count =
			be32tohp(&ptr);
	}

	return ((uint8_t*)ptr - (uint8_t*)in_bytes);
}

size_t
hfslib_read_unistr255(void* in_bytes, hfs_unistr255_t* out_string)
{
	void*		ptr;
	uint16_t	i, length;

	if (in_bytes == NULL || out_string == NULL)
		return 0;

	ptr = in_bytes;

	length = be16tohp(&ptr);
	if (length > 255)
		length = 255; /* hfs+ folder/file names have a limit of 255 chars */
	out_string->length = length;

	for (i = 0; i < length; i++) {
		out_string->unicode[i] = be16tohp(&ptr);
	}

	return ((uint8_t*)ptr - (uint8_t*)in_bytes);
}

size_t
hfslib_read_bsd_data(void* in_bytes, hfs_bsd_data_t* out_perms)
{
	void*	ptr;

	if (in_bytes == NULL || out_perms == NULL)
		return 0;

	ptr = in_bytes;

	out_perms->owner_id = be32tohp(&ptr);
	out_perms->group_id = be32tohp(&ptr);
	out_perms->admin_flags = *(((uint8_t*)ptr));
	ptr = (uint8_t*)ptr + 1;
	out_perms->owner_flags = *(((uint8_t*)ptr));
	ptr = (uint8_t*)ptr + 1;
	out_perms->file_mode = be16tohp(&ptr);
	out_perms->special.inode_num = be32tohp(&ptr); /* this field is a union */

	return ((uint8_t*)ptr - (uint8_t*)in_bytes);
}

size_t
hfslib_read_file_userinfo(void* in_bytes, hfs_macos_file_info_t* out_info)
{
	void*	ptr;

	if (in_bytes == NULL || out_info == NULL)
		return 0;

	ptr = in_bytes;

	out_info->file_type = be32tohp(&ptr);
	out_info->file_creator = be32tohp(&ptr);
	out_info->finder_flags = be16tohp(&ptr);
	out_info->location.v = be16tohp(&ptr);
	out_info->location.h = be16tohp(&ptr);
	out_info->reserved = be16tohp(&ptr);

	return ((uint8_t*)ptr - (uint8_t*)in_bytes);
}

size_t
hfslib_read_file_finderinfo(
	void* in_bytes,
	hfs_macos_extended_file_info_t* out_info)
{
	void*	ptr;

	if (in_bytes == NULL || out_info == NULL)
		return 0;

	ptr = in_bytes;

#if 0
	#pragma warn Fill in with real code!
#endif
	/* FIXME: Fill in with real code! */
	memset(out_info, 0, sizeof(*out_info));
	ptr = (uint8_t*)ptr + sizeof(hfs_macos_extended_file_info_t);

	return ((uint8_t*)ptr - (uint8_t*)in_bytes);
}

size_t
hfslib_read_folder_userinfo(void* in_bytes, hfs_macos_folder_info_t* out_info)
{
	void*	ptr;

	if (in_bytes == NULL || out_info == NULL)
		return 0;

	ptr = in_bytes;

#if 0
	#pragma warn Fill in with real code!
#endif
	/* FIXME: Fill in with real code! */
	memset(out_info, 0, sizeof(*out_info));
	ptr = (uint8_t*)ptr + sizeof(hfs_macos_folder_info_t);

	return ((uint8_t*)ptr - (uint8_t*)in_bytes);
}

size_t
hfslib_read_folder_finderinfo(
	void* in_bytes,
	hfs_macos_extended_folder_info_t* out_info)
{
	void*	ptr;

	if (in_bytes == NULL || out_info == NULL)
		return 0;

	ptr = in_bytes;

#if 0
	#pragma warn Fill in with real code!
#endif
	/* FIXME: Fill in with real code! */
	memset(out_info, 0, sizeof(*out_info));
	ptr = (uint8_t*)ptr + sizeof(hfs_macos_extended_folder_info_t);

	return ((uint8_t*)ptr - (uint8_t*)in_bytes);
}

size_t
hfslib_read_journal_info(void* in_bytes, hfs_journal_info_t* out_info)
{
	void*	ptr;
	int		i;

	if (in_bytes == NULL || out_info == NULL)
		return 0;

	ptr = in_bytes;

	out_info->flags = be32tohp(&ptr);
	for (i = 0; i < 8; i++) {
		out_info->device_signature[i] = be32tohp(&ptr);
	}
	out_info->offset = be64tohp(&ptr);
	out_info->size = be64tohp(&ptr);
	for (i = 0; i < 32; i++) {
		out_info->reserved[i] = be64tohp(&ptr);
	}

