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union_vnops.c revision 1.3
      1 /*	$NetBSD: union_vnops.c,v 1.3 2003/06/29 09:56:33 darrenr Exp $	*/
      2 
      3 /*
      4  * Copyright (c) 1992, 1993, 1994, 1995 Jan-Simon Pendry.
      5  * Copyright (c) 1992, 1993, 1994, 1995
      6  *	The Regents of the University of California.  All rights reserved.
      7  *
      8  * This code is derived from software contributed to Berkeley by
      9  * Jan-Simon Pendry.
     10  *
     11  * Redistribution and use in source and binary forms, with or without
     12  * modification, are permitted provided that the following conditions
     13  * are met:
     14  * 1. Redistributions of source code must retain the above copyright
     15  *    notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer.
     16  * 2. Redistributions in binary form must reproduce the above copyright
     17  *    notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer in the
     18  *    documentation and/or other materials provided with the distribution.
     19  * 3. All advertising materials mentioning features or use of this software
     20  *    must display the following acknowledgement:
     21  *	This product includes software developed by the University of
     22  *	California, Berkeley and its contributors.
     23  * 4. Neither the name of the University nor the names of its contributors
     24  *    may be used to endorse or promote products derived from this software
     25  *    without specific prior written permission.
     26  *
     27  * THIS SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED BY THE REGENTS AND CONTRIBUTORS ``AS IS'' AND
     28  * ANY EXPRESS OR IMPLIED WARRANTIES, INCLUDING, BUT NOT LIMITED TO, THE
     29  * IMPLIED WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY AND FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE
     30  * ARE DISCLAIMED.  IN NO EVENT SHALL THE REGENTS OR CONTRIBUTORS BE LIABLE
     31  * FOR ANY DIRECT, INDIRECT, INCIDENTAL, SPECIAL, EXEMPLARY, OR CONSEQUENTIAL
     32  * DAMAGES (INCLUDING, BUT NOT LIMITED TO, PROCUREMENT OF SUBSTITUTE GOODS
     33  * OR SERVICES; LOSS OF USE, DATA, OR PROFITS; OR BUSINESS INTERRUPTION)
     34  * HOWEVER CAUSED AND ON ANY THEORY OF LIABILITY, WHETHER IN CONTRACT, STRICT
     35  * LIABILITY, OR TORT (INCLUDING NEGLIGENCE OR OTHERWISE) ARISING IN ANY WAY
     36  * OUT OF THE USE OF THIS SOFTWARE, EVEN IF ADVISED OF THE POSSIBILITY OF
     37  * SUCH DAMAGE.
     38  *
     39  *	@(#)union_vnops.c	8.33 (Berkeley) 7/31/95
     40  */
     41 
     42 #include <sys/cdefs.h>
     43 __KERNEL_RCSID(0, "$NetBSD: union_vnops.c,v 1.3 2003/06/29 09:56:33 darrenr Exp $");
     44 
     45 #include <sys/param.h>
     46 #include <sys/systm.h>
     47 #include <sys/proc.h>
     48 #include <sys/file.h>
     49 #include <sys/time.h>
     50 #include <sys/stat.h>
     51 #include <sys/vnode.h>
     52 #include <sys/mount.h>
     53 #include <sys/namei.h>
     54 #include <sys/malloc.h>
     55 #include <sys/buf.h>
     56 #include <sys/queue.h>
     57 #include <sys/lock.h>
     58 #include <fs/union/union.h>
     59 #include <miscfs/genfs/genfs.h>
     60 
     61 int union_lookup	__P((void *));
     62 int union_create	__P((void *));
     63 int union_whiteout	__P((void *));
     64 int union_mknod		__P((void *));
     65 int union_open		__P((void *));
     66 int union_close		__P((void *));
     67 int union_access	__P((void *));
     68 int union_getattr	__P((void *));
     69 int union_setattr	__P((void *));
     70 int union_read		__P((void *));
     71 int union_write		__P((void *));
     72 int union_lease		__P((void *));
     73 int union_ioctl		__P((void *));
     74 int union_poll		__P((void *));
     75 int union_revoke	__P((void *));
     76 int union_mmap		__P((void *));
     77 int union_fsync		__P((void *));
     78 int union_seek		__P((void *));
     79 int union_remove	__P((void *));
     80 int union_link		__P((void *));
     81 int union_rename	__P((void *));
     82 int union_mkdir		__P((void *));
     83 int union_rmdir		__P((void *));
     84 int union_symlink	__P((void *));
     85 int union_readdir	__P((void *));
     86 int union_readlink	__P((void *));
     87 int union_abortop	__P((void *));
     88 int union_inactive	__P((void *));
     89 int union_reclaim	__P((void *));
     90 int union_lock		__P((void *));
     91 int union_unlock	__P((void *));
     92 int union_bmap		__P((void *));
     93 int union_print		__P((void *));
     94 int union_islocked	__P((void *));
     95 int union_pathconf	__P((void *));
     96 int union_advlock	__P((void *));
     97 int union_strategy	__P((void *));
     98 int union_getpages	__P((void *));
     99 int union_putpages	__P((void *));
    100 int union_kqfilter	__P((void *));
    101 
    102 static void union_fixup __P((struct union_node *));
    103 static int union_lookup1 __P((struct vnode *, struct vnode **,
    104 			      struct vnode **, struct componentname *));
    105 
    106 
    107 /*
    108  * Global vfs data structures
    109  */
    110 int (**union_vnodeop_p) __P((void *));
    111 const struct vnodeopv_entry_desc union_vnodeop_entries[] = {
    112 	{ &vop_default_desc, vn_default_error },
    113 	{ &vop_lookup_desc, union_lookup },		/* lookup */
    114 	{ &vop_create_desc, union_create },		/* create */
    115 	{ &vop_whiteout_desc, union_whiteout },		/* whiteout */
    116 	{ &vop_mknod_desc, union_mknod },		/* mknod */
    117 	{ &vop_open_desc, union_open },			/* open */
    118 	{ &vop_close_desc, union_close },		/* close */
    119 	{ &vop_access_desc, union_access },		/* access */
    120 	{ &vop_getattr_desc, union_getattr },		/* getattr */
    121 	{ &vop_setattr_desc, union_setattr },		/* setattr */
    122 	{ &vop_read_desc, union_read },			/* read */
    123 	{ &vop_write_desc, union_write },		/* write */
    124 	{ &vop_lease_desc, union_lease },		/* lease */
    125 	{ &vop_ioctl_desc, union_ioctl },		/* ioctl */
    126 	{ &vop_poll_desc, union_poll },			/* select */
    127 	{ &vop_revoke_desc, union_revoke },		/* revoke */
    128 	{ &vop_mmap_desc, union_mmap },			/* mmap */
    129 	{ &vop_fsync_desc, union_fsync },		/* fsync */
    130 	{ &vop_seek_desc, union_seek },			/* seek */
    131 	{ &vop_remove_desc, union_remove },		/* remove */
    132 	{ &vop_link_desc, union_link },			/* link */
    133 	{ &vop_rename_desc, union_rename },		/* rename */
    134 	{ &vop_mkdir_desc, union_mkdir },		/* mkdir */
    135 	{ &vop_rmdir_desc, union_rmdir },		/* rmdir */
    136 	{ &vop_symlink_desc, union_symlink },		/* symlink */
    137 	{ &vop_readdir_desc, union_readdir },		/* readdir */
    138 	{ &vop_readlink_desc, union_readlink },		/* readlink */
    139 	{ &vop_abortop_desc, union_abortop },		/* abortop */
    140 	{ &vop_inactive_desc, union_inactive },		/* inactive */
    141 	{ &vop_reclaim_desc, union_reclaim },		/* reclaim */
    142 	{ &vop_lock_desc, union_lock },			/* lock */
    143 	{ &vop_unlock_desc, union_unlock },		/* unlock */
    144 	{ &vop_bmap_desc, union_bmap },			/* bmap */
    145 	{ &vop_strategy_desc, union_strategy },		/* strategy */
    146 	{ &vop_print_desc, union_print },		/* print */
    147 	{ &vop_islocked_desc, union_islocked },		/* islocked */
    148 	{ &vop_pathconf_desc, union_pathconf },		/* pathconf */
    149 	{ &vop_advlock_desc, union_advlock },		/* advlock */
    150 	{ &vop_getpages_desc, union_getpages },		/* getpages */
    151 	{ &vop_putpages_desc, union_putpages },		/* putpages */
    152 	{ &vop_kqfilter_desc, union_kqfilter },		/* kqfilter */
    153 #ifdef notdef
    154 	{ &vop_blkatoff_desc, union_blkatoff },		/* blkatoff */
    155 	{ &vop_valloc_desc, union_valloc },		/* valloc */
    156 	{ &vop_vfree_desc, union_vfree },		/* vfree */
    157 	{ &vop_truncate_desc, union_truncate },		/* truncate */
    158 	{ &vop_update_desc, union_update },		/* update */
    159 	{ &vop_bwrite_desc, union_bwrite },		/* bwrite */
    160 #endif
    161 	{ NULL, NULL }
    162 };
    163 const struct vnodeopv_desc union_vnodeop_opv_desc =
    164 	{ &union_vnodeop_p, union_vnodeop_entries };
    165 
    166 #define FIXUP(un) { \
    167 	if (((un)->un_flags & UN_ULOCK) == 0) { \
    168 		union_fixup(un); \
    169 	} \
    170 }
    171 
    172 static void
    173 union_fixup(un)
    174 	struct union_node *un;
    175 {
    176 
    177 	vn_lock(un->un_uppervp, LK_EXCLUSIVE | LK_RETRY);
    178 	un->un_flags |= UN_ULOCK;
    179 }
    180 
    181 static int
    182 union_lookup1(udvp, dvpp, vpp, cnp)
    183 	struct vnode *udvp;
    184 	struct vnode **dvpp;
    185 	struct vnode **vpp;
    186 	struct componentname *cnp;
    187 {
    188 	int error;
    189 	struct vnode *tdvp;
    190 	struct vnode *dvp;
    191 	struct mount *mp;
    192 
    193 	dvp = *dvpp;
    194 
    195 	/*
    196 	 * If stepping up the directory tree, check for going
    197 	 * back across the mount point, in which case do what
    198 	 * lookup would do by stepping back down the mount
    199 	 * hierarchy.
