xref: /src/sys/net/npf/npf_ruleset.c

/*-
 * Copyright (c) 2020 Mindaugas Rasiukevicius <rmind at noxt eu>
 * Copyright (c) 2009-2025 The NetBSD Foundation, Inc.
 * All rights reserved.
 *
 * This material is based upon work partially supported by The
 * NetBSD Foundation under a contract with Mindaugas Rasiukevicius.
 *
 * Redistribution and use in source and binary forms, with or without
 * modification, are permitted provided that the following conditions
 * are met:
 * 1. Redistributions of source code must retain the above copyright
 *    notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer.
 * 2. Redistributions in binary form must reproduce the above copyright
 *    notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer in the
 *    documentation and/or other materials provided with the distribution.
 *
 * THIS SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED BY THE NETBSD FOUNDATION, INC. AND CONTRIBUTORS
 * ``AS IS'' AND ANY EXPRESS OR IMPLIED WARRANTIES, INCLUDING, BUT NOT LIMITED
 * TO, THE IMPLIED WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY AND FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR
 * PURPOSE ARE DISCLAIMED.  IN NO EVENT SHALL THE FOUNDATION OR CONTRIBUTORS
 * BE LIABLE FOR ANY DIRECT, INDIRECT, INCIDENTAL, SPECIAL, EXEMPLARY, OR
 * CONSEQUENTIAL DAMAGES (INCLUDING, BUT NOT LIMITED TO, PROCUREMENT OF
 * SUBSTITUTE GOODS OR SERVICES; LOSS OF USE, DATA, OR PROFITS; OR BUSINESS
 * INTERRUPTION) HOWEVER CAUSED AND ON ANY THEORY OF LIABILITY, WHETHER IN
 * CONTRACT, STRICT LIABILITY, OR TORT (INCLUDING NEGLIGENCE OR OTHERWISE)
 * ARISING IN ANY WAY OUT OF THE USE OF THIS SOFTWARE, EVEN IF ADVISED OF THE
 * POSSIBILITY OF SUCH DAMAGE.
 */

/*
 * NPF ruleset module.
 */

#ifdef _KERNEL
#include <sys/cdefs.h>
__KERNEL_RCSID(0, "$NetBSD: npf_ruleset.c,v 1.52.6.1 2025/08/02 05:57:48 perseant Exp $");

#include <sys/param.h>
#include <sys/types.h>

#include <sys/atomic.h>
#include <sys/kmem.h>
#include <sys/queue.h>
#include <sys/mbuf.h>
#include <sys/types.h>
#include <sys/kauth.h>

#include <net/bpf.h>
#include <net/bpfjit.h>
#include <net/pfil.h>
#include <net/if.h>
#endif

#include "npf_impl.h"

struct npf_ruleset {
	/*
	 * - List of all rules.
	 * - Dynamic (i.e. named) rules.
	 * - G/C list for convenience.
	 */
	LIST_HEAD(, npf_rule)	rs_all;
	LIST_HEAD(, npf_rule)	rs_dynamic;
	LIST_HEAD(, npf_rule)	rs_gc;

	/* Unique ID counter. */
	uint64_t		rs_idcnt;

	/* Number of array slots and active rules. */
	unsigned		rs_slots;
	unsigned		rs_nitems;

	/* Array of ordered rules. */
	npf_rule_t *		rs_rules[];
};

struct npf_rule {
	/* Attributes, interface and skip slot. */
	uint32_t		r_attr;
	unsigned		r_ifid;
	unsigned		r_skip_to;

	/* Code to process, if any. */
	int			r_type;
	bpfjit_func_t		r_jcode;
	void *			r_code;
	unsigned		r_clen;

	/* NAT policy (optional), rule procedure and subset. */
	npf_natpolicy_t *	r_natp;
	npf_rproc_t *		r_rproc;

	union {
		/*
		 * Dynamic group: rule subset and a group list entry.
		 */
		struct {
			npf_rule_t *		r_subset;
			LIST_ENTRY(npf_rule)	r_dentry;
		};

