xref: /src/sys/kern/exec_script.c

/*	$NetBSD: exec_script.c,v 1.83.20.1 2025/08/02 05:57:40 perseant Exp $	*/

/*
 * Copyright (c) 1993, 1994, 1996 Christopher G. Demetriou
 * All rights reserved.
 *
 * Redistribution and use in source and binary forms, with or without
 * modification, are permitted provided that the following conditions
 * are met:
 * 1. Redistributions of source code must retain the above copyright
 *    notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer.
 * 2. Redistributions in binary form must reproduce the above copyright
 *    notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer in the
 *    documentation and/or other materials provided with the distribution.
 * 3. All advertising materials mentioning features or use of this software
 *    must display the following acknowledgement:
 *      This product includes software developed by Christopher G. Demetriou.
 * 4. The name of the author may not be used to endorse or promote products
 *    derived from this software without specific prior written permission
 *
 * THIS SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED BY THE AUTHOR ``AS IS'' AND ANY EXPRESS OR
 * IMPLIED WARRANTIES, INCLUDING, BUT NOT LIMITED TO, THE IMPLIED WARRANTIES
 * OF MERCHANTABILITY AND FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE ARE DISCLAIMED.
 * IN NO EVENT SHALL THE AUTHOR BE LIABLE FOR ANY DIRECT, INDIRECT,
 * INCIDENTAL, SPECIAL, EXEMPLARY, OR CONSEQUENTIAL DAMAGES (INCLUDING, BUT
 * NOT LIMITED TO, PROCUREMENT OF SUBSTITUTE GOODS OR SERVICES; LOSS OF USE,
 * DATA, OR PROFITS; OR BUSINESS INTERRUPTION) HOWEVER CAUSED AND ON ANY
 * THEORY OF LIABILITY, WHETHER IN CONTRACT, STRICT LIABILITY, OR TORT
 * (INCLUDING NEGLIGENCE OR OTHERWISE) ARISING IN ANY WAY OUT OF THE USE OF
 * THIS SOFTWARE, EVEN IF ADVISED OF THE POSSIBILITY OF SUCH DAMAGE.
 */

#include <sys/cdefs.h>
__KERNEL_RCSID(0, "$NetBSD: exec_script.c,v 1.83.20.1 2025/08/02 05:57:40 perseant Exp $");

#ifdef _KERNEL_OPT
#include "opt_script.h"
#endif

#if defined(SETUIDSCRIPTS) && !defined(FDSCRIPTS)
#define FDSCRIPTS		/* Need this for safe set-id scripts. */
#endif

#include <sys/param.h>
#include <sys/types.h>

#include <sys/exec.h>
#include <sys/exec_elf.h>
#include <sys/exec_script.h>
#include <sys/file.h>
#include <sys/filedesc.h>
#include <sys/kmem.h>
#include <sys/module.h>
#include <sys/namei.h>
#include <sys/proc.h>
#include <sys/resourcevar.h>
#include <sys/sdt.h>
#ifdef SETUIDSCRIPTS
#include <sys/stat.h>
#endif
#include <sys/systm.h>
#include <sys/vnode.h>

MODULE(MODULE_CLASS_EXEC, exec_script, NULL);

static struct execsw exec_script_execsw = {
	.es_hdrsz = SCRIPT_HDR_SIZE,
	.es_makecmds = exec_script_makecmds,
	.u = {
		.elf_probe_func = NULL,
	},
	.es_emul = NULL,
	.es_prio = EXECSW_PRIO_ANY,
	.es_arglen = 0,
	.es_copyargs = NULL,
	.es_setregs = NULL,
	.es_coredump = NULL,
	.es_setup_stack = exec_setup_stack,
};

static int
exec_script_modcmd(modcmd_t cmd, void *arg)
{

	switch (cmd) {
	case MODULE_CMD_INIT:
		return exec_add(&exec_script_execsw, 1);

	case MODULE_CMD_FINI:
		return exec_remove(&exec_script_execsw, 1);

	case MODULE_CMD_AUTOUNLOAD:
		/*
		 * We don't want to be autounloaded because our use is
		 * transient: no executables with p_execsw equal to
		 * exec_script_execsw will exist, so FINI will never
		 * return EBUSY.  However, the system will run scripts
		 * often.  Return EBUSY here to prevent this module from
		 * ping-ponging in and out of the kernel.
		 */
		return SET_ERROR(EBUSY);

