xref: /src/sys/kern/subr_pool.c

/*	$NetBSD: subr_pool.c,v 1.37 2000/06/10 18:44:44 sommerfeld Exp $	*/

/*-
 * Copyright (c) 1997, 1999 The NetBSD Foundation, Inc.
 * All rights reserved.
 *
 * This code is derived from software contributed to The NetBSD Foundation
 * by Paul Kranenburg; by Jason R. Thorpe of the Numerical Aerospace
 * Simulation Facility, NASA Ames Research Center.
 *
 * Redistribution and use in source and binary forms, with or without
 * modification, are permitted provided that the following conditions
 * are met:
 * 1. Redistributions of source code must retain the above copyright
 *    notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer.
 * 2. Redistributions in binary form must reproduce the above copyright
 *    notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer in the
 *    documentation and/or other materials provided with the distribution.
 * 3. All advertising materials mentioning features or use of this software
 *    must display the following acknowledgement:
 *	This product includes software developed by the NetBSD
 *	Foundation, Inc. and its contributors.
 * 4. Neither the name of The NetBSD Foundation nor the names of its
 *    contributors may be used to endorse or promote products derived
 *    from this software without specific prior written permission.
 *
 * THIS SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED BY THE NETBSD FOUNDATION, INC. AND CONTRIBUTORS
 * ``AS IS'' AND ANY EXPRESS OR IMPLIED WARRANTIES, INCLUDING, BUT NOT LIMITED
 * TO, THE IMPLIED WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY AND FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR
 * PURPOSE ARE DISCLAIMED.  IN NO EVENT SHALL THE FOUNDATION OR CONTRIBUTORS
 * BE LIABLE FOR ANY DIRECT, INDIRECT, INCIDENTAL, SPECIAL, EXEMPLARY, OR
 * CONSEQUENTIAL DAMAGES (INCLUDING, BUT NOT LIMITED TO, PROCUREMENT OF
 * SUBSTITUTE GOODS OR SERVICES; LOSS OF USE, DATA, OR PROFITS; OR BUSINESS
 * INTERRUPTION) HOWEVER CAUSED AND ON ANY THEORY OF LIABILITY, WHETHER IN
 * CONTRACT, STRICT LIABILITY, OR TORT (INCLUDING NEGLIGENCE OR OTHERWISE)
 * ARISING IN ANY WAY OUT OF THE USE OF THIS SOFTWARE, EVEN IF ADVISED OF THE
 * POSSIBILITY OF SUCH DAMAGE.
 */

#include "opt_pool.h"
#include "opt_poollog.h"
#include "opt_lockdebug.h"

#include <sys/param.h>
#include <sys/systm.h>
#include <sys/proc.h>
#include <sys/errno.h>
#include <sys/kernel.h>
#include <sys/malloc.h>
#include <sys/lock.h>
#include <sys/pool.h>
#include <sys/syslog.h>

#include <vm/vm.h>
#include <vm/vm_kern.h>

#include <uvm/uvm.h>

/*
 * Pool resource management utility.
 *
 * Memory is allocated in pages which are split into pieces according
 * to the pool item size. Each page is kept on a list headed by `pr_pagelist'
 * in the pool structure and the individual pool items are on a linked list
 * headed by `ph_itemlist' in each page header. The memory for building
 * the page list is either taken from the allocated pages themselves (for
 * small pool items) or taken from an internal pool of page headers (`phpool').
 */

/* List of all pools */
TAILQ_HEAD(,pool) pool_head = TAILQ_HEAD_INITIALIZER(pool_head);

/* Private pool for page header structures */
static struct pool phpool;

/* # of seconds to retain page after last use */
int pool_inactive_time = 10;

/* Next candidate for drainage (see pool_drain()) */
static struct pool	*drainpp;

/* This spin lock protects both pool_head and drainpp. */
struct simplelock pool_head_slock = SIMPLELOCK_INITIALIZER;

struct pool_item_header {
	/* Page headers */
	TAILQ_ENTRY(pool_item_header)
				ph_pagelist;	/* pool page list */
	TAILQ_HEAD(,pool_item)	ph_itemlist;	/* chunk list for this page */
	LIST_ENTRY(pool_item_header)
				ph_hashlist;	/* Off-page page headers */
	int			ph_nmissing;	/* # of chunks in use */
	caddr_t			ph_page;	/* this page's address */
	struct timeval		ph_time;	/* last referenced */
};

struct pool_item {
#ifdef DIAGNOSTIC
	int pi_magic;
#endif
#define	PI_MAGIC 0xdeadbeef
	/* Other entries use only this list entry */
	TAILQ_ENTRY(pool_item)	pi_list;
};


#define	PR_HASH_INDEX(pp,addr) \
	(((u_long)(addr) >> (pp)->pr_pageshift) & (PR_HASHTABSIZE - 1))



static struct pool_item_header
		*pr_find_pagehead __P((struct pool *, caddr_t));
static void	pr_rmpage __P((struct pool *, struct pool_item_header *));
static int	pool_catchup __P((struct pool *));
static void	pool_prime_page __P((struct pool *, caddr_t));
static void	*pool_page_alloc __P((unsigned long, int, int));
static void	pool_page_free __P((void *, unsigned long, int));

static void pool_print1 __P((struct pool *, const char *,
	void (*)(const char *, ...)));

/*
 * Pool log entry. An array of these is allocated in pool_create().
 */
struct pool_log {
	const char	*pl_file;
	long		pl_line;
	int		pl_action;
#define	PRLOG_GET	1
#define	PRLOG_PUT	2
	void		*pl_addr;
};

/* Number of entries in pool log buffers */
#ifndef POOL_LOGSIZE
#define	POOL_LOGSIZE	10
#endif

int pool_logsize = POOL_LOGSIZE;