		/*
		 * Dynamic rule: priority, parent group and next rule.
		 */
		struct {
			int			r_priority;
			npf_rule_t *		r_parent;
			npf_rule_t *		r_next;
		};
	};

	/* Rule ID, name and the optional key. */
	uint64_t		r_id;
	char			r_name[NPF_RULE_MAXNAMELEN];
	uint8_t			r_key[NPF_RULE_MAXKEYLEN];

	/* All-list entry and the auxiliary info. */
	LIST_ENTRY(npf_rule)	r_aentry;
	nvlist_t *		r_info;
	size_t			r_info_len;

	rid_t uid;
	rid_t gid;
};

#define	SKIPTO_ADJ_FLAG		(1U << 31)
#define	SKIPTO_MASK		(SKIPTO_ADJ_FLAG - 1)

static nvlist_t *	npf_rule_export(npf_t *, const npf_rule_t *);

/*
 * Private attributes - must be in the NPF_RULE_PRIVMASK range.
 */
#define	NPF_RULE_KEEPNAT	(0x01000000 & NPF_RULE_PRIVMASK)

#define	NPF_DYNAMIC_GROUP_P(attr) \
    (((attr) & NPF_DYNAMIC_GROUP) == NPF_DYNAMIC_GROUP)

#define	NPF_DYNAMIC_RULE_P(attr) \
    (((attr) & NPF_DYNAMIC_GROUP) == NPF_RULE_DYNAMIC)

npf_ruleset_t *
npf_ruleset_create(size_t slots)
{
	size_t len = offsetof(npf_ruleset_t, rs_rules[slots]);
	npf_ruleset_t *rlset;

	rlset = kmem_zalloc(len, KM_SLEEP);
	LIST_INIT(&rlset->rs_dynamic);
	LIST_INIT(&rlset->rs_all);
	LIST_INIT(&rlset->rs_gc);
	rlset->rs_slots = slots;

	return rlset;
}

void
npf_ruleset_destroy(npf_ruleset_t *rlset)
{
	size_t len = offsetof(npf_ruleset_t, rs_rules[rlset->rs_slots]);
	npf_rule_t *rl;

	while ((rl = LIST_FIRST(&rlset->rs_all)) != NULL) {
		if (NPF_DYNAMIC_GROUP_P(rl->r_attr)) {
			/*
			 * Note: r_subset may point to the rules which
			 * were inherited by a new ruleset.
			 */
			rl->r_subset = NULL;
			LIST_REMOVE(rl, r_dentry);
		}
		if (NPF_DYNAMIC_RULE_P(rl->r_attr)) {
			/* Not removing from r_subset, see above. */
			KASSERT(rl->r_parent != NULL);
		}
		LIST_REMOVE(rl, r_aentry);
		npf_rule_free(rl);
	}
	KASSERT(LIST_EMPTY(&rlset->rs_dynamic));

	npf_ruleset_gc(rlset);
	KASSERT(LIST_EMPTY(&rlset->rs_gc));
	kmem_free(rlset, len);
}

/*
 * npf_ruleset_insert: insert the rule into the specified ruleset.
 */
void
npf_ruleset_insert(npf_ruleset_t *rlset, npf_rule_t *rl)
{
	unsigned n = rlset->rs_nitems;

	KASSERT(n < rlset->rs_slots);

	LIST_INSERT_HEAD(&rlset->rs_all, rl, r_aentry);
	if (NPF_DYNAMIC_GROUP_P(rl->r_attr)) {
		LIST_INSERT_HEAD(&rlset->rs_dynamic, rl, r_dentry);
	} else {
		KASSERTMSG(rl->r_parent == NULL, "cannot be dynamic rule");
		rl->r_attr &= ~NPF_RULE_DYNAMIC;
	}

	rlset->rs_rules[n] = rl;
	rlset->rs_nitems++;
	rl->r_id = ++rlset->rs_idcnt;

	if (rl->r_skip_to < ++n) {
		rl->r_skip_to = SKIPTO_ADJ_FLAG | n;
	}
}

npf_rule_t *
npf_ruleset_lookup(npf_ruleset_t *rlset, const char *name)
{
	npf_rule_t *rl;