	default:
		return SET_ERROR(ENOTTY);
	}
}

/*
 * exec_script_makecmds(): Check if it's an executable shell script.
 *
 * Given a proc pointer and an exec package pointer, see if the referent
 * of the epp is in shell script.  If it is, then set thing up so that
 * the script can be run.  This involves preparing the address space
 * and arguments for the shell which will run the script.
 *
 * This function is ultimately responsible for creating a set of vmcmds
 * which can be used to build the process's vm space and inserting them
 * into the exec package.
 */
int
exec_script_makecmds(struct lwp *l, struct exec_package *epp)
{
	int error, hdrlinelen, shellnamelen, shellarglen;
	char *hdrstr = epp->ep_hdr;
	char *cp, *shellname, *shellarg;
	size_t shellargp_len;
	struct exec_fakearg *shellargp;
	struct exec_fakearg *tmpsap;
	struct pathbuf *shell_pathbuf;
	struct vnode *scriptvp;
#ifdef SETUIDSCRIPTS
	/* Gcc needs those initialized for spurious uninitialized warning */
	uid_t script_uid = (uid_t) -1;
	gid_t script_gid = NOGROUP;
	u_short script_sbits;
#endif

	/*
	 * if the magic isn't that of a shell script, or we've already
	 * done shell script processing for this exec, punt on it.
	 */
	if ((epp->ep_flags & EXEC_INDIR) != 0 ||
	    epp->ep_hdrvalid < EXEC_SCRIPT_MAGICLEN ||
	    strncmp(hdrstr, EXEC_SCRIPT_MAGIC, EXEC_SCRIPT_MAGICLEN))
		return SET_ERROR(ENOEXEC);

	/*
	 * Check that the shell spec is terminated by a newline, and that
	 * it isn't too large.
	 */
	hdrlinelen = uimin(epp->ep_hdrvalid, SCRIPT_HDR_SIZE);
	for (cp = hdrstr + EXEC_SCRIPT_MAGICLEN; cp < hdrstr + hdrlinelen;
	    cp++) {
		if (*cp == '\n') {
			*cp = '\0';
			break;
		}
	}
	if (cp >= hdrstr + hdrlinelen)
		return SET_ERROR(ENOEXEC);

	/* strip spaces before the shell name */
	for (cp = hdrstr + EXEC_SCRIPT_MAGICLEN; *cp == ' ' || *cp == '\t';
	    cp++)
		;
	if (*cp == '\0')
		return SET_ERROR(ENOEXEC);

	shellarg = NULL;
	shellarglen = 0;

	/* collect the shell name; remember its length for later */
	shellname = cp;
	shellnamelen = 0;
	for ( /* cp = cp */ ; *cp != '\0' && *cp != ' ' && *cp != '\t'; cp++)
		shellnamelen++;
	if (*cp == '\0')
		goto check_shell;
	*cp++ = '\0';

	/* skip spaces before any argument */
	for ( /* cp = cp */ ; *cp == ' ' || *cp == '\t'; cp++)
		;
	if (*cp == '\0')
		goto check_shell;

	/*
	 * collect the shell argument.  everything after the shell name
	 * is passed as ONE argument; that's the correct (historical)
	 * behaviour.
	 */
	shellarg = cp;
	for ( /* cp = cp */ ; *cp != '\0'; cp++)
		shellarglen++;
	*cp++ = '\0';

check_shell:
#ifdef SETUIDSCRIPTS
	/*
	 * MNT_NOSUID has already taken care of by check_exec,
	 * so we don't need to worry about it now or later.  We
	 * will need to check PSL_TRACED later, however.
	 */
	script_sbits = epp->ep_vap->va_mode & (S_ISUID | S_ISGID);
	if (script_sbits != 0) {
		script_uid = epp->ep_vap->va_uid;
		script_gid = epp->ep_vap->va_gid;
	}
#endif
#ifdef FDSCRIPTS
	/*
	 * if the script isn't readable, or it's set-id, then we've
	 * gotta supply a "/dev/fd/..." for the shell to read.
	 * Note that stupid shells (csh) do the wrong thing, and
	 * close all open fd's when they start.  That kills this
	 * method of implementing "safe" set-id and x-only scripts.
	 */
	vn_lock(epp->ep_vp, LK_SHARED | LK_RETRY);
	error = VOP_ACCESS(epp->ep_vp, VREAD, l->l_cred);
	VOP_UNLOCK(epp->ep_vp);
	if (error == EACCES
#ifdef SETUIDSCRIPTS
	    || script_sbits
#endif
	    ) {
		struct file *fp;

		KASSERT(!(epp->ep_flags & EXEC_HASFD));

		if ((error = fd_allocfile(&fp, &epp->ep_fd)) != 0) {
			scriptvp = NULL;
			shellargp = NULL;
			goto fail;
		}
		epp->ep_flags |= EXEC_HASFD;
		fp->f_type = DTYPE_VNODE;
		fp->f_ops = &vnops;
		fp->f_vnode = epp->ep_vp;
		fp->f_flag = FREAD;
		fd_affix(curproc, fp, epp->ep_fd);
	}
#endif