    200 	 */
    201 	if (cnp->cn_flags & ISDOTDOT) {
    202 		while ((dvp != udvp) && (dvp->v_flag & VROOT)) {
    203 			/*
    204 			 * Don't do the NOCROSSMOUNT check
    205 			 * at this level.  By definition,
    206 			 * union fs deals with namespaces, not
    207 			 * filesystems.
    208 			 */
    209 			tdvp = dvp;
    210 			*dvpp = dvp = dvp->v_mount->mnt_vnodecovered;
    211 			vput(tdvp);
    212 			VREF(dvp);
    213 			vn_lock(dvp, LK_EXCLUSIVE | LK_RETRY);
    214 		}
    215 	}
    216 
    217         error = VOP_LOOKUP(dvp, &tdvp, cnp);
    218 	if (error)
    219 		return (error);
    220 
    221 	/*
    222 	 * The parent directory will have been unlocked, unless lookup
    223 	 * found the last component.  In which case, re-lock the node
    224 	 * here to allow it to be unlocked again (phew) in union_lookup.
    225 	 */
    226 	if (dvp != tdvp && !(cnp->cn_flags & ISLASTCN))
    227 		vn_lock(dvp, LK_EXCLUSIVE | LK_RETRY);
    228 
    229 	dvp = tdvp;
    230 
    231 	/*
    232 	 * Lastly check if the current node is a mount point in
    233 	 * which case walk up the mount hierarchy making sure not to
    234 	 * bump into the root of the mount tree (ie. dvp != udvp).
    235 	 */
    236 	while (dvp != udvp && (dvp->v_type == VDIR) &&
    237 	       (mp = dvp->v_mountedhere)) {
    238 
    239 		if (vfs_busy(mp, 0, 0))
    240 			continue;
    241 
    242 		error = VFS_ROOT(mp, &tdvp, curlwp);
    243 		vfs_unbusy(mp);
    244 		if (error) {
    245 			vput(dvp);
    246 			return (error);
    247 		}
    248 
    249 		vput(dvp);
    250 		dvp = tdvp;
    251 	}
    252 
    253 	*vpp = dvp;
    254 	return (0);
    255 }
    256 
    257 int
    258 union_lookup(v)
    259 	void *v;
    260 {
    261 	struct vop_lookup_args /* {
    262 		struct vnodeop_desc *a_desc;
    263 		struct vnode *a_dvp;
    264 		struct vnode **a_vpp;
    265 		struct componentname *a_cnp;
    266 	} */ *ap = v;
    267 	int error;
    268 	int uerror, lerror;
    269 	struct vnode *uppervp, *lowervp;
    270 	struct vnode *upperdvp, *lowerdvp;
    271 	struct vnode *dvp = ap->a_dvp;
    272 	struct union_node *dun = VTOUNION(dvp);
    273 	struct componentname *cnp = ap->a_cnp;
    274 	int lockparent = cnp->cn_flags & LOCKPARENT;
    275 	struct union_mount *um = MOUNTTOUNIONMOUNT(dvp->v_mount);
    276 	struct ucred *saved_cred = NULL;
    277 	int iswhiteout;
    278 	struct vattr va;
    279 
    280 #ifdef notyet
    281 	if (cnp->cn_namelen == 3 &&
    282 			cnp->cn_nameptr[2] == '.' &&
    283 			cnp->cn_nameptr[1] == '.' &&
    284 			cnp->cn_nameptr[0] == '.') {
    285 		dvp = *ap->a_vpp = LOWERVP(ap->a_dvp);
    286 		if (dvp == NULLVP)
    287 			return (ENOENT);
    288 		VREF(dvp);
    289 		vn_lock(dvp, LK_EXCLUSIVE | LK_RETRY);
    290 		if (!lockparent || !(cnp->cn_flags & ISLASTCN))
    291 			VOP_UNLOCK(ap->a_dvp, 0);
    292 		return (0);
    293 	}
    294 #endif
    295 
    296 	if ((cnp->cn_flags & ISLASTCN) &&
    297 	    (dvp->v_mount->mnt_flag & MNT_RDONLY) &&
    298 	    (cnp->cn_nameiop == DELETE || cnp->cn_nameiop == RENAME))
    299 		return (EROFS);
    300 
    301 	cnp->cn_flags |= LOCKPARENT;
    302 
    303 	upperdvp = dun->un_uppervp;
    304 	lowerdvp = dun->un_lowervp;
    305 	uppervp = NULLVP;
    306 	lowervp = NULLVP;
    307 	iswhiteout = 0;
    308 
    309 	/*
    310 	 * do the lookup in the upper level.
    311 	 * if that level comsumes additional pathnames,
    312 	 * then assume that something special is going
    313 	 * on and just return that vnode.
    314 	 */
    315 	if (upperdvp != NULLVP) {
    316 		FIXUP(dun);
    317 		/*
    318 		 * If we're doing `..' in the underlying filesystem,
    319 		 * we must drop our lock on the union node before
    320 		 * going up the tree in the lower file system--if we block
    321 		 * on the lowervp lock, and that's held by someone else
    322 		 * coming down the tree and who's waiting for our lock,
    323 		 * we would be hosed.
    324 		 */
    325 		if (cnp->cn_flags & ISDOTDOT) {
    326 			/* retain lock on underlying VP */
    327 			dun->un_flags |= UN_KLOCK;
    328 			VOP_UNLOCK(dvp, 0);
    329 		}
    330 		uerror = union_lookup1(um->um_uppervp, &upperdvp,
    331 					&uppervp, cnp);
    332 
    333 		if (cnp->cn_flags & ISDOTDOT) {
    334 			if (dun->un_uppervp == upperdvp) {
    335 				/*
    336 				 * we got the underlying bugger back locked...
    337 				 * now take back the union node lock.  Since we
    338 				 *  hold the uppervp lock, we can diddle union
    339 				 * locking flags at will. :)
    340 				 */
    341 				dun->un_flags |= UN_ULOCK;
    342 			}
    343 			/*
    344 			 * if upperdvp got swapped out, it means we did
    345 			 * some mount point magic, and we do not have
    346 			 * dun->un_uppervp locked currently--so we get it
    347 			 * locked here (don't set the UN_ULOCK flag).
    348 			 */
    349 			vn_lock(dvp, LK_EXCLUSIVE | LK_RETRY);
    350 		}
    351 		if (cnp->cn_consume != 0) {
    352 			*ap->a_vpp = uppervp;
    353 			if (!lockparent)
    354 				cnp->cn_flags &= ~LOCKPARENT;
    355 			return (uerror);
    356 		}
    357 		if (uerror == ENOENT || uerror == EJUSTRETURN) {
    358 			if (cnp->cn_flags & ISWHITEOUT) {
    359 				iswhiteout = 1;
    360 			} else if (lowerdvp != NULLVP) {
    361 				lerror = VOP_GETATTR(upperdvp, &va,
    362 					cnp->cn_cred, cnp->cn_lwp);
    363 				if (lerror == 0 && (va.va_flags & OPAQUE))
    364 					iswhiteout = 1;
    365 			}
    366 		}
    367 	} else {
    368 		uerror = ENOENT;
    369 	}
    370 
    371 	/*
    372 	 * in a similar way to the upper layer, do the lookup
    373 	 * in the lower layer.   this time, if there is some
    374 	 * component magic going on, then vput whatever we got
    375 	 * back from the upper layer and return the lower vnode
    376 	 * instead.
    377 	 */
    378 	if (lowerdvp != NULLVP && !iswhiteout) {
    379 		int nameiop;
    380 
    381 		vn_lock(lowerdvp, LK_EXCLUSIVE | LK_RETRY);
    382 
    383 		/*
    384 		 * Only do a LOOKUP on the bottom node, since
    385 		 * we won't be making changes to it anyway.
    386 		 */
    387 		nameiop = cnp->cn_nameiop;
    388 		cnp->cn_nameiop = LOOKUP;
    389 		if (um->um_op == UNMNT_BELOW) {
    390 			saved_cred = cnp->cn_cred;
    391 			cnp->cn_cred = um->um_cred;
    392 		}
    393 		/*
    394 		 * we shouldn't have to worry about locking interactions
    395 		 * between the lower layer and our union layer (w.r.t.
    396 		 * `..' processing) because we don't futz with lowervp
    397 		 * locks in the union-node instantiation code path.
    398 		 */
    399 		lerror = union_lookup1(um->um_lowervp, &lowerdvp,
    400 				&lowervp, cnp);
    401 		if (um->um_op == UNMNT_BELOW)
    402 			cnp->cn_cred = saved_cred;
    403 		cnp->cn_nameiop = nameiop;
    404 
    405 		if (lowervp != lowerdvp)
    406 			VOP_UNLOCK(lowerdvp, 0);
    407 
    408 		if (cnp->cn_consume != 0) {
    409 			if (uppervp != NULLVP) {
    410 				if (uppervp == upperdvp)
    411 					vrele(uppervp);
    412 				else
    413 					vput(uppervp);
    414 				uppervp = NULLVP;
    415 			}
    416 			*ap->a_vpp = lowervp;
    417 			if (!lockparent)
    418 				cnp->cn_flags &= ~LOCKPARENT;
    419 			return (lerror);
    420 		}
    421 	} else {
    422 		lerror = ENOENT;
    423 		if ((cnp->cn_flags & ISDOTDOT) && dun->un_pvp != NULLVP) {
    424 			lowervp = LOWERVP(dun->un_pvp);
    425 			if (lowervp != NULLVP) {
    426 				VREF(lowervp);
    427 				vn_lock(lowervp, LK_EXCLUSIVE | LK_RETRY);
    428 				lerror = 0;
    429 			}
    430 		}
    431 	}
    432 
    433 	if (!lockparent)
    434 		cnp->cn_flags &= ~LOCKPARENT;
    435 
    436 	/*
    437 	 * EJUSTRETURN is used by underlying filesystems to indicate that
    438 	 * a directory modification op was started successfully.
    439 	 * This will only happen in the upper layer, since
    440 	 * the lower layer only does LOOKUPs.
    441 	 * If this union is mounted read-only, bounce it now.