	LIST_FOREACH(rl, &rlset->rs_dynamic, r_dentry) {
		KASSERT(NPF_DYNAMIC_GROUP_P(rl->r_attr));
		if (strncmp(rl->r_name, name, NPF_RULE_MAXNAMELEN) == 0)
			break;
	}
	return rl;
}

/*
 * npf_ruleset_add: insert dynamic rule into the (active) ruleset.
 */
int
npf_ruleset_add(npf_ruleset_t *rlset, const char *rname, npf_rule_t *rl)
{
	npf_rule_t *rg, *it, *target;
	int priocmd;

	if (!NPF_DYNAMIC_RULE_P(rl->r_attr)) {
		return EINVAL;
	}
	rg = npf_ruleset_lookup(rlset, rname);
	if (rg == NULL) {
		return ESRCH;
	}

	/* Dynamic rule - assign a unique ID and save the parent. */
	rl->r_id = ++rlset->rs_idcnt;
	rl->r_parent = rg;

	/*
	 * Rule priority: (highest) 1, 2 ... n (lowest).
	 * Negative priority indicates an operation and is reset to zero.
	 */
	if ((priocmd = rl->r_priority) < 0) {
		rl->r_priority = 0;
	}

	/*
	 * WARNING: once rg->subset or target->r_next of an *active*
	 * rule is set, then our rule becomes globally visible and active.
	 * Must issue a load fence to ensure rl->r_next visibility first.
	 */
	switch (priocmd) {
	case NPF_PRI_LAST:
	default:
		target = NULL;
		it = rg->r_subset;
		while (it && it->r_priority <= rl->r_priority) {
			target = it;
			it = it->r_next;
		}
		if (target) {
			atomic_store_relaxed(&rl->r_next, target->r_next);
			membar_producer();
			atomic_store_relaxed(&target->r_next, rl);
			break;
		}
		/* FALLTHROUGH */

	case NPF_PRI_FIRST:
		atomic_store_relaxed(&rl->r_next, rg->r_subset);
		membar_producer();
		atomic_store_relaxed(&rg->r_subset, rl);
		break;
	}

	/* Finally, add into the all-list. */
	LIST_INSERT_HEAD(&rlset->rs_all, rl, r_aentry);
	return 0;
}

static void
npf_ruleset_unlink(npf_rule_t *rl, npf_rule_t *prev)
{
	KASSERT(NPF_DYNAMIC_RULE_P(rl->r_attr));
	if (prev) {
		prev->r_next = rl->r_next;
	} else {
		npf_rule_t *rg = rl->r_parent;
		rg->r_subset = rl->r_next;
	}
	LIST_REMOVE(rl, r_aentry);
}

/*
 * npf_ruleset_remove: remove the dynamic rule given the rule ID.
 */
int
npf_ruleset_remove(npf_ruleset_t *rlset, const char *rname, uint64_t id)
{
	npf_rule_t *rg, *prev = NULL;

	if ((rg = npf_ruleset_lookup(rlset, rname)) == NULL) {
		return ESRCH;
	}
	for (npf_rule_t *rl = rg->r_subset; rl; rl = rl->r_next) {
		KASSERT(rl->r_parent == rg);
		KASSERT(NPF_DYNAMIC_RULE_P(rl->r_attr));

		/* Compare ID.  On match, remove and return. */
		if (rl->r_id == id) {
			npf_ruleset_unlink(rl, prev);
			LIST_INSERT_HEAD(&rlset->rs_gc, rl, r_aentry);
			return 0;
		}
		prev = rl;
	}
	return ENOENT;
}

/*
 * npf_ruleset_remkey: remove the dynamic rule given the rule key.
 */
int
npf_ruleset_remkey(npf_ruleset_t *rlset, const char *rname,
    const void *key, size_t len)
{
	npf_rule_t *rg, *rlast = NULL, *prev = NULL, *lastprev = NULL;