#ifdef DIAGNOSTIC
static void	pr_log __P((struct pool *, void *, int, const char *, long));
static void	pr_printlog __P((struct pool *, struct pool_item *,
		    void (*)(const char *, ...)));
static void	pr_enter __P((struct pool *, const char *, long));
static void	pr_leave __P((struct pool *));
static void	pr_enter_check __P((struct pool *,
		    void (*)(const char *, ...)));

static __inline__ void
pr_log(pp, v, action, file, line)
	struct pool	*pp;
	void		*v;
	int		action;
	const char	*file;
	long		line;
{
	int n = pp->pr_curlogentry;
	struct pool_log *pl;

	if ((pp->pr_roflags & PR_LOGGING) == 0)
		return;

	/*
	 * Fill in the current entry. Wrap around and overwrite
	 * the oldest entry if necessary.
	 */
	pl = &pp->pr_log[n];
	pl->pl_file = file;
	pl->pl_line = line;
	pl->pl_action = action;
	pl->pl_addr = v;
	if (++n >= pp->pr_logsize)
		n = 0;
	pp->pr_curlogentry = n;
}

static void
pr_printlog(pp, pi, pr)
	struct pool *pp;
	struct pool_item *pi;
	void (*pr) __P((const char *, ...));
{
	int i = pp->pr_logsize;
	int n = pp->pr_curlogentry;

	if ((pp->pr_roflags & PR_LOGGING) == 0)
		return;

	/*
	 * Print all entries in this pool's log.
	 */
	while (i-- > 0) {
		struct pool_log *pl = &pp->pr_log[n];
		if (pl->pl_action != 0) {
			if (pi == NULL || pi == pl->pl_addr) {
				(*pr)("\tlog entry %d:\n", i);
				(*pr)("\t\taction = %s, addr = %p\n",
				    pl->pl_action == PRLOG_GET ? "get" : "put",
				    pl->pl_addr);
				(*pr)("\t\tfile: %s at line %lu\n",
				    pl->pl_file, pl->pl_line);
			}
		}
		if (++n >= pp->pr_logsize)
			n = 0;
	}
}

static __inline__ void
pr_enter(pp, file, line)
	struct pool *pp;
	const char *file;
	long line;
{

	if (__predict_false(pp->pr_entered_file != NULL)) {
		printf("pool %s: reentrancy at file %s line %ld\n",
		    pp->pr_wchan, file, line);
		printf("         previous entry at file %s line %ld\n",
		    pp->pr_entered_file, pp->pr_entered_line);
		panic("pr_enter");
	}

	pp->pr_entered_file = file;
	pp->pr_entered_line = line;
}

static __inline__ void
pr_leave(pp)
	struct pool *pp;
{

	if (__predict_false(pp->pr_entered_file == NULL)) {
		printf("pool %s not entered?\n", pp->pr_wchan);
		panic("pr_leave");
	}

	pp->pr_entered_file = NULL;
	pp->pr_entered_line = 0;
}

static __inline__ void
pr_enter_check(pp, pr)
	struct pool *pp;
	void (*pr) __P((const char *, ...));
{

	if (pp->pr_entered_file != NULL)
		(*pr)("\n\tcurrently entered from file %s line %ld\n",
		    pp->pr_entered_file, pp->pr_entered_line);
}
#else
#define	pr_log(pp, v, action, file, line)
#define	pr_printlog(pp, pi, pr)
#define	pr_enter(pp, file, line)
#define	pr_leave(pp)
#define	pr_enter_check(pp, pr)
#endif /* DIAGNOSTIC */

/*
 * Return the pool page header based on page address.
 */
static __inline__ struct pool_item_header *
pr_find_pagehead(pp, page)
	struct pool *pp;
	caddr_t page;
{
	struct pool_item_header *ph;

	if ((pp->pr_roflags & PR_PHINPAGE) != 0)
		return ((struct pool_item_header *)(page + pp->pr_phoffset));

	for (ph = LIST_FIRST(&pp->pr_hashtab[PR_HASH_INDEX(pp, page)]);
	     ph != NULL;
	     ph = LIST_NEXT(ph, ph_hashlist)) {
		if (ph->ph_page == page)
			return (ph);
	}
	return (NULL);
}

/*
 * Remove a page from the pool.
 */
static __inline__ void
pr_rmpage(pp, ph)
	struct pool *pp;
	struct pool_item_header *ph;
{

	/*
	 * If the page was idle, decrement the idle page count.
	 */
	if (ph->ph_nmissing == 0) {
#ifdef DIAGNOSTIC
		if (pp->pr_nidle == 0)
			panic("pr_rmpage: nidle inconsistent");
		if (pp->pr_nitems < pp->pr_itemsperpage)
			panic("pr_rmpage: nitems inconsistent");
#endif
		pp->pr_nidle--;
	}

	pp->pr_nitems -= pp->pr_itemsperpage;

	/*
	 * Unlink a page from the pool and release it.
	 */
	TAILQ_REMOVE(&pp->pr_pagelist, ph, ph_pagelist);
	(*pp->pr_free)(ph->ph_page, pp->pr_pagesz, pp->pr_mtype);
	pp->pr_npages--;
	pp->pr_npagefree++;

	if ((pp->pr_roflags & PR_PHINPAGE) == 0) {
		int s;
		LIST_REMOVE(ph, ph_hashlist);
		s = splhigh();
		pool_put(&phpool, ph);
		splx(s);
	}

	if (pp->pr_curpage == ph) {
		/*
		 * Find a new non-empty page header, if any.
		 * Start search from the page head, to increase the
		 * chance for "high water" pages to be freed.
		 */
		for (ph = TAILQ_FIRST(&pp->pr_pagelist); ph != NULL;
		     ph = TAILQ_NEXT(ph, ph_pagelist))
			if (TAILQ_FIRST(&ph->ph_itemlist) != NULL)
				break;

		pp->pr_curpage = ph;
	}
}

/*
 * Allocate and initialize a pool.
 */
struct pool *
pool_create(size, align, ioff, nitems, wchan, pagesz, alloc, release, mtype)
	size_t	size;
	u_int	align;
	u_int	ioff;
	int	nitems;
	const char *wchan;
	size_t	pagesz;
	void	*(*alloc) __P((unsigned long, int, int));
	void	(*release) __P((void *, unsigned long, int));
	int	mtype;
{
	struct pool *pp;
	int flags;

	pp = (struct pool *)malloc(sizeof(*pp), M_POOL, M_NOWAIT);
	if (pp == NULL)
		return (NULL);