    442 	 */
    443 
    444 	if ((uerror == EJUSTRETURN) && (cnp->cn_flags & ISLASTCN) &&
    445 	    (dvp->v_mount->mnt_flag & MNT_RDONLY) &&
    446 	    ((cnp->cn_nameiop == CREATE) || (cnp->cn_nameiop == RENAME)))
    447 		uerror = EROFS;
    448 
    449 	/*
    450 	 * at this point, we have uerror and lerror indicating
    451 	 * possible errors with the lookups in the upper and lower
    452 	 * layers.  additionally, uppervp and lowervp are (locked)
    453 	 * references to existing vnodes in the upper and lower layers.
    454 	 *
    455 	 * there are now three cases to consider.
    456 	 * 1. if both layers returned an error, then return whatever
    457 	 *    error the upper layer generated.
    458 	 *
    459 	 * 2. if the top layer failed and the bottom layer succeeded
    460 	 *    then two subcases occur.
    461 	 *    a.  the bottom vnode is not a directory, in which
    462 	 *	  case just return a new union vnode referencing
    463 	 *	  an empty top layer and the existing bottom layer.
    464 	 *    b.  the bottom vnode is a directory, in which case
    465 	 *	  create a new directory in the top-level and
    466 	 *	  continue as in case 3.
    467 	 *
    468 	 * 3. if the top layer succeeded then return a new union
    469 	 *    vnode referencing whatever the new top layer and
    470 	 *    whatever the bottom layer returned.
    471 	 */
    472 
    473 	*ap->a_vpp = NULLVP;
    474 
    475 
    476 	/* case 1. */
    477 	if ((uerror != 0) && (lerror != 0)) {
    478 		return (uerror);
    479 	}
    480 
    481 	/* case 2. */
    482 	if (uerror != 0 /* && (lerror == 0) */ ) {
    483 		if (lowervp->v_type == VDIR) { /* case 2b. */
    484 			/*
    485 			 * We may be racing another process to make the
    486 			 * upper-level shadow directory.  Be careful with
    487 			 * locks/etc!
    488 			 */
    489 			dun->un_flags &= ~UN_ULOCK;
    490 			VOP_UNLOCK(upperdvp, 0);
    491 			uerror = union_mkshadow(um, upperdvp, cnp, &uppervp);
    492 			vn_lock(upperdvp, LK_EXCLUSIVE | LK_RETRY);
    493 			dun->un_flags |= UN_ULOCK;
    494 
    495 			if (uerror) {
    496 				if (lowervp != NULLVP) {
    497 					vput(lowervp);
    498 					lowervp = NULLVP;
    499 				}
    500 				return (uerror);
    501 			}
    502 		}
    503 	}
    504 
    505 	if (lowervp != NULLVP)
    506 		VOP_UNLOCK(lowervp, 0);
    507 
    508 	error = union_allocvp(ap->a_vpp, dvp->v_mount, dvp, upperdvp, cnp,
    509 			      uppervp, lowervp, 1);
    510 
    511 	if (error) {
    512 		if (uppervp != NULLVP)
    513 			vput(uppervp);
    514 		if (lowervp != NULLVP)
    515 			vrele(lowervp);
    516 	} else {
    517 		if (*ap->a_vpp != dvp)
    518 			if (!lockparent || !(cnp->cn_flags & ISLASTCN))
    519 				VOP_UNLOCK(dvp, 0);
    520 		if (cnp->cn_namelen == 1 &&
    521 		    cnp->cn_nameptr[0] == '.' &&
    522 		    *ap->a_vpp != dvp) {
    523 			panic("union_lookup -> . (%p) != startdir (%p)",
    524 			    ap->a_vpp, dvp);
    525 		}
    526 	}
    527 
    528 	return (error);
    529 }
    530 
    531 int
    532 union_create(v)
    533 	void *v;
    534 {
    535 	struct vop_create_args /* {
    536 		struct vnode *a_dvp;
    537 		struct vnode **a_vpp;
    538 		struct componentname *a_cnp;
    539 		struct vattr *a_vap;
    540 	} */ *ap = v;
    541 	struct union_node *un = VTOUNION(ap->a_dvp);
    542 	struct vnode *dvp = un->un_uppervp;
    543 	struct componentname *cnp = ap->a_cnp;
    544 
    545 	if (dvp != NULLVP) {
    546 		int error;
    547 		struct vnode *vp;
    548 		struct mount *mp;
    549 
    550 		FIXUP(un);
    551 
    552 		VREF(dvp);
    553 		un->un_flags |= UN_KLOCK;
    554 		mp = ap->a_dvp->v_mount;
    555 		vput(ap->a_dvp);
    556 		error = VOP_CREATE(dvp, &vp, cnp, ap->a_vap);
    557 		if (error)
    558 			return (error);
    559 
    560 		error = union_allocvp(ap->a_vpp, mp, NULLVP, NULLVP, cnp, vp,
    561 				NULLVP, 1);
    562 		if (error)
    563 			vput(vp);
    564 		return (error);
    565 	}
    566 
    567 	vput(ap->a_dvp);
    568 	return (EROFS);
    569 }
    570 
    571 int
    572 union_whiteout(v)
    573 	void *v;
    574 {
    575 	struct vop_whiteout_args /* {
    576 		struct vnode *a_dvp;
    577 		struct componentname *a_cnp;
    578 		int a_flags;
    579 	} */ *ap = v;
    580 	struct union_node *un = VTOUNION(ap->a_dvp);
    581 	struct componentname *cnp = ap->a_cnp;
    582 
    583 	if (un->un_uppervp == NULLVP)
    584 		return (EOPNOTSUPP);
    585 
    586 	FIXUP(un);
    587 	return (VOP_WHITEOUT(un->un_uppervp, cnp, ap->a_flags));
    588 }
    589 
    590 int
    591 union_mknod(v)
    592 	void *v;
    593 {
    594 	struct vop_mknod_args /* {
    595 		struct vnode *a_dvp;
    596 		struct vnode **a_vpp;
    597 		struct componentname *a_cnp;
    598 		struct vattr *a_vap;
    599 	} */ *ap = v;
    600 	struct union_node *un = VTOUNION(ap->a_dvp);
    601 	struct vnode *dvp = un->un_uppervp;
    602 	struct componentname *cnp = ap->a_cnp;
    603 
    604 	if (dvp != NULLVP) {
    605 		int error;
    606 		struct vnode *vp;
    607 		struct mount *mp;
    608 
    609 		FIXUP(un);
    610 
    611 		VREF(dvp);
    612 		un->un_flags |= UN_KLOCK;
    613 		mp = ap->a_dvp->v_mount;
    614 		vput(ap->a_dvp);
    615 		error = VOP_MKNOD(dvp, &vp, cnp, ap->a_vap);
    616 		if (error)
    617 			return (error);
    618 
    619 		error = union_allocvp(ap->a_vpp, mp, NULLVP, NULLVP,
    620 				      cnp, vp, NULLVP, 1);
    621 		if (error)
    622 		    vput(vp);
    623 		return (error);
    624 	}
    625 
    626 	vput(ap->a_dvp);
    627 	return (EROFS);
    628 }
    629 
    630 int
    631 union_open(v)
    632 	void *v;
    633 {
    634 	struct vop_open_args /* {
    635 		struct vnodeop_desc *a_desc;
    636 		struct vnode *a_vp;
    637 		int a_mode;
    638 		struct ucred *a_cred;
    639 		struct lwp *a_n;
    640 	} */ *ap = v;
    641 	struct union_node *un = VTOUNION(ap->a_vp);
    642 	struct vnode *tvp;
    643 	int mode = ap->a_mode;
    644 	struct ucred *cred = ap->a_cred;
    645 	struct lwp *p = ap->a_l;
    646 	int error;
    647 
    648 	/*
    649 	 * If there is an existing upper vp then simply open that.
    650 	 */
    651 	tvp = un->un_uppervp;
    652 	if (tvp == NULLVP) {
    653 		/*
    654 		 * If the lower vnode is being opened for writing, then
    655 		 * copy the file contents to the upper vnode and open that,
    656 		 * otherwise can simply open the lower vnode.
    657 		 */
    658 		tvp = un->un_lowervp;
    659 		if ((ap->a_mode & FWRITE) && (tvp->v_type == VREG)) {
    660 			error = union_copyup(un, (mode&O_TRUNC) == 0, cred, p);
    661 			if (error == 0)
    662 				error = VOP_OPEN(un->un_uppervp, mode, cred, p);
    663 			return (error);
    664 		}
    665 
    666 		/*
    667 		 * Just open the lower vnode, but check for nodev mount flag
    668 		 */
    669 		if ((tvp->v_type == VBLK || tvp->v_type == VCHR) &&
    670 		    (ap->a_vp->v_mount->mnt_flag & MNT_NODEV))
    671 			return ENXIO;
    672 		un->un_openl++;
    673 		vn_lock(tvp, LK_EXCLUSIVE | LK_RETRY);
    674 		error = VOP_OPEN(tvp, mode, cred, p);
    675 		VOP_UNLOCK(tvp, 0);
    676 
    677 		return (error);
    678 	}
    679 	/*
    680 	 * Just open the upper vnode, checking for nodev mount flag first
    681 	 */
    682 	if ((tvp->v_type == VBLK || tvp->v_type == VCHR) &&
    683 	    (ap->a_vp->v_mount->mnt_flag & MNT_NODEV))
    684 		return ENXIO;
    685 
    686 	FIXUP(un);
    687 
    688 	error = VOP_OPEN(tvp, mode, cred, p);
    689 
    690 	return (error);
    691 }
    692 
    693 int
    694 union_close(v)
    695 	void *v;
    696 {
    697 	struct vop_close_args /* {
    698 		struct vnode *a_vp;
    699 		int  a_fflag;
    700 		struct ucred *a_cred;
    701 		struct lwp *a_l;
    702 	} */ *ap = v;
    703 	struct union_node *un = VTOUNION(ap->a_vp);
    704 	struct vnode *vp;
    705 
    706 	vp = un->un_uppervp;
    707 	if (vp == NULLVP) {
    708 #ifdef UNION_DIAGNOSTIC
    709 		if (un->un_openl <= 0)
    710 			panic("union: un_openl cnt");
    711 #endif
    712 		--un->un_openl;
    713 		vp = un->un_lowervp;
    714 	}
    715 
    716 #ifdef DIAGNOSTIC
    717 	if (vp == NULLVP) {
    718 		vprint("empty union vnode", vp);
    719 		panic("union_close empty vnode");
    720 	}
    721 #endif
    722 
    723 	ap->a_vp = vp;
    724 	return (VCALL(vp, VOFFSET(vop_close), ap));
    725 }
    726 
    727 /*
    728  * Check access permission on the union vnode.