	KASSERT(len && len <= NPF_RULE_MAXKEYLEN);

	if ((rg = npf_ruleset_lookup(rlset, rname)) == NULL) {
		return ESRCH;
	}

	/* Compare the key and find the last in the list. */
	for (npf_rule_t *rl = rg->r_subset; rl; rl = rl->r_next) {
		KASSERT(rl->r_parent == rg);
		KASSERT(NPF_DYNAMIC_RULE_P(rl->r_attr));
		if (memcmp(rl->r_key, key, len) == 0) {
			lastprev = prev;
			rlast = rl;
		}
		prev = rl;
	}
	if (!rlast) {
		return ENOENT;
	}
	npf_ruleset_unlink(rlast, lastprev);
	LIST_INSERT_HEAD(&rlset->rs_gc, rlast, r_aentry);
	return 0;
}

/*
 * npf_ruleset_list: serialise and return the dynamic rules.
 */
int
npf_ruleset_list(npf_t *npf, npf_ruleset_t *rlset, const char *rname,
    nvlist_t *rlset_nvl)
{
	const npf_rule_t *rg;

	KASSERT(npf_config_locked_p(npf));

	if ((rg = npf_ruleset_lookup(rlset, rname)) == NULL) {
		return ESRCH;
	}
	for (const npf_rule_t *rl = rg->r_subset; rl; rl = rl->r_next) {
		nvlist_t *rule;

		KASSERT(rl->r_parent == rg);
		KASSERT(NPF_DYNAMIC_RULE_P(rl->r_attr));

		if ((rule = npf_rule_export(npf, rl)) == NULL) {
			return ENOMEM;
		}
		nvlist_append_nvlist_array(rlset_nvl, "rules", rule);
		nvlist_destroy(rule);
	}
	return 0;
}

/*
 * npf_ruleset_flush: flush the dynamic rules in the ruleset by inserting
 * them into the G/C list.
 */
int
npf_ruleset_flush(npf_ruleset_t *rlset, const char *rname)
{
	npf_rule_t *rg, *rl;

	if ((rg = npf_ruleset_lookup(rlset, rname)) == NULL) {
		return ESRCH;
	}

	rl = atomic_swap_ptr(&rg->r_subset, NULL);
	membar_producer();

	while (rl) {
		KASSERT(NPF_DYNAMIC_RULE_P(rl->r_attr));
		KASSERT(rl->r_parent == rg);

		LIST_REMOVE(rl, r_aentry);
		LIST_INSERT_HEAD(&rlset->rs_gc, rl, r_aentry);
		rl = rl->r_next;
	}
	rlset->rs_idcnt = 0;
	return 0;
}

/*
 * npf_ruleset_gc: destroy the rules in G/C list.
 */
void
npf_ruleset_gc(npf_ruleset_t *rlset)
{
	npf_rule_t *rl;

	while ((rl = LIST_FIRST(&rlset->rs_gc)) != NULL) {
		LIST_REMOVE(rl, r_aentry);
		npf_rule_free(rl);
	}
}

/*
 * npf_ruleset_export: serialise and return the static rules.
 */
int
npf_ruleset_export(npf_t *npf, const npf_ruleset_t *rlset,
    const char *key, nvlist_t *npf_nv)
{
	const unsigned nitems = rlset->rs_nitems;
	unsigned n = 0;
	int error = 0;

	KASSERT(npf_config_locked_p(npf));

	while (n < nitems) {
		const npf_rule_t *rl = rlset->rs_rules[n];
		const npf_natpolicy_t *natp = rl->r_natp;
		nvlist_t *rule;

		rule = npf_rule_export(npf, rl);
		if (!rule) {
			error = ENOMEM;
			break;
		}
		if (natp && (error = npf_natpolicy_export(natp, rule)) != 0) {
			nvlist_destroy(rule);
			break;
		}
		nvlist_append_nvlist_array(npf_nv, key, rule);
		nvlist_destroy(rule);
		n++;
	}
	return error;
}