	return ((uint8_t*)ptr - (uint8_t*)in_bytes);
}

size_t
hfslib_read_journal_header(void* in_bytes, hfs_journal_header_t* out_header)
{
	void*	ptr;

	if (in_bytes == NULL || out_header == NULL)
		return 0;

	ptr = in_bytes;

	out_header->magic = be32tohp(&ptr);
	out_header->endian = be32tohp(&ptr);
	out_header->start = be64tohp(&ptr);
	out_header->end = be64tohp(&ptr);
	out_header->size = be64tohp(&ptr);
	out_header->blocklist_header_size = be32tohp(&ptr);
	out_header->checksum = be32tohp(&ptr);
	out_header->journal_header_size = be32tohp(&ptr);

	return ((uint8_t*)ptr - (uint8_t*)in_bytes);
}

#if 0
#pragma mark -
#pragma mark Disk Access
#endif

/*
 *	hfslib_readd_with_extents()
 *
 *	This function reads the contents of a file from the volume, given an array
 *	of extent descriptors which specify where every extent of the file is
 *	located (in addition to the usual pread() arguments). out_bytes is presumed
 *  to exist and be large enough to hold in_length number of bytes. Returns 0
 *	on success.
 */
int
hfslib_readd_with_extents(
	hfs_volume*	in_vol,
	void*		out_bytes,
	uint64_t*	out_bytesread,
	uint64_t	in_length,
	uint64_t	in_offset,
	hfs_extent_descriptor_t in_extents[],
	uint16_t	in_numextents,
	hfs_callback_args*	cbargs)
{
	uint64_t	ext_length, last_offset;
	uint16_t	i;
	int			error;

	if (in_vol == NULL || out_bytes == NULL || in_extents == NULL ||
	    in_numextents == 0 || out_bytesread == NULL)
		return -1;

	*out_bytesread = 0;
	last_offset = 0;

	for (i = 0; i < in_numextents; i++)
	{
		if (in_extents[i].block_count == 0)
			continue;

		ext_length = in_extents[i].block_count * in_vol->vh.block_size;

		if (in_offset < last_offset+ext_length
			&& in_offset+in_length >= last_offset)
		{
			uint64_t	isect_start, isect_end;

			isect_start = max(in_offset, last_offset);
			isect_end = min(in_offset+in_length, last_offset+ext_length);
			error = hfslib_readd(in_vol, out_bytes, isect_end-isect_start,
				isect_start - last_offset + (uint64_t)in_extents[i].start_block
					* in_vol->vh.block_size, cbargs);

			if (error != 0)
				return error;

			*out_bytesread += isect_end-isect_start;
			out_bytes = (uint8_t*)out_bytes + isect_end-isect_start;
		}

		last_offset += ext_length;
	}

	return 0;
}

#if 0
#pragma mark -
#pragma mark Callback Wrappers
#endif

void
hfslib_error(const char* in_format, const char* in_file, int in_line, ...)
{
	va_list		ap;

	if (in_format == NULL)
		return;

	if (hfs_gcb.error != NULL) {
		va_start(ap, in_line);
		hfs_gcb.error(in_format, in_file, in_line, ap);
		va_end(ap);
	}
}

void*
hfslib_malloc(size_t size, hfs_callback_args* cbargs)
{
	if (hfs_gcb.allocmem != NULL)
		return hfs_gcb.allocmem(size, cbargs);

	return NULL;
}

void*
hfslib_realloc(void* ptr, size_t size, hfs_callback_args* cbargs)
{
	if (hfs_gcb.reallocmem != NULL)
		return hfs_gcb.reallocmem(ptr, size, cbargs);

	return NULL;
}

void
hfslib_free(void* ptr, hfs_callback_args* cbargs)
{
	if (hfs_gcb.freemem != NULL && ptr != NULL)
		hfs_gcb.freemem(ptr, cbargs);
}

int
hfslib_openvoldevice(
	hfs_volume* in_vol,
	const char* in_device,
	hfs_callback_args* cbargs)
{
	if (hfs_gcb.openvol != NULL && in_device != NULL)
		return hfs_gcb.openvol(in_vol, in_device, cbargs);

	return 1;
}

void
hfslib_closevoldevice(hfs_volume* in_vol, hfs_callback_args* cbargs)
{
	if (hfs_gcb.closevol != NULL)
		hfs_gcb.closevol(in_vol, cbargs);
}

int
hfslib_readd(
	hfs_volume* in_vol,
	void* out_bytes,
	uint64_t in_length,
	uint64_t in_offset,
	hfs_callback_args* cbargs)
{
	if (in_vol == NULL || out_bytes == NULL)
		return -1;