    729  * The access check being enforced is to check
    730  * against both the underlying vnode, and any
    731  * copied vnode.  This ensures that no additional
    732  * file permissions are given away simply because
    733  * the user caused an implicit file copy.
    734  */
    735 int
    736 union_access(v)
    737 	void *v;
    738 {
    739 	struct vop_access_args /* {
    740 		struct vnodeop_desc *a_desc;
    741 		struct vnode *a_vp;
    742 		int a_mode;
    743 		struct ucred *a_cred;
    744 		struct lwp *a_l;
    745 	} */ *ap = v;
    746 	struct vnode *vp = ap->a_vp;
    747 	struct union_node *un = VTOUNION(vp);
    748 	int error = EACCES;
    749 	struct union_mount *um = MOUNTTOUNIONMOUNT(vp->v_mount);
    750 
    751 	/*
    752 	 * Disallow write attempts on read-only file systems;
    753 	 * unless the file is a socket, fifo, or a block or
    754 	 * character device resident on the file system.
    755 	 */
    756 	if (ap->a_mode & VWRITE) {
    757 		switch (vp->v_type) {
    758 		case VDIR:
    759 		case VLNK:
    760 		case VREG:
    761 			if (vp->v_mount->mnt_flag & MNT_RDONLY)
    762 				return (EROFS);
    763 			break;
    764 		case VBAD:
    765 		case VBLK:
    766 		case VCHR:
    767 		case VSOCK:
    768 		case VFIFO:
    769 		case VNON:
    770 		default:
    771 			break;
    772 		}
    773 	}
    774 
    775 
    776 	if ((vp = un->un_uppervp) != NULLVP) {
    777 		FIXUP(un);
    778 		ap->a_vp = vp;
    779 		return (VCALL(vp, VOFFSET(vop_access), ap));
    780 	}
    781 
    782 	if ((vp = un->un_lowervp) != NULLVP) {
    783 		vn_lock(vp, LK_EXCLUSIVE | LK_RETRY);
    784 		ap->a_vp = vp;
    785 		error = VCALL(vp, VOFFSET(vop_access), ap);
    786 		if (error == 0) {
    787 			if (um->um_op == UNMNT_BELOW) {
    788 				ap->a_cred = um->um_cred;
    789 				error = VCALL(vp, VOFFSET(vop_access), ap);
    790 			}
    791 		}
    792 		VOP_UNLOCK(vp, 0);
    793 		if (error)
    794 			return (error);
    795 	}
    796 
    797 	return (error);
    798 }
    799 
    800 /*
    801  * We handle getattr only to change the fsid and
    802  * track object sizes
    803  */
    804 int
    805 union_getattr(v)
    806 	void *v;
    807 {
    808 	struct vop_getattr_args /* {
    809 		struct vnode *a_vp;
    810 		struct vattr *a_vap;
    811 		struct ucred *a_cred;
    812 		struct lwp *a_l;
    813 	} */ *ap = v;
    814 	int error;
    815 	struct union_node *un = VTOUNION(ap->a_vp);
    816 	struct vnode *vp = un->un_uppervp;
    817 	struct vattr *vap;
    818 	struct vattr va;
    819 
    820 
    821 	/*
    822 	 * Some programs walk the filesystem hierarchy by counting
    823 	 * links to directories to avoid stat'ing all the time.
    824 	 * This means the link count on directories needs to be "correct".
    825 	 * The only way to do that is to call getattr on both layers
    826 	 * and fix up the link count.  The link count will not necessarily
    827 	 * be accurate but will be large enough to defeat the tree walkers.
    828 	 *
    829 	 * To make life more interesting, some filesystems don't keep
    830 	 * track of link counts in the expected way, and return a
    831 	 * link count of `1' for those directories; if either of the
    832 	 * component directories returns a link count of `1', we return a 1.
    833 	 */
    834 
    835 	vap = ap->a_vap;
    836 
    837 	vp = un->un_uppervp;
    838 	if (vp != NULLVP) {
    839 		/*
    840 		 * It's not clear whether VOP_GETATTR is to be
    841 		 * called with the vnode locked or not.  stat() calls
    842 		 * it with (vp) locked, and fstat calls it with
    843 		 * (vp) unlocked.
    844 		 * In the mean time, compensate here by checking
    845 		 * the union_node's lock flag.
    846 		 */
    847 		if (un->un_flags & UN_LOCKED)
    848 			FIXUP(un);
    849 
    850 		error = VOP_GETATTR(vp, vap, ap->a_cred, ap->a_l);
    851 		if (error)
    852 			return (error);
    853 		union_newsize(ap->a_vp, vap->va_size, VNOVAL);
    854 	}
    855 
    856 	if (vp == NULLVP) {
    857 		vp = un->un_lowervp;
    858 	} else if (vp->v_type == VDIR) {
    859 		vp = un->un_lowervp;
    860 		if (vp != NULLVP)
    861 			vap = &va;
    862 	} else {
    863 		vp = NULLVP;
    864 	}
    865 
    866 	if (vp != NULLVP) {
    867 		error = VOP_GETATTR(vp, vap, ap->a_cred, ap->a_l);
    868 		if (error)
    869 			return (error);
    870 		union_newsize(ap->a_vp, VNOVAL, vap->va_size);
    871 	}
    872 
    873 	if ((vap != ap->a_vap) && (vap->va_type == VDIR)) {
    874 		/*
    875 		 * Link count manipulation:
    876 		 *	- If both return "2", return 2 (no subdirs)
    877 		 *	- If one or the other return "1", return "1" (ENOCLUE)
    878 		 */
    879 		if ((ap->a_vap->va_nlink == 2) &&
    880 		    (vap->va_nlink == 2))
    881 			;
    882 		else if (ap->a_vap->va_nlink != 1) {
    883 			if (vap->va_nlink == 1)
    884 				ap->a_vap->va_nlink = 1;
    885 			else
    886 				ap->a_vap->va_nlink += vap->va_nlink;
    887 		}
    888 	}
    889 	ap->a_vap->va_fsid = ap->a_vp->v_mount->mnt_stat.f_fsid.val[0];
    890 	return (0);
    891 }
    892 
    893 int
    894 union_setattr(v)
    895 	void *v;
    896 {
    897 	struct vop_setattr_args /* {
    898 		struct vnode *a_vp;
    899 		struct vattr *a_vap;
    900 		struct ucred *a_cred;
    901 		struct lwp *a_l;
    902 	} */ *ap = v;
    903 	struct vattr *vap = ap->a_vap;
    904 	struct vnode *vp = ap->a_vp;
    905 	struct union_node *un = VTOUNION(vp);
    906 	int error;
    907 
    908   	if ((vap->va_flags != VNOVAL || vap->va_uid != (uid_t)VNOVAL ||
    909 	    vap->va_gid != (gid_t)VNOVAL || vap->va_atime.tv_sec != VNOVAL ||
    910 	    vap->va_mtime.tv_sec != VNOVAL || vap->va_mode != (mode_t)VNOVAL) &&
    911 	    (vp->v_mount->mnt_flag & MNT_RDONLY))
    912 		return (EROFS);
    913 	if (vap->va_size != VNOVAL) {
    914  		switch (vp->v_type) {
    915  		case VDIR:
    916  			return (EISDIR);
    917  		case VCHR:
    918  		case VBLK:
    919  		case VSOCK:
    920  		case VFIFO:
    921 			break;
    922 		case VREG:
    923 		case VLNK:
    924  		default:
    925 			/*
    926 			 * Disallow write attempts if the filesystem is
    927 			 * mounted read-only.
    928 			 */
    929 			if (vp->v_mount->mnt_flag & MNT_RDONLY)
    930 				return (EROFS);
    931 		}
    932 	}
    933 
    934 	/*
    935 	 * Handle case of truncating lower object to zero size,
    936 	 * by creating a zero length upper object.  This is to
    937 	 * handle the case of open with O_TRUNC and O_CREAT.
    938 	 */
    939 	if ((un->un_uppervp == NULLVP) &&
    940 	    /* assert(un->un_lowervp != NULLVP) */
    941 	    (un->un_lowervp->v_type == VREG)) {
    942 		error = union_copyup(un, (vap->va_size != 0),
    943 						ap->a_cred, ap->a_l);
    944 		if (error)
    945 			return (error);
    946 	}
    947 
    948 	/*
    949 	 * Try to set attributes in upper layer,
    950 	 * otherwise return read-only filesystem error.
    951 	 */
    952 	if (un->un_uppervp != NULLVP) {
    953 		FIXUP(un);
    954 		error = VOP_SETATTR(un->un_uppervp, vap,
    955 					ap->a_cred, ap->a_l);
    956 		if ((error == 0) && (vap->va_size != VNOVAL))
    957 			union_newsize(ap->a_vp, vap->va_size, VNOVAL);
    958 	} else {
    959 		error = EROFS;
    960 	}
    961 
    962 	return (error);
    963 }
    964 
    965 int
    966 union_read(v)
    967 	void *v;
    968 {
    969 	struct vop_read_args /* {
    970 		struct vnode *a_vp;
    971 		struct uio *a_uio;
    972 		int  a_ioflag;
    973 		struct ucred *a_cred;
    974 	} */ *ap = v;
    975 	int error;
    976 	struct vnode *vp = OTHERVP(ap->a_vp);
    977 	int dolock = (vp == LOWERVP(ap->a_vp));
    978 
    979 	if (dolock)
    980 		vn_lock(vp, LK_EXCLUSIVE | LK_RETRY);
    981 	else
    982 		FIXUP(VTOUNION(ap->a_vp));
    983 	error = VOP_READ(vp, ap->a_uio, ap->a_ioflag, ap->a_cred);
    984 	if (dolock)
    985 		VOP_UNLOCK(vp, 0);
    986 
    987 	/*
    988 	 * XXX
    989 	 * perhaps the size of the underlying object has changed under
    990 	 * our feet.  take advantage of the offset information present
    991 	 * in the uio structure.