/*
 * npf_ruleset_reload: prepare the new ruleset by scanning the active
 * ruleset and: 1) sharing the dynamic rules 2) sharing NAT policies.
 *
 * => The active (old) ruleset should be exclusively locked.
 */
void
npf_ruleset_reload(npf_t *npf, npf_ruleset_t *newset,
    npf_ruleset_t *oldset, bool load)
{
	npf_rule_t *rg, *rl;
	uint64_t nid = 0;

	KASSERT(npf_config_locked_p(npf));

	/*
	 * Scan the dynamic rules and share (migrate) if needed.
	 */
	LIST_FOREACH(rg, &newset->rs_dynamic, r_dentry) {
		npf_rule_t *active_rgroup;

		/* Look for a dynamic ruleset group with such name. */
		active_rgroup = npf_ruleset_lookup(oldset, rg->r_name);
		if (active_rgroup == NULL) {
			continue;
		}

		/*
		 * ATOMICITY: Copy the head pointer of the linked-list,
		 * but do not remove the rules from the active r_subset.
		 * This is necessary because the rules are still active
		 * and therefore are accessible for inspection via the
		 * old ruleset.
		 */
		rg->r_subset = active_rgroup->r_subset;

		/*
		 * We can safely migrate to the new all-rule list and
		 * reset the parent rule, though.
		 */
		for (rl = rg->r_subset; rl; rl = rl->r_next) {
			KASSERT(NPF_DYNAMIC_RULE_P(rl->r_attr));
			LIST_REMOVE(rl, r_aentry);
			LIST_INSERT_HEAD(&newset->rs_all, rl, r_aentry);

			KASSERT(rl->r_parent == active_rgroup);
			rl->r_parent = rg;
		}
	}

	/*
	 * If performing the load of connections then NAT policies might
	 * already have translated connections associated with them and
	 * we should not share or inherit anything.
	 */
	if (load)
		return;

	/*
	 * Scan all rules in the new ruleset and inherit the active NAT
	 * policies if they are the same.  Also, assign a unique ID for
	 * each policy here.
	 */
	LIST_FOREACH(rl, &newset->rs_all, r_aentry) {
		npf_natpolicy_t *np;
		npf_rule_t *actrl;

		/* Does the rule have a NAT policy associated? */
		if ((np = rl->r_natp) == NULL) {
			continue;
		}

		/* Does it match with any policy in the active ruleset? */
		LIST_FOREACH(actrl, &oldset->rs_all, r_aentry) {
			if (!actrl->r_natp)
				continue;
			if ((actrl->r_attr & NPF_RULE_KEEPNAT) != 0)
				continue;
			if (npf_natpolicy_cmp(actrl->r_natp, np))
				break;
		}
		if (!actrl) {
			/* No: just set the ID and continue. */
			npf_nat_setid(np, ++nid);
			continue;
		}

		/* Yes: inherit the matching NAT policy. */
		rl->r_natp = actrl->r_natp;
		npf_nat_setid(rl->r_natp, ++nid);

		/*
		 * Finally, mark the active rule to not destroy its NAT
		 * policy later as we inherited it (but the rule must be
		 * kept active for now).  Destroy the new/unused policy.
		 */
		actrl->r_attr |= NPF_RULE_KEEPNAT;
		npf_natpolicy_destroy(np);
	}

	/* Inherit the ID counter. */
	newset->rs_idcnt = oldset->rs_idcnt;
}

/*
 * npf_ruleset_findnat: find a NAT policy in the ruleset by a given ID.
 */
npf_natpolicy_t *
npf_ruleset_findnat(npf_ruleset_t *rlset, uint64_t id)
{
	npf_rule_t *rl;

	LIST_FOREACH(rl, &rlset->rs_all, r_aentry) {
		npf_natpolicy_t *np = rl->r_natp;
		if (np && npf_nat_getid(np) == id) {
			return np;
		}
	}
	return NULL;
}

/*
 * npf_ruleset_freealg: inspect the ruleset and disassociate specified
 * ALG from all NAT entries using it.
 */
void
npf_ruleset_freealg(npf_ruleset_t *rlset, npf_alg_t *alg)
{
	npf_rule_t *rl;
	npf_natpolicy_t *np;

