xref: /src/sys/kern/init_sysctl.c

/*	$NetBSD: init_sysctl.c,v 1.160 2009/03/29 01:02:50 mrg Exp $ */

/*-
 * Copyright (c) 2003, 2007, 2008 The NetBSD Foundation, Inc.
 * All rights reserved.
 *
 * This code is derived from software contributed to The NetBSD Foundation
 * by Andrew Brown, and by Andrew Doran.
 *
 * Redistribution and use in source and binary forms, with or without
 * modification, are permitted provided that the following conditions
 * are met:
 * 1. Redistributions of source code must retain the above copyright
 *    notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer.
 * 2. Redistributions in binary form must reproduce the above copyright
 *    notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer in the
 *    documentation and/or other materials provided with the distribution.
 *
 * THIS SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED BY THE NETBSD FOUNDATION, INC. AND CONTRIBUTORS
 * ``AS IS'' AND ANY EXPRESS OR IMPLIED WARRANTIES, INCLUDING, BUT NOT LIMITED
 * TO, THE IMPLIED WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY AND FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR
 * PURPOSE ARE DISCLAIMED.  IN NO EVENT SHALL THE FOUNDATION OR CONTRIBUTORS
 * BE LIABLE FOR ANY DIRECT, INDIRECT, INCIDENTAL, SPECIAL, EXEMPLARY, OR
 * CONSEQUENTIAL DAMAGES (INCLUDING, BUT NOT LIMITED TO, PROCUREMENT OF
 * SUBSTITUTE GOODS OR SERVICES; LOSS OF USE, DATA, OR PROFITS; OR BUSINESS
 * INTERRUPTION) HOWEVER CAUSED AND ON ANY THEORY OF LIABILITY, WHETHER IN
 * CONTRACT, STRICT LIABILITY, OR TORT (INCLUDING NEGLIGENCE OR OTHERWISE)
 * ARISING IN ANY WAY OUT OF THE USE OF THIS SOFTWARE, EVEN IF ADVISED OF THE
 * POSSIBILITY OF SUCH DAMAGE.
 */

#include <sys/cdefs.h>
__KERNEL_RCSID(0, "$NetBSD: init_sysctl.c,v 1.160 2009/03/29 01:02:50 mrg Exp $");

#include "opt_sysv.h"
#include "opt_compat_netbsd32.h"
#include "opt_compat_netbsd.h"
#include "opt_modular.h"
#include "opt_sa.h"
#include "opt_posix.h"
#include "pty.h"
#include "rnd.h"

#include <sys/types.h>
#include <sys/param.h>
#include <sys/sysctl.h>
#include <sys/cpu.h>
#include <sys/errno.h>
#include <sys/systm.h>
#include <sys/kernel.h>
#include <sys/unistd.h>
#include <sys/disklabel.h>
#include <sys/rnd.h>
#include <sys/vnode.h>
#include <sys/mount.h>
#include <sys/namei.h>
#include <sys/msgbuf.h>
#include <dev/cons.h>
#include <sys/socketvar.h>
#include <sys/file.h>
#include <sys/filedesc.h>
#include <sys/tty.h>
#include <sys/kmem.h>
#include <sys/resource.h>
#include <sys/resourcevar.h>
#include <sys/exec.h>
#include <sys/conf.h>
#include <sys/device.h>
#include <sys/stat.h>
#include <sys/kauth.h>
#include <sys/ktrace.h>
#include <sys/ksem.h>

#ifdef COMPAT_NETBSD32
#include <compat/netbsd32/netbsd32.h>
#endif
#ifdef COMPAT_50
#include <compat/sys/time.h>
#endif

#ifdef KERN_SA
#include <sys/sa.h>
#endif

#include <sys/cpu.h>

#if defined(MODULAR) || defined(P1003_1B_SEMAPHORE)
int posix_semaphores = 200112;
#else
int posix_semaphores;
#endif

int security_setidcore_dump;
char security_setidcore_path[MAXPATHLEN] = "/var/crash/%n.core";
uid_t security_setidcore_owner = 0;
gid_t security_setidcore_group = 0;
mode_t security_setidcore_mode = (S_IRUSR|S_IWUSR);

static const u_int sysctl_flagmap[] = {
	PK_ADVLOCK, P_ADVLOCK,
	PK_EXEC, P_EXEC,
	PK_NOCLDWAIT, P_NOCLDWAIT,
	PK_32, P_32,
	PK_CLDSIGIGN, P_CLDSIGIGN,
	PK_SUGID, P_SUGID,
	0
};

static const u_int sysctl_sflagmap[] = {
	PS_NOCLDSTOP, P_NOCLDSTOP,
	PS_WEXIT, P_WEXIT,
	PS_STOPFORK, P_STOPFORK,
	PS_STOPEXEC, P_STOPEXEC,
	PS_STOPEXIT, P_STOPEXIT,
	0
};

static const u_int sysctl_slflagmap[] = {
	PSL_TRACED, P_TRACED,
	PSL_FSTRACE, P_FSTRACE,
	PSL_CHTRACED, P_CHTRACED,
	PSL_SYSCALL, P_SYSCALL,
	0
};

static const u_int sysctl_lflagmap[] = {
	PL_CONTROLT, P_CONTROLT,
	PL_PPWAIT, P_PPWAIT,
	0
};

static const u_int sysctl_stflagmap[] = {
	PST_PROFIL, P_PROFIL,
	0

};

static const u_int sysctl_lwpflagmap[] = {
	LW_INMEM, P_INMEM,
	LW_SINTR, P_SINTR,
	LW_SYSTEM, P_SYSTEM,
	LW_SA, P_SA,	/* WRS ??? */
	0
};

static const u_int sysctl_lwpprflagmap[] = {
	LPR_DETACHED, L_DETACHED,
	0
};

/*
 * try over estimating by 5 procs/lwps
 */
#define KERN_PROCSLOP	(5 * sizeof(struct kinfo_proc))
#define KERN_LWPSLOP	(5 * sizeof(struct kinfo_lwp))

static int dcopyout(struct lwp *, const void *, void *, size_t);

static int
dcopyout(struct lwp *l, const void *kaddr, void *uaddr, size_t len)
{
	int error;

	error = copyout(kaddr, uaddr, len);
	ktrmibio(-1, UIO_READ, uaddr, len, error);

	return error;
}

#ifdef DIAGNOSTIC
static int sysctl_kern_trigger_panic(SYSCTLFN_PROTO);
#endif
static int sysctl_kern_maxvnodes(SYSCTLFN_PROTO);
static int sysctl_kern_rtc_offset(SYSCTLFN_PROTO);
static int sysctl_kern_maxproc(SYSCTLFN_PROTO);
static int sysctl_kern_hostid(SYSCTLFN_PROTO);
static int sysctl_setlen(SYSCTLFN_PROTO);
static int sysctl_kern_clockrate(SYSCTLFN_PROTO);
static int sysctl_kern_file(SYSCTLFN_PROTO);
static int sysctl_msgbuf(SYSCTLFN_PROTO);
static int sysctl_kern_defcorename(SYSCTLFN_PROTO);
static int sysctl_kern_cptime(SYSCTLFN_PROTO);
#if NPTY > 0
static int sysctl_kern_maxptys(SYSCTLFN_PROTO);
#endif /* NPTY > 0 */
static int sysctl_kern_sbmax(SYSCTLFN_PROTO);
static int sysctl_kern_urnd(SYSCTLFN_PROTO);
static int sysctl_kern_arnd(SYSCTLFN_PROTO);
static int sysctl_kern_lwp(SYSCTLFN_PROTO);
static int sysctl_kern_forkfsleep(SYSCTLFN_PROTO);
static int sysctl_kern_root_partition(SYSCTLFN_PROTO);
static int sysctl_kern_drivers(SYSCTLFN_PROTO);
static int sysctl_kern_file2(SYSCTLFN_PROTO);
static int sysctl_security_setidcore(SYSCTLFN_PROTO);
static int sysctl_security_setidcorename(SYSCTLFN_PROTO);
static int sysctl_kern_cpid(SYSCTLFN_PROTO);
static int sysctl_doeproc(SYSCTLFN_PROTO);
static int sysctl_kern_proc_args(SYSCTLFN_PROTO);
static int sysctl_hw_usermem(SYSCTLFN_PROTO);
static int sysctl_hw_cnmagic(SYSCTLFN_PROTO);

static u_int sysctl_map_flags(const u_int *, u_int);
static void fill_kproc2(struct proc *, struct kinfo_proc2 *, bool);
static void fill_lwp(struct lwp *l, struct kinfo_lwp *kl);
static void fill_file(struct kinfo_file *, const file_t *, const fdfile_t *,
		      int, pid_t);

/*
 * ********************************************************************
 * section 1: setup routines
 * ********************************************************************
 * These functions are stuffed into a link set for sysctl setup
 * functions. They're never called or referenced from anywhere else.
 * ********************************************************************
 */

/*
 * sets up the base nodes...
 */
SYSCTL_SETUP(sysctl_root_setup, "sysctl base setup")
{

	sysctl_createv(clog, 0, NULL, NULL,
		       CTLFLAG_PERMANENT,
		       CTLTYPE_NODE, "kern",
		       SYSCTL_DESCR("High kernel"),
		       NULL, 0, NULL, 0,
		       CTL_KERN, CTL_EOL);
	sysctl_createv(clog, 0, NULL, NULL,
		       CTLFLAG_PERMANENT,
		       CTLTYPE_NODE, "vm",
		       SYSCTL_DESCR("Virtual memory"),
		       NULL, 0, NULL, 0,
		       CTL_VM, CTL_EOL);
	sysctl_createv(clog, 0, NULL, NULL,
		       CTLFLAG_PERMANENT,
		       CTLTYPE_NODE, "vfs",
		       SYSCTL_DESCR("Filesystem"),
		       NULL, 0, NULL, 0,
		       CTL_VFS, CTL_EOL);
	sysctl_createv(clog, 0, NULL, NULL,
		       CTLFLAG_PERMANENT,
		       CTLTYPE_NODE, "net",
		       SYSCTL_DESCR("Networking"),
		       NULL, 0, NULL, 0,
		       CTL_NET, CTL_EOL);
	sysctl_createv(clog, 0, NULL, NULL,
		       CTLFLAG_PERMANENT,
		       CTLTYPE_NODE, "debug",
		       SYSCTL_DESCR("Debugging"),
		       NULL, 0, NULL, 0,
		       CTL_DEBUG, CTL_EOL);
	sysctl_createv(clog, 0, NULL, NULL,
		       CTLFLAG_PERMANENT,
		       CTLTYPE_NODE, "hw",
		       SYSCTL_DESCR("Generic CPU, I/O"),
		       NULL, 0, NULL, 0,
		       CTL_HW, CTL_EOL);
	sysctl_createv(clog, 0, NULL, NULL,
		       CTLFLAG_PERMANENT,
		       CTLTYPE_NODE, "machdep",
		       SYSCTL_DESCR("Machine dependent"),
		       NULL, 0, NULL, 0,
		       CTL_MACHDEP, CTL_EOL);
	/*
	 * this node is inserted so that the sysctl nodes in libc can
	 * operate.
	 */
	sysctl_createv(clog, 0, NULL, NULL,
		       CTLFLAG_PERMANENT,
		       CTLTYPE_NODE, "user",
		       SYSCTL_DESCR("User-level"),
		       NULL, 0, NULL, 0,
		       CTL_USER, CTL_EOL);
	sysctl_createv(clog, 0, NULL, NULL,
		       CTLFLAG_PERMANENT,
		       CTLTYPE_NODE, "ddb",
		       SYSCTL_DESCR("In-kernel debugger"),
		       NULL, 0, NULL, 0,
		       CTL_DDB, CTL_EOL);
	sysctl_createv(clog, 0, NULL, NULL,
		       CTLFLAG_PERMANENT,
		       CTLTYPE_NODE, "proc",
		       SYSCTL_DESCR("Per-process"),
		       NULL, 0, NULL, 0,
		       CTL_PROC, CTL_EOL);
	sysctl_createv(clog, 0, NULL, NULL,
		       CTLFLAG_PERMANENT|CTLFLAG_READWRITE,
		       CTLTYPE_NODE, "vendor",
		       SYSCTL_DESCR("Vendor specific"),
		       NULL, 0, NULL, 0,
		       CTL_VENDOR, CTL_EOL);
	sysctl_createv(clog, 0, NULL, NULL,
		       CTLFLAG_PERMANENT,
		       CTLTYPE_NODE, "emul",
		       SYSCTL_DESCR("Emulation settings"),
		       NULL, 0, NULL, 0,
		       CTL_EMUL, CTL_EOL);
	sysctl_createv(clog, 0, NULL, NULL,
		       CTLFLAG_PERMANENT,
		       CTLTYPE_NODE, "security",
		       SYSCTL_DESCR("Security"),
		       NULL, 0, NULL, 0,
		       CTL_SECURITY, CTL_EOL);
}

/*
 * this setup routine is a replacement for kern_sysctl()
 */
SYSCTL_SETUP(sysctl_kern_setup, "sysctl kern subtree setup")
{
	extern int kern_logsigexit;	/* defined in kern/kern_sig.c */
	extern fixpt_t ccpu;		/* defined in kern/kern_synch.c */
	extern int dumponpanic;		/* defined in kern/subr_prf.c */
	const struct sysctlnode *rnode;

	sysctl_createv(clog, 0, NULL, NULL,
		       CTLFLAG_PERMANENT,
		       CTLTYPE_NODE, "kern", NULL,
		       NULL, 0, NULL, 0,
		       CTL_KERN, CTL_EOL);