    992 	 */
    993 	if (error == 0) {
    994 		struct union_node *un = VTOUNION(ap->a_vp);
    995 		off_t cur = ap->a_uio->uio_offset;
    996 
    997 		if (vp == un->un_uppervp) {
    998 			if (cur > un->un_uppersz)
    999 				union_newsize(ap->a_vp, cur, VNOVAL);
   1000 		} else {
   1001 			if (cur > un->un_lowersz)
   1002 				union_newsize(ap->a_vp, VNOVAL, cur);
   1003 		}
   1004 	}
   1005 
   1006 	return (error);
   1007 }
   1008 
   1009 int
   1010 union_write(v)
   1011 	void *v;
   1012 {
   1013 	struct vop_read_args /* {
   1014 		struct vnode *a_vp;
   1015 		struct uio *a_uio;
   1016 		int  a_ioflag;
   1017 		struct ucred *a_cred;
   1018 	} */ *ap = v;
   1019 	int error;
   1020 	struct vnode *vp;
   1021 	struct union_node *un = VTOUNION(ap->a_vp);
   1022 
   1023 	vp = UPPERVP(ap->a_vp);
   1024 	if (vp == NULLVP)
   1025 		panic("union: missing upper layer in write");
   1026 
   1027 	FIXUP(un);
   1028 	error = VOP_WRITE(vp, ap->a_uio, ap->a_ioflag, ap->a_cred);
   1029 
   1030 	/*
   1031 	 * the size of the underlying object may be changed by the
   1032 	 * write.
   1033 	 */
   1034 	if (error == 0) {
   1035 		off_t cur = ap->a_uio->uio_offset;
   1036 
   1037 		if (cur > un->un_uppersz)
   1038 			union_newsize(ap->a_vp, cur, VNOVAL);
   1039 	}
   1040 
   1041 	return (error);
   1042 }
   1043 
   1044 int
   1045 union_lease(v)
   1046 	void *v;
   1047 {
   1048 	struct vop_lease_args /* {
   1049 		struct vnode *a_vp;
   1050 		struct lwp *a_l;
   1051 		struct ucred *a_cred;
   1052 		int a_flag;
   1053 	} */ *ap = v;
   1054 	struct vnode *ovp = OTHERVP(ap->a_vp);
   1055 
   1056 	ap->a_vp = ovp;
   1057 	return (VCALL(ovp, VOFFSET(vop_lease), ap));
   1058 }
   1059 
   1060 int
   1061 union_ioctl(v)
   1062 	void *v;
   1063 {
   1064 	struct vop_ioctl_args /* {
   1065 		struct vnode *a_vp;
   1066 		int  a_command;
   1067 		caddr_t  a_data;
   1068 		int  a_fflag;
   1069 		struct ucred *a_cred;
   1070 		struct lwp *a_l;
   1071 	} */ *ap = v;
   1072 	struct vnode *ovp = OTHERVP(ap->a_vp);
   1073 
   1074 	ap->a_vp = ovp;
   1075 	return (VCALL(ovp, VOFFSET(vop_ioctl), ap));
   1076 }
   1077 
   1078 int
   1079 union_poll(v)
   1080 	void *v;
   1081 {
   1082 	struct vop_poll_args /* {
   1083 		struct vnode *a_vp;
   1084 		int a_events;
   1085 		struct lwp *a_l;
   1086 	} */ *ap = v;
   1087 	struct vnode *ovp = OTHERVP(ap->a_vp);
   1088 
   1089 	ap->a_vp = ovp;
   1090 	return (VCALL(ovp, VOFFSET(vop_poll), ap));
   1091 }
   1092 
   1093 int
   1094 union_revoke(v)
   1095 	void *v;
   1096 {
   1097 	struct vop_revoke_args /* {
   1098 		struct vnode *a_vp;
   1099 		int a_flags;
   1100 		struct lwp *a_l;
   1101 	} */ *ap = v;
   1102 	struct vnode *vp = ap->a_vp;
   1103 
   1104 	if (UPPERVP(vp))
   1105 		VOP_REVOKE(UPPERVP(vp), ap->a_flags);
   1106 	if (LOWERVP(vp))
   1107 		VOP_REVOKE(LOWERVP(vp), ap->a_flags);
   1108 	vgone(vp);
   1109 	return (0);
   1110 }
   1111 
   1112 int
   1113 union_mmap(v)
   1114 	void *v;
   1115 {
   1116 	struct vop_mmap_args /* {
   1117 		struct vnode *a_vp;
   1118 		int  a_fflags;
   1119 		struct ucred *a_cred;
   1120 		struct lwe *a_l;
   1121 	} */ *ap = v;
   1122 	struct vnode *ovp = OTHERVP(ap->a_vp);
   1123 
   1124 	ap->a_vp = ovp;
   1125 	return (VCALL(ovp, VOFFSET(vop_mmap), ap));
   1126 }
   1127 
   1128 int
   1129 union_fsync(v)
   1130 	void *v;
   1131 {
   1132 	struct vop_fsync_args /* {
   1133 		struct vnode *a_vp;
   1134 		struct ucred *a_cred;
   1135 		int  a_flags;
   1136 		off_t offhi;
   1137 		off_t offlo;
   1138 		struct lwp *a_l;
   1139 	} */ *ap = v;
   1140 	int error = 0;
   1141 	struct vnode *targetvp;
   1142 
   1143 	/*
   1144 	 * If vinvalbuf is calling us, it's a "shallow fsync" -- don't
   1145 	 * bother syncing the underlying vnodes, since (a) they'll be
   1146 	 * fsync'ed when reclaimed and (b) we could deadlock if
   1147 	 * they're locked; otherwise, pass it through to the
   1148 	 * underlying layer.
   1149 	 */
   1150 	if (ap->a_flags & FSYNC_RECLAIM)
   1151 		return 0;
   1152 
   1153 	targetvp = OTHERVP(ap->a_vp);
   1154 
   1155 	if (targetvp != NULLVP) {
   1156 		int dolock = (targetvp == LOWERVP(ap->a_vp));
   1157 
   1158 		if (dolock)
   1159 			vn_lock(targetvp, LK_EXCLUSIVE | LK_RETRY);
   1160 		else
   1161 			FIXUP(VTOUNION(ap->a_vp));
   1162 		error = VOP_FSYNC(targetvp, ap->a_cred, ap->a_flags,
   1163 			    ap->a_offlo, ap->a_offhi, ap->a_l);
   1164 		if (dolock)
   1165 			VOP_UNLOCK(targetvp, 0);
   1166 	}
   1167 
   1168 	return (error);
   1169 }
   1170 
   1171 int
   1172 union_seek(v)
   1173 	void *v;
   1174 {
   1175 	struct vop_seek_args /* {
   1176 		struct vnode *a_vp;
   1177 		off_t  a_oldoff;
   1178 		off_t  a_newoff;
   1179 		struct ucred *a_cred;
   1180 	} */ *ap = v;
   1181 	struct vnode *ovp = OTHERVP(ap->a_vp);
   1182 
   1183 	ap->a_vp = ovp;
   1184 	return (VCALL(ovp, VOFFSET(vop_seek), ap));
   1185 }
   1186 
   1187 int
   1188 union_remove(v)
   1189 	void *v;
   1190 {
   1191 	struct vop_remove_args /* {
   1192 		struct vnode *a_dvp;
   1193 		struct vnode *a_vp;
   1194 		struct componentname *a_cnp;
   1195 	} */ *ap = v;
   1196 	int error;
   1197 	struct union_node *dun = VTOUNION(ap->a_dvp);
   1198 	struct union_node *un = VTOUNION(ap->a_vp);
   1199 	struct componentname *cnp = ap->a_cnp;
   1200 
   1201 	if (dun->un_uppervp == NULLVP)
   1202 		panic("union remove: null upper vnode");
   1203 
   1204 	if (un->un_uppervp != NULLVP) {
   1205 		struct vnode *dvp = dun->un_uppervp;
   1206 		struct vnode *vp = un->un_uppervp;
   1207 
   1208 		FIXUP(dun);
   1209 		VREF(dvp);
   1210 		dun->un_flags |= UN_KLOCK;
   1211 		vput(ap->a_dvp);
   1212 		FIXUP(un);
   1213 		VREF(vp);
   1214 		un->un_flags |= UN_KLOCK;
   1215 		vput(ap->a_vp);
   1216 
   1217 		if (union_dowhiteout(un, cnp->cn_cred, cnp->cn_lwp))
   1218 			cnp->cn_flags |= DOWHITEOUT;
   1219 		error = VOP_REMOVE(dvp, vp, cnp);
   1220 		if (!error)
   1221 			union_removed_upper(un);
   1222 	} else {
   1223 		FIXUP(dun);
   1224 		error = union_mkwhiteout(
   1225 			MOUNTTOUNIONMOUNT(UNIONTOV(dun)->v_mount),
   1226 			dun->un_uppervp, ap->a_cnp, un->un_path);
   1227 		vput(ap->a_dvp);
   1228 		vput(ap->a_vp);
   1229 	}
   1230 
   1231 	return (error);
   1232 }
   1233 
   1234 int
   1235 union_link(v)
   1236 	void *v;
   1237 {
   1238 	struct vop_link_args /* {
   1239 		struct vnode *a_dvp;
   1240 		struct vnode *a_vp;
   1241 		struct componentname *a_cnp;
   1242 	} */ *ap = v;
   1243 	int error = 0;
   1244 	struct componentname *cnp = ap->a_cnp;
   1245 	struct lwp *p = cnp->cn_lwp;
   1246 	struct union_node *dun;
   1247 	struct vnode *vp;
   1248 	struct vnode *dvp;
   1249 
   1250 	dun = VTOUNION(ap->a_dvp);
   1251 
   1252 #ifdef DIAGNOSTIC
   1253 	if (!(ap->a_cnp->cn_flags & LOCKPARENT)) {
   1254 		printf("union_link called without LOCKPARENT set!\n");
   1255 		error = EIO; /* need some error code for "caller is a bozo" */
   1256 	} else
   1257 #endif
   1258 
   1259 
   1260 	if (ap->a_dvp->v_op != ap->a_vp->v_op) {
   1261 		vp = ap->a_vp;
   1262 	} else {
   1263 		struct union_node *un = VTOUNION(ap->a_vp);
   1264 		if (un->un_uppervp == NULLVP) {
   1265 			/*
   1266 			 * Needs to be copied before we can link it.