	LIST_FOREACH(rl, &rlset->rs_all, r_aentry) {
		if ((np = rl->r_natp) != NULL) {
			npf_nat_freealg(np, alg);
		}
	}
}

/*
 * npf_rule_alloc: allocate a rule and initialise it.
 */
npf_rule_t *
npf_rule_alloc(npf_t *npf, const nvlist_t *rule)
{
	npf_rule_t *rl;
	const char *rname;
	const void *key, *info;
	size_t len;

	/* Allocate a rule structure and keep the information. */
	rl = kmem_zalloc(sizeof(npf_rule_t), KM_SLEEP);
	info = dnvlist_get_binary(rule, "info", &rl->r_info_len, NULL, 0);
	if (info) {
		rl->r_info = kmem_alloc(rl->r_info_len, KM_SLEEP);
		memcpy(rl->r_info, info, rl->r_info_len);
	}
	rl->r_natp = NULL;

	/* Name (optional) */
	if ((rname = dnvlist_get_string(rule, "name", NULL)) != NULL) {
		strlcpy(rl->r_name, rname, NPF_RULE_MAXNAMELEN);
	} else {
		rl->r_name[0] = '\0';
	}

	/* Attributes, priority and interface ID (optional). */
	rl->r_attr = dnvlist_get_number(rule, "attr", 0);
	rl->r_attr &= ~NPF_RULE_PRIVMASK;

	if (NPF_DYNAMIC_RULE_P(rl->r_attr)) {
		/* Priority of the dynamic rule. */
		rl->r_priority = (int)dnvlist_get_number(rule, "prio", 0);
	} else {
		/* The skip-to index.  No need to validate it. */
		rl->r_skip_to = dnvlist_get_number(rule, "skip-to", 0);
	}

	/* Interface name; register and get the npf-if-id. */
	if ((rname = dnvlist_get_string(rule, "ifname", NULL)) != NULL) {
		if ((rl->r_ifid = npf_ifmap_register(npf, rname)) == 0) {
			kmem_free(rl, sizeof(npf_rule_t));
			return NULL;
		}
	} else {
		rl->r_ifid = 0;
	}

	/* Key (optional). */
	if ((key = dnvlist_get_binary(rule, "key", &len, NULL, 0)) != NULL) {
		if (len > NPF_RULE_MAXKEYLEN) {
			kmem_free(rl, sizeof(npf_rule_t));
			return NULL;
		}
		memcpy(rl->r_key, key, len);
	}

	/* no gid/uid set yet */
	rl->gid.op = rl->uid.op = NPF_OP_NONE;
	return rl;
}

static void
npf_rid_export(nvlist_t *rl, struct r_id rid, const char *name)
{
	uint64_t uid_element[3] = { rid.id[0], rid.id[1], rid.op };
	nvlist_add_number_array(rl, name, uid_element, 3);
}

static nvlist_t *
npf_rule_export(npf_t *npf, const npf_rule_t *rl)
{
	nvlist_t *rule = nvlist_create(0);
	unsigned skip_to = 0;
	npf_rproc_t *rp;

	nvlist_add_number(rule, "attr", rl->r_attr);
	nvlist_add_number(rule, "prio", rl->r_priority);
	if ((rl->r_skip_to & SKIPTO_ADJ_FLAG) == 0) {
		skip_to = rl->r_skip_to & SKIPTO_MASK;
	}
	nvlist_add_number(rule, "skip-to", skip_to);
	nvlist_add_number(rule, "code-type", rl->r_type);
	if (rl->r_code) {
		nvlist_add_binary(rule, "code", rl->r_code, rl->r_clen);
	}
	if (rl->r_ifid) {
		char ifname[IFNAMSIZ];
		npf_ifmap_copyname(npf, rl->r_ifid, ifname, sizeof(ifname));
		nvlist_add_string(rule, "ifname", ifname);
	}
	nvlist_add_number(rule, "id", rl->r_id);