	flags = PR_FREEHEADER;
	pool_init(pp, size, align, ioff, flags, wchan, pagesz,
		  alloc, release, mtype);

	if (nitems != 0) {
		if (pool_prime(pp, nitems, NULL) != 0) {
			pool_destroy(pp);
			return (NULL);
		}
	}

	return (pp);
}

/*
 * Initialize the given pool resource structure.
 *
 * We export this routine to allow other kernel parts to declare
 * static pools that must be initialized before malloc() is available.
 */
void
pool_init(pp, size, align, ioff, flags, wchan, pagesz, alloc, release, mtype)
	struct pool	*pp;
	size_t		size;
	u_int		align;
	u_int		ioff;
	int		flags;
	const char	*wchan;
	size_t		pagesz;
	void		*(*alloc) __P((unsigned long, int, int));
	void		(*release) __P((void *, unsigned long, int));
	int		mtype;
{
	int off, slack, i;

#ifdef POOL_DIAGNOSTIC
	/*
	 * Always log if POOL_DIAGNOSTIC is defined.
	 */
	if (pool_logsize != 0)
		flags |= PR_LOGGING;
#endif

	/*
	 * Check arguments and construct default values.
	 */
	if (!powerof2(pagesz))
		panic("pool_init: page size invalid (%lx)\n", (u_long)pagesz);

	if (alloc == NULL && release == NULL) {
		alloc = pool_page_alloc;
		release = pool_page_free;
		pagesz = PAGE_SIZE;	/* Rounds to PAGE_SIZE anyhow. */
	} else if ((alloc != NULL && release != NULL) == 0) {
		/* If you specifiy one, must specify both. */
		panic("pool_init: must specify alloc and release together");
	}

	if (pagesz == 0)
		pagesz = PAGE_SIZE;

	if (align == 0)
		align = ALIGN(1);

	if (size < sizeof(struct pool_item))
		size = sizeof(struct pool_item);

	size = ALIGN(size);
	if (size >= pagesz)
		panic("pool_init: pool item size (%lu) too large",
		      (u_long)size);

	/*
	 * Initialize the pool structure.
	 */
	TAILQ_INIT(&pp->pr_pagelist);
	pp->pr_curpage = NULL;
	pp->pr_npages = 0;
	pp->pr_minitems = 0;
	pp->pr_minpages = 0;
	pp->pr_maxpages = UINT_MAX;
	pp->pr_roflags = flags;
	pp->pr_flags = 0;
	pp->pr_size = size;
	pp->pr_align = align;
	pp->pr_wchan = wchan;
	pp->pr_mtype = mtype;
	pp->pr_alloc = alloc;
	pp->pr_free = release;
	pp->pr_pagesz = pagesz;
	pp->pr_pagemask = ~(pagesz - 1);
	pp->pr_pageshift = ffs(pagesz) - 1;
	pp->pr_nitems = 0;
	pp->pr_nout = 0;
	pp->pr_hardlimit = UINT_MAX;
	pp->pr_hardlimit_warning = NULL;
	pp->pr_hardlimit_ratecap.tv_sec = 0;
	pp->pr_hardlimit_ratecap.tv_usec = 0;
	pp->pr_hardlimit_warning_last.tv_sec = 0;
	pp->pr_hardlimit_warning_last.tv_usec = 0;

	/*
	 * Decide whether to put the page header off page to avoid
	 * wasting too large a part of the page. Off-page page headers
	 * go on a hash table, so we can match a returned item
	 * with its header based on the page address.
	 * We use 1/16 of the page size as the threshold (XXX: tune)
	 */
	if (pp->pr_size < pagesz/16) {
		/* Use the end of the page for the page header */
		pp->pr_roflags |= PR_PHINPAGE;
		pp->pr_phoffset = off =
			pagesz - ALIGN(sizeof(struct pool_item_header));
	} else {
		/* The page header will be taken from our page header pool */
		pp->pr_phoffset = 0;
		off = pagesz;
		for (i = 0; i < PR_HASHTABSIZE; i++) {
			LIST_INIT(&pp->pr_hashtab[i]);
		}
	}

	/*
	 * Alignment is to take place at `ioff' within the item. This means
	 * we must reserve up to `align - 1' bytes on the page to allow
	 * appropriate positioning of each item.
	 *
	 * Silently enforce `0 <= ioff < align'.
	 */
	pp->pr_itemoffset = ioff = ioff % align;
	pp->pr_itemsperpage = (off - ((align - ioff) % align)) / pp->pr_size;

	/*
	 * Use the slack between the chunks and the page header
	 * for "cache coloring".
	 */
	slack = off - pp->pr_itemsperpage * pp->pr_size;
	pp->pr_maxcolor = (slack / align) * align;
	pp->pr_curcolor = 0;

	pp->pr_nget = 0;
	pp->pr_nfail = 0;
	pp->pr_nput = 0;
	pp->pr_npagealloc = 0;
	pp->pr_npagefree = 0;
	pp->pr_hiwat = 0;
	pp->pr_nidle = 0;

	if (flags & PR_LOGGING) {
		if (kmem_map == NULL ||
		    (pp->pr_log = malloc(pool_logsize * sizeof(struct pool_log),
		     M_TEMP, M_NOWAIT)) == NULL)
			pp->pr_roflags &= ~PR_LOGGING;
		pp->pr_curlogentry = 0;
		pp->pr_logsize = pool_logsize;
	}

	pp->pr_entered_file = NULL;
	pp->pr_entered_line = 0;

	simple_lock_init(&pp->pr_slock);

	/*
	 * Initialize private page header pool if we haven't done so yet.
	 * XXX LOCKING.
	 */
	if (phpool.pr_size == 0) {
		pool_init(&phpool, sizeof(struct pool_item_header), 0, 0,
			  0, "phpool", 0, 0, 0, 0);
	}

	/* Insert into the list of all pools. */
	simple_lock(&pool_head_slock);
	TAILQ_INSERT_TAIL(&pool_head, pp, pr_poollist);
	simple_unlock(&pool_head_slock);
}