   1267 			 */
   1268 			vn_lock(ap->a_vp, LK_EXCLUSIVE | LK_RETRY);
   1269 			if (dun->un_uppervp == un->un_dirvp) {
   1270 				dun->un_flags &= ~UN_ULOCK;
   1271 				VOP_UNLOCK(dun->un_uppervp, 0);
   1272 			}
   1273 			error = union_copyup(un, 1, cnp->cn_cred, p);
   1274 			if (dun->un_uppervp == un->un_dirvp) {
   1275 				/*
   1276 				 * During copyup, we dropped the lock on the
   1277 				 * dir and invalidated any saved namei lookup
   1278 				 * state for the directory we'll be entering
   1279 				 * the link in.  We need to re-run the lookup
   1280 				 * in that directory to reset any state needed
   1281 				 * for VOP_LINK.
   1282 				 * Call relookup on the union-layer to reset
   1283 				 * the state.
   1284 				 */
   1285 				vp  = NULLVP;
   1286 				if (dun->un_uppervp == NULLVP)
   1287 					 panic("union: null upperdvp?");
   1288 				/*
   1289 				 * relookup starts with an unlocked node,
   1290 				 * and since LOCKPARENT is set returns
   1291 				 * the starting directory locked.
   1292 				 */
   1293 				VOP_UNLOCK(ap->a_dvp, 0);
   1294 				error = relookup(ap->a_dvp, &vp, ap->a_cnp);
   1295 				if (error) {
   1296 					vrele(ap->a_dvp);
   1297 					VOP_UNLOCK(ap->a_vp, 0);
   1298 					return EROFS;	/* ? */
   1299 				}
   1300 				if (vp != NULLVP) {
   1301 					/*
   1302 					 * The name we want to create has
   1303 					 * mysteriously appeared (a race?)
   1304 					 */
   1305 					error = EEXIST;
   1306 					VOP_UNLOCK(ap->a_vp, 0);
   1307 					goto croak;
   1308 				}
   1309 			}
   1310 			VOP_UNLOCK(ap->a_vp, 0);
   1311 		}
   1312 		vp = un->un_uppervp;
   1313 	}
   1314 
   1315 	dvp = dun->un_uppervp;
   1316 	if (dvp == NULLVP)
   1317 		error = EROFS;
   1318 
   1319 	if (error) {
   1320 croak:
   1321 		vput(ap->a_dvp);
   1322 		return (error);
   1323 	}
   1324 
   1325 	FIXUP(dun);
   1326 	VREF(dvp);
   1327 	dun->un_flags |= UN_KLOCK;
   1328 	vput(ap->a_dvp);
   1329 
   1330 	return (VOP_LINK(dvp, vp, cnp));
   1331 }
   1332 
   1333 int
   1334 union_rename(v)
   1335 	void *v;
   1336 {
   1337 	struct vop_rename_args  /* {
   1338 		struct vnode *a_fdvp;
   1339 		struct vnode *a_fvp;
   1340 		struct componentname *a_fcnp;
   1341 		struct vnode *a_tdvp;
   1342 		struct vnode *a_tvp;
   1343 		struct componentname *a_tcnp;
   1344 	} */ *ap = v;
   1345 	int error;
   1346 
   1347 	struct vnode *fdvp = ap->a_fdvp;
   1348 	struct vnode *fvp = ap->a_fvp;
   1349 	struct vnode *tdvp = ap->a_tdvp;
   1350 	struct vnode *tvp = ap->a_tvp;
   1351 
   1352 	if (fdvp->v_op == union_vnodeop_p) {	/* always true */
   1353 		struct union_node *un = VTOUNION(fdvp);
   1354 		if (un->un_uppervp == NULLVP) {
   1355 			/*
   1356 			 * this should never happen in normal
   1357 			 * operation but might if there was
   1358 			 * a problem creating the top-level shadow
   1359 			 * directory.
   1360 			 */
   1361 			error = EXDEV;
   1362 			goto bad;
   1363 		}
   1364 
   1365 		fdvp = un->un_uppervp;
   1366 		VREF(fdvp);
   1367 		vrele(ap->a_fdvp);
   1368 	}
   1369 
   1370 	if (fvp->v_op == union_vnodeop_p) {	/* always true */
   1371 		struct union_node *un = VTOUNION(fvp);
   1372 		if (un->un_uppervp == NULLVP) {
   1373 			/* XXX: should do a copyup */
   1374 			error = EXDEV;
   1375 			goto bad;
   1376 		}
   1377 
   1378 		if (un->un_lowervp != NULLVP)
   1379 			ap->a_fcnp->cn_flags |= DOWHITEOUT;
   1380 
   1381 		fvp = un->un_uppervp;
   1382 		VREF(fvp);
   1383 		vrele(ap->a_fvp);
   1384 	}
   1385 
   1386 	if (tdvp->v_op == union_vnodeop_p) {
   1387 		struct union_node *un = VTOUNION(tdvp);
   1388 		if (un->un_uppervp == NULLVP) {
   1389 			/*
   1390 			 * this should never happen in normal
   1391 			 * operation but might if there was
   1392 			 * a problem creating the top-level shadow
   1393 			 * directory.
   1394 			 */
   1395 			error = EXDEV;
   1396 			goto bad;
   1397 		}
   1398 
   1399 		tdvp = un->un_uppervp;
   1400 		VREF(tdvp);
   1401 		un->un_flags |= UN_KLOCK;
   1402 		vput(ap->a_tdvp);
   1403 	}
   1404 
   1405 	if (tvp != NULLVP && tvp->v_op == union_vnodeop_p) {
   1406 		struct union_node *un = VTOUNION(tvp);
   1407 
   1408 		tvp = un->un_uppervp;
   1409 		if (tvp != NULLVP) {
   1410 			VREF(tvp);
   1411 			un->un_flags |= UN_KLOCK;
   1412 		}
   1413 		vput(ap->a_tvp);
   1414 	}
   1415 
   1416 	return (VOP_RENAME(fdvp, fvp, ap->a_fcnp, tdvp, tvp, ap->a_tcnp));
   1417 
   1418 bad:
   1419 	vrele(fdvp);
   1420 	vrele(fvp);
   1421 	vput(tdvp);
   1422 	if (tvp != NULLVP)
   1423 		vput(tvp);
   1424 
   1425 	return (error);
   1426 }
   1427 
   1428 int
   1429 union_mkdir(v)
   1430 	void *v;
   1431 {
   1432 	struct vop_mkdir_args /* {
   1433 		struct vnode *a_dvp;
   1434 		struct vnode **a_vpp;
   1435 		struct componentname *a_cnp;
   1436 		struct vattr *a_vap;
   1437 	} */ *ap = v;
   1438 	struct union_node *un = VTOUNION(ap->a_dvp);
   1439 	struct vnode *dvp = un->un_uppervp;
   1440 	struct componentname *cnp = ap->a_cnp;
   1441 
   1442 	if (dvp != NULLVP) {
   1443 		int error;
   1444 		struct vnode *vp;
   1445 
   1446 		FIXUP(un);
   1447 		VREF(dvp);
   1448 		un->un_flags |= UN_KLOCK;
   1449 		VOP_UNLOCK(ap->a_dvp, 0);
   1450 		error = VOP_MKDIR(dvp, &vp, cnp, ap->a_vap);
   1451 		if (error) {
   1452 			vrele(ap->a_dvp);
   1453 			return (error);
   1454 		}
   1455 
   1456 		error = union_allocvp(ap->a_vpp, ap->a_dvp->v_mount, ap->a_dvp,
   1457 				NULLVP, cnp, vp, NULLVP, 1);
   1458 		vrele(ap->a_dvp);
   1459 		if (error)
   1460 			vput(vp);
   1461 		return (error);
   1462 	}
   1463 
   1464 	vput(ap->a_dvp);
   1465 	return (EROFS);
   1466 }
   1467 
   1468 int
   1469 union_rmdir(v)
   1470 	void *v;
   1471 {
   1472 	struct vop_rmdir_args /* {
   1473 		struct vnode *a_dvp;
   1474 		struct vnode *a_vp;
   1475 		struct componentname *a_cnp;
   1476 	} */ *ap = v;
   1477 	int error;
   1478 	struct union_node *dun = VTOUNION(ap->a_dvp);
   1479 	struct union_node *un = VTOUNION(ap->a_vp);
   1480 	struct componentname *cnp = ap->a_cnp;
   1481 
   1482 	if (dun->un_uppervp == NULLVP)
   1483 		panic("union rmdir: null upper vnode");
   1484 
   1485 	if (un->un_uppervp != NULLVP) {
   1486 		struct vnode *dvp = dun->un_uppervp;
   1487 		struct vnode *vp = un->un_uppervp;
   1488 
   1489 		FIXUP(dun);
   1490 		VREF(dvp);
   1491 		dun->un_flags |= UN_KLOCK;
   1492 		vput(ap->a_dvp);
   1493 		FIXUP(un);
   1494 		VREF(vp);
   1495 		un->un_flags |= UN_KLOCK;
   1496 		vput(ap->a_vp);
   1497 
   1498 		if (union_dowhiteout(un, cnp->cn_cred, cnp->cn_lwp))
   1499 			cnp->cn_flags |= DOWHITEOUT;
   1500 		error = VOP_RMDIR(dvp, vp, ap->a_cnp);
   1501 		if (!error)
   1502 			union_removed_upper(un);
   1503 	} else {
   1504 		FIXUP(dun);
   1505 		error = union_mkwhiteout(
   1506 			MOUNTTOUNIONMOUNT(UNIONTOV(dun)->v_mount),
   1507 			dun->un_uppervp, ap->a_cnp, un->un_path);
   1508 		vput(ap->a_dvp);
   1509 		vput(ap->a_vp);
   1510 	}
   1511 
   1512 	return (error);
   1513 }
   1514 
   1515 int
   1516 union_symlink(v)
   1517 	void *v;
   1518 {
   1519 	struct vop_symlink_args /* {
   1520 		struct vnode *a_dvp;
   1521 		struct vnode **a_vpp;
   1522 		struct componentname *a_cnp;
   1523 		struct vattr *a_vap;
   1524 		char *a_target;
   1525 	} */ *ap = v;
   1526 	struct union_node *un = VTOUNION(ap->a_dvp);
   1527 	struct vnode *dvp = un->un_uppervp;
   1528 	struct componentname *cnp = ap->a_cnp;
   1529 
   1530 	if (dvp != NULLVP) {
   1531 		int error;
   1532 
   1533 		FIXUP(un);
   1534 		VREF(dvp);
   1535 		un->un_flags |= UN_KLOCK;
   1536 		vput(ap->a_dvp);
   1537 		error = VOP_SYMLINK(dvp, ap->a_vpp, cnp, ap->a_vap,
   1538 				    ap->a_target);
   1539 		return (error);
   1540 	}
   1541 
   1542 	vput(ap->a_dvp);
   1543 	return (EROFS);
   1544 }
   1545 
   1546 /*
   1547  * union_readdir works in concert with getdirentries and
   1548  * readdir(3) to provide a list of entries in the unioned
   1549  * directories.  getdirentries is responsible for walking
   1550  * down the union stack.  readdir(3) is responsible for
   1551  * eliminating duplicate names from the returned data stream.