	if (rl->r_name[0]) {
		nvlist_add_string(rule, "name", rl->r_name);
	}
	if (NPF_DYNAMIC_RULE_P(rl->r_attr)) {
		nvlist_add_binary(rule, "key", rl->r_key, NPF_RULE_MAXKEYLEN);
	}
	if (rl->r_info) {
		nvlist_add_binary(rule, "info", rl->r_info, rl->r_info_len);
	}
	if (rl->uid.op != NPF_OP_NONE) {
		npf_rid_export(rule, rl->uid, "r_user");
	}
	if (rl->gid.op != NPF_OP_NONE) {
		npf_rid_export(rule, rl->gid, "r_group");
	}
	if ((rp = npf_rule_getrproc(rl)) != NULL) {
		const char *rname = npf_rproc_getname(rp);
		nvlist_add_string(rule, "rproc", rname);
		npf_rproc_release(rp);
	}
	return rule;
}

/*
 * npf_rule_setcode: assign filter code to the rule.
 *
 * => The code must be validated by the caller.
 * => JIT compilation may be performed here.
 */
void
npf_rule_setcode(npf_rule_t *rl, const int type, void *code, size_t size)
{
	KASSERT(type == NPF_CODE_BPF);

	rl->r_type = type;
	rl->r_code = code;
	rl->r_clen = size;
	rl->r_jcode = npf_bpf_compile(code, size);
}

void
npf_rule_setrid(const nvlist_t *req, npf_rule_t *rl, const char *name)
{
	size_t nitems;
	rid_t id;
	const uint64_t *rid = nvlist_get_number_array(req, name, &nitems);
	KASSERT(nitems == 3);

	id.id[0] = (uint32_t)rid[0];
	id.id[1] = (uint32_t)rid[1];
	id.op = (uint8_t)rid[2];

	if (!strcmp(name, "r_user"))
		rl->uid = id;
	else if (!strcmp(name, "r_group"))
		rl->gid = id;
}

/*
 * npf_rule_setrproc: assign a rule procedure and hold a reference on it.
 */
void
npf_rule_setrproc(npf_rule_t *rl, npf_rproc_t *rp)
{
	npf_rproc_acquire(rp);
	rl->r_rproc = rp;
}

/*
 * npf_rule_free: free the specified rule.
 */
void
npf_rule_free(npf_rule_t *rl)
{
	npf_natpolicy_t *np = rl->r_natp;
	npf_rproc_t *rp = rl->r_rproc;

	if (np && (rl->r_attr & NPF_RULE_KEEPNAT) == 0) {
		/* Destroy the NAT policy. */
		npf_natpolicy_destroy(np);
	}
	if (rp) {
		/* Release rule procedure. */
		npf_rproc_release(rp);
	}
	if (rl->r_code) {
		/* Free byte-code. */
		kmem_free(rl->r_code, rl->r_clen);
	}
	if (rl->r_jcode) {
		/* Free JIT code. */
		bpf_jit_freecode(rl->r_jcode);
	}
	if (rl->r_info) {
		kmem_free(rl->r_info, rl->r_info_len);
	}
	kmem_free(rl, sizeof(npf_rule_t));
}

/*
 * npf_rule_getid: return the unique ID of a rule.
 * npf_rule_getrproc: acquire a reference and return rule procedure, if any.
 * npf_rule_getnat: get NAT policy assigned to the rule.
 */

uint64_t
npf_rule_getid(const npf_rule_t *rl)
{
	KASSERT(NPF_DYNAMIC_RULE_P(rl->r_attr));
	return rl->r_id;
}

npf_rproc_t *
npf_rule_getrproc(const npf_rule_t *rl)
{
	npf_rproc_t *rp = rl->r_rproc;

	if (rp) {
		npf_rproc_acquire(rp);
	}
	return rp;
}

npf_natpolicy_t *
npf_rule_getnat(const npf_rule_t *rl)
{
	return rl->r_natp;
}

/*
 * npf_rule_setnat: assign NAT policy to the rule and insert into the
 * NAT policy list in the ruleset.
 */
void
npf_rule_setnat(npf_rule_t *rl, npf_natpolicy_t *np)
{
	KASSERT(rl->r_natp == NULL);
	rl->r_natp = np;
}