	if (hfs_gcb.read != NULL)
		return hfs_gcb.read(in_vol, out_bytes, in_length, in_offset, cbargs);

	return -1;
}

#if 0
#pragma mark -
#pragma mark Other
#endif

/* returns key length */
uint16_t
hfslib_make_catalog_key(
	hfs_cnid_t in_parent_cnid,
	uint16_t in_name_len,
	unichar_t* in_unicode,
	hfs_catalog_key_t* out_key)
{
	if (in_parent_cnid == 0 || (in_name_len > 0 && in_unicode == NULL) ||
	    out_key == 0)
		return 0;

	if (in_name_len > 255)
		in_name_len = 255;

	out_key->key_len = 6 + 2 * in_name_len;
	out_key->parent_cnid = in_parent_cnid;
	out_key->name.length = in_name_len;
	if (in_name_len > 0)
		memcpy(&out_key->name.unicode, in_unicode, in_name_len*2);

	return out_key->key_len;
}

/* returns key length */
uint16_t
hfslib_make_extent_key(
	hfs_cnid_t in_cnid,
	uint8_t in_forktype,
	uint32_t in_startblock,
	hfs_extent_key_t* out_key)
{
	if (in_cnid == 0 || out_key == 0)
		return 0;

	out_key->key_length = HFS_MAX_EXT_KEY_LEN;
	out_key->fork_type = in_forktype;
	out_key->padding = 0;
	out_key->file_cnid = in_cnid;
	out_key->start_block = in_startblock;

	return out_key->key_length;
}

/* case-folding */
int
hfslib_compare_catalog_keys_cf (
	const void *ap,
	const void *bp)
{
	const hfs_catalog_key_t	*a, *b;
	unichar_t	ac, bc; /* current character from a, b */
	unichar_t	lc; /* lowercase version of current character */
	uint8_t		apos, bpos; /* current character indices */

	a = (const hfs_catalog_key_t*)ap;
	b = (const hfs_catalog_key_t*)bp;

	if (a->parent_cnid != b->parent_cnid) {
		return (a->parent_cnid - b->parent_cnid);
	} else {
		/*
		 * The following code implements the pseudocode suggested by
		 * the HFS+ technote.
		 */

/*
 * XXX These need to be revised to be endian-independent!
 */
#define hbyte(x) ((x) >> 8)
#define lbyte(x) ((x) & 0x00FF)

		apos = bpos = 0;
		while (1)
		{
			/* get next valid character from a */
			for (lc = 0; lc == 0 && apos < a->name.length; apos++) {
				ac = a->name.unicode[apos];
				lc = hfs_gcft[hbyte(ac)];
				if (lc == 0)
					lc = ac;
				else
					lc = hfs_gcft[lc + lbyte(ac)];
			};
			ac = lc;

			/* get next valid character from b */
			for (lc = 0; lc == 0 && bpos < b->name.length; bpos++) {
				bc = b->name.unicode[bpos];
				lc = hfs_gcft[hbyte(bc)];
				if (lc == 0)
					lc = bc;
				else
					lc = hfs_gcft[lc + lbyte(bc)];
			};
			bc = lc;

			/* on end of string ac/bc are 0, otherwise > 0 */
			if (ac != bc || (ac == 0 && bc == 0))
				return ac - bc;
		}
#undef hbyte
#undef lbyte
	}
}

/* binary compare (i.e., not case folding) */
int
hfslib_compare_catalog_keys_bc (
	const void *ap,
	const void *bp)
{
	int c;
	const hfs_catalog_key_t *a, *b;

	a = (const hfs_catalog_key_t *) ap;
	b = (const hfs_catalog_key_t *) bp;

	if (a->parent_cnid == b->parent_cnid)
	{
		if (a->name.length == 0 && b->name.length == 0)
			return 0;

		if (a->name.length == 0)
			return -1;
		if (b->name.length == 0)
			return 1;