	sysctl_createv(clog, 0, NULL, NULL,
		       CTLFLAG_PERMANENT,
		       CTLTYPE_STRING, "ostype",
		       SYSCTL_DESCR("Operating system type"),
		       NULL, 0, &ostype, 0,
		       CTL_KERN, KERN_OSTYPE, CTL_EOL);
	sysctl_createv(clog, 0, NULL, NULL,
		       CTLFLAG_PERMANENT,
		       CTLTYPE_STRING, "osrelease",
		       SYSCTL_DESCR("Operating system release"),
		       NULL, 0, &osrelease, 0,
		       CTL_KERN, KERN_OSRELEASE, CTL_EOL);
	sysctl_createv(clog, 0, NULL, NULL,
		       CTLFLAG_PERMANENT|CTLFLAG_IMMEDIATE,
		       CTLTYPE_INT, "osrevision",
		       SYSCTL_DESCR("Operating system revision"),
		       NULL, __NetBSD_Version__, NULL, 0,
		       CTL_KERN, KERN_OSREV, CTL_EOL);
	sysctl_createv(clog, 0, NULL, NULL,
		       CTLFLAG_PERMANENT,
		       CTLTYPE_STRING, "version",
		       SYSCTL_DESCR("Kernel version"),
		       NULL, 0, &version, 0,
		       CTL_KERN, KERN_VERSION, CTL_EOL);
	sysctl_createv(clog, 0, NULL, NULL,
		       CTLFLAG_PERMANENT|CTLFLAG_READWRITE,
		       CTLTYPE_INT, "maxvnodes",
		       SYSCTL_DESCR("Maximum number of vnodes"),
		       sysctl_kern_maxvnodes, 0, NULL, 0,
		       CTL_KERN, KERN_MAXVNODES, CTL_EOL);
	sysctl_createv(clog, 0, NULL, NULL,
		       CTLFLAG_PERMANENT|CTLFLAG_READWRITE,
		       CTLTYPE_INT, "maxproc",
		       SYSCTL_DESCR("Maximum number of simultaneous processes"),
		       sysctl_kern_maxproc, 0, NULL, 0,
		       CTL_KERN, KERN_MAXPROC, CTL_EOL);
	sysctl_createv(clog, 0, NULL, NULL,
		       CTLFLAG_PERMANENT|CTLFLAG_READWRITE,
		       CTLTYPE_INT, "maxfiles",
		       SYSCTL_DESCR("Maximum number of open files"),
		       NULL, 0, &maxfiles, 0,
		       CTL_KERN, KERN_MAXFILES, CTL_EOL);
	sysctl_createv(clog, 0, NULL, NULL,
		       CTLFLAG_PERMANENT|CTLFLAG_IMMEDIATE,
		       CTLTYPE_INT, "argmax",
		       SYSCTL_DESCR("Maximum number of bytes of arguments to "
				    "execve(2)"),
		       NULL, ARG_MAX, NULL, 0,
		       CTL_KERN, KERN_ARGMAX, CTL_EOL);
	sysctl_createv(clog, 0, NULL, NULL,
		       CTLFLAG_PERMANENT|CTLFLAG_READWRITE,
		       CTLTYPE_STRING, "hostname",
		       SYSCTL_DESCR("System hostname"),
		       sysctl_setlen, 0, &hostname, MAXHOSTNAMELEN,
		       CTL_KERN, KERN_HOSTNAME, CTL_EOL);
	sysctl_createv(clog, 0, NULL, NULL,
		       CTLFLAG_PERMANENT|CTLFLAG_READWRITE|CTLFLAG_HEX,
		       CTLTYPE_INT, "hostid",
		       SYSCTL_DESCR("System host ID number"),
		       sysctl_kern_hostid, 0, NULL, 0,
		       CTL_KERN, KERN_HOSTID, CTL_EOL);
	sysctl_createv(clog, 0, NULL, NULL,
		       CTLFLAG_PERMANENT,
		       CTLTYPE_STRUCT, "clockrate",
		       SYSCTL_DESCR("Kernel clock rates"),
		       sysctl_kern_clockrate, 0, NULL,
		       sizeof(struct clockinfo),
		       CTL_KERN, KERN_CLOCKRATE, CTL_EOL);
	sysctl_createv(clog, 0, NULL, NULL,
		       CTLFLAG_PERMANENT,
		       CTLTYPE_INT, "hardclock_ticks",
		       SYSCTL_DESCR("Number of hardclock ticks"),
		       NULL, 0, &hardclock_ticks, sizeof(hardclock_ticks),
		       CTL_KERN, KERN_HARDCLOCK_TICKS, CTL_EOL);
	sysctl_createv(clog, 0, NULL, NULL,
		       CTLFLAG_PERMANENT,
		       CTLTYPE_STRUCT, "vnode",
		       SYSCTL_DESCR("System vnode table"),
		       sysctl_kern_vnode, 0, NULL, 0,
		       CTL_KERN, KERN_VNODE, CTL_EOL);
	sysctl_createv(clog, 0, NULL, NULL,
		       CTLFLAG_PERMANENT,
		       CTLTYPE_STRUCT, "file",
		       SYSCTL_DESCR("System open file table"),
		       sysctl_kern_file, 0, NULL, 0,
		       CTL_KERN, KERN_FILE, CTL_EOL);
#ifndef GPROF
	sysctl_createv(clog, 0, NULL, NULL,
		       CTLFLAG_PERMANENT,
		       CTLTYPE_NODE, "profiling",
		       SYSCTL_DESCR("Profiling information (not available)"),
		       sysctl_notavail, 0, NULL, 0,
		       CTL_KERN, KERN_PROF, CTL_EOL);
#endif
	sysctl_createv(clog, 0, NULL, NULL,
		       CTLFLAG_PERMANENT|CTLFLAG_IMMEDIATE,
		       CTLTYPE_INT, "posix1version",
		       SYSCTL_DESCR("Version of ISO/IEC 9945 (POSIX 1003.1) "
				    "with which the operating system attempts "
				    "to comply"),
		       NULL, _POSIX_VERSION, NULL, 0,
		       CTL_KERN, KERN_POSIX1, CTL_EOL);
	sysctl_createv(clog, 0, NULL, NULL,
		       CTLFLAG_PERMANENT|CTLFLAG_IMMEDIATE,
		       CTLTYPE_INT, "ngroups",
		       SYSCTL_DESCR("Maximum number of supplemental groups"),
		       NULL, NGROUPS_MAX, NULL, 0,
		       CTL_KERN, KERN_NGROUPS, CTL_EOL);
	sysctl_createv(clog, 0, NULL, NULL,
		       CTLFLAG_PERMANENT|CTLFLAG_IMMEDIATE,
		       CTLTYPE_INT, "job_control",
		       SYSCTL_DESCR("Whether job control is available"),
		       NULL, 1, NULL, 0,
		       CTL_KERN, KERN_JOB_CONTROL, CTL_EOL);
	sysctl_createv(clog, 0, NULL, NULL,
		       CTLFLAG_PERMANENT|CTLFLAG_IMMEDIATE,
		       CTLTYPE_INT, "saved_ids",
		       SYSCTL_DESCR("Whether POSIX saved set-group/user ID is "
				    "available"), NULL,
#ifdef _POSIX_SAVED_IDS
		       1,
#else /* _POSIX_SAVED_IDS */
		       0,
#endif /* _POSIX_SAVED_IDS */
		       NULL, 0, CTL_KERN, KERN_SAVED_IDS, CTL_EOL);
	sysctl_createv(clog, 0, NULL, NULL,
		       CTLFLAG_PERMANENT,
		       CTLTYPE_STRUCT, "boottime",
		       SYSCTL_DESCR("System boot time"),
		       NULL, 0, &boottime, sizeof(boottime),
		       CTL_KERN, KERN_BOOTTIME, CTL_EOL);
#ifdef COMPAT_50
	{
		extern struct timeval50 boottime50;
		sysctl_createv(clog, 0, NULL, NULL,
			       CTLFLAG_PERMANENT,
			       CTLTYPE_STRUCT, "oboottime",
			       SYSCTL_DESCR("System boot time"),
			       NULL, 0, &boottime50, sizeof(boottime50),
			       CTL_KERN, KERN_OBOOTTIME, CTL_EOL);
	}
#endif
	sysctl_createv(clog, 0, NULL, NULL,
		       CTLFLAG_PERMANENT|CTLFLAG_READWRITE,
		       CTLTYPE_STRING, "domainname",
		       SYSCTL_DESCR("YP domain name"),
		       sysctl_setlen, 0, &domainname, MAXHOSTNAMELEN,
		       CTL_KERN, KERN_DOMAINNAME, CTL_EOL);
	sysctl_createv(clog, 0, NULL, NULL,
		       CTLFLAG_PERMANENT|CTLFLAG_IMMEDIATE,
		       CTLTYPE_INT, "maxpartitions",
		       SYSCTL_DESCR("Maximum number of partitions allowed per "
				    "disk"),
		       NULL, MAXPARTITIONS, NULL, 0,
		       CTL_KERN, KERN_MAXPARTITIONS, CTL_EOL);
	sysctl_createv(clog, 0, NULL, NULL,
		       CTLFLAG_PERMANENT|CTLFLAG_IMMEDIATE,
		       CTLTYPE_INT, "rawpartition",
		       SYSCTL_DESCR("Raw partition of a disk"),
		       NULL, RAW_PART, NULL, 0,
		       CTL_KERN, KERN_RAWPARTITION, CTL_EOL);
	sysctl_createv(clog, 0, NULL, NULL,
		       CTLFLAG_PERMANENT,
		       CTLTYPE_STRUCT, "timex", NULL,
		       sysctl_notavail, 0, NULL, 0,
		       CTL_KERN, KERN_TIMEX, CTL_EOL);
	sysctl_createv(clog, 0, NULL, NULL,
		       CTLFLAG_PERMANENT|CTLFLAG_READWRITE,
		       CTLTYPE_INT, "rtc_offset",
		       SYSCTL_DESCR("Offset of real time clock from UTC in "
				    "minutes"),
		       sysctl_kern_rtc_offset, 0, &rtc_offset, 0,
		       CTL_KERN, KERN_RTC_OFFSET, CTL_EOL);
	sysctl_createv(clog, 0, NULL, NULL,
		       CTLFLAG_PERMANENT,
		       CTLTYPE_STRING, "root_device",
		       SYSCTL_DESCR("Name of the root device"),
		       sysctl_root_device, 0, NULL, 0,
		       CTL_KERN, KERN_ROOT_DEVICE, CTL_EOL);
	sysctl_createv(clog, 0, NULL, NULL,
		       CTLFLAG_PERMANENT,
		       CTLTYPE_INT, "msgbufsize",
		       SYSCTL_DESCR("Size of the kernel message buffer"),
		       sysctl_msgbuf, 0, NULL, 0,
		       CTL_KERN, KERN_MSGBUFSIZE, CTL_EOL);
	sysctl_createv(clog, 0, NULL, NULL,
		       CTLFLAG_PERMANENT|CTLFLAG_IMMEDIATE,
		       CTLTYPE_INT, "fsync",
		       SYSCTL_DESCR("Whether the POSIX 1003.1b File "
				    "Synchronization Option is available on "
				    "this system"),
		       NULL, 1, NULL, 0,
		       CTL_KERN, KERN_FSYNC, CTL_EOL);
	sysctl_createv(clog, 0, NULL, NULL,
		       CTLFLAG_PERMANENT,
		       CTLTYPE_NODE, "ipc",
		       SYSCTL_DESCR("SysV IPC options"),
		       NULL, 0, NULL, 0,
		       CTL_KERN, KERN_SYSVIPC, CTL_EOL);
	sysctl_createv(clog, 0, NULL, NULL,
		       CTLFLAG_PERMANENT|CTLFLAG_IMMEDIATE,
		       CTLTYPE_INT, "sysvmsg",
		       SYSCTL_DESCR("System V style message support available"),
		       NULL,
#ifdef SYSVMSG
		       1,
#else /* SYSVMSG */
		       0,
#endif /* SYSVMSG */
		       NULL, 0, CTL_KERN, KERN_SYSVIPC, KERN_SYSVIPC_MSG, CTL_EOL);
	sysctl_createv(clog, 0, NULL, NULL,
		       CTLFLAG_PERMANENT|CTLFLAG_IMMEDIATE,
		       CTLTYPE_INT, "sysvsem",
		       SYSCTL_DESCR("System V style semaphore support "
				    "available"), NULL,
#ifdef SYSVSEM
		       1,
#else /* SYSVSEM */
		       0,
#endif /* SYSVSEM */
		       NULL, 0, CTL_KERN, KERN_SYSVIPC, KERN_SYSVIPC_SEM, CTL_EOL);
	sysctl_createv(clog, 0, NULL, NULL,
		       CTLFLAG_PERMANENT|CTLFLAG_IMMEDIATE,
		       CTLTYPE_INT, "sysvshm",
		       SYSCTL_DESCR("System V style shared memory support "
				    "available"), NULL,
#ifdef SYSVSHM
		       1,
#else /* SYSVSHM */
		       0,
#endif /* SYSVSHM */
		       NULL, 0, CTL_KERN, KERN_SYSVIPC, KERN_SYSVIPC_SHM, CTL_EOL);
	sysctl_createv(clog, 0, NULL, NULL,
		       CTLFLAG_PERMANENT|CTLFLAG_IMMEDIATE,
		       CTLTYPE_INT, "synchronized_io",
		       SYSCTL_DESCR("Whether the POSIX 1003.1b Synchronized "
				    "I/O Option is available on this system"),
		       NULL, 1, NULL, 0,
		       CTL_KERN, KERN_SYNCHRONIZED_IO, CTL_EOL);
	sysctl_createv(clog, 0, NULL, NULL,
		       CTLFLAG_PERMANENT|CTLFLAG_IMMEDIATE,
		       CTLTYPE_INT, "iov_max",
		       SYSCTL_DESCR("Maximum number of iovec structures per "
				    "process"),
		       NULL, IOV_MAX, NULL, 0,
		       CTL_KERN, KERN_IOV_MAX, CTL_EOL);
	sysctl_createv(clog, 0, NULL, NULL,
		       CTLFLAG_PERMANENT|CTLFLAG_IMMEDIATE,
		       CTLTYPE_INT, "mapped_files",
		       SYSCTL_DESCR("Whether the POSIX 1003.1b Memory Mapped "
				    "Files Option is available on this system"),
		       NULL, 1, NULL, 0,
		       CTL_KERN, KERN_MAPPED_FILES, CTL_EOL);
	sysctl_createv(clog, 0, NULL, NULL,
		       CTLFLAG_PERMANENT|CTLFLAG_IMMEDIATE,
		       CTLTYPE_INT, "memlock",
		       SYSCTL_DESCR("Whether the POSIX 1003.1b Process Memory "
				    "Locking Option is available on this "
				    "system"),
		       NULL, 1, NULL, 0,
		       CTL_KERN, KERN_MEMLOCK, CTL_EOL);
	sysctl_createv(clog, 0, NULL, NULL,
		       CTLFLAG_PERMANENT|CTLFLAG_IMMEDIATE,
		       CTLTYPE_INT, "memlock_range",
		       SYSCTL_DESCR("Whether the POSIX 1003.1b Range Memory "
				    "Locking Option is available on this "
				    "system"),
		       NULL, 1, NULL, 0,
		       CTL_KERN, KERN_MEMLOCK_RANGE, CTL_EOL);
	sysctl_createv(clog, 0, NULL, NULL,
		       CTLFLAG_PERMANENT|CTLFLAG_IMMEDIATE,
		       CTLTYPE_INT, "memory_protection",
		       SYSCTL_DESCR("Whether the POSIX 1003.1b Memory "
				    "Protection Option is available on this "
				    "system"),
		       NULL, 1, NULL, 0,
		       CTL_KERN, KERN_MEMORY_PROTECTION, CTL_EOL);
	sysctl_createv(clog, 0, NULL, NULL,
		       CTLFLAG_PERMANENT|CTLFLAG_IMMEDIATE,
		       CTLTYPE_INT, "login_name_max",