   1552  */
   1553 int
   1554 union_readdir(v)
   1555 	void *v;
   1556 {
   1557 	struct vop_readdir_args /* {
   1558 		struct vnodeop_desc *a_desc;
   1559 		struct vnode *a_vp;
   1560 		struct uio *a_uio;
   1561 		struct ucred *a_cred;
   1562 		int *a_eofflag;
   1563 		u_long *a_cookies;
   1564 		int a_ncookies;
   1565 	} */ *ap = v;
   1566 	struct union_node *un = VTOUNION(ap->a_vp);
   1567 	struct vnode *uvp = un->un_uppervp;
   1568 
   1569 	if (uvp == NULLVP)
   1570 		return (0);
   1571 
   1572 	FIXUP(un);
   1573 	ap->a_vp = uvp;
   1574 	return (VCALL(uvp, VOFFSET(vop_readdir), ap));
   1575 }
   1576 
   1577 int
   1578 union_readlink(v)
   1579 	void *v;
   1580 {
   1581 	struct vop_readlink_args /* {
   1582 		struct vnode *a_vp;
   1583 		struct uio *a_uio;
   1584 		struct ucred *a_cred;
   1585 	} */ *ap = v;
   1586 	int error;
   1587 	struct vnode *vp = OTHERVP(ap->a_vp);
   1588 	int dolock = (vp == LOWERVP(ap->a_vp));
   1589 
   1590 	if (dolock)
   1591 		vn_lock(vp, LK_EXCLUSIVE | LK_RETRY);
   1592 	else
   1593 		FIXUP(VTOUNION(ap->a_vp));
   1594 	ap->a_vp = vp;
   1595 	error = VCALL(vp, VOFFSET(vop_readlink), ap);
   1596 	if (dolock)
   1597 		VOP_UNLOCK(vp, 0);
   1598 
   1599 	return (error);
   1600 }
   1601 
   1602 int
   1603 union_abortop(v)
   1604 	void *v;
   1605 {
   1606 	struct vop_abortop_args /* {
   1607 		struct vnode *a_dvp;
   1608 		struct componentname *a_cnp;
   1609 	} */ *ap = v;
   1610 	int error;
   1611 	struct vnode *vp = OTHERVP(ap->a_dvp);
   1612 	struct union_node *un = VTOUNION(ap->a_dvp);
   1613 	int islocked = un->un_flags & UN_LOCKED;
   1614 	int dolock = (vp == LOWERVP(ap->a_dvp));
   1615 
   1616 	if (islocked) {
   1617 		if (dolock)
   1618 			vn_lock(vp, LK_EXCLUSIVE | LK_RETRY);
   1619 		else
   1620 			FIXUP(VTOUNION(ap->a_dvp));
   1621 	}
   1622 	ap->a_dvp = vp;
   1623 	error = VCALL(vp, VOFFSET(vop_abortop), ap);
   1624 	if (islocked && dolock)
   1625 		VOP_UNLOCK(vp, 0);
   1626 
   1627 	return (error);
   1628 }
   1629 
   1630 int
   1631 union_inactive(v)
   1632 	void *v;
   1633 {
   1634 	struct vop_inactive_args /* {
   1635 		struct vnode *a_vp;
   1636 		struct lwp *a_l;
   1637 	} */ *ap = v;
   1638 	struct vnode *vp = ap->a_vp;
   1639 	struct union_node *un = VTOUNION(vp);
   1640 	struct vnode **vpp;
   1641 
   1642 	/*
   1643 	 * Do nothing (and _don't_ bypass).
   1644 	 * Wait to vrele lowervp until reclaim,
   1645 	 * so that until then our union_node is in the
   1646 	 * cache and reusable.
   1647 	 *
   1648 	 * NEEDSWORK: Someday, consider inactive'ing
   1649 	 * the lowervp and then trying to reactivate it
   1650 	 * with capabilities (v_id)
   1651 	 * like they do in the name lookup cache code.
   1652 	 * That's too much work for now.
   1653 	 */
   1654 
   1655 	if (un->un_dircache != 0) {
   1656 		for (vpp = un->un_dircache; *vpp != NULLVP; vpp++)
   1657 			vrele(*vpp);
   1658 		free(un->un_dircache, M_TEMP);
   1659 		un->un_dircache = 0;
   1660 	}
   1661 
   1662 	VOP_UNLOCK(vp, 0);
   1663 
   1664 	if ((un->un_flags & UN_CACHED) == 0)
   1665 		vgone(vp);
   1666 
   1667 	return (0);
   1668 }
   1669 
   1670 int
   1671 union_reclaim(v)
   1672 	void *v;
   1673 {
   1674 	struct vop_reclaim_args /* {
   1675 		struct vnode *a_vp;
   1676 	} */ *ap = v;
   1677 
   1678 	union_freevp(ap->a_vp);
   1679 
   1680 	return (0);
   1681 }
   1682 
   1683 int
   1684 union_lock(v)
   1685 	void *v;
   1686 {
   1687 	struct vop_lock_args /* {
   1688 		struct vnode *a_vp;
   1689 		int a_flags;
   1690 	} */ *ap = v;
   1691 	struct vnode *vp = ap->a_vp;
   1692 	int flags = ap->a_flags;
   1693 	struct union_node *un;
   1694 	int error;
   1695 #ifdef DIAGNOSTIC
   1696 	int drain = 0;
   1697 #endif
   1698 
   1699 	genfs_nolock(ap);
   1700 	/*
   1701 	 * Need to do real lockmgr-style locking here.
   1702 	 * in the mean time, draining won't work quite right,
   1703 	 * which could lead to a few race conditions.
   1704 	 * the following test was here, but is not quite right, we
   1705 	 * still need to take the lock:
   1706 	if ((flags & LK_TYPE_MASK) == LK_DRAIN)
   1707 		return (0);
   1708 	 */
   1709 	flags &= ~LK_INTERLOCK;
   1710 
   1711 	un = VTOUNION(vp);
   1712 #ifdef DIAGNOSTIC
   1713 	if (un->un_flags & (UN_DRAINING|UN_DRAINED)) {
   1714 		if (un->un_flags & UN_DRAINED)
   1715 			panic("union: %p: warning: locking decommissioned lock", vp);
   1716 		if ((flags & LK_TYPE_MASK) != LK_RELEASE)
   1717 			panic("union: %p: non-release on draining lock: %d",
   1718 			    vp, flags & LK_TYPE_MASK);
   1719 		un->un_flags &= ~UN_DRAINING;
   1720 		if ((flags & LK_REENABLE) == 0)
   1721 			un->un_flags |= UN_DRAINED;
   1722 	}
   1723 #endif
   1724 
   1725 	/*
   1726 	 * Don't pass DRAIN through to sub-vnode lock; keep track of
   1727 	 * DRAIN state at this level, and just get an exclusive lock
   1728 	 * on the underlying vnode.
   1729 	 */
   1730 	if ((flags & LK_TYPE_MASK) == LK_DRAIN) {
   1731 #ifdef DIAGNOSTIC
   1732 		drain = 1;
   1733 #endif
   1734 		flags = LK_EXCLUSIVE | (flags & ~LK_TYPE_MASK);
   1735 	}
   1736 start:
   1737 	un = VTOUNION(vp);
   1738 
   1739 	if (un->un_uppervp != NULLVP) {
   1740 		if (((un->un_flags & UN_ULOCK) == 0) &&
   1741 		    (vp->v_usecount != 0)) {
   1742 			/*
   1743 			 * We MUST always use the order of: take upper
   1744 			 * vp lock, manipulate union node flags, drop
   1745 			 * upper vp lock.  This code must not be an
   1746 			 */
   1747 			error = vn_lock(un->un_uppervp, flags);
   1748 			if (error)
   1749 				return (error);
   1750 			un->un_flags |= UN_ULOCK;
   1751 		}
   1752 #ifdef DIAGNOSTIC
   1753 		if (un->un_flags & UN_KLOCK) {
   1754 			vprint("union: dangling klock", vp);
   1755 			panic("union: dangling upper lock (%p)", vp);
   1756 		}
   1757 #endif
   1758 	}
   1759 
   1760 	/* XXX ignores LK_NOWAIT */
   1761 	if (un->un_flags & UN_LOCKED) {
   1762 #ifdef DIAGNOSTIC
   1763 		if (curproc && un->un_pid == curproc->p_pid &&
   1764 			    un->un_pid > -1 && curproc->p_pid > -1)
   1765 			panic("union: locking against myself");
   1766 #endif
   1767 		un->un_flags |= UN_WANTED;
   1768 		tsleep((caddr_t)&un->un_flags, PINOD, "unionlk2", 0);
   1769 		goto start;
   1770 	}
   1771 
   1772 #ifdef DIAGNOSTIC
   1773 	if (curproc)
   1774 		un->un_pid = curproc->p_pid;
   1775 	else
   1776 		un->un_pid = -1;
   1777 	if (drain)
   1778 		un->un_flags |= UN_DRAINING;
   1779 #endif
   1780 
   1781 	un->un_flags |= UN_LOCKED;
   1782 	return (0);
   1783 }
   1784 
   1785 /*
   1786  * When operations want to vput() a union node yet retain a lock on
   1787  * the upper vnode (say, to do some further operations like link(),
   1788  * mkdir(), ...), they set UN_KLOCK on the union node, then call
   1789  * vput() which calls VOP_UNLOCK() and comes here.  union_unlock()
   1790  * unlocks the union node (leaving the upper vnode alone), clears the
   1791  * KLOCK flag, and then returns to vput().  The caller then does whatever
   1792  * is left to do with the upper vnode, and ensures that it gets unlocked.