		/* FIXME: This does a byte-per-byte comparison, whereas the HFS spec
		 * mandates a uint16_t chunk comparison. */
		c = memcmp(a->name.unicode, b->name.unicode,
			sizeof(unichar_t)*min(a->name.length, b->name.length));
		if (c != 0)
			return c;
		else
			return (a->name.length - b->name.length);
	} else {
		return (a->parent_cnid - b->parent_cnid);
	}
}

int
hfslib_compare_extent_keys (
	const void *ap,
	const void *bp)
{
	/*
	 *	Comparison order, in descending importance:
	 *
	 *		CNID -> fork type -> start block
	 */

	const hfs_extent_key_t *a, *b;
	a = (const hfs_extent_key_t *) ap;
	b = (const hfs_extent_key_t *) bp;

	if (a->file_cnid == b->file_cnid)
	{
		if (a->fork_type == b->fork_type)
		{
			if (a->start_block == b->start_block)
			{
				return 0;
			} else {
				return (a->start_block - b->start_block);
			}
		} else {
			return (a->fork_type - b->fork_type);
		}
	} else {
		return (a->file_cnid - b->file_cnid);
	}
}

/* 1+10 tables of 16 rows and 16 columns, each 2 bytes wide = 5632 bytes */
int
hfslib_create_casefolding_table(void)
{
	hfs_callback_args	cbargs;
	unichar_t*	t; /* convenience */
	uint16_t	s; /* current subtable * 256 */
	uint16_t	i; /* current subtable index (0 to 255) */

	if (hfs_gcft != NULL)
		return 0; /* no sweat, table already exists */

	hfslib_init_cbargs(&cbargs);
	hfs_gcft = hfslib_malloc(5632, &cbargs);
	if (hfs_gcft == NULL)
		HFS_LIBERR("could not allocate case folding table");

	t = hfs_gcft;	 /* easier to type :) */

	/*
	 * high byte indices
	 */
	s = 0 * 256;
	memset(t, 0x00, 512);
	t[s+  0] = 0x0100;
	t[s+  1] = 0x0200;
	t[s+  3] = 0x0300;
	t[s+  4] = 0x0400;
	t[s+  5] = 0x0500;
	t[s+ 16] = 0x0600;
	t[s+ 32] = 0x0700;
	t[s+ 33] = 0x0800;
	t[s+254] = 0x0900;
	t[s+255] = 0x0a00;

	/*
	 * table 1 (high byte 0x00)
	 */
	s = 1 * 256;
	for (i = 0; i < 65; i++)
		t[s+i] = i;
	t[s+  0] = 0xffff;
	for (i = 65; i < 91; i++)
		t[s+i] = i + 0x20;
	for (i = 91; i < 256; i++)
		t[s+i] = i;
	t[s+198] = 0x00e6;
	t[s+208] = 0x00f0;
	t[s+216] = 0x00f8;
	t[s+222] = 0x00fe;

	/*
	 * table 2 (high byte 0x01)
	 */
	s = 2 * 256;
	for (i = 0; i < 256; i++)
		t[s+i] = i + 0x0100;
	t[s+ 16] = 0x0111;
	t[s+ 38] = 0x0127;
	t[s+ 50] = 0x0133;
	t[s+ 63] = 0x0140;
	t[s+ 65] = 0x0142;
	t[s+ 74] = 0x014b;
	t[s+ 82] = 0x0153;
	t[s+102] = 0x0167;
	t[s+129] = 0x0253;
	t[s+130] = 0x0183;
	t[s+132] = 0x0185;
	t[s+134] = 0x0254;
	t[s+135] = 0x0188;
	t[s+137] = 0x0256;
	t[s+138] = 0x0257;
	t[s+139] = 0x018c;
	t[s+142] = 0x01dd;
	t[s+143] = 0x0259;
	t[s+144] = 0x025b;
	t[s+145] = 0x0192;
	t[s+147] = 0x0260;
	t[s+148] = 0x0263;
	t[s+150] = 0x0269;
	t[s+151] = 0x0268;
	t[s+152] = 0x0199;
	t[s+156] = 0x026f;
	t[s+157] = 0x0272;
	t[s+159] = 0x0275;
	t[s+162] = 0x01a3;
	t[s+164] = 0x01a5;
	t[s+167] = 0x01a8;
	t[s+169] = 0x0283;
	t[s+172] = 0x01ad;
	t[s+174] = 0x0288;
	t[s+177] = 0x028a;
	t[s+178] = 0x028b;
	t[s+179] = 0x01b4;
	t[s+181] = 0x01b6;
	t[s+183] = 0x0292;
	t[s+184] = 0x01b9;
	t[s+188] = 0x01bd;
	t[s+196] = 0x01c6;
	t[s+197] = 0x01c6;
	t[s+199] = 0x01c9;
	t[s+200] = 0x01c9;
	t[s+202] = 0x01cc;
	t[s+203] = 0x01cc;
	t[s+228] = 0x01e5;
	t[s+241] = 0x01f3;
	t[s+242] = 0x01f3;