		       SYSCTL_DESCR("Maximum login name length"),
		       NULL, LOGIN_NAME_MAX, NULL, 0,
		       CTL_KERN, KERN_LOGIN_NAME_MAX, CTL_EOL);
	sysctl_createv(clog, 0, NULL, NULL,
		       CTLFLAG_PERMANENT|CTLFLAG_READWRITE,
		       CTLTYPE_STRING, "defcorename",
		       SYSCTL_DESCR("Default core file name"),
		       sysctl_kern_defcorename, 0, defcorename, MAXPATHLEN,
		       CTL_KERN, KERN_DEFCORENAME, CTL_EOL);
	sysctl_createv(clog, 0, NULL, NULL,
		       CTLFLAG_PERMANENT|CTLFLAG_READWRITE,
		       CTLTYPE_INT, "logsigexit",
		       SYSCTL_DESCR("Log process exit when caused by signals"),
		       NULL, 0, &kern_logsigexit, 0,
		       CTL_KERN, KERN_LOGSIGEXIT, CTL_EOL);
	sysctl_createv(clog, 0, NULL, NULL,
		       CTLFLAG_PERMANENT|CTLFLAG_IMMEDIATE,
		       CTLTYPE_INT, "fscale",
		       SYSCTL_DESCR("Kernel fixed-point scale factor"),
		       NULL, FSCALE, NULL, 0,
		       CTL_KERN, KERN_FSCALE, CTL_EOL);
	sysctl_createv(clog, 0, NULL, NULL,
		       CTLFLAG_PERMANENT,
		       CTLTYPE_INT, "ccpu",
		       SYSCTL_DESCR("Scheduler exponential decay value"),
		       NULL, 0, &ccpu, 0,
		       CTL_KERN, KERN_CCPU, CTL_EOL);
	sysctl_createv(clog, 0, NULL, NULL,
		       CTLFLAG_PERMANENT,
		       CTLTYPE_STRUCT, "cp_time",
		       SYSCTL_DESCR("Clock ticks spent in different CPU states"),
		       sysctl_kern_cptime, 0, NULL, 0,
		       CTL_KERN, KERN_CP_TIME, CTL_EOL);
	sysctl_createv(clog, 0, NULL, NULL,
		       CTLFLAG_PERMANENT,
		       CTLTYPE_INT, "msgbuf",
		       SYSCTL_DESCR("Kernel message buffer"),
		       sysctl_msgbuf, 0, NULL, 0,
		       CTL_KERN, KERN_MSGBUF, CTL_EOL);
	sysctl_createv(clog, 0, NULL, NULL,
		       CTLFLAG_PERMANENT,
		       CTLTYPE_STRUCT, "consdev",
		       SYSCTL_DESCR("Console device"),
		       sysctl_consdev, 0, NULL, sizeof(dev_t),
		       CTL_KERN, KERN_CONSDEV, CTL_EOL);
#if NPTY > 0
	sysctl_createv(clog, 0, NULL, NULL,
		       CTLFLAG_PERMANENT,
		       CTLTYPE_INT, "maxptys",
		       SYSCTL_DESCR("Maximum number of pseudo-ttys"),
		       sysctl_kern_maxptys, 0, NULL, 0,
		       CTL_KERN, KERN_MAXPTYS, CTL_EOL);
#endif /* NPTY > 0 */
	sysctl_createv(clog, 0, NULL, NULL,
		       CTLFLAG_PERMANENT|CTLFLAG_IMMEDIATE,
		       CTLTYPE_INT, "maxphys",
		       SYSCTL_DESCR("Maximum raw I/O transfer size"),
		       NULL, MAXPHYS, NULL, 0,
		       CTL_KERN, KERN_MAXPHYS, CTL_EOL);
	sysctl_createv(clog, 0, NULL, NULL,
		       CTLFLAG_PERMANENT|CTLFLAG_READWRITE,
		       CTLTYPE_INT, "sbmax",
		       SYSCTL_DESCR("Maximum socket buffer size"),
		       sysctl_kern_sbmax, 0, NULL, 0,
		       CTL_KERN, KERN_SBMAX, CTL_EOL);
	sysctl_createv(clog, 0, NULL, NULL,
		       CTLFLAG_PERMANENT|CTLFLAG_IMMEDIATE,
		       CTLTYPE_INT, "monotonic_clock",
		       SYSCTL_DESCR("Implementation version of the POSIX "
				    "1003.1b Monotonic Clock Option"),
		       /* XXX _POSIX_VERSION */
		       NULL, _POSIX_MONOTONIC_CLOCK, NULL, 0,
		       CTL_KERN, KERN_MONOTONIC_CLOCK, CTL_EOL);
	sysctl_createv(clog, 0, NULL, NULL,
		       CTLFLAG_PERMANENT,
		       CTLTYPE_INT, "urandom",
		       SYSCTL_DESCR("Random integer value"),
		       sysctl_kern_urnd, 0, NULL, 0,
		       CTL_KERN, KERN_URND, CTL_EOL);
	sysctl_createv(clog, 0, NULL, NULL,
		       CTLFLAG_PERMANENT,
		       CTLTYPE_INT, "arandom",
		       SYSCTL_DESCR("n bytes of random data"),
		       sysctl_kern_arnd, 0, NULL, 0,
		       CTL_KERN, KERN_ARND, CTL_EOL);
	sysctl_createv(clog, 0, NULL, NULL,
		       CTLFLAG_PERMANENT|CTLFLAG_IMMEDIATE,
		       CTLTYPE_INT, "labelsector",
		       SYSCTL_DESCR("Sector number containing the disklabel"),
		       NULL, LABELSECTOR, NULL, 0,
		       CTL_KERN, KERN_LABELSECTOR, CTL_EOL);
	sysctl_createv(clog, 0, NULL, NULL,
		       CTLFLAG_PERMANENT|CTLFLAG_IMMEDIATE,
		       CTLTYPE_INT, "labeloffset",
		       SYSCTL_DESCR("Offset of the disklabel within the "
				    "sector"),
		       NULL, LABELOFFSET, NULL, 0,
		       CTL_KERN, KERN_LABELOFFSET, CTL_EOL);
	sysctl_createv(clog, 0, NULL, NULL,
		       CTLFLAG_PERMANENT,
		       CTLTYPE_NODE, "lwp",
		       SYSCTL_DESCR("System-wide LWP information"),
		       sysctl_kern_lwp, 0, NULL, 0,
		       CTL_KERN, KERN_LWP, CTL_EOL);
	sysctl_createv(clog, 0, NULL, NULL,
		       CTLFLAG_PERMANENT|CTLFLAG_READWRITE,
		       CTLTYPE_INT, "forkfsleep",
		       SYSCTL_DESCR("Milliseconds to sleep on fork failure due "
				    "to process limits"),
		       sysctl_kern_forkfsleep, 0, NULL, 0,
		       CTL_KERN, KERN_FORKFSLEEP, CTL_EOL);
	sysctl_createv(clog, 0, NULL, NULL,
		       CTLFLAG_PERMANENT|CTLFLAG_IMMEDIATE,
		       CTLTYPE_INT, "posix_threads",
		       SYSCTL_DESCR("Version of IEEE Std 1003.1 and its "
				    "Threads option to which the system "
				    "attempts to conform"),
		       /* XXX _POSIX_VERSION */
		       NULL, _POSIX_THREADS, NULL, 0,
		       CTL_KERN, KERN_POSIX_THREADS, CTL_EOL);
	sysctl_createv(clog, 0, NULL, NULL,
		       CTLFLAG_PERMANENT,
		       CTLTYPE_INT, "posix_semaphores",
		       SYSCTL_DESCR("Version of IEEE Std 1003.1 and its "
				    "Semaphores option to which the system "
				    "attempts to conform"), NULL,
		       0, &posix_semaphores,
		       0, CTL_KERN, KERN_POSIX_SEMAPHORES, CTL_EOL);
	sysctl_createv(clog, 0, NULL, NULL,
		       CTLFLAG_PERMANENT|CTLFLAG_IMMEDIATE,
		       CTLTYPE_INT, "posix_barriers",
		       SYSCTL_DESCR("Version of IEEE Std 1003.1 and its "
				    "Barriers option to which the system "
				    "attempts to conform"),
		       /* XXX _POSIX_VERSION */
		       NULL, _POSIX_BARRIERS, NULL, 0,
		       CTL_KERN, KERN_POSIX_BARRIERS, CTL_EOL);
	sysctl_createv(clog, 0, NULL, NULL,
		       CTLFLAG_PERMANENT|CTLFLAG_IMMEDIATE,
		       CTLTYPE_INT, "posix_timers",
		       SYSCTL_DESCR("Version of IEEE Std 1003.1 and its "
				    "Timers option to which the system "
				    "attempts to conform"),
		       /* XXX _POSIX_VERSION */
		       NULL, _POSIX_TIMERS, NULL, 0,
		       CTL_KERN, KERN_POSIX_TIMERS, CTL_EOL);
	sysctl_createv(clog, 0, NULL, NULL,
		       CTLFLAG_PERMANENT|CTLFLAG_IMMEDIATE,
		       CTLTYPE_INT, "posix_spin_locks",
		       SYSCTL_DESCR("Version of IEEE Std 1003.1 and its Spin "
				    "Locks option to which the system attempts "
				    "to conform"),
		       /* XXX _POSIX_VERSION */
		       NULL, _POSIX_SPIN_LOCKS, NULL, 0,
		       CTL_KERN, KERN_POSIX_SPIN_LOCKS, CTL_EOL);
	sysctl_createv(clog, 0, NULL, NULL,
		       CTLFLAG_PERMANENT|CTLFLAG_IMMEDIATE,
		       CTLTYPE_INT, "posix_reader_writer_locks",
		       SYSCTL_DESCR("Version of IEEE Std 1003.1 and its "
				    "Read-Write Locks option to which the "
				    "system attempts to conform"),
		       /* XXX _POSIX_VERSION */
		       NULL, _POSIX_READER_WRITER_LOCKS, NULL, 0,
		       CTL_KERN, KERN_POSIX_READER_WRITER_LOCKS, CTL_EOL);
	sysctl_createv(clog, 0, NULL, NULL,
		       CTLFLAG_PERMANENT|CTLFLAG_READWRITE,
		       CTLTYPE_INT, "dump_on_panic",
		       SYSCTL_DESCR("Perform a crash dump on system panic"),
		       NULL, 0, &dumponpanic, 0,
		       CTL_KERN, KERN_DUMP_ON_PANIC, CTL_EOL);
#ifdef DIAGNOSTIC
	sysctl_createv(clog, 0, NULL, NULL,
		       CTLFLAG_PERMANENT|CTLFLAG_READWRITE,
		       CTLTYPE_INT, "panic_now",
		       SYSCTL_DESCR("Trigger a panic"),
		       sysctl_kern_trigger_panic, 0, NULL, 0,
		       CTL_KERN, CTL_CREATE, CTL_EOL);
#endif
	sysctl_createv(clog, 0, NULL, NULL,
		       CTLFLAG_PERMANENT,
		       CTLTYPE_INT, "root_partition",
		       SYSCTL_DESCR("Root partition on the root device"),
		       sysctl_kern_root_partition, 0, NULL, 0,
		       CTL_KERN, KERN_ROOT_PARTITION, CTL_EOL);
	sysctl_createv(clog, 0, NULL, NULL,
		       CTLFLAG_PERMANENT,
		       CTLTYPE_STRUCT, "drivers",
		       SYSCTL_DESCR("List of all drivers with block and "
				    "character device numbers"),
		       sysctl_kern_drivers, 0, NULL, 0,
		       CTL_KERN, KERN_DRIVERS, CTL_EOL);
	sysctl_createv(clog, 0, NULL, NULL,
		       CTLFLAG_PERMANENT,
		       CTLTYPE_STRUCT, "file2",
		       SYSCTL_DESCR("System open file table"),
		       sysctl_kern_file2, 0, NULL, 0,
		       CTL_KERN, KERN_FILE2, CTL_EOL);
	sysctl_createv(clog, 0, NULL, NULL,
		       CTLFLAG_PERMANENT,
		       CTLTYPE_STRUCT, "cp_id",
		       SYSCTL_DESCR("Mapping of CPU number to CPU id"),
		       sysctl_kern_cpid, 0, NULL, 0,
		       CTL_KERN, KERN_CP_ID, CTL_EOL);
	sysctl_createv(clog, 0, NULL, &rnode,
		       CTLFLAG_PERMANENT,
		       CTLTYPE_NODE, "coredump",
		       SYSCTL_DESCR("Coredump settings."),
		       NULL, 0, NULL, 0,
		       CTL_KERN, CTL_CREATE, CTL_EOL);
	sysctl_createv(clog, 0, &rnode, &rnode,
		       CTLFLAG_PERMANENT,
		       CTLTYPE_NODE, "setid",
		       SYSCTL_DESCR("Set-id processes' coredump settings."),
		       NULL, 0, NULL, 0,
		       CTL_CREATE, CTL_EOL);
	sysctl_createv(clog, 0, &rnode, NULL,
		       CTLFLAG_PERMANENT|CTLFLAG_READWRITE,
		       CTLTYPE_INT, "dump",
		       SYSCTL_DESCR("Allow set-id processes to dump core."),
		       sysctl_security_setidcore, 0, &security_setidcore_dump,
		       sizeof(security_setidcore_dump),
		       CTL_CREATE, CTL_EOL);
	sysctl_createv(clog, 0, &rnode, NULL,
		       CTLFLAG_PERMANENT|CTLFLAG_READWRITE,
		       CTLTYPE_STRING, "path",
		       SYSCTL_DESCR("Path pattern for set-id coredumps."),
		       sysctl_security_setidcorename, 0,
		       &security_setidcore_path,
		       sizeof(security_setidcore_path),
		       CTL_CREATE, CTL_EOL);
	sysctl_createv(clog, 0, &rnode, NULL,
		       CTLFLAG_PERMANENT|CTLFLAG_READWRITE,
		       CTLTYPE_INT, "owner",
		       SYSCTL_DESCR("Owner id for set-id processes' cores."),
		       sysctl_security_setidcore, 0, &security_setidcore_owner,
		       0,
		       CTL_CREATE, CTL_EOL);
	sysctl_createv(clog, 0, &rnode, NULL,
		       CTLFLAG_PERMANENT|CTLFLAG_READWRITE,
		       CTLTYPE_INT, "group",
		       SYSCTL_DESCR("Group id for set-id processes' cores."),
		       sysctl_security_setidcore, 0, &security_setidcore_group,
		       0,
		       CTL_CREATE, CTL_EOL);
	sysctl_createv(clog, 0, &rnode, NULL,
		       CTLFLAG_PERMANENT|CTLFLAG_READWRITE,
		       CTLTYPE_INT, "mode",
		       SYSCTL_DESCR("Mode for set-id processes' cores."),
		       sysctl_security_setidcore, 0, &security_setidcore_mode,
		       0,
		       CTL_CREATE, CTL_EOL);
#ifdef KERN_SA
	sysctl_createv(clog, 0, NULL, NULL,
		       CTLFLAG_PERMANENT|CTLFLAG_READWRITE,
		       CTLTYPE_INT, "no_sa_support",
		       SYSCTL_DESCR("0 if the kernel supports SA, otherwise it doesn't"),
		       NULL, 0, &sa_system_disabled, 0,
		       CTL_KERN, CTL_CREATE, CTL_EOL);
#else
	sysctl_createv(clog, 0, NULL, NULL,
		       CTLFLAG_PERMANENT|CTLFLAG_IMMEDIATE,
		       CTLTYPE_INT, "no_sa_support",
		       SYSCTL_DESCR("0 if the kernel supports SA, otherwise it doesn't"),
		       NULL, 1, NULL, 0,
		       CTL_KERN, CTL_CREATE, CTL_EOL);
#endif