   1793  *
   1794  * If UN_KLOCK isn't set, then the upper vnode is unlocked here.
   1795  */
   1796 int
   1797 union_unlock(v)
   1798 	void *v;
   1799 {
   1800 	struct vop_unlock_args /* {
   1801 		struct vnode *a_vp;
   1802 		int a_flags;
   1803 	} */ *ap = v;
   1804 	struct union_node *un = VTOUNION(ap->a_vp);
   1805 
   1806 #ifdef DIAGNOSTIC
   1807 	if ((un->un_flags & UN_LOCKED) == 0)
   1808 		panic("union: unlock unlocked node");
   1809 	if (curproc && un->un_pid != curproc->p_pid &&
   1810 			curproc->p_pid > -1 && un->un_pid > -1)
   1811 		panic("union: unlocking other process's union node");
   1812 	if (un->un_flags & UN_DRAINED)
   1813 		panic("union: %p: warning: unlocking decommissioned lock", ap->a_vp);
   1814 #endif
   1815 
   1816 	un->un_flags &= ~UN_LOCKED;
   1817 
   1818 	if ((un->un_flags & (UN_ULOCK|UN_KLOCK)) == UN_ULOCK)
   1819 		VOP_UNLOCK(un->un_uppervp, 0);
   1820 
   1821 	un->un_flags &= ~(UN_ULOCK|UN_KLOCK);
   1822 
   1823 	if (un->un_flags & UN_WANTED) {
   1824 		un->un_flags &= ~UN_WANTED;
   1825 		wakeup((caddr_t) &un->un_flags);
   1826 	}
   1827 
   1828 #ifdef DIAGNOSTIC
   1829 	un->un_pid = 0;
   1830 	if (un->un_flags & UN_DRAINING) {
   1831 		un->un_flags |= UN_DRAINED;
   1832 		un->un_flags &= ~UN_DRAINING;
   1833 	}
   1834 #endif
   1835 	genfs_nounlock(ap);
   1836 
   1837 	return (0);
   1838 }
   1839 
   1840 int
   1841 union_bmap(v)
   1842 	void *v;
   1843 {
   1844 	struct vop_bmap_args /* {
   1845 		struct vnode *a_vp;
   1846 		daddr_t  a_bn;
   1847 		struct vnode **a_vpp;
   1848 		daddr_t *a_bnp;
   1849 		int *a_runp;
   1850 	} */ *ap = v;
   1851 	int error;
   1852 	struct vnode *vp = OTHERVP(ap->a_vp);
   1853 	int dolock = (vp == LOWERVP(ap->a_vp));
   1854 
   1855 	if (dolock)
   1856 		vn_lock(vp, LK_EXCLUSIVE | LK_RETRY);
   1857 	else
   1858 		FIXUP(VTOUNION(ap->a_vp));
   1859 	ap->a_vp = vp;
   1860 	error = VCALL(vp, VOFFSET(vop_bmap), ap);
   1861 	if (dolock)
   1862 		VOP_UNLOCK(vp, 0);
   1863 
   1864 	return (error);
   1865 }
   1866 
   1867 int
   1868 union_print(v)
   1869 	void *v;
   1870 {
   1871 	struct vop_print_args /* {
   1872 		struct vnode *a_vp;
   1873 	} */ *ap = v;
   1874 	struct vnode *vp = ap->a_vp;
   1875 
   1876 	printf("\ttag VT_UNION, vp=%p, uppervp=%p, lowervp=%p\n",
   1877 			vp, UPPERVP(vp), LOWERVP(vp));
   1878 	if (UPPERVP(vp) != NULLVP)
   1879 		vprint("union: upper", UPPERVP(vp));
   1880 	if (LOWERVP(vp) != NULLVP)
   1881 		vprint("union: lower", LOWERVP(vp));
   1882 	if (VTOUNION(vp)->un_dircache) {
   1883 		struct vnode **vpp;
   1884 		for (vpp = VTOUNION(vp)->un_dircache; *vpp != NULLVP; vpp++)
   1885 			vprint("dircache:", *vpp);
   1886 	}
   1887 
   1888 	return (0);
   1889 }
   1890 
   1891 int
   1892 union_islocked(v)
   1893 	void *v;
   1894 {
   1895 	struct vop_islocked_args /* {
   1896 		struct vnode *a_vp;
   1897 	} */ *ap = v;
   1898 
   1899 	return ((VTOUNION(ap->a_vp)->un_flags & UN_LOCKED) ? 1 : 0);
   1900 }
   1901 
   1902 int
   1903 union_pathconf(v)
   1904 	void *v;
   1905 {
   1906 	struct vop_pathconf_args /* {
   1907 		struct vnode *a_vp;
   1908 		int a_name;
   1909 		int *a_retval;
   1910 	} */ *ap = v;
   1911 	int error;
   1912 	struct vnode *vp = OTHERVP(ap->a_vp);
   1913 	int dolock = (vp == LOWERVP(ap->a_vp));
   1914 
   1915 	if (dolock)
   1916 		vn_lock(vp, LK_EXCLUSIVE | LK_RETRY);
   1917 	else
   1918 		FIXUP(VTOUNION(ap->a_vp));
   1919 	ap->a_vp = vp;
   1920 	error = VCALL(vp, VOFFSET(vop_pathconf), ap);
   1921 	if (dolock)
   1922 		VOP_UNLOCK(vp, 0);
   1923 
   1924 	return (error);
   1925 }
   1926 
   1927 int
   1928 union_advlock(v)
   1929 	void *v;
   1930 {
   1931 	struct vop_advlock_args /* {
   1932 		struct vnode *a_vp;
   1933 		caddr_t  a_id;
   1934 		int  a_op;
   1935 		struct flock *a_fl;
   1936 		int  a_flags;
   1937 	} */ *ap = v;
   1938 	struct vnode *ovp = OTHERVP(ap->a_vp);
   1939 
   1940 	ap->a_vp = ovp;
   1941 	return (VCALL(ovp, VOFFSET(vop_advlock), ap));
   1942 }
   1943 
   1944 
   1945 /*
   1946  * XXX - vop_strategy must be hand coded because it has no
   1947  * vnode in its arguments.
   1948  * This goes away with a merged VM/buffer cache.
   1949  */
   1950 int
   1951 union_strategy(v)
   1952 	void *v;
   1953 {
   1954 	struct vop_strategy_args /* {
   1955 		struct buf *a_bp;
   1956 	} */ *ap = v;
   1957 	struct buf *bp = ap->a_bp;
   1958 	int error;
   1959 	struct vnode *savedvp;
   1960 
   1961 	savedvp = bp->b_vp;
   1962 	bp->b_vp = OTHERVP(bp->b_vp);
   1963 
   1964 #ifdef DIAGNOSTIC
   1965 	if (bp->b_vp == NULLVP)
   1966 		panic("union_strategy: nil vp");
   1967 	if (((bp->b_flags & B_READ) == 0) &&
   1968 	    (bp->b_vp == LOWERVP(savedvp)))
   1969 		panic("union_strategy: writing to lowervp");
   1970 #endif
   1971 
   1972 	error = VOP_STRATEGY(bp);
   1973 	bp->b_vp = savedvp;
   1974 
   1975 	return (error);
   1976 }
   1977 
   1978 int
   1979 union_getpages(v)
   1980 	void *v;
   1981 {
   1982 	struct vop_getpages_args /* {
   1983 		struct vnode *a_vp;
   1984 		voff_t a_offset;
   1985 		struct vm_page **a_m;
   1986 		int *a_count;
   1987 		int a_centeridx;
   1988 		vm_prot_t a_access_type;
   1989 		int a_advice;
   1990 		int a_flags;
   1991 	} */ *ap = v;
   1992 	struct vnode *vp = ap->a_vp;
   1993 	int error;
   1994 
   1995 	/*
   1996 	 * just pass the request on to the underlying layer.
   1997 	 */
   1998 
   1999 	if (ap->a_flags & PGO_LOCKED) {
   2000 		return EBUSY;
   2001 	}
   2002 	ap->a_vp = OTHERVP(vp);
   2003 	simple_unlock(&vp->v_interlock);
   2004 	simple_lock(&ap->a_vp->v_interlock);
   2005 	error = VCALL(ap->a_vp, VOFFSET(vop_getpages), ap);
   2006 	return error;
   2007 }
   2008 
   2009 int
   2010 union_putpages(v)
   2011 	void *v;
   2012 {
   2013 	struct vop_putpages_args /* {
   2014 		struct vnode *a_vp;
   2015 		voff_t a_offlo;
   2016 		voff_t a_offhi;
   2017 		int a_flags;
   2018 	} */ *ap = v;
   2019 	struct vnode *vp = ap->a_vp;
   2020 	int error;
   2021 
   2022 	/*
   2023 	 * just pass the request on to the underlying layer.
   2024 	 */
   2025 
   2026 	ap->a_vp = OTHERVP(vp);
   2027 	simple_unlock(&vp->v_interlock);
   2028 	simple_lock(&ap->a_vp->v_interlock);
   2029 	error = VCALL(ap->a_vp, VOFFSET(vop_putpages), ap);
   2030 	return error;
   2031 }
   2032 
   2033 int
   2034 union_kqfilter(void *v)
   2035 {
   2036 	struct vop_kqfilter_args /* {
   2037 		struct vnode	*a_vp;
   2038 		struct knote	*a_kn;
   2039 	} */ *ap = v;
   2040 	int error;
   2041 
   2042 	/*
   2043 	 * We watch either the upper layer file (if it already exists),
   2044 	 * or the lower layer one. If there is lower layer file only
   2045 	 * at this moment, we will keep watching that lower layer file
   2046 	 * even if upper layer file would be created later on.
   2047 	 */
   2048 	if (UPPERVP(ap->a_vp))
   2049 		error = VOP_KQFILTER(UPPERVP(ap->a_vp), ap->a_kn);
   2050 	else if (LOWERVP(ap->a_vp))
   2051 		error = VOP_KQFILTER(LOWERVP(ap->a_vp), ap->a_kn);
   2052 	else {
   2053 		/* panic? */
   2054 		error = EOPNOTSUPP;
   2055 	}
   2056 
   2057 	return (error);
   2058 }
   2059