	/*
	 * table 3 (high byte 0x03)
	 */
	s = 3 * 256;
	for (i = 0; i < 145; i++)
		t[s+i] = i + 0x0300;
	for (i = 145; i < 170; i++)
		t[s+i] = i + 0x0320;
	t[s+162] = 0x03a2;
	for (i = 170; i < 256; i++)
		t[s+i] = i + 0x0300;

	for (i = 226; i < 239; i += 2)
		t[s+i] = i + 0x0301;

	/*
	 * table 4 (high byte 0x04)
	 */
	s = 4 * 256;
	for (i = 0; i < 16; i++)
		t[s+i] = i + 0x0400;
	t[s+  2] = 0x0452;
	t[s+  4] = 0x0454;
	t[s+  5] = 0x0455;
	t[s+  6] = 0x0456;
	t[s+  8] = 0x0458;
	t[s+  9] = 0x0459;
	t[s+ 10] = 0x045a;
	t[s+ 11] = 0x045b;
	t[s+ 15] = 0x045f;

	for (i = 16; i < 48; i++)
		t[s+i] = i + 0x0420;
	t[s+ 25] = 0x0419;
	for (i = 48; i < 256; i++)
		t[s+i] = i + 0x0400;
	t[s+195] = 0x04c4;
	t[s+199] = 0x04c8;
	t[s+203] = 0x04cc;

	for (i = 96; i < 129; i += 2)
		t[s+i] = i + 0x0401;
	t[s+118] = 0x0476;
	for (i = 144; i < 191; i += 2)
		t[s+i] = i + 0x0401;

	/*
	 * table 5 (high byte 0x05)
	 */
	s = 5 * 256;
	for (i = 0; i < 49; i++)
		t[s+i] = i + 0x0500;
	for (i = 49; i < 87; i++)
		t[s+i] = i + 0x0530;
	for (i = 87; i < 256; i++)
		t[s+i] = i + 0x0500;

	/*
	 * table 6 (high byte 0x10)
	 */
	s = 6 * 256;
	for (i = 0; i < 160; i++)
		t[s+i] = i + 0x1000;
	for (i = 160; i < 198; i++)
		t[s+i] = i + 0x1030;
	for (i = 198; i < 256; i++)
		t[s+i] = i + 0x1000;

	/*
	 * table 7 (high byte 0x20)
	 */
	s = 7 * 256;
	for (i = 0; i < 256; i++)
		t[s+i] = i + 0x2000;
	{
		uint8_t zi[15] = { 12,  13,  14,  15,
						   42,  43,  44,  45,  46,
						  106, 107, 108, 109, 110, 111};

		for (i = 0; i < 15; i++)
			t[s+zi[i]] = 0x0000;
	}

	/*
	 * table 8 (high byte 0x21)
	 */
	s = 8 * 256;
	for (i = 0; i < 96; i++)
		t[s+i] = i + 0x2100;
	for (i = 96; i < 112; i++)
		t[s+i] = i + 0x2110;
	for (i = 112; i < 256; i++)
		t[s+i] = i + 0x2100;

	/*
	 * table 9 (high byte 0xFE)
	 */
	s = 9 * 256;
	for (i = 0; i < 256; i++)
		t[s+i] = i + 0xFE00;
	t[s+255] = 0x0000;

	/*
	 * table 10 (high byte 0xFF)
	 */
	s = 10 * 256;
	for (i = 0; i < 33; i++)
		t[s+i] = i + 0xFF00;
	for (i = 33; i < 59; i++)
		t[s+i] = i + 0xFF20;
	for (i = 59; i < 256; i++)
		t[s+i] = i + 0xFF00;

	return 0;

error:
	return 1;
}

int
hfslib_get_hardlink(hfs_volume *vol, uint32_t inode_num,
		     hfs_catalog_keyed_record_t *rec,
		     hfs_callback_args *cbargs)
{
	hfs_catalog_keyed_record_t metadata;
	hfs_catalog_key_t key;
	char name[16];
	unichar_t name_uni[16];
	int i, len;

	/* XXX: cache this */
	if (hfslib_find_catalog_record_with_key(vol,
						 &hfs_gMetadataDirectoryKey,
						 &metadata, cbargs) != 0
		|| metadata.type != HFS_REC_FLDR)
		return -1;

	len = snprintf(name, sizeof(name), "iNode%d", inode_num);
	for (i = 0; i < len; i++)
		name_uni[i] = name[i];

	if (hfslib_make_catalog_key(metadata.folder.cnid, len, name_uni,
				     &key) == 0)
		return -1;

	return hfslib_find_catalog_record_with_key(vol, &key, rec, cbargs);
}