	/* kern.posix. */
	sysctl_createv(clog, 0, NULL, &rnode,
			CTLFLAG_PERMANENT,
			CTLTYPE_NODE, "posix",
			SYSCTL_DESCR("POSIX options"),
			NULL, 0, NULL, 0,
			CTL_KERN, CTL_CREATE, CTL_EOL);
	sysctl_createv(clog, 0, &rnode, NULL,
			CTLFLAG_PERMANENT | CTLFLAG_READWRITE,
			CTLTYPE_INT, "semmax",
			SYSCTL_DESCR("Maximal number of semaphores"),
			NULL, 0, &ksem_max, 0,
			CTL_CREATE, CTL_EOL);
}

SYSCTL_SETUP(sysctl_kern_proc_setup,
	     "sysctl kern.proc/proc2/proc_args subtree setup")
{

	sysctl_createv(clog, 0, NULL, NULL,
		       CTLFLAG_PERMANENT,
		       CTLTYPE_NODE, "kern", NULL,
		       NULL, 0, NULL, 0,
		       CTL_KERN, CTL_EOL);

	sysctl_createv(clog, 0, NULL, NULL,
		       CTLFLAG_PERMANENT,
		       CTLTYPE_NODE, "proc",
		       SYSCTL_DESCR("System-wide process information"),
		       sysctl_doeproc, 0, NULL, 0,
		       CTL_KERN, KERN_PROC, CTL_EOL);
	sysctl_createv(clog, 0, NULL, NULL,
		       CTLFLAG_PERMANENT,
		       CTLTYPE_NODE, "proc2",
		       SYSCTL_DESCR("Machine-independent process information"),
		       sysctl_doeproc, 0, NULL, 0,
		       CTL_KERN, KERN_PROC2, CTL_EOL);
	sysctl_createv(clog, 0, NULL, NULL,
		       CTLFLAG_PERMANENT,
		       CTLTYPE_NODE, "proc_args",
		       SYSCTL_DESCR("Process argument information"),
		       sysctl_kern_proc_args, 0, NULL, 0,
		       CTL_KERN, KERN_PROC_ARGS, CTL_EOL);

	/*
	  "nodes" under these:

	  KERN_PROC_ALL
	  KERN_PROC_PID pid
	  KERN_PROC_PGRP pgrp
	  KERN_PROC_SESSION sess
	  KERN_PROC_TTY tty
	  KERN_PROC_UID uid
	  KERN_PROC_RUID uid
	  KERN_PROC_GID gid
	  KERN_PROC_RGID gid

	  all in all, probably not worth the effort...
	*/
}

SYSCTL_SETUP(sysctl_hw_setup, "sysctl hw subtree setup")
{
	u_int u;
	u_quad_t q;

	sysctl_createv(clog, 0, NULL, NULL,
		       CTLFLAG_PERMANENT,
		       CTLTYPE_NODE, "hw", NULL,
		       NULL, 0, NULL, 0,
		       CTL_HW, CTL_EOL);

	sysctl_createv(clog, 0, NULL, NULL,
		       CTLFLAG_PERMANENT,
		       CTLTYPE_STRING, "machine",
		       SYSCTL_DESCR("Machine class"),
		       NULL, 0, machine, 0,
		       CTL_HW, HW_MACHINE, CTL_EOL);
	sysctl_createv(clog, 0, NULL, NULL,
		       CTLFLAG_PERMANENT,
		       CTLTYPE_STRING, "model",
		       SYSCTL_DESCR("Machine model"),
		       NULL, 0, cpu_model, 0,
		       CTL_HW, HW_MODEL, CTL_EOL);
	sysctl_createv(clog, 0, NULL, NULL,
		       CTLFLAG_PERMANENT,
		       CTLTYPE_INT, "ncpu",
		       SYSCTL_DESCR("Number of CPUs configured"),
		       NULL, 0, &ncpu, 0,
		       CTL_HW, HW_NCPU, CTL_EOL);
	sysctl_createv(clog, 0, NULL, NULL,
		       CTLFLAG_PERMANENT|CTLFLAG_IMMEDIATE,
		       CTLTYPE_INT, "byteorder",
		       SYSCTL_DESCR("System byte order"),
		       NULL, BYTE_ORDER, NULL, 0,
		       CTL_HW, HW_BYTEORDER, CTL_EOL);
	u = ((u_int)physmem > (UINT_MAX / PAGE_SIZE)) ?
		UINT_MAX : physmem * PAGE_SIZE;
	sysctl_createv(clog, 0, NULL, NULL,
		       CTLFLAG_PERMANENT|CTLFLAG_IMMEDIATE,
		       CTLTYPE_INT, "physmem",
		       SYSCTL_DESCR("Bytes of physical memory"),
		       NULL, u, NULL, 0,
		       CTL_HW, HW_PHYSMEM, CTL_EOL);
	sysctl_createv(clog, 0, NULL, NULL,
		       CTLFLAG_PERMANENT,
		       CTLTYPE_INT, "usermem",
		       SYSCTL_DESCR("Bytes of non-kernel memory"),
		       sysctl_hw_usermem, 0, NULL, 0,
		       CTL_HW, HW_USERMEM, CTL_EOL);
	sysctl_createv(clog, 0, NULL, NULL,
		       CTLFLAG_PERMANENT|CTLFLAG_IMMEDIATE,
		       CTLTYPE_INT, "pagesize",
		       SYSCTL_DESCR("Software page size"),
		       NULL, PAGE_SIZE, NULL, 0,
		       CTL_HW, HW_PAGESIZE, CTL_EOL);
	sysctl_createv(clog, 0, NULL, NULL,
		       CTLFLAG_PERMANENT,
		       CTLTYPE_STRING, "machine_arch",
		       SYSCTL_DESCR("Machine CPU class"),
		       NULL, 0, machine_arch, 0,
		       CTL_HW, HW_MACHINE_ARCH, CTL_EOL);
	sysctl_createv(clog, 0, NULL, NULL,
		       CTLFLAG_PERMANENT|CTLFLAG_IMMEDIATE,
		       CTLTYPE_INT, "alignbytes",
		       SYSCTL_DESCR("Alignment constraint for all possible "
				    "data types"),
		       NULL, ALIGNBYTES, NULL, 0,
		       CTL_HW, HW_ALIGNBYTES, CTL_EOL);
	sysctl_createv(clog, 0, NULL, NULL,
		       CTLFLAG_PERMANENT|CTLFLAG_READWRITE|CTLFLAG_HEX,
		       CTLTYPE_STRING, "cnmagic",
		       SYSCTL_DESCR("Console magic key sequence"),
		       sysctl_hw_cnmagic, 0, NULL, CNS_LEN,
		       CTL_HW, HW_CNMAGIC, CTL_EOL);
	q = (u_quad_t)physmem * PAGE_SIZE;
	sysctl_createv(clog, 0, NULL, NULL,
		       CTLFLAG_PERMANENT|CTLFLAG_IMMEDIATE,
		       CTLTYPE_QUAD, "physmem64",
		       SYSCTL_DESCR("Bytes of physical memory"),
		       NULL, q, NULL, 0,
		       CTL_HW, HW_PHYSMEM64, CTL_EOL);
	sysctl_createv(clog, 0, NULL, NULL,
		       CTLFLAG_PERMANENT,
		       CTLTYPE_QUAD, "usermem64",
		       SYSCTL_DESCR("Bytes of non-kernel memory"),
		       sysctl_hw_usermem, 0, NULL, 0,
		       CTL_HW, HW_USERMEM64, CTL_EOL);
	sysctl_createv(clog, 0, NULL, NULL,
		       CTLFLAG_PERMANENT,
		       CTLTYPE_INT, "ncpuonline",
		       SYSCTL_DESCR("Number of CPUs online"),
		       NULL, 0, &ncpuonline, 0,
		       CTL_HW, HW_NCPUONLINE, CTL_EOL);
}

#ifdef DEBUG
/*
 * Debugging related system variables.
 */
struct ctldebug /* debug0, */ /* debug1, */ debug2, debug3, debug4;
struct ctldebug debug5, debug6, debug7, debug8, debug9;
struct ctldebug debug10, debug11, debug12, debug13, debug14;
struct ctldebug debug15, debug16, debug17, debug18, debug19;
static struct ctldebug *debugvars[CTL_DEBUG_MAXID] = {
	&debug0, &debug1, &debug2, &debug3, &debug4,
	&debug5, &debug6, &debug7, &debug8, &debug9,
	&debug10, &debug11, &debug12, &debug13, &debug14,
	&debug15, &debug16, &debug17, &debug18, &debug19,
};

/*
 * this setup routine is a replacement for debug_sysctl()
 *
 * note that it creates several nodes per defined debug variable
 */
SYSCTL_SETUP(sysctl_debug_setup, "sysctl debug subtree setup")
{
	struct ctldebug *cdp;
	char nodename[20];
	int i;

	/*
	 * two ways here:
	 *
	 * the "old" way (debug.name -> value) which was emulated by
	 * the sysctl(8) binary
	 *
	 * the new way, which the sysctl(8) binary was actually using

	 node	debug
	 node	debug.0
	 string debug.0.name
	 int	debug.0.value
	 int	debug.name

	 */

	sysctl_createv(clog, 0, NULL, NULL,
		       CTLFLAG_PERMANENT,
		       CTLTYPE_NODE, "debug", NULL,
		       NULL, 0, NULL, 0,
		       CTL_DEBUG, CTL_EOL);

	for (i = 0; i < CTL_DEBUG_MAXID; i++) {
		cdp = debugvars[i];
		if (cdp->debugname == NULL || cdp->debugvar == NULL)
			continue;

		snprintf(nodename, sizeof(nodename), "debug%d", i);
		sysctl_createv(clog, 0, NULL, NULL,
			       CTLFLAG_PERMANENT|CTLFLAG_HIDDEN,
			       CTLTYPE_NODE, nodename, NULL,
			       NULL, 0, NULL, 0,
			       CTL_DEBUG, i, CTL_EOL);
		sysctl_createv(clog, 0, NULL, NULL,
			       CTLFLAG_PERMANENT|CTLFLAG_HIDDEN,
			       CTLTYPE_STRING, "name", NULL,
			       /*XXXUNCONST*/
			       NULL, 0, __UNCONST(cdp->debugname), 0,
			       CTL_DEBUG, i, CTL_DEBUG_NAME, CTL_EOL);
		sysctl_createv(clog, 0, NULL, NULL,
			       CTLFLAG_PERMANENT|CTLFLAG_HIDDEN,
			       CTLTYPE_INT, "value", NULL,
			       NULL, 0, cdp->debugvar, 0,
			       CTL_DEBUG, i, CTL_DEBUG_VALUE, CTL_EOL);
		sysctl_createv(clog, 0, NULL, NULL,
			       CTLFLAG_PERMANENT,
			       CTLTYPE_INT, cdp->debugname, NULL,
			       NULL, 0, cdp->debugvar, 0,
			       CTL_DEBUG, CTL_CREATE, CTL_EOL);
	}
}
#endif /* DEBUG */

/*
 * ********************************************************************
 * section 2: private node-specific helper routines.
 * ********************************************************************
 */

#ifdef DIAGNOSTIC
static int
sysctl_kern_trigger_panic(SYSCTLFN_ARGS)
{
	int newtrig, error;
	struct sysctlnode node;

	newtrig = 0;
	node = *rnode;
	node.sysctl_data = &newtrig;
	error = sysctl_lookup(SYSCTLFN_CALL(&node));
	if (error || newp == NULL)
		return (error);

	if (newtrig != 0)
		panic("Panic triggered");

	return (error);
}
#endif

/*
 * sysctl helper routine for kern.maxvnodes.  Drain vnodes if
 * new value is lower than desiredvnodes and then calls reinit
 * routines that needs to adjust to the new value.
 */
static int
sysctl_kern_maxvnodes(SYSCTLFN_ARGS)
{
	int error, new_vnodes, old_vnodes, new_max;
	struct sysctlnode node;

	new_vnodes = desiredvnodes;
	node = *rnode;
	node.sysctl_data = &new_vnodes;
	error = sysctl_lookup(SYSCTLFN_CALL(&node));
	if (error || newp == NULL)
		return (error);

	/* Limits: 75% of KVA and physical memory. */
	new_max = calc_cache_size(kernel_map, 75, 75) / VNODE_COST;
	if (new_vnodes > new_max)
		new_vnodes = new_max;

	old_vnodes = desiredvnodes;
	desiredvnodes = new_vnodes;
	if (new_vnodes < old_vnodes) {
		error = vfs_drainvnodes(new_vnodes, l);
		if (error) {
			desiredvnodes = old_vnodes;
			return (error);
		}
	}
	vfs_reinit();
	nchreinit();

	return (0);
}

/*
 * sysctl helper routine for rtc_offset - set time after changes
 */
static int
sysctl_kern_rtc_offset(SYSCTLFN_ARGS)
{
	struct timespec ts, delta;
	int error, new_rtc_offset;
	struct sysctlnode node;

	new_rtc_offset = rtc_offset;
	node = *rnode;
	node.sysctl_data = &new_rtc_offset;
	error = sysctl_lookup(SYSCTLFN_CALL(&node));
	if (error || newp == NULL)
		return (error);

	if (kauth_authorize_system(l->l_cred, KAUTH_SYSTEM_TIME,
	    KAUTH_REQ_SYSTEM_TIME_RTCOFFSET,
	    KAUTH_ARG(new_rtc_offset), NULL, NULL))
		return (EPERM);
	if (rtc_offset == new_rtc_offset)
		return (0);

	/* if we change the offset, adjust the time */
	nanotime(&ts);
	delta.tv_sec = 60 * (new_rtc_offset - rtc_offset);
	delta.tv_nsec = 0;
	timespecadd(&ts, &delta, &ts);
	rtc_offset = new_rtc_offset;
	return (settime(l->l_proc, &ts));
}

/*
 * sysctl helper routine for kern.maxproc. Ensures that the new
 * values are not too low or too high.
 */
static int
sysctl_kern_maxproc(SYSCTLFN_ARGS)
{
	int error, nmaxproc;
	struct sysctlnode node;

	nmaxproc = maxproc;
	node = *rnode;
	node.sysctl_data = &nmaxproc;
	error = sysctl_lookup(SYSCTLFN_CALL(&node));
	if (error || newp == NULL)
		return (error);

	if (nmaxproc < 0 || nmaxproc >= PID_MAX)
		return (EINVAL);
#ifdef __HAVE_CPU_MAXPROC
	if (nmaxproc > cpu_maxproc())
		return (EINVAL);
#endif
	maxproc = nmaxproc;

	return (0);
}

/*
 * sysctl helper function for kern.hostid. The hostid is a long, but
 * we export it as an int, so we need to give it a little help.
 */
static int
sysctl_kern_hostid(SYSCTLFN_ARGS)
{
	int error, inthostid;
	struct sysctlnode node;

	inthostid = hostid;  /* XXX assumes sizeof int <= sizeof long */
	node = *rnode;
	node.sysctl_data = &inthostid;
	error = sysctl_lookup(SYSCTLFN_CALL(&node));
	if (error || newp == NULL)
		return (error);

	hostid = (unsigned)inthostid;

	return (0);
}

/*
 * sysctl helper function for kern.hostname and kern.domainnname.
 * resets the relevant recorded length when the underlying name is
 * changed.
 */
static int
sysctl_setlen(SYSCTLFN_ARGS)
{
	int error;

	error = sysctl_lookup(SYSCTLFN_CALL(rnode));
	if (error || newp == NULL)
		return (error);

	switch (rnode->sysctl_num) {
	case KERN_HOSTNAME:
		hostnamelen = strlen((const char*)rnode->sysctl_data);
		break;
	case KERN_DOMAINNAME:
		domainnamelen = strlen((const char*)rnode->sysctl_data);
		break;
	}

	return (0);
}

/*
 * sysctl helper routine for kern.clockrate. Assembles a struct on
 * the fly to be returned to the caller.
 */
static int
sysctl_kern_clockrate(SYSCTLFN_ARGS)
{
	struct clockinfo clkinfo;
	struct sysctlnode node;

	clkinfo.tick = tick;
	clkinfo.tickadj = tickadj;
	clkinfo.hz = hz;
	clkinfo.profhz = profhz;
	clkinfo.stathz = stathz ? stathz : hz;

	node = *rnode;
	node.sysctl_data = &clkinfo;
	return (sysctl_lookup(SYSCTLFN_CALL(&node)));
}