/*
 * De-commision a pool resource.
 */
void
pool_destroy(pp)
	struct pool *pp;
{
	struct pool_item_header *ph;

#ifdef DIAGNOSTIC
	if (pp->pr_nout != 0) {
		pr_printlog(pp, NULL, printf);
		panic("pool_destroy: pool busy: still out: %u\n",
		    pp->pr_nout);
	}
#endif

	/* Remove all pages */
	if ((pp->pr_roflags & PR_STATIC) == 0)
		while ((ph = pp->pr_pagelist.tqh_first) != NULL)
			pr_rmpage(pp, ph);

	/* Remove from global pool list */
	simple_lock(&pool_head_slock);
	TAILQ_REMOVE(&pool_head, pp, pr_poollist);
	/* XXX Only clear this if we were drainpp? */
	drainpp = NULL;
	simple_unlock(&pool_head_slock);

	if ((pp->pr_roflags & PR_LOGGING) != 0)
		free(pp->pr_log, M_TEMP);

	if (pp->pr_roflags & PR_FREEHEADER)
		free(pp, M_POOL);
}


/*
 * Grab an item from the pool; must be called at appropriate spl level
 */
void *
_pool_get(pp, flags, file, line)
	struct pool *pp;
	int flags;
	const char *file;
	long line;
{
	void *v;
	struct pool_item *pi;
	struct pool_item_header *ph;

#ifdef DIAGNOSTIC
	if (__predict_false((pp->pr_roflags & PR_STATIC) &&
			    (flags & PR_MALLOCOK))) {
		pr_printlog(pp, NULL, printf);
		panic("pool_get: static");
	}
#endif

	if (__predict_false(curproc == NULL && doing_shutdown == 0 &&
			    (flags & PR_WAITOK) != 0))
		panic("pool_get: must have NOWAIT");

	simple_lock(&pp->pr_slock);
	pr_enter(pp, file, line);

 startover:
	/*
	 * Check to see if we've reached the hard limit.  If we have,
	 * and we can wait, then wait until an item has been returned to
	 * the pool.
	 */
#ifdef DIAGNOSTIC
	if (__predict_false(pp->pr_nout > pp->pr_hardlimit)) {
		pr_leave(pp);
		simple_unlock(&pp->pr_slock);
		panic("pool_get: %s: crossed hard limit", pp->pr_wchan);
	}
#endif
	if (__predict_false(pp->pr_nout == pp->pr_hardlimit)) {
		if ((flags & PR_WAITOK) && !(flags & PR_LIMITFAIL)) {
			/*
			 * XXX: A warning isn't logged in this case.  Should
			 * it be?
			 */
			pp->pr_flags |= PR_WANTED;
			pr_leave(pp);
			simple_unlock(&pp->pr_slock);
			tsleep((caddr_t)pp, PSWP, pp->pr_wchan, 0);
			simple_lock(&pp->pr_slock);
			pr_enter(pp, file, line);
			goto startover;
		}

		/*
		 * Log a message that the hard limit has been hit.
		 */
		if (pp->pr_hardlimit_warning != NULL &&
		    ratecheck(&pp->pr_hardlimit_warning_last,
			      &pp->pr_hardlimit_ratecap))
			log(LOG_ERR, "%s\n", pp->pr_hardlimit_warning);

		if (flags & PR_URGENT)
			panic("pool_get: urgent");

		pp->pr_nfail++;

		pr_leave(pp);
		simple_unlock(&pp->pr_slock);
		return (NULL);
	}

	/*
	 * The convention we use is that if `curpage' is not NULL, then
	 * it points at a non-empty bucket. In particular, `curpage'
	 * never points at a page header which has PR_PHINPAGE set and
	 * has no items in its bucket.
	 */
	if ((ph = pp->pr_curpage) == NULL) {
		void *v;

#ifdef DIAGNOSTIC
		if (pp->pr_nitems != 0) {
			simple_unlock(&pp->pr_slock);
			printf("pool_get: %s: curpage NULL, nitems %u\n",
			    pp->pr_wchan, pp->pr_nitems);
			panic("pool_get: nitems inconsistent\n");
		}
#endif

		/*
		 * Call the back-end page allocator for more memory.
		 * Release the pool lock, as the back-end page allocator
		 * may block.
		 */
		pr_leave(pp);
		simple_unlock(&pp->pr_slock);
		v = (*pp->pr_alloc)(pp->pr_pagesz, flags, pp->pr_mtype);
		simple_lock(&pp->pr_slock);
		pr_enter(pp, file, line);

		if (v == NULL) {
			/*
			 * We were unable to allocate a page, but
			 * we released the lock during allocation,
			 * so perhaps items were freed back to the
			 * pool.  Check for this case.
			 */
			if (pp->pr_curpage != NULL)
				goto startover;

			if (flags & PR_URGENT)
				panic("pool_get: urgent");

			if ((flags & PR_WAITOK) == 0) {
				pp->pr_nfail++;
				pr_leave(pp);
				simple_unlock(&pp->pr_slock);
				return (NULL);
			}

			/*
			 * Wait for items to be returned to this pool.
			 *
			 * XXX: we actually want to wait just until
			 * the page allocator has memory again. Depending
			 * on this pool's usage, we might get stuck here
			 * for a long time.
			 *
			 * XXX: maybe we should wake up once a second and
			 * try again?
			 */
			pp->pr_flags |= PR_WANTED;
			pr_leave(pp);
			simple_unlock(&pp->pr_slock);
			tsleep((caddr_t)pp, PSWP, pp->pr_wchan, 0);
			simple_lock(&pp->pr_slock);
			pr_enter(pp, file, line);
			goto startover;
		}

		/* We have more memory; add it to the pool */
		pp->pr_npagealloc++;
		pool_prime_page(pp, v);