	/* set up the fake args list */
	shellargp_len = 4 * sizeof(*shellargp);
	shellargp = kmem_alloc(shellargp_len, KM_SLEEP);
	tmpsap = shellargp;
	tmpsap->fa_len = shellnamelen + 1;
	tmpsap->fa_arg = kmem_alloc(tmpsap->fa_len, KM_SLEEP);
	strlcpy(tmpsap->fa_arg, shellname, tmpsap->fa_len);
	tmpsap++;
	if (shellarg != NULL) {
		tmpsap->fa_len = shellarglen + 1;
		tmpsap->fa_arg = kmem_alloc(tmpsap->fa_len, KM_SLEEP);
		strlcpy(tmpsap->fa_arg, shellarg, tmpsap->fa_len);
		tmpsap++;
	}
	tmpsap->fa_len = MAXPATHLEN;
	tmpsap->fa_arg = kmem_alloc(tmpsap->fa_len, KM_SLEEP);
#ifdef FDSCRIPTS
	if ((epp->ep_flags & EXEC_HASFD) == 0) {
#endif
		/* normally can't fail, but check for it if diagnostic */
		error = copystr(epp->ep_kname, tmpsap->fa_arg, MAXPATHLEN,
		    NULL);
		KASSERT(error == 0);
		tmpsap++;
#ifdef FDSCRIPTS
	} else {
		snprintf(tmpsap->fa_arg, MAXPATHLEN, "/dev/fd/%d", epp->ep_fd);
		tmpsap++;
	}
#endif
	tmpsap->fa_arg = NULL;

	/* Save the old vnode so we can clean it up later. */
	scriptvp = epp->ep_vp;
	epp->ep_vp = NULL;

	/* Note that we're trying recursively. */
	epp->ep_flags |= EXEC_INDIR;

	/*
	 * mark the header we have as invalid; check_exec will read
	 * the header from the new executable
	 */
	epp->ep_hdrvalid = 0;

	/* try loading the interpreter */
	if ((error = exec_makepathbuf(l, shellname, UIO_SYSSPACE,
	    &shell_pathbuf, NULL)) == 0) {
		error = check_exec(l, epp, shell_pathbuf, NULL);
		pathbuf_destroy(shell_pathbuf);
	}

	/* note that we've clobbered the header */
	epp->ep_flags |= EXEC_DESTR;

	if (error == 0) {
		/*
		 * It succeeded.  Unlock the script and
		 * close it if we aren't using it any more.
		 * Also, set things up so that the fake args
		 * list will be used.
		 */
		if ((epp->ep_flags & EXEC_HASFD) == 0) {
			vn_lock(scriptvp, LK_EXCLUSIVE | LK_RETRY);
			VOP_CLOSE(scriptvp, FREAD, l->l_cred);
			vput(scriptvp);
		}

		epp->ep_flags |= (EXEC_HASARGL | EXEC_SKIPARG);
		epp->ep_fa = shellargp;
		epp->ep_fa_len = shellargp_len;
#ifdef SETUIDSCRIPTS
		/*
		 * set thing up so that set-id scripts will be
		 * handled appropriately.  PSL_TRACED will be
		 * checked later when the shell is actually
		 * exec'd.
		 */
		epp->ep_vap->va_mode |= script_sbits;
		if (script_sbits & S_ISUID)
			epp->ep_vap->va_uid = script_uid;
		if (script_sbits & S_ISGID)
			epp->ep_vap->va_gid = script_gid;
#endif
		return (0);
	}

#ifdef FDSCRIPTS
fail:
#endif

	/* kill the opened file descriptor, else close the file */
	if (epp->ep_flags & EXEC_HASFD) {
		epp->ep_flags &= ~EXEC_HASFD;
		fd_close(epp->ep_fd);
	} else if (scriptvp) {
		vn_lock(scriptvp, LK_EXCLUSIVE | LK_RETRY);
		VOP_CLOSE(scriptvp, FREAD, l->l_cred);
		vput(scriptvp);
	}

	/* free the fake arg list, because we're not returning it */
	if ((tmpsap = shellargp) != NULL) {
		while (tmpsap->fa_arg != NULL) {
			kmem_free(tmpsap->fa_arg, tmpsap->fa_len);
			tmpsap++;
		}
		kmem_free(shellargp, shellargp_len);
	}

	/*
	 * free any vmspace-creation commands,
	 * and release their references
	 */
	kill_vmcmds(&epp->ep_vmcmds);

	return error;
}