/*
 * sysctl helper routine for kern.file pseudo-subtree.
 */
static int
sysctl_kern_file(SYSCTLFN_ARGS)
{
	int error;
	size_t buflen;
	struct file *fp, *dp, *np, fbuf;
	char *start, *where;

	start = where = oldp;
	buflen = *oldlenp;
	dp = NULL;

	if (where == NULL) {
		/*
		 * overestimate by 10 files
		 */
		*oldlenp = sizeof(filehead) + (nfiles + 10) *
		    sizeof(struct file);
		return (0);
	}

	/*
	 * first dcopyout filehead
	 */
	if (buflen < sizeof(filehead)) {
		*oldlenp = 0;
		return (0);
	}
	sysctl_unlock();
	error = dcopyout(l, &filehead, where, sizeof(filehead));
	if (error) {
	 	sysctl_relock();
		return error;
	}
	buflen -= sizeof(filehead);
	where += sizeof(filehead);

	/*
	 * allocate dummy file descriptor to make position in list
	 */
	if ((dp = fgetdummy()) == NULL) {
	 	sysctl_relock();
		return ENOMEM;
	}

	/*
	 * followed by an array of file structures
	 */
	mutex_enter(&filelist_lock);
	for (fp = LIST_FIRST(&filehead); fp != NULL; fp = np) {
	    	np = LIST_NEXT(fp, f_list);
	    	mutex_enter(&fp->f_lock);
	    	if (fp->f_count == 0) {
		    	mutex_exit(&fp->f_lock);
	    		continue;
		}
		/*
		 * XXX Need to prevent that from being an alternative way
		 * XXX to getting process information.
		 */
		if (kauth_authorize_generic(l->l_cred,
		    KAUTH_GENERIC_CANSEE, fp->f_cred) != 0) {
		    	mutex_exit(&fp->f_lock);
			continue;
		}
		if (buflen < sizeof(struct file)) {
			*oldlenp = where - start;
		    	mutex_exit(&fp->f_lock);
			error = ENOMEM;
			break;
		}
		memcpy(&fbuf, fp, sizeof(fbuf));
		LIST_INSERT_AFTER(fp, dp, f_list);
	    	mutex_exit(&fp->f_lock);
		mutex_exit(&filelist_lock);
		error = dcopyout(l, &fbuf, where, sizeof(fbuf));
		if (error) {
			mutex_enter(&filelist_lock);
			LIST_REMOVE(dp, f_list);
			break;
		}
		buflen -= sizeof(struct file);
		where += sizeof(struct file);
		mutex_enter(&filelist_lock);
		np = LIST_NEXT(dp, f_list);
		LIST_REMOVE(dp, f_list);
	}
	mutex_exit(&filelist_lock);
	*oldlenp = where - start;
 	if (dp != NULL)
		fputdummy(dp);
 	sysctl_relock();
	return (error);
}

/*
 * sysctl helper routine for kern.msgbufsize and kern.msgbuf. For the
 * former it merely checks the message buffer is set up. For the latter,
 * it also copies out the data if necessary.
 */
static int
sysctl_msgbuf(SYSCTLFN_ARGS)
{
	char *where = oldp;
	size_t len, maxlen;
	long beg, end;
	extern kmutex_t log_lock;
	int error;

	if (!msgbufenabled || msgbufp->msg_magic != MSG_MAGIC) {
		msgbufenabled = 0;
		return (ENXIO);
	}

	switch (rnode->sysctl_num) {
	case KERN_MSGBUFSIZE: {
		struct sysctlnode node = *rnode;
		int msg_bufs = (int)msgbufp->msg_bufs;
		node.sysctl_data = &msg_bufs;
		return (sysctl_lookup(SYSCTLFN_CALL(&node)));
	}
	case KERN_MSGBUF:
		break;
	default:
		return (EOPNOTSUPP);
	}

	if (newp != NULL)
		return (EPERM);

	if (oldp == NULL) {
		/* always return full buffer size */
		*oldlenp = msgbufp->msg_bufs;
		return (0);
	}

	sysctl_unlock();

	/*
	 * First, copy from the write pointer to the end of
	 * message buffer.
	 */
	error = 0;
	mutex_spin_enter(&log_lock);
	maxlen = MIN(msgbufp->msg_bufs, *oldlenp);
	beg = msgbufp->msg_bufx;
	end = msgbufp->msg_bufs;
	mutex_spin_exit(&log_lock);

	while (maxlen > 0) {
		len = MIN(end - beg, maxlen);
		if (len == 0)
			break;
		/* XXX unlocked, but hardly matters. */
		error = dcopyout(l, &msgbufp->msg_bufc[beg], where, len);
		if (error)
			break;
		where += len;
		maxlen -= len;

		/*
		 * ... then, copy from the beginning of message buffer to
		 * the write pointer.
		 */
		beg = 0;
		end = msgbufp->msg_bufx;
	}

	sysctl_relock();
	return (error);
}

/*
 * sysctl helper routine for kern.defcorename. In the case of a new
 * string being assigned, check that it's not a zero-length string.
 * (XXX the check in -current doesn't work, but do we really care?)
 */
static int
sysctl_kern_defcorename(SYSCTLFN_ARGS)
{
	int error;
	char *newcorename;
	struct sysctlnode node;

	newcorename = PNBUF_GET();
	node = *rnode;
	node.sysctl_data = &newcorename[0];
	memcpy(node.sysctl_data, rnode->sysctl_data, MAXPATHLEN);
	error = sysctl_lookup(SYSCTLFN_CALL(&node));
	if (error || newp == NULL) {
		goto done;
	}

	/*
	 * when sysctl_lookup() deals with a string, it's guaranteed
	 * to come back nul terminated. So there.  :)
	 */
	if (strlen(newcorename) == 0) {
		error = EINVAL;
	} else {
		memcpy(rnode->sysctl_data, node.sysctl_data, MAXPATHLEN);
		error = 0;
	}
done:
	PNBUF_PUT(newcorename);
	return error;
}

/*
 * sysctl helper routine for kern.cp_time node. Adds up cpu time
 * across all cpus.
 */
static int
sysctl_kern_cptime(SYSCTLFN_ARGS)
{
	struct sysctlnode node = *rnode;
	uint64_t *cp_time = NULL;
	int error, n = ncpu, i;
	struct cpu_info *ci;
	CPU_INFO_ITERATOR cii;

	/*
	 * if you specifically pass a buffer that is the size of the
	 * sum, or if you are probing for the size, you get the "sum"
	 * of cp_time (and the size thereof) across all processors.
	 *
	 * alternately, you can pass an additional mib number and get
	 * cp_time for that particular processor.
	 */
	switch (namelen) {
	case 0:
		if (*oldlenp == sizeof(uint64_t) * CPUSTATES || oldp == NULL) {
			node.sysctl_size = sizeof(uint64_t) * CPUSTATES;
			n = -1; /* SUM */
		}
		else {
			node.sysctl_size = n * sizeof(uint64_t) * CPUSTATES;
			n = -2; /* ALL */
		}
		break;
	case 1:
		if (name[0] < 0 || name[0] >= n)
			return (ENOENT); /* ENOSUCHPROCESSOR */
		node.sysctl_size = sizeof(uint64_t) * CPUSTATES;
		n = name[0];
		/*
		 * adjust these so that sysctl_lookup() will be happy
		 */
		name++;
		namelen--;
		break;
	default:
		return (EINVAL);
	}

	cp_time = kmem_alloc(node.sysctl_size, KM_SLEEP);
	if (cp_time == NULL)
		return (ENOMEM);
	node.sysctl_data = cp_time;
	memset(cp_time, 0, node.sysctl_size);

	for (CPU_INFO_FOREACH(cii, ci)) {
		if (n <= 0) {
			for (i = 0; i < CPUSTATES; i++) {
				cp_time[i] += ci->ci_schedstate.spc_cp_time[i];
			}
		}
		/*
		 * if a specific processor was requested and we just
		 * did it, we're done here
		 */
		if (n == 0)
			break;
		/*
		 * if doing "all", skip to next cp_time set for next processor
		 */
		if (n == -2)
			cp_time += CPUSTATES;
		/*
		 * if we're doing a specific processor, we're one
		 * processor closer
		 */
		if (n > 0)
			n--;
	}

	error = sysctl_lookup(SYSCTLFN_CALL(&node));
	kmem_free(node.sysctl_data, node.sysctl_size);
	return (error);
}

#if NPTY > 0
/*
 * sysctl helper routine for kern.maxptys. Ensures that any new value
 * is acceptable to the pty subsystem.
 */
static int
sysctl_kern_maxptys(SYSCTLFN_ARGS)
{
	int pty_maxptys(int, int);		/* defined in kern/tty_pty.c */
	int error, xmax;
	struct sysctlnode node;

	/* get current value of maxptys */
	xmax = pty_maxptys(0, 0);

	node = *rnode;
	node.sysctl_data = &xmax;
	error = sysctl_lookup(SYSCTLFN_CALL(&node));
	if (error || newp == NULL)
		return (error);

	if (xmax != pty_maxptys(xmax, 1))
		return (EINVAL);

	return (0);
}
#endif /* NPTY > 0 */

/*
 * sysctl helper routine for kern.sbmax. Basically just ensures that
 * any new value is not too small.
 */
static int
sysctl_kern_sbmax(SYSCTLFN_ARGS)
{
	int error, new_sbmax;
	struct sysctlnode node;

	new_sbmax = sb_max;
	node = *rnode;
	node.sysctl_data = &new_sbmax;
	error = sysctl_lookup(SYSCTLFN_CALL(&node));
	if (error || newp == NULL)
		return (error);

	KERNEL_LOCK(1, NULL);
	error = sb_max_set(new_sbmax);
	KERNEL_UNLOCK_ONE(NULL);

	return (error);
}

/*
 * sysctl helper routine for kern.urandom node. Picks a random number
 * for you.
 */
static int
sysctl_kern_urnd(SYSCTLFN_ARGS)
{
#if NRND > 0
	int v, rv;

	KERNEL_LOCK(1, NULL);
	rv = rnd_extract_data(&v, sizeof(v), RND_EXTRACT_ANY);
	KERNEL_UNLOCK_ONE(NULL);
	if (rv == sizeof(v)) {
		struct sysctlnode node = *rnode;
		node.sysctl_data = &v;
		return (sysctl_lookup(SYSCTLFN_CALL(&node)));
	}
	else
		return (EIO);	/*XXX*/
#else
	return (EOPNOTSUPP);
#endif
}

/*
 * sysctl helper routine for kern.arandom node. Picks a random number
 * for you.
 */
static int
sysctl_kern_arnd(SYSCTLFN_ARGS)
{
#if NRND > 0
	int error;
	void *v;
	struct sysctlnode node = *rnode;

	if (*oldlenp == 0)
		return 0;
	if (*oldlenp > 8192)
		return E2BIG;

	v = kmem_alloc(*oldlenp, KM_SLEEP);
	arc4randbytes(v, *oldlenp);
	node.sysctl_data = v;
	node.sysctl_size = *oldlenp;
	error = sysctl_lookup(SYSCTLFN_CALL(&node));
	kmem_free(v, *oldlenp);
	return error;
#else
	return (EOPNOTSUPP);
#endif
}
/*
 * sysctl helper routine to do kern.lwp.* work.
 */
static int
sysctl_kern_lwp(SYSCTLFN_ARGS)
{
	struct kinfo_lwp klwp;
	struct proc *p;
	struct lwp *l2, *l3;
	char *where, *dp;
	int pid, elem_size, elem_count;
	int buflen, needed, error;
	bool gotit;

	if (namelen == 1 && name[0] == CTL_QUERY)
		return (sysctl_query(SYSCTLFN_CALL(rnode)));

	dp = where = oldp;
	buflen = where != NULL ? *oldlenp : 0;
	error = needed = 0;

	if (newp != NULL || namelen != 3)
		return (EINVAL);
	pid = name[0];
	elem_size = name[1];
	elem_count = name[2];

	sysctl_unlock();
	if (pid == -1) {
		mutex_enter(proc_lock);
		LIST_FOREACH(p, &allproc, p_list) {
			/* Grab a hold on the process. */
			if (!rw_tryenter(&p->p_reflock, RW_READER)) {
				continue;
			}
			mutex_exit(proc_lock);

			mutex_enter(p->p_lock);
			LIST_FOREACH(l2, &p->p_lwps, l_sibling) {
				if (buflen >= elem_size && elem_count > 0) {
					lwp_lock(l2);
					fill_lwp(l2, &klwp);
					lwp_unlock(l2);
					mutex_exit(p->p_lock);

					/*
					 * Copy out elem_size, but not
					 * larger than the size of a
					 * struct kinfo_proc2.
					 */
					error = dcopyout(l, &klwp, dp,
					    min(sizeof(klwp), elem_size));
					if (error) {
						rw_exit(&p->p_reflock);
						goto cleanup;
					}
					mutex_enter(p->p_lock);
					LIST_FOREACH(l3, &p->p_lwps,
					    l_sibling) {
						if (l2 == l3)
							break;
					}
					if (l3 == NULL) {
						mutex_exit(p->p_lock);
						rw_exit(&p->p_reflock);
						error = EAGAIN;
						goto cleanup;
					}
					dp += elem_size;
					buflen -= elem_size;
					elem_count--;
				}
				needed += elem_size;
			}
			mutex_exit(p->p_lock);

			/* Drop reference to process. */
			mutex_enter(proc_lock);
			rw_exit(&p->p_reflock);
		}
		mutex_exit(proc_lock);
	} else {
		mutex_enter(proc_lock);
		p = p_find(pid, PFIND_LOCKED);
		if (p == NULL) {
			error = ESRCH;
			mutex_exit(proc_lock);
			goto cleanup;
		}
		/* Grab a hold on the process. */
		gotit = rw_tryenter(&p->p_reflock, RW_READER);
		mutex_exit(proc_lock);
		if (!gotit) {
			error = ESRCH;
			goto cleanup;
		}

		mutex_enter(p->p_lock);
		LIST_FOREACH(l2, &p->p_lwps, l_sibling) {
			if (buflen >= elem_size && elem_count > 0) {
				lwp_lock(l2);
				fill_lwp(l2, &klwp);
				lwp_unlock(l2);
				mutex_exit(p->p_lock);
				/*
				 * Copy out elem_size, but not larger than
				 * the size of a struct kinfo_proc2.
				 */
				error = dcopyout(l, &klwp, dp,
				    min(sizeof(klwp), elem_size));
				if (error) {
					rw_exit(&p->p_reflock);
					goto cleanup;
				}
				mutex_enter(p->p_lock);
				LIST_FOREACH(l3, &p->p_lwps, l_sibling) {
					if (l2 == l3)
						break;
				}
				if (l3 == NULL) {
					mutex_exit(p->p_lock);
					rw_exit(&p->p_reflock);
					error = EAGAIN;
					goto cleanup;
				}
				dp += elem_size;
				buflen -= elem_size;
				elem_count--;
			}
			needed += elem_size;
		}
		mutex_exit(p->p_lock);

		/* Drop reference to process. */
		rw_exit(&p->p_reflock);
	}

	if (where != NULL) {
		*oldlenp = dp - where;
		if (needed > *oldlenp) {
			sysctl_relock();
			return (ENOMEM);
		}
	} else {
		needed += KERN_LWPSLOP;
		*oldlenp = needed;
	}
	error = 0;
 cleanup:
	sysctl_relock();
	return (error);
}