		/* Start the allocation process over. */
		goto startover;
	}

	if (__predict_false((v = pi = TAILQ_FIRST(&ph->ph_itemlist)) == NULL)) {
		pr_leave(pp);
		simple_unlock(&pp->pr_slock);
		panic("pool_get: %s: page empty", pp->pr_wchan);
	}
#ifdef DIAGNOSTIC
	if (__predict_false(pp->pr_nitems == 0)) {
		pr_leave(pp);
		simple_unlock(&pp->pr_slock);
		printf("pool_get: %s: items on itemlist, nitems %u\n",
		    pp->pr_wchan, pp->pr_nitems);
		panic("pool_get: nitems inconsistent\n");
	}
#endif
	pr_log(pp, v, PRLOG_GET, file, line);

#ifdef DIAGNOSTIC
	if (__predict_false(pi->pi_magic != PI_MAGIC)) {
		pr_printlog(pp, pi, printf);
		panic("pool_get(%s): free list modified: magic=%x; page %p;"
		       " item addr %p\n",
			pp->pr_wchan, pi->pi_magic, ph->ph_page, pi);
	}
#endif

	/*
	 * Remove from item list.
	 */
	TAILQ_REMOVE(&ph->ph_itemlist, pi, pi_list);
	pp->pr_nitems--;
	pp->pr_nout++;
	if (ph->ph_nmissing == 0) {
#ifdef DIAGNOSTIC
		if (__predict_false(pp->pr_nidle == 0))
			panic("pool_get: nidle inconsistent");
#endif
		pp->pr_nidle--;
	}
	ph->ph_nmissing++;
	if (TAILQ_FIRST(&ph->ph_itemlist) == NULL) {
#ifdef DIAGNOSTIC
		if (__predict_false(ph->ph_nmissing != pp->pr_itemsperpage)) {
			pr_leave(pp);
			simple_unlock(&pp->pr_slock);
			panic("pool_get: %s: nmissing inconsistent",
			    pp->pr_wchan);
		}
#endif
		/*
		 * Find a new non-empty page header, if any.
		 * Start search from the page head, to increase
		 * the chance for "high water" pages to be freed.
		 *
		 * Migrate empty pages to the end of the list.  This
		 * will speed the update of curpage as pages become
		 * idle.  Empty pages intermingled with idle pages
		 * is no big deal.  As soon as a page becomes un-empty,
		 * it will move back to the head of the list.
		 */
		TAILQ_REMOVE(&pp->pr_pagelist, ph, ph_pagelist);
		TAILQ_INSERT_TAIL(&pp->pr_pagelist, ph, ph_pagelist);
		for (ph = TAILQ_FIRST(&pp->pr_pagelist); ph != NULL;
		     ph = TAILQ_NEXT(ph, ph_pagelist))
			if (TAILQ_FIRST(&ph->ph_itemlist) != NULL)
				break;

		pp->pr_curpage = ph;
	}

	pp->pr_nget++;

	/*
	 * If we have a low water mark and we are now below that low
	 * water mark, add more items to the pool.
	 */
	if (pp->pr_nitems < pp->pr_minitems && pool_catchup(pp) != 0) {
		/*
		 * XXX: Should we log a warning?  Should we set up a timeout
		 * to try again in a second or so?  The latter could break
		 * a caller's assumptions about interrupt protection, etc.
		 */
	}

	pr_leave(pp);
	simple_unlock(&pp->pr_slock);
	return (v);
}

/*
 * Return resource to the pool; must be called at appropriate spl level
 */
void
_pool_put(pp, v, file, line)
	struct pool *pp;
	void *v;
	const char *file;
	long line;
{
	struct pool_item *pi = v;
	struct pool_item_header *ph;
	caddr_t page;
	int s;

	page = (caddr_t)((u_long)v & pp->pr_pagemask);

	simple_lock(&pp->pr_slock);
	pr_enter(pp, file, line);

#ifdef DIAGNOSTIC
	if (__predict_false(pp->pr_nout == 0)) {
		printf("pool %s: putting with none out\n",
		    pp->pr_wchan);
		panic("pool_put");
	}
#endif

	pr_log(pp, v, PRLOG_PUT, file, line);

	if (__predict_false((ph = pr_find_pagehead(pp, page)) == NULL)) {
		pr_printlog(pp, NULL, printf);
		panic("pool_put: %s: page header missing", pp->pr_wchan);
	}

#ifdef LOCKDEBUG
	/*
	 * Check if we're freeing a locked simple lock.
	 */
	simple_lock_freecheck((caddr_t)pi, ((caddr_t)pi) + pp->pr_size);
#endif

	/*
	 * Return to item list.
	 */
#ifdef DIAGNOSTIC
	pi->pi_magic = PI_MAGIC;
#endif
#ifdef DEBUG
	{
		int i, *ip = v;

		for (i = 0; i < pp->pr_size / sizeof(int); i++) {
			*ip++ = PI_MAGIC;
		}
	}
#endif

	TAILQ_INSERT_HEAD(&ph->ph_itemlist, pi, pi_list);
	ph->ph_nmissing--;
	pp->pr_nput++;
	pp->pr_nitems++;
	pp->pr_nout--;

	/* Cancel "pool empty" condition if it exists */
	if (pp->pr_curpage == NULL)
		pp->pr_curpage = ph;

	if (pp->pr_flags & PR_WANTED) {
		pp->pr_flags &= ~PR_WANTED;
		if (ph->ph_nmissing == 0)
			pp->pr_nidle++;
		pr_leave(pp);
		simple_unlock(&pp->pr_slock);
		wakeup((caddr_t)pp);
		return;
	}

	/*
	 * If this page is now complete, do one of two things:
	 *
	 *	(1) If we have more pages than the page high water
	 *	    mark, free the page back to the system.
	 *
	 *	(2) Move it to the end of the page list, so that
	 *	    we minimize our chances of fragmenting the
	 *	    pool.  Idle pages migrate to the end (along with
	 *	    completely empty pages, so that we find un-empty
	 *	    pages more quickly when we update curpage) of the
	 *	    list so they can be more easily swept up by
	 *	    the pagedaemon when pages are scarce.
	 */
	if (ph->ph_nmissing == 0) {
		pp->pr_nidle++;
		if (pp->pr_npages > pp->pr_maxpages) {
			pr_rmpage(pp, ph);
		} else {
			TAILQ_REMOVE(&pp->pr_pagelist, ph, ph_pagelist);
			TAILQ_INSERT_TAIL(&pp->pr_pagelist, ph, ph_pagelist);

			/*
			 * Update the timestamp on the page.  A page must
			 * be idle for some period of time before it can
			 * be reclaimed by the pagedaemon.  This minimizes
			 * ping-pong'ing for memory.
			 */
			s = splclock();
			ph->ph_time = mono_time;
			splx(s);

			/*
			 * Update the current page pointer.  Just look for
			 * the first page with any free items.
			 *
			 * XXX: Maybe we want an option to look for the
			 * page with the fewest available items, to minimize
			 * fragmentation?
			 */
			for (ph = TAILQ_FIRST(&pp->pr_pagelist); ph != NULL;
			     ph = TAILQ_NEXT(ph, ph_pagelist))
				if (TAILQ_FIRST(&ph->ph_itemlist) != NULL)
					break;

			pp->pr_curpage = ph;
		}
	}
	/*
	 * If the page has just become un-empty, move it to the head of
	 * the list, and make it the current page.  The next allocation
	 * will get the item from this page, instead of further fragmenting
	 * the pool.
	 */
	else if (ph->ph_nmissing == (pp->pr_itemsperpage - 1)) {
		TAILQ_REMOVE(&pp->pr_pagelist, ph, ph_pagelist);
		TAILQ_INSERT_HEAD(&pp->pr_pagelist, ph, ph_pagelist);
		pp->pr_curpage = ph;
	}

	pr_leave(pp);
	simple_unlock(&pp->pr_slock);

}

/*
 * Add N items to the pool.
 */
int
pool_prime(pp, n, storage)
	struct pool *pp;
	int n;
	caddr_t storage;
{
	caddr_t cp;
	int newnitems, newpages;

#ifdef DIAGNOSTIC
	if (__predict_false(storage && !(pp->pr_roflags & PR_STATIC)))
		panic("pool_prime: static");
	/* !storage && static caught below */
#endif

	simple_lock(&pp->pr_slock);

	newnitems = pp->pr_minitems + n;
	newpages =
		roundup(newnitems, pp->pr_itemsperpage) / pp->pr_itemsperpage
		- pp->pr_minpages;

	while (newpages-- > 0) {
		if (pp->pr_roflags & PR_STATIC) {
			cp = storage;
			storage += pp->pr_pagesz;
		} else {
			simple_unlock(&pp->pr_slock);
			cp = (*pp->pr_alloc)(pp->pr_pagesz, 0, pp->pr_mtype);
			simple_lock(&pp->pr_slock);
		}

		if (cp == NULL) {
			simple_unlock(&pp->pr_slock);
			return (ENOMEM);
		}

		pp->pr_npagealloc++;
		pool_prime_page(pp, cp);
		pp->pr_minpages++;
	}

	pp->pr_minitems = newnitems;

	if (pp->pr_minpages >= pp->pr_maxpages)
		pp->pr_maxpages = pp->pr_minpages + 1;	/* XXX */

	simple_unlock(&pp->pr_slock);
	return (0);
}

/*
 * Add a page worth of items to the pool.
 *
 * Note, we must be called with the pool descriptor LOCKED.
 */
static void
pool_prime_page(pp, storage)
	struct pool *pp;
	caddr_t storage;
{
	struct pool_item *pi;
	struct pool_item_header *ph;
	caddr_t cp = storage;
	unsigned int align = pp->pr_align;
	unsigned int ioff = pp->pr_itemoffset;
	int s, n;

	if (((u_long)cp & (pp->pr_pagesz - 1)) != 0)
		panic("pool_prime_page: %s: unaligned page", pp->pr_wchan);

	if ((pp->pr_roflags & PR_PHINPAGE) != 0) {
		ph = (struct pool_item_header *)(cp + pp->pr_phoffset);
	} else {
		s = splhigh();
		ph = pool_get(&phpool, PR_URGENT);
		splx(s);
		LIST_INSERT_HEAD(&pp->pr_hashtab[PR_HASH_INDEX(pp, cp)],
				 ph, ph_hashlist);
	}

	/*
	 * Insert page header.
	 */
	TAILQ_INSERT_HEAD(&pp->pr_pagelist, ph, ph_pagelist);
	TAILQ_INIT(&ph->ph_itemlist);
	ph->ph_page = storage;
	ph->ph_nmissing = 0;
	memset(&ph->ph_time, 0, sizeof(ph->ph_time));

	pp->pr_nidle++;

	/*
	 * Color this page.
	 */
	cp = (caddr_t)(cp + pp->pr_curcolor);
	if ((pp->pr_curcolor += align) > pp->pr_maxcolor)
		pp->pr_curcolor = 0;

	/*
	 * Adjust storage to apply aligment to `pr_itemoffset' in each item.
	 */
	if (ioff != 0)
		cp = (caddr_t)(cp + (align - ioff));

	/*
	 * Insert remaining chunks on the bucket list.
	 */
	n = pp->pr_itemsperpage;
	pp->pr_nitems += n;

	while (n--) {
		pi = (struct pool_item *)cp;

		/* Insert on page list */
		TAILQ_INSERT_TAIL(&ph->ph_itemlist, pi, pi_list);
#ifdef DIAGNOSTIC
		pi->pi_magic = PI_MAGIC;
#endif
		cp = (caddr_t)(cp + pp->pr_size);
	}