/*
 * sysctl helper routine for kern.forkfsleep node. Ensures that the
 * given value is not too large or two small, and is at least one
 * timer tick if not zero.
 */
static int
sysctl_kern_forkfsleep(SYSCTLFN_ARGS)
{
	/* userland sees value in ms, internally is in ticks */
	extern int forkfsleep;		/* defined in kern/kern_fork.c */
	int error, timo, lsleep;
	struct sysctlnode node;

	lsleep = forkfsleep * 1000 / hz;
	node = *rnode;
	node.sysctl_data = &lsleep;
	error = sysctl_lookup(SYSCTLFN_CALL(&node));
	if (error || newp == NULL)
		return (error);

	/* refuse negative values, and overly 'long time' */
	if (lsleep < 0 || lsleep > MAXSLP * 1000)
		return (EINVAL);

	timo = mstohz(lsleep);

	/* if the interval is >0 ms && <1 tick, use 1 tick */
	if (lsleep != 0 && timo == 0)
		forkfsleep = 1;
	else
		forkfsleep = timo;

	return (0);
}

/*
 * sysctl helper routine for kern.root_partition
 */
static int
sysctl_kern_root_partition(SYSCTLFN_ARGS)
{
	int rootpart = DISKPART(rootdev);
	struct sysctlnode node = *rnode;

	node.sysctl_data = &rootpart;
	return (sysctl_lookup(SYSCTLFN_CALL(&node)));
}

/*
 * sysctl helper function for kern.drivers
 */
static int
sysctl_kern_drivers(SYSCTLFN_ARGS)
{
	int error;
	size_t buflen;
	struct kinfo_drivers kd;
	char *start, *where;
	const char *dname;
	int i;
	extern struct devsw_conv *devsw_conv;
	extern int max_devsw_convs;

	if (newp != NULL || namelen != 0)
		return (EINVAL);

	start = where = oldp;
	buflen = *oldlenp;
	if (where == NULL) {
		*oldlenp = max_devsw_convs * sizeof kd;
		return 0;
	}

	/*
	 * An array of kinfo_drivers structures
	 */
	error = 0;
	sysctl_unlock();
	mutex_enter(&device_lock);
	for (i = 0; i < max_devsw_convs; i++) {
		dname = devsw_conv[i].d_name;
		if (dname == NULL)
			continue;
		if (buflen < sizeof kd) {
			error = ENOMEM;
			break;
		}
		memset(&kd, 0, sizeof(kd));
		kd.d_bmajor = devsw_conv[i].d_bmajor;
		kd.d_cmajor = devsw_conv[i].d_cmajor;
		strlcpy(kd.d_name, dname, sizeof kd.d_name);
		mutex_exit(&device_lock);
		error = dcopyout(l, &kd, where, sizeof kd);
		mutex_enter(&device_lock);
		if (error != 0)
			break;
		buflen -= sizeof kd;
		where += sizeof kd;
	}
	mutex_exit(&device_lock);
	sysctl_relock();
	*oldlenp = where - start;
	return error;
}

/*
 * sysctl helper function for kern.file2
 */
static int
sysctl_kern_file2(SYSCTLFN_ARGS)
{
	struct proc *p;
	struct file *fp, *tp, *np;
	struct filedesc *fd;
	struct kinfo_file kf;
	char *dp;
	u_int i, op;
	size_t len, needed, elem_size, out_size;
	int error, arg, elem_count;
	fdfile_t *ff;

	if (namelen == 1 && name[0] == CTL_QUERY)
		return (sysctl_query(SYSCTLFN_CALL(rnode)));

	if (namelen != 4)
		return (EINVAL);

	error = 0;
	dp = oldp;
	len = (oldp != NULL) ? *oldlenp : 0;
	op = name[0];
	arg = name[1];
	elem_size = name[2];
	elem_count = name[3];
	out_size = MIN(sizeof(kf), elem_size);
	needed = 0;

	if (elem_size < 1 || elem_count < 0)
		return (EINVAL);

	switch (op) {
	case KERN_FILE_BYFILE:
		/*
		 * doesn't use arg so it must be zero
		 */
		if (arg != 0)
			return (EINVAL);
		sysctl_unlock();
		/*
		 * allocate dummy file descriptor to make position in list
		 */
		if ((tp = fgetdummy()) == NULL) {
		 	sysctl_relock();
			return ENOMEM;
		}
		mutex_enter(&filelist_lock);
		for (fp = LIST_FIRST(&filehead); fp != NULL; fp = np) {
			np = LIST_NEXT(fp, f_list);
			mutex_enter(&fp->f_lock);
			if (fp->f_count == 0) {
				mutex_exit(&fp->f_lock);
				continue;
			}
			/*
			 * XXX Need to prevent that from being an alternative
			 * XXX way for getting process information.
			 */
			if (kauth_authorize_generic(l->l_cred,
			    KAUTH_GENERIC_CANSEE, fp->f_cred) != 0) {
				mutex_exit(&fp->f_lock);
				continue;
			}
			if (len >= elem_size && elem_count > 0) {
				fill_file(&kf, fp, NULL, 0, 0);
				LIST_INSERT_AFTER(fp, tp, f_list);
				mutex_exit(&fp->f_lock);
				mutex_exit(&filelist_lock);
				error = dcopyout(l, &kf, dp, out_size);
				mutex_enter(&filelist_lock);
				np = LIST_NEXT(tp, f_list);
				LIST_REMOVE(tp, f_list);
				if (error) {
					break;
				}
				dp += elem_size;
				len -= elem_size;
			} else {
				mutex_exit(&fp->f_lock);
			}
			needed += elem_size;
			if (elem_count > 0 && elem_count != INT_MAX)
				elem_count--;
		}
		mutex_exit(&filelist_lock);
		fputdummy(tp);
		sysctl_relock();
		break;
	case KERN_FILE_BYPID:
		if (arg < -1)
			/* -1 means all processes */
			return (EINVAL);
		sysctl_unlock();
		mutex_enter(proc_lock);
		LIST_FOREACH(p, &allproc, p_list) {
			if (p->p_stat == SIDL) {
				/* skip embryonic processes */
				continue;
			}
			if (arg > 0 && p->p_pid != arg) {
				/* pick only the one we want */
				/* XXX want 0 to mean "kernel files" */
				continue;
			}
			mutex_enter(p->p_lock);
			error = kauth_authorize_process(l->l_cred,
			    KAUTH_PROCESS_CANSEE, p,
			    KAUTH_ARG(KAUTH_REQ_PROCESS_CANSEE_OPENFILES),
			    NULL, NULL);
			mutex_exit(p->p_lock);
			if (error != 0) {
				/*
				 * Don't leak kauth retval if we're silently
				 * skipping this entry.
				 */
				error = 0;
				continue;
			}

			/*
			 * Grab a hold on the process.
			 */
			if (!rw_tryenter(&p->p_reflock, RW_READER)) {
				continue;
			}
			mutex_exit(proc_lock);

			/* XXX Do we need to check permission per file? */
			fd = p->p_fd;
			mutex_enter(&fd->fd_lock);
			for (i = 0; i < fd->fd_nfiles; i++) {
				if ((ff = fd->fd_ofiles[i]) == NULL) {
					continue;
				}
				mutex_enter(&ff->ff_lock);
				if ((fp = ff->ff_file) == NULL) {
					mutex_exit(&ff->ff_lock);
					continue;
				}
				if (len >= elem_size && elem_count > 0) {
					mutex_enter(&fp->f_lock);
					fill_file(&kf, fp, ff, i, p->p_pid);
					mutex_exit(&fp->f_lock);
					mutex_exit(&ff->ff_lock);
					mutex_exit(&fd->fd_lock);
					error = dcopyout(l, &kf, dp, out_size);
					mutex_enter(&fd->fd_lock);
					if (error)
						break;
					dp += elem_size;
					len -= elem_size;
				} else {
					mutex_exit(&ff->ff_lock);
				}
				needed += elem_size;
				if (elem_count > 0 && elem_count != INT_MAX)
					elem_count--;
			}
			mutex_exit(&fd->fd_lock);

			/*
			 * Release reference to process.
			 */
			mutex_enter(proc_lock);
			rw_exit(&p->p_reflock);
		}
		mutex_exit(proc_lock);
		sysctl_relock();
		break;
	default:
		return (EINVAL);
	}

	if (oldp == NULL)
		needed += KERN_FILESLOP * elem_size;
	*oldlenp = needed;

	return (error);
}

static void
fill_file(struct kinfo_file *kp, const file_t *fp, const fdfile_t *ff,
	  int i, pid_t pid)
{

	memset(kp, 0, sizeof(*kp));

	kp->ki_fileaddr =	PTRTOUINT64(fp);
	kp->ki_flag =		fp->f_flag;
	kp->ki_iflags =		0;
	kp->ki_ftype =		fp->f_type;
	kp->ki_count =		fp->f_count;
	kp->ki_msgcount =	fp->f_msgcount;
	kp->ki_fucred =		PTRTOUINT64(fp->f_cred);
	kp->ki_fuid =		kauth_cred_geteuid(fp->f_cred);
	kp->ki_fgid =		kauth_cred_getegid(fp->f_cred);
	kp->ki_fops =		PTRTOUINT64(fp->f_ops);
	kp->ki_foffset =	fp->f_offset;
	kp->ki_fdata =		PTRTOUINT64(fp->f_data);

	/* vnode information to glue this file to something */
	if (fp->f_type == DTYPE_VNODE) {
		struct vnode *vp = (struct vnode *)fp->f_data;

		kp->ki_vun =	PTRTOUINT64(vp->v_un.vu_socket);
		kp->ki_vsize =	vp->v_size;
		kp->ki_vtype =	vp->v_type;
		kp->ki_vtag =	vp->v_tag;
		kp->ki_vdata =	PTRTOUINT64(vp->v_data);
	}

	/* process information when retrieved via KERN_FILE_BYPID */
	if (ff != NULL) {
		kp->ki_pid =		pid;
		kp->ki_fd =		i;
		kp->ki_ofileflags =	ff->ff_exclose;
		kp->ki_usecount =	ff->ff_refcnt;
	}
}

static int
sysctl_doeproc(SYSCTLFN_ARGS)
{
	struct eproc *eproc;
	struct kinfo_proc2 *kproc2;
	struct kinfo_proc *dp;
	struct proc *p, *next, *marker;
	char *where, *dp2;
	int type, op, arg, error;
	u_int elem_size, elem_count;
	size_t buflen, needed;
	bool match, zombie, mmmbrains;

	if (namelen == 1 && name[0] == CTL_QUERY)
		return (sysctl_query(SYSCTLFN_CALL(rnode)));

	dp = oldp;
	dp2 = where = oldp;
	buflen = where != NULL ? *oldlenp : 0;
	error = 0;
	needed = 0;
	type = rnode->sysctl_num;

	if (type == KERN_PROC) {
		if (namelen != 2 && !(namelen == 1 && name[0] == KERN_PROC_ALL))
			return (EINVAL);
		op = name[0];
		if (op != KERN_PROC_ALL)
			arg = name[1];
		else
			arg = 0;		/* Quell compiler warning */
		elem_size = elem_count = 0;	/* Ditto */
	} else {
		if (namelen != 4)
			return (EINVAL);
		op = name[0];
		arg = name[1];
		elem_size = name[2];
		elem_count = name[3];
	}

	sysctl_unlock();

	if (type == KERN_PROC) {
		eproc = kmem_alloc(sizeof(*eproc), KM_SLEEP);
		kproc2 = NULL;
	} else {
		eproc = NULL;
		kproc2 = kmem_alloc(sizeof(*kproc2), KM_SLEEP);
	}
	marker = kmem_alloc(sizeof(*marker), KM_SLEEP);

	mutex_enter(proc_lock);
	mmmbrains = false;
	for (p = LIST_FIRST(&allproc);; p = next) {
		if (p == NULL) {
			if (!mmmbrains) {
				p = LIST_FIRST(&zombproc);
				mmmbrains = true;
			}
			if (p == NULL)
				break;
		}
		next = LIST_NEXT(p, p_list);

		/*
		 * Skip embryonic processes.
		 */
		if (p->p_stat == SIDL)
			continue;

		mutex_enter(p->p_lock);
		error = kauth_authorize_process(l->l_cred,
		    KAUTH_PROCESS_CANSEE, p,
		    KAUTH_ARG(KAUTH_REQ_PROCESS_CANSEE_ENTRY), NULL, NULL);
		if (error != 0) {
			mutex_exit(p->p_lock);
			continue;
		}

		/*
		 * TODO - make more efficient (see notes below).
		 * do by session.
		 */
		switch (op) {
		case KERN_PROC_PID:
			/* could do this with just a lookup */
			match = (p->p_pid == (pid_t)arg);
			break;

		case KERN_PROC_PGRP:
			/* could do this by traversing pgrp */
			match = (p->p_pgrp->pg_id == (pid_t)arg);
			break;

		case KERN_PROC_SESSION:
			match = (p->p_session->s_sid == (pid_t)arg);
			break;

		case KERN_PROC_TTY:
			match = true;
			if (arg == (int) KERN_PROC_TTY_REVOKE) {
				if ((p->p_lflag & PL_CONTROLT) == 0 ||
				    p->p_session->s_ttyp == NULL ||
				    p->p_session->s_ttyvp != NULL) {
				    	match = false;
				}
			} else if ((p->p_lflag & PL_CONTROLT) == 0 ||
			    p->p_session->s_ttyp == NULL) {
				if ((dev_t)arg != KERN_PROC_TTY_NODEV) {
					match = false;
				}
			} else if (p->p_session->s_ttyp->t_dev != (dev_t)arg) {
				match = false;
			}
			break;

		case KERN_PROC_UID:
			match = (kauth_cred_geteuid(p->p_cred) == (uid_t)arg);
			break;

		case KERN_PROC_RUID:
			match = (kauth_cred_getuid(p->p_cred) == (uid_t)arg);
			break;

		case KERN_PROC_GID:
			match = (kauth_cred_getegid(p->p_cred) == (uid_t)arg);
			break;

		case KERN_PROC_RGID:
			match = (kauth_cred_getgid(p->p_cred) == (uid_t)arg);
			break;

		case KERN_PROC_ALL:
			match = true;
			/* allow everything */
			break;

		default:
			error = EINVAL;
			mutex_exit(p->p_lock);
			goto cleanup;
		}
		if (!match) {
			mutex_exit(p->p_lock);
			continue;
		}

		/*
		 * Grab a hold on the process.
		 */
		if (mmmbrains) {
			zombie = true;
		} else {
			zombie = !rw_tryenter(&p->p_reflock, RW_READER);
		}
		if (zombie) {
			LIST_INSERT_AFTER(p, marker, p_list);
		}

		if (type == KERN_PROC) {
			if (buflen >= sizeof(struct kinfo_proc)) {
				fill_eproc(p, eproc, zombie);
				mutex_exit(p->p_lock);
				mutex_exit(proc_lock);
				error = dcopyout(l, p, &dp->kp_proc,
				    sizeof(struct proc));
				mutex_enter(proc_lock);
				if (error) {
					goto bah;
				}
				error = dcopyout(l, eproc, &dp->kp_eproc,
				    sizeof(*eproc));
				if (error) {
					goto bah;
				}
				dp++;
				buflen -= sizeof(struct kinfo_proc);
			} else {
				mutex_exit(p->p_lock);
			}
			needed += sizeof(struct kinfo_proc);
		} else { /* KERN_PROC2 */
			if (buflen >= elem_size && elem_count > 0) {
				fill_kproc2(p, kproc2, zombie);
				mutex_exit(p->p_lock);
				mutex_exit(proc_lock);
				/*
				 * Copy out elem_size, but not larger than
				 * the size of a struct kinfo_proc2.
				 */
				error = dcopyout(l, kproc2, dp2,
				    min(sizeof(*kproc2), elem_size));
				mutex_enter(proc_lock);
				if (error) {
					goto bah;
				}
				dp2 += elem_size;
				buflen -= elem_size;
				elem_count--;
			} else {
				mutex_exit(p->p_lock);
			}
			needed += elem_size;
		}