	/*
	 * If the pool was depleted, point at the new page.
	 */
	if (pp->pr_curpage == NULL)
		pp->pr_curpage = ph;

	if (++pp->pr_npages > pp->pr_hiwat)
		pp->pr_hiwat = pp->pr_npages;
}

/*
 * Like pool_prime(), except this is used by pool_get() when nitems
 * drops below the low water mark.  This is used to catch up nitmes
 * with the low water mark.
 *
 * Note 1, we never wait for memory here, we let the caller decide what to do.
 *
 * Note 2, this doesn't work with static pools.
 *
 * Note 3, we must be called with the pool already locked, and we return
 * with it locked.
 */
static int
pool_catchup(pp)
	struct pool *pp;
{
	caddr_t cp;
	int error = 0;

	if (pp->pr_roflags & PR_STATIC) {
		/*
		 * We dropped below the low water mark, and this is not a
		 * good thing.  Log a warning.
		 *
		 * XXX: rate-limit this?
		 */
		printf("WARNING: static pool `%s' dropped below low water "
		    "mark\n", pp->pr_wchan);
		return (0);
	}

	while (pp->pr_nitems < pp->pr_minitems) {
		/*
		 * Call the page back-end allocator for more memory.
		 *
		 * XXX: We never wait, so should we bother unlocking
		 * the pool descriptor?
		 */
		simple_unlock(&pp->pr_slock);
		cp = (*pp->pr_alloc)(pp->pr_pagesz, 0, pp->pr_mtype);
		simple_lock(&pp->pr_slock);
		if (__predict_false(cp == NULL)) {
			error = ENOMEM;
			break;
		}
		pp->pr_npagealloc++;
		pool_prime_page(pp, cp);
	}

	return (error);
}

void
pool_setlowat(pp, n)
	pool_handle_t	pp;
	int n;
{
	int error;

	simple_lock(&pp->pr_slock);

	pp->pr_minitems = n;
	pp->pr_minpages = (n == 0)
		? 0
		: roundup(n, pp->pr_itemsperpage) / pp->pr_itemsperpage;

	/* Make sure we're caught up with the newly-set low water mark. */
	if ((error = pool_catchup(pp)) != 0) {
		/*
		 * XXX: Should we log a warning?  Should we set up a timeout
		 * to try again in a second or so?  The latter could break
		 * a caller's assumptions about interrupt protection, etc.
		 */
	}

	simple_unlock(&pp->pr_slock);
}

void
pool_sethiwat(pp, n)
	pool_handle_t	pp;
	int n;
{

	simple_lock(&pp->pr_slock);

	pp->pr_maxpages = (n == 0)
		? 0
		: roundup(n, pp->pr_itemsperpage) / pp->pr_itemsperpage;

	simple_unlock(&pp->pr_slock);
}

void
pool_sethardlimit(pp, n, warnmess, ratecap)
	pool_handle_t pp;
	int n;
	const char *warnmess;
	int ratecap;
{

	simple_lock(&pp->pr_slock);

	pp->pr_hardlimit = n;
	pp->pr_hardlimit_warning = warnmess;
	pp->pr_hardlimit_ratecap.tv_sec = ratecap;
	pp->pr_hardlimit_warning_last.tv_sec = 0;
	pp->pr_hardlimit_warning_last.tv_usec = 0;

	/*
	 * In-line version of pool_sethiwat(), because we don't want to
	 * release the lock.
	 */
	pp->pr_maxpages = (n == 0)
		? 0
		: roundup(n, pp->pr_itemsperpage) / pp->pr_itemsperpage;

	simple_unlock(&pp->pr_slock);
}

/*
 * Default page allocator.
 */
static void *
pool_page_alloc(sz, flags, mtype)
	unsigned long sz;
	int flags;
	int mtype;
{
	boolean_t waitok = (flags & PR_WAITOK) ? TRUE : FALSE;

	return ((void *)uvm_km_alloc_poolpage(waitok));
}

static void
pool_page_free(v, sz, mtype)
	void *v;
	unsigned long sz;
	int mtype;
{

	uvm_km_free_poolpage((vaddr_t)v);
}

/*
 * Alternate pool page allocator for pools that know they will
 * never be accessed in interrupt context.
 */
void *
pool_page_alloc_nointr(sz, flags, mtype)
	unsigned long sz;
	int flags;
	int mtype;
{
	boolean_t waitok = (flags & PR_WAITOK) ? TRUE : FALSE;

	return ((void *)uvm_km_alloc_poolpage1(kernel_map, uvm.kernel_object,
	    waitok));
}

void
pool_page_free_nointr(v, sz, mtype)
	void *v;
	unsigned long sz;
	int mtype;
{

	uvm_km_free_poolpage1(kernel_map, (vaddr_t)v);
}


/*
 * Release all complete pages that have not been used recently.
 */
void
_pool_reclaim(pp, file, line)
	pool_handle_t pp;
	const char *file;
	long line;
{
	struct pool_item_header *ph, *phnext;
	struct timeval curtime;
	int s;

	if (pp->pr_roflags & PR_STATIC)
		return;

	if (simple_lock_try(&pp->pr_slock) == 0)
		return;
	pr_enter(pp, file, line);

	s = splclock();
	curtime = mono_time;
	splx(s);

	for (ph = TAILQ_FIRST(&pp->pr_pagelist); ph != NULL; ph = phnext) {
		phnext = TAILQ_NEXT(ph, ph_pagelist);

		/* Check our minimum page claim */
		if (pp->pr_npages <= pp->pr_minpages)
			break;

		if (ph->ph_nmissing == 0) {
			struct timeval diff;
			timersub(&curtime, &ph->ph_time, &diff);
			if (diff.tv_sec < pool_inactive_time)
				continue;

			/*
			 * If freeing this page would put us below
			 * the low water mark, stop now.
			 */
			if ((pp->pr_nitems - pp->pr_itemsperpage) <
			    pp->pr_minitems)
				break;

			pr_rmpage(pp, ph);
		}
	}

	pr_leave(pp);
	simple_unlock(&pp->pr_slock);
}


/*
 * Drain pools, one at a time.
 *
 * Note, we must never be called from an interrupt context.
 */
void
pool_drain(arg)
	void *arg;
{
	struct pool *pp;
	int s;

	s = splimp();
	simple_lock(&pool_head_slock);

	if (drainpp == NULL && (drainpp = TAILQ_FIRST(&pool_head)) == NULL)
		goto out;

	pp = drainpp;
	drainpp = TAILQ_NEXT(pp, pr_poollist);

	pool_reclaim(pp);

 out:
	simple_unlock(&pool_head_slock);
	splx(s);
}


/*
 * Diagnostic helpers.
 */
void
pool_print(pp, modif)
	struct pool *pp;
	const char *modif;
{
	int s;

	s = splimp();
	if (simple_lock_try(&pp->pr_slock) == 0) {
		printf("pool %s is locked; try again later\n",
		    pp->pr_wchan);
		splx(s);
		return;
	}
	pool_print1(pp, modif, printf);
	simple_unlock(&pp->pr_slock);
	splx(s);
}