		/*
		 * Release reference to process.
		 */
	 	if (zombie) {
			next = LIST_NEXT(marker, p_list);
 			LIST_REMOVE(marker, p_list);
		} else {
			rw_exit(&p->p_reflock);
		}
	}
	mutex_exit(proc_lock);

	if (where != NULL) {
		if (type == KERN_PROC)
			*oldlenp = (char *)dp - where;
		else
			*oldlenp = dp2 - where;
		if (needed > *oldlenp) {
			error = ENOMEM;
			goto out;
		}
	} else {
		needed += KERN_PROCSLOP;
		*oldlenp = needed;
	}
	if (kproc2)
		kmem_free(kproc2, sizeof(*kproc2));
	if (eproc)
		kmem_free(eproc, sizeof(*eproc));
	if (marker)
		kmem_free(marker, sizeof(*marker));
	sysctl_relock();
	return 0;
 bah:
 	if (zombie)
 		LIST_REMOVE(marker, p_list);
	else
		rw_exit(&p->p_reflock);
 cleanup:
	mutex_exit(proc_lock);
 out:
	if (kproc2)
		kmem_free(kproc2, sizeof(*kproc2));
	if (eproc)
		kmem_free(eproc, sizeof(*eproc));
	if (marker)
		kmem_free(marker, sizeof(*marker));
	sysctl_relock();
	return error;
}

/*
 * sysctl helper routine for kern.proc_args pseudo-subtree.
 */
static int
sysctl_kern_proc_args(SYSCTLFN_ARGS)
{
	struct ps_strings pss;
	struct proc *p;
	size_t len, i;
	struct uio auio;
	struct iovec aiov;
	pid_t pid;
	int nargv, type, error, argvlen;
	char *arg;
	char **argv = NULL;
	char *tmp;
	struct vmspace *vmspace;
	vaddr_t psstr_addr;
	vaddr_t offsetn;
	vaddr_t offsetv;

	if (namelen == 1 && name[0] == CTL_QUERY)
		return (sysctl_query(SYSCTLFN_CALL(rnode)));

	if (newp != NULL || namelen != 2)
		return (EINVAL);
	pid = name[0];
	type = name[1];
	argv = NULL;
	argvlen = 0;

	switch (type) {
	case KERN_PROC_ARGV:
	case KERN_PROC_NARGV:
	case KERN_PROC_ENV:
	case KERN_PROC_NENV:
		/* ok */
		break;
	default:
		return (EINVAL);
	}

	sysctl_unlock();

	/* check pid */
	mutex_enter(proc_lock);
	if ((p = p_find(pid, PFIND_LOCKED)) == NULL) {
		error = EINVAL;
		goto out_locked;
	}
	mutex_enter(p->p_lock);

	/* Check permission. */
	if (type == KERN_PROC_ARGV || type == KERN_PROC_NARGV)
		error = kauth_authorize_process(l->l_cred, KAUTH_PROCESS_CANSEE,
		    p, KAUTH_ARG(KAUTH_REQ_PROCESS_CANSEE_ARGS), NULL, NULL);
	else if (type == KERN_PROC_ENV || type == KERN_PROC_NENV)
		error = kauth_authorize_process(l->l_cred, KAUTH_PROCESS_CANSEE,
		    p, KAUTH_ARG(KAUTH_REQ_PROCESS_CANSEE_ENV), NULL, NULL);
	else
		error = EINVAL; /* XXXGCC */
	if (error) {
		mutex_exit(p->p_lock);
		goto out_locked;
	}

	if (oldp == NULL) {
		if (type == KERN_PROC_NARGV || type == KERN_PROC_NENV)
			*oldlenp = sizeof (int);
		else
			*oldlenp = ARG_MAX;	/* XXX XXX XXX */
		error = 0;
		mutex_exit(p->p_lock);
		goto out_locked;
	}

	/*
	 * Zombies don't have a stack, so we can't read their psstrings.
	 * System processes also don't have a user stack.
	 */
	if (P_ZOMBIE(p) || (p->p_flag & PK_SYSTEM) != 0) {
		error = EINVAL;
		mutex_exit(p->p_lock);
		goto out_locked;
	}

	/*
	 * Lock the process down in memory.
	 */
	psstr_addr = (vaddr_t)p->p_psstr;
	if (type == KERN_PROC_ARGV || type == KERN_PROC_NARGV) {
		offsetn = p->p_psnargv;
		offsetv = p->p_psargv;
	} else {
		offsetn = p->p_psnenv;
		offsetv = p->p_psenv;
	}
	vmspace = p->p_vmspace;
	uvmspace_addref(vmspace);
	mutex_exit(p->p_lock);
	mutex_exit(proc_lock);

	/*
	 * Allocate a temporary buffer to hold the arguments.
	 */
	arg = kmem_alloc(PAGE_SIZE, KM_SLEEP);

	/*
	 * Read in the ps_strings structure.
	 */
	aiov.iov_base = &pss;
	aiov.iov_len = sizeof(pss);
	auio.uio_iov = &aiov;
	auio.uio_iovcnt = 1;
	auio.uio_offset = psstr_addr;
	auio.uio_resid = sizeof(pss);
	auio.uio_rw = UIO_READ;
	UIO_SETUP_SYSSPACE(&auio);
	error = uvm_io(&vmspace->vm_map, &auio);
	if (error)
		goto done;

	memcpy(&nargv, (char *)&pss + offsetn, sizeof(nargv));
	if (type == KERN_PROC_NARGV || type == KERN_PROC_NENV) {
		error = dcopyout(l, &nargv, oldp, sizeof(nargv));
		*oldlenp = sizeof(nargv);
		goto done;
	}
	/*
	 * Now read the address of the argument vector.
	 */
	switch (type) {
	case KERN_PROC_ARGV:
		/* FALLTHROUGH */
	case KERN_PROC_ENV:
		memcpy(&tmp, (char *)&pss + offsetv, sizeof(tmp));
		break;
	default:
		error = EINVAL;
		goto done;
	}

#ifdef COMPAT_NETBSD32
	if (p->p_flag & PK_32)
		len = sizeof(netbsd32_charp) * nargv;
	else
#endif
		len = sizeof(char *) * nargv;

	if ((argvlen = len) != 0)
		argv = kmem_alloc(len, KM_SLEEP);

	aiov.iov_base = argv;
	aiov.iov_len = len;
	auio.uio_iov = &aiov;
	auio.uio_iovcnt = 1;
	auio.uio_offset = (off_t)(unsigned long)tmp;
	auio.uio_resid = len;
	auio.uio_rw = UIO_READ;
	UIO_SETUP_SYSSPACE(&auio);
	error = uvm_io(&vmspace->vm_map, &auio);
	if (error)
		goto done;

	/*
	 * Now copy each string.
	 */
	len = 0; /* bytes written to user buffer */
	for (i = 0; i < nargv; i++) {
		int finished = 0;
		vaddr_t base;
		size_t xlen;
		int j;

#ifdef COMPAT_NETBSD32
		if (p->p_flag & PK_32) {
			netbsd32_charp *argv32;

			argv32 = (netbsd32_charp *)argv;
			base = (vaddr_t)NETBSD32PTR64(argv32[i]);
		} else
#endif
			base = (vaddr_t)argv[i];

		/*
		 * The program has messed around with its arguments,
		 * possibly deleting some, and replacing them with
		 * NULL's. Treat this as the last argument and not
		 * a failure.
		 */
		if (base == 0)
			break;

		while (!finished) {
			xlen = PAGE_SIZE - (base & PAGE_MASK);

			aiov.iov_base = arg;
			aiov.iov_len = PAGE_SIZE;
			auio.uio_iov = &aiov;
			auio.uio_iovcnt = 1;
			auio.uio_offset = base;
			auio.uio_resid = xlen;
			auio.uio_rw = UIO_READ;
			UIO_SETUP_SYSSPACE(&auio);
			error = uvm_io(&vmspace->vm_map, &auio);
			if (error)
				goto done;

			/* Look for the end of the string */
			for (j = 0; j < xlen; j++) {
				if (arg[j] == '\0') {
					xlen = j + 1;
					finished = 1;
					break;
				}
			}

			/* Check for user buffer overflow */
			if (len + xlen > *oldlenp) {
				finished = 1;
				if (len > *oldlenp)
					xlen = 0;
				else
					xlen = *oldlenp - len;
			}

			/* Copyout the page */
			error = dcopyout(l, arg, (char *)oldp + len, xlen);
			if (error)
				goto done;

			len += xlen;
			base += xlen;
		}
	}
	*oldlenp = len;

done:
	if (argvlen != 0)
		kmem_free(argv, argvlen);
	uvmspace_free(vmspace);
	kmem_free(arg, PAGE_SIZE);
	sysctl_relock();
	return error;

out_locked:
	mutex_exit(proc_lock);
	sysctl_relock();
	return error;
}

static int
sysctl_security_setidcore(SYSCTLFN_ARGS)
{
	int newsize, error;
	struct sysctlnode node;

	node = *rnode;
	node.sysctl_data = &newsize;
	newsize = *(int *)rnode->sysctl_data;
	error = sysctl_lookup(SYSCTLFN_CALL(&node));
	if (error || newp == NULL)
		return error;

	if (kauth_authorize_system(l->l_cred, KAUTH_SYSTEM_SETIDCORE,
	    0, NULL, NULL, NULL))
		return (EPERM);

	*(int *)rnode->sysctl_data = newsize;

	return 0;
}

static int
sysctl_security_setidcorename(SYSCTLFN_ARGS)
{
	int error;
	char *newsetidcorename;
	struct sysctlnode node;

	newsetidcorename = PNBUF_GET();
	node = *rnode;
	node.sysctl_data = newsetidcorename;
	memcpy(node.sysctl_data, rnode->sysctl_data, MAXPATHLEN);
	error = sysctl_lookup(SYSCTLFN_CALL(&node));
	if (error || newp == NULL) {
		goto out;
	}
	if (kauth_authorize_system(l->l_cred, KAUTH_SYSTEM_SETIDCORE,
	    0, NULL, NULL, NULL)) {
		error = EPERM;
		goto out;
	}
	if (strlen(newsetidcorename) == 0) {
		error = EINVAL;
		goto out;
	}
	memcpy(rnode->sysctl_data, node.sysctl_data, MAXPATHLEN);
out:
	PNBUF_PUT(newsetidcorename);
	return error;
}

/*
 * sysctl helper routine for kern.cp_id node. Maps cpus to their
 * cpuids.
 */
static int
sysctl_kern_cpid(SYSCTLFN_ARGS)
{
	struct sysctlnode node = *rnode;
	uint64_t *cp_id = NULL;
	int error, n = ncpu;
	struct cpu_info *ci;
	CPU_INFO_ITERATOR cii;

	/*
	 * Here you may either retrieve a single cpu id or the whole
	 * set. The size you get back when probing depends on what
	 * you ask for.
	 */
	switch (namelen) {
	case 0:
		node.sysctl_size = n * sizeof(uint64_t);
		n = -2; /* ALL */
		break;
	case 1:
		if (name[0] < 0 || name[0] >= n)
			return (ENOENT); /* ENOSUCHPROCESSOR */
		node.sysctl_size = sizeof(uint64_t);
		n = name[0];
		/*
		 * adjust these so that sysctl_lookup() will be happy
		 */
		name++;
		namelen--;
		break;
	default:
		return (EINVAL);
	}

	cp_id = kmem_alloc(node.sysctl_size, KM_SLEEP);
	if (cp_id == NULL)
		return (ENOMEM);
	node.sysctl_data = cp_id;
	memset(cp_id, 0, node.sysctl_size);

	for (CPU_INFO_FOREACH(cii, ci)) {
		if (n <= 0)
			cp_id[0] = cpu_index(ci);
		/*
		 * if a specific processor was requested and we just
		 * did it, we're done here
		 */
		if (n == 0)
			break;
		/*
		 * if doing "all", skip to next cp_id slot for next processor
		 */
		if (n == -2)
			cp_id++;
		/*
		 * if we're doing a specific processor, we're one
		 * processor closer
		 */
		if (n > 0)
			n--;
	}

	error = sysctl_lookup(SYSCTLFN_CALL(&node));
	kmem_free(node.sysctl_data, node.sysctl_size);
	return (error);
}

/*
 * sysctl helper routine for hw.usermem and hw.usermem64. Values are
 * calculate on the fly taking into account integer overflow and the
 * current wired count.
 */
static int
sysctl_hw_usermem(SYSCTLFN_ARGS)
{
	u_int ui;
	u_quad_t uq;
	struct sysctlnode node;

	node = *rnode;
	switch (rnode->sysctl_num) {
	case HW_USERMEM:
		if ((ui = physmem - uvmexp.wired) > (UINT_MAX / PAGE_SIZE))
			ui = UINT_MAX;
		else
			ui *= PAGE_SIZE;
		node.sysctl_data = &ui;
		break;
	case HW_USERMEM64:
		uq = (u_quad_t)(physmem - uvmexp.wired) * PAGE_SIZE;
		node.sysctl_data = &uq;
		break;
	default:
		return (EINVAL);
	}

	return (sysctl_lookup(SYSCTLFN_CALL(&node)));
}

/*
 * sysctl helper routine for kern.cnmagic node. Pulls the old value
 * out, encoded, and stuffs the new value in for decoding.
 */
static int
sysctl_hw_cnmagic(SYSCTLFN_ARGS)
{
	char magic[CNS_LEN];
	int error;
	struct sysctlnode node;

	if (oldp)
		cn_get_magic(magic, CNS_LEN);
	node = *rnode;
	node.sysctl_data = &magic[0];
	error = sysctl_lookup(SYSCTLFN_CALL(&node));
	if (error || newp == NULL)
		return (error);

	return (cn_set_magic(magic));
}

/*
 * ********************************************************************
 * section 3: public helper routines that are used for more than one
 * node
 * ********************************************************************
 */

/*
 * sysctl helper routine for the kern.root_device node and some ports'
 * machdep.root_device nodes.
 */
int
sysctl_root_device(SYSCTLFN_ARGS)
{
	struct sysctlnode node;

	node = *rnode;
	node.sysctl_data = root_device->dv_xname;
	node.sysctl_size = strlen(device_xname(root_device)) + 1;
	return (sysctl_lookup(SYSCTLFN_CALL(&node)));
}

/*
 * sysctl helper routine for kern.consdev, dependent on the current
 * state of the console. Also used for machdep.console_device on some
 * ports.
 */
int
sysctl_consdev(SYSCTLFN_ARGS)
{
	dev_t consdev;
	struct sysctlnode node;

	if (cn_tab != NULL)
		consdev = cn_tab->cn_dev;
	else
		consdev = NODEV;
	node = *rnode;
	node.sysctl_data = &consdev;
	node.sysctl_size = sizeof(consdev);
	return (sysctl_lookup(SYSCTLFN_CALL(&node)));
}