void
pool_printit(pp, modif, pr)
	struct pool *pp;
	const char *modif;
	void (*pr) __P((const char *, ...));
{
	int didlock = 0;

	if (pp == NULL) {
		(*pr)("Must specify a pool to print.\n");
		return;
	}

	/*
	 * Called from DDB; interrupts should be blocked, and all
	 * other processors should be paused.  We can skip locking
	 * the pool in this case.
	 *
	 * We do a simple_lock_try() just to print the lock
	 * status, however.
	 */

	if (simple_lock_try(&pp->pr_slock) == 0)
		(*pr)("WARNING: pool %s is locked\n", pp->pr_wchan);
	else
		didlock = 1;

	pool_print1(pp, modif, pr);

	if (didlock)
		simple_unlock(&pp->pr_slock);
}

static void
pool_print1(pp, modif, pr)
	struct pool *pp;
	const char *modif;
	void (*pr) __P((const char *, ...));
{
	struct pool_item_header *ph;
#ifdef DIAGNOSTIC
	struct pool_item *pi;
#endif
	int print_log = 0, print_pagelist = 0;
	char c;

	while ((c = *modif++) != '\0') {
		if (c == 'l')
			print_log = 1;
		if (c == 'p')
			print_pagelist = 1;
		modif++;
	}

	(*pr)("POOL %s: size %u, align %u, ioff %u, roflags 0x%08x\n",
	    pp->pr_wchan, pp->pr_size, pp->pr_align, pp->pr_itemoffset,
	    pp->pr_roflags);
	(*pr)("\tpagesz %u, mtype %d\n", pp->pr_pagesz, pp->pr_mtype);
	(*pr)("\talloc %p, release %p\n", pp->pr_alloc, pp->pr_free);
	(*pr)("\tminitems %u, minpages %u, maxpages %u, npages %u\n",
	    pp->pr_minitems, pp->pr_minpages, pp->pr_maxpages, pp->pr_npages);
	(*pr)("\titemsperpage %u, nitems %u, nout %u, hardlimit %u\n",
	    pp->pr_itemsperpage, pp->pr_nitems, pp->pr_nout, pp->pr_hardlimit);

	(*pr)("\n\tnget %lu, nfail %lu, nput %lu\n",
	    pp->pr_nget, pp->pr_nfail, pp->pr_nput);
	(*pr)("\tnpagealloc %lu, npagefree %lu, hiwat %u, nidle %lu\n",
	    pp->pr_npagealloc, pp->pr_npagefree, pp->pr_hiwat, pp->pr_nidle);

	if (print_pagelist == 0)
		goto skip_pagelist;

	if ((ph = TAILQ_FIRST(&pp->pr_pagelist)) != NULL)
		(*pr)("\n\tpage list:\n");
	for (; ph != NULL; ph = TAILQ_NEXT(ph, ph_pagelist)) {
		(*pr)("\t\tpage %p, nmissing %d, time %lu,%lu\n",
		    ph->ph_page, ph->ph_nmissing,
		    (u_long)ph->ph_time.tv_sec,
		    (u_long)ph->ph_time.tv_usec);
#ifdef DIAGNOSTIC
		for (pi = TAILQ_FIRST(&ph->ph_itemlist); pi != NULL;
		     pi = TAILQ_NEXT(pi, pi_list)) {
			if (pi->pi_magic != PI_MAGIC) {
				(*pr)("\t\t\titem %p, magic 0x%x\n",
				    pi, pi->pi_magic);
			}
		}
#endif
	}
	if (pp->pr_curpage == NULL)
		(*pr)("\tno current page\n");
	else
		(*pr)("\tcurpage %p\n", pp->pr_curpage->ph_page);

 skip_pagelist:

	if (print_log == 0)
		goto skip_log;

	(*pr)("\n");
	if ((pp->pr_roflags & PR_LOGGING) == 0)
		(*pr)("\tno log\n");
	else
		pr_printlog(pp, NULL, pr);

 skip_log:

	pr_enter_check(pp, pr);
}

int
pool_chk(pp, label)
	struct pool *pp;
	char *label;
{
	struct pool_item_header *ph;
	int r = 0;

	simple_lock(&pp->pr_slock);

	for (ph = TAILQ_FIRST(&pp->pr_pagelist); ph != NULL;
	     ph = TAILQ_NEXT(ph, ph_pagelist)) {

		struct pool_item *pi;
		int n;
		caddr_t page;

		page = (caddr_t)((u_long)ph & pp->pr_pagemask);
		if (page != ph->ph_page &&
		    (pp->pr_roflags & PR_PHINPAGE) != 0) {
			if (label != NULL)
				printf("%s: ", label);
			printf("pool(%p:%s): page inconsistency: page %p;"
			       " at page head addr %p (p %p)\n", pp,
				pp->pr_wchan, ph->ph_page,
				ph, page);
			r++;
			goto out;
		}

		for (pi = TAILQ_FIRST(&ph->ph_itemlist), n = 0;
		     pi != NULL;
		     pi = TAILQ_NEXT(pi,pi_list), n++) {

#ifdef DIAGNOSTIC
			if (pi->pi_magic != PI_MAGIC) {
				if (label != NULL)
					printf("%s: ", label);
				printf("pool(%s): free list modified: magic=%x;"
				       " page %p; item ordinal %d;"
				       " addr %p (p %p)\n",
					pp->pr_wchan, pi->pi_magic, ph->ph_page,
					n, pi, page);
				panic("pool");
			}
#endif
			page = (caddr_t)((u_long)pi & pp->pr_pagemask);
			if (page == ph->ph_page)
				continue;

			if (label != NULL)
				printf("%s: ", label);
			printf("pool(%p:%s): page inconsistency: page %p;"
			       " item ordinal %d; addr %p (p %p)\n", pp,
				pp->pr_wchan, ph->ph_page,
				n, pi, page);
			r++;
			goto out;
		}
	}
out:
	simple_unlock(&pp->pr_slock);
	return (r);
}