/*
 * ********************************************************************
 * section 4: support for some helpers
 * ********************************************************************
 */
/*
 * Find the most ``active'' lwp of a process and return it for ps display
 * purposes
 */
static struct lwp *
proc_active_lwp(struct proc *p)
{
	static const int ostat[] = {
		0,
		2,	/* LSIDL */
		6,	/* LSRUN */
		5,	/* LSSLEEP */
		4,	/* LSSTOP */
		0,	/* LSZOMB */
		1,	/* LSDEAD */
		7,	/* LSONPROC */
		3	/* LSSUSPENDED */
	};

	struct lwp *l, *lp = NULL;
	LIST_FOREACH(l, &p->p_lwps, l_sibling) {
		KASSERT(l->l_stat >= 0 && l->l_stat < __arraycount(ostat));
		if (lp == NULL ||
		    ostat[l->l_stat] > ostat[lp->l_stat] ||
		    (ostat[l->l_stat] == ostat[lp->l_stat] &&
		    l->l_cpticks > lp->l_cpticks)) {
			lp = l;
			continue;
		}
	}
	return lp;
}


/*
 * Fill in a kinfo_proc2 structure for the specified process.
 */
static void
fill_kproc2(struct proc *p, struct kinfo_proc2 *ki, bool zombie)
{
	struct tty *tp;
	struct lwp *l, *l2;
	struct timeval ut, st, rt;
	sigset_t ss1, ss2;
	struct rusage ru;
	struct vmspace *vm;

	KASSERT(mutex_owned(proc_lock));
	KASSERT(mutex_owned(p->p_lock));

	sigemptyset(&ss1);
	sigemptyset(&ss2);
	memset(ki, 0, sizeof(*ki));

	ki->p_paddr = PTRTOUINT64(p);
	ki->p_fd = PTRTOUINT64(p->p_fd);
	ki->p_cwdi = PTRTOUINT64(p->p_cwdi);
	ki->p_stats = PTRTOUINT64(p->p_stats);
	ki->p_limit = PTRTOUINT64(p->p_limit);
	ki->p_vmspace = PTRTOUINT64(p->p_vmspace);
	ki->p_sigacts = PTRTOUINT64(p->p_sigacts);
	ki->p_sess = PTRTOUINT64(p->p_session);
	ki->p_tsess = 0;	/* may be changed if controlling tty below */
	ki->p_ru = PTRTOUINT64(&p->p_stats->p_ru);
	ki->p_eflag = 0;
	ki->p_exitsig = p->p_exitsig;
	ki->p_flag = sysctl_map_flags(sysctl_flagmap, p->p_flag);
	ki->p_flag |= sysctl_map_flags(sysctl_sflagmap, p->p_sflag);
	ki->p_flag |= sysctl_map_flags(sysctl_slflagmap, p->p_slflag);
	ki->p_flag |= sysctl_map_flags(sysctl_lflagmap, p->p_lflag);
	ki->p_flag |= sysctl_map_flags(sysctl_stflagmap, p->p_stflag);
	ki->p_pid = p->p_pid;
	if (p->p_pptr)
		ki->p_ppid = p->p_pptr->p_pid;
	else
		ki->p_ppid = 0;
	ki->p_uid = kauth_cred_geteuid(p->p_cred);
	ki->p_ruid = kauth_cred_getuid(p->p_cred);
	ki->p_gid = kauth_cred_getegid(p->p_cred);
	ki->p_rgid = kauth_cred_getgid(p->p_cred);
	ki->p_svuid = kauth_cred_getsvuid(p->p_cred);
	ki->p_svgid = kauth_cred_getsvgid(p->p_cred);
	ki->p_ngroups = kauth_cred_ngroups(p->p_cred);
	kauth_cred_getgroups(p->p_cred, ki->p_groups,
	    min(ki->p_ngroups, sizeof(ki->p_groups) / sizeof(ki->p_groups[0])),
	    UIO_SYSSPACE);

	ki->p_uticks = p->p_uticks;
	ki->p_sticks = p->p_sticks;
	ki->p_iticks = p->p_iticks;
	ki->p_tpgid = NO_PGID;	/* may be changed if controlling tty below */
	ki->p_tracep = PTRTOUINT64(p->p_tracep);
	ki->p_traceflag = p->p_traceflag;

	memcpy(&ki->p_sigignore, &p->p_sigctx.ps_sigignore,sizeof(ki_sigset_t));
	memcpy(&ki->p_sigcatch, &p->p_sigctx.ps_sigcatch, sizeof(ki_sigset_t));

	ki->p_cpticks = 0;
	ki->p_pctcpu = p->p_pctcpu;
	ki->p_estcpu = 0;
	ki->p_stat = p->p_stat; /* Will likely be overridden by LWP status */
	ki->p_realstat = p->p_stat;
	ki->p_nice = p->p_nice;
	ki->p_xstat = p->p_xstat;
	ki->p_acflag = p->p_acflag;

	strncpy(ki->p_comm, p->p_comm,
	    min(sizeof(ki->p_comm), sizeof(p->p_comm)));
	strncpy(ki->p_ename, p->p_emul->e_name, sizeof(ki->p_ename));

	ki->p_nlwps = p->p_nlwps;
	ki->p_realflag = ki->p_flag;

	if (p->p_stat != SIDL && !P_ZOMBIE(p) && !zombie) {
		vm = p->p_vmspace;
		ki->p_vm_rssize = vm_resident_count(vm);
		ki->p_vm_tsize = vm->vm_tsize;
		ki->p_vm_dsize = vm->vm_dsize;
		ki->p_vm_ssize = vm->vm_ssize;
		ki->p_vm_vsize = vm->vm_map.size;
		/*
		 * Since the stack is initially mapped mostly with
		 * PROT_NONE and grown as needed, adjust the "mapped size"
		 * to skip the unused stack portion.
		 */
		ki->p_vm_msize =
		    atop(vm->vm_map.size) - vm->vm_issize + vm->vm_ssize;

		/* Pick the primary (first) LWP */
		l = proc_active_lwp(p);
		KASSERT(l != NULL);
		lwp_lock(l);
		ki->p_nrlwps = p->p_nrlwps;
		ki->p_forw = 0;
		ki->p_back = 0;
		ki->p_addr = PTRTOUINT64(l->l_addr);
		ki->p_stat = l->l_stat;
		ki->p_flag |= sysctl_map_flags(sysctl_lwpflagmap, l->l_flag);
		ki->p_swtime = l->l_swtime;
		ki->p_slptime = l->l_slptime;
		if (l->l_stat == LSONPROC)
			ki->p_schedflags = l->l_cpu->ci_schedstate.spc_flags;
		else
			ki->p_schedflags = 0;
		ki->p_holdcnt = l->l_holdcnt;
		ki->p_priority = lwp_eprio(l);
		ki->p_usrpri = l->l_priority;
		if (l->l_wchan)
			strncpy(ki->p_wmesg, l->l_wmesg, sizeof(ki->p_wmesg));
		ki->p_wchan = PTRTOUINT64(l->l_wchan);
		ki->p_cpuid = cpu_index(l->l_cpu);
		lwp_unlock(l);
		LIST_FOREACH(l, &p->p_lwps, l_sibling) {
			/* This is hardly correct, but... */
			sigplusset(&l->l_sigpend.sp_set, &ss1);
			sigplusset(&l->l_sigmask, &ss2);
			ki->p_cpticks += l->l_cpticks;
			ki->p_pctcpu += l->l_pctcpu;
			ki->p_estcpu += l->l_estcpu;
		}
	}
	sigplusset(&p->p_sigpend.sp_set, &ss2);
	memcpy(&ki->p_siglist, &ss1, sizeof(ki_sigset_t));
	memcpy(&ki->p_sigmask, &ss2, sizeof(ki_sigset_t));

	if (p->p_session != NULL) {
		ki->p_sid = p->p_session->s_sid;
		ki->p__pgid = p->p_pgrp->pg_id;
		if (p->p_session->s_ttyvp)
			ki->p_eflag |= EPROC_CTTY;
		if (SESS_LEADER(p))
			ki->p_eflag |= EPROC_SLEADER;
		strncpy(ki->p_login, p->p_session->s_login,
		    min(sizeof ki->p_login - 1, sizeof p->p_session->s_login));
		ki->p_jobc = p->p_pgrp->pg_jobc;
		if ((p->p_lflag & PL_CONTROLT) && (tp = p->p_session->s_ttyp)) {
			ki->p_tdev = tp->t_dev;
			ki->p_tpgid = tp->t_pgrp ? tp->t_pgrp->pg_id : NO_PGID;
			ki->p_tsess = PTRTOUINT64(tp->t_session);
		} else {
			ki->p_tdev = (int32_t)NODEV;
		}
	}

	if (!P_ZOMBIE(p) && !zombie) {
		ki->p_uvalid = 1;
		ki->p_ustart_sec = p->p_stats->p_start.tv_sec;
		ki->p_ustart_usec = p->p_stats->p_start.tv_usec;

		calcru(p, &ut, &st, NULL, &rt);
		ki->p_rtime_sec = rt.tv_sec;
		ki->p_rtime_usec = rt.tv_usec;
		ki->p_uutime_sec = ut.tv_sec;
		ki->p_uutime_usec = ut.tv_usec;
		ki->p_ustime_sec = st.tv_sec;
		ki->p_ustime_usec = st.tv_usec;

		memcpy(&ru, &p->p_stats->p_ru, sizeof(ru));
		ki->p_uru_nvcsw = 0;
		ki->p_uru_nivcsw = 0;
		LIST_FOREACH(l2, &p->p_lwps, l_sibling) {
			ki->p_uru_nvcsw += (l2->l_ncsw - l2->l_nivcsw);
			ki->p_uru_nivcsw += l2->l_nivcsw;
			ruadd(&ru, &l2->l_ru);
		}
		ki->p_uru_maxrss = ru.ru_maxrss;
		ki->p_uru_ixrss = ru.ru_ixrss;
		ki->p_uru_idrss = ru.ru_idrss;
		ki->p_uru_isrss = ru.ru_isrss;
		ki->p_uru_minflt = ru.ru_minflt;
		ki->p_uru_majflt = ru.ru_majflt;
		ki->p_uru_nswap = ru.ru_nswap;
		ki->p_uru_inblock = ru.ru_inblock;
		ki->p_uru_oublock = ru.ru_oublock;
		ki->p_uru_msgsnd = ru.ru_msgsnd;
		ki->p_uru_msgrcv = ru.ru_msgrcv;
		ki->p_uru_nsignals = ru.ru_nsignals;

		timeradd(&p->p_stats->p_cru.ru_utime,
			 &p->p_stats->p_cru.ru_stime, &ut);
		ki->p_uctime_sec = ut.tv_sec;
		ki->p_uctime_usec = ut.tv_usec;
	}
}

/*
 * Fill in a kinfo_lwp structure for the specified lwp.
 */
static void
fill_lwp(struct lwp *l, struct kinfo_lwp *kl)
{
	struct proc *p = l->l_proc;
	struct timeval tv;

	KASSERT(lwp_locked(l, NULL));

	kl->l_forw = 0;
	kl->l_back = 0;
	kl->l_laddr = PTRTOUINT64(l);
	kl->l_addr = PTRTOUINT64(l->l_addr);
	kl->l_stat = l->l_stat;
	kl->l_lid = l->l_lid;
	kl->l_flag = sysctl_map_flags(sysctl_lwpprflagmap, l->l_prflag);
	kl->l_flag |= sysctl_map_flags(sysctl_lwpflagmap, l->l_flag);

	kl->l_swtime = l->l_swtime;
	kl->l_slptime = l->l_slptime;
	if (l->l_stat == LSONPROC)
		kl->l_schedflags = l->l_cpu->ci_schedstate.spc_flags;
	else
		kl->l_schedflags = 0;
	kl->l_holdcnt = l->l_holdcnt;
	kl->l_priority = lwp_eprio(l);
	kl->l_usrpri = l->l_priority;
	if (l->l_wchan)
		strncpy(kl->l_wmesg, l->l_wmesg, sizeof(kl->l_wmesg));
	kl->l_wchan = PTRTOUINT64(l->l_wchan);
	kl->l_cpuid = cpu_index(l->l_cpu);
	bintime2timeval(&l->l_rtime, &tv);
	kl->l_rtime_sec = tv.tv_sec;
	kl->l_rtime_usec = tv.tv_usec;
	kl->l_cpticks = l->l_cpticks;
	kl->l_pctcpu = l->l_pctcpu;
	kl->l_pid = p->p_pid;
	if (l->l_name == NULL)
		kl->l_name[0] = '\0';
	else
		strlcpy(kl->l_name, l->l_name, sizeof(kl->l_name));
}

/*
 * Fill in an eproc structure for the specified process.
 */
void
fill_eproc(struct proc *p, struct eproc *ep, bool zombie)
{
	struct tty *tp;
	struct lwp *l;

	KASSERT(mutex_owned(proc_lock));
	KASSERT(mutex_owned(p->p_lock));

	memset(ep, 0, sizeof(*ep));

	ep->e_paddr = p;
	ep->e_sess = p->p_session;
	if (p->p_cred) {
		kauth_cred_topcred(p->p_cred, &ep->e_pcred);
		kauth_cred_toucred(p->p_cred, &ep->e_ucred);
	}
	if (p->p_stat != SIDL && !P_ZOMBIE(p) && !zombie) {
		struct vmspace *vm = p->p_vmspace;

		ep->e_vm.vm_rssize = vm_resident_count(vm);
		ep->e_vm.vm_tsize = vm->vm_tsize;
		ep->e_vm.vm_dsize = vm->vm_dsize;
		ep->e_vm.vm_ssize = vm->vm_ssize;
		ep->e_vm.vm_map.size = vm->vm_map.size;

		/* Pick the primary (first) LWP */
		l = proc_active_lwp(p);
		KASSERT(l != NULL);
		lwp_lock(l);
		if (l->l_wchan)
			strncpy(ep->e_wmesg, l->l_wmesg, WMESGLEN);
		lwp_unlock(l);
	}
	if (p->p_pptr)
		ep->e_ppid = p->p_pptr->p_pid;
	if (p->p_pgrp && p->p_session) {
		ep->e_pgid = p->p_pgrp->pg_id;
		ep->e_jobc = p->p_pgrp->pg_jobc;
		ep->e_sid = p->p_session->s_sid;
		if ((p->p_lflag & PL_CONTROLT) &&
		    (tp = ep->e_sess->s_ttyp)) {
			ep->e_tdev = tp->t_dev;
			ep->e_tpgid = tp->t_pgrp ? tp->t_pgrp->pg_id : NO_PGID;
			ep->e_tsess = tp->t_session;
		} else
			ep->e_tdev = (uint32_t)NODEV;
		ep->e_flag = ep->e_sess->s_ttyvp ? EPROC_CTTY : 0;
		if (SESS_LEADER(p))
			ep->e_flag |= EPROC_SLEADER;
		strncpy(ep->e_login, ep->e_sess->s_login, MAXLOGNAME);
	}
	ep->e_xsize = ep->e_xrssize = 0;
	ep->e_xccount = ep->e_xswrss = 0;
}

u_int
sysctl_map_flags(const u_int *map, u_int word)
{
	u_int rv;

	for (rv = 0; *map != 0; map += 2)
		if ((word & map[0]) != 0)
			rv |= map[1];

	return rv;
}