/*
 * npf_rule_inspect: match the interface, direction and run the filter code.
 * Returns true if rule matches and false otherwise.
 */
static inline bool
npf_rule_inspect(const npf_rule_t *rl, bpf_args_t *bc_args,
    const int di_mask, const unsigned ifid)
{
	/* Match the interface. */
	if (rl->r_ifid && rl->r_ifid != ifid) {
		return false;
	}

	/* Match the direction. */
	if ((rl->r_attr & NPF_RULE_DIMASK) != NPF_RULE_DIMASK) {
		if ((rl->r_attr & di_mask) == 0)
			return false;
	}

	/* Any code? */
	if (!rl->r_code) {
		KASSERT(rl->r_jcode == NULL);
		return true;
	}
	KASSERT(rl->r_type == NPF_CODE_BPF);
	return npf_bpf_filter(bc_args, rl->r_code, rl->r_jcode) != 0;
}

/*
 * npf_rule_reinspect: re-inspect the dynamic rule by iterating its list.
 * This is only for the dynamic rules.  Subrules cannot have nested rules.
 */
static inline npf_rule_t *
npf_rule_reinspect(const npf_rule_t *rg, bpf_args_t *bc_args,
    const int di_mask, const unsigned ifid)
{
	npf_rule_t *final_rl = NULL, *rl;

	KASSERT(NPF_DYNAMIC_GROUP_P(rg->r_attr));

	rl = atomic_load_relaxed(&rg->r_subset);
	for (; rl; rl = atomic_load_relaxed(&rl->r_next)) {
		KASSERT(!final_rl || rl->r_priority >= final_rl->r_priority);
		if (!npf_rule_inspect(rl, bc_args, di_mask, ifid)) {
			continue;
		}
		if (rl->r_attr & NPF_RULE_FINAL) {
			return rl;
		}
		final_rl = rl;
	}
	return final_rl;
}

/*
 * npf_ruleset_inspect: inspect the packet against the given ruleset.
 *
 * Loop through the rules in the set and run the byte-code of each rule
 * against the packet (nbuf chain).  If sub-ruleset is found, inspect it.
 */
npf_rule_t *
npf_ruleset_inspect(npf_cache_t *npc, const npf_ruleset_t *rlset,
    const int di, const int layer)
{
	nbuf_t *nbuf = npc->npc_nbuf;
	const int di_mask = (di & PFIL_IN) ? NPF_RULE_IN : NPF_RULE_OUT;
	const unsigned nitems = rlset->rs_nitems;
	const unsigned ifid = nbuf->nb_ifid;
	npf_rule_t *final_rl = NULL;
	bpf_args_t bc_args;
	unsigned n = 0;

	KASSERT(((di & PFIL_IN) != 0) ^ ((di & PFIL_OUT) != 0));

	/*
	 * Prepare the external memory store and the arguments for
	 * the BPF programs to be executed.  Reset mbuf before taking
	 * any pointers for the BPF.
	 */
	uint32_t bc_words[NPF_BPF_NWORDS];

	nbuf_reset(nbuf);
	npf_bpf_prepare(npc, &bc_args, bc_words);

	while (n < nitems) {
		npf_rule_t *rl = rlset->rs_rules[n];
		const unsigned skip_to = rl->r_skip_to & SKIPTO_MASK;
		const uint32_t attr = rl->r_attr;

		if ((attr & layer) == 0) {
			n = skip_to;
			continue;
		}

		KASSERT(!nbuf_flag_p(nbuf, NBUF_DATAREF_RESET));
		KASSERT(n < skip_to);

		/* Group is a barrier: return a matching if found any. */
		if ((attr & NPF_DYNAMIC_GROUP) == NPF_RULE_GROUP && final_rl) {
			break;
		}

		/* Main inspection of the rule. */
		if (!npf_rule_inspect(rl, &bc_args, di_mask, ifid)) {
			n = skip_to;
			continue;
		}

		if (NPF_DYNAMIC_GROUP_P(attr)) {
			/*
			 * If this is a dynamic rule, re-inspect the subrules.
			 * If it has any matching rule, then it is final.
			 */
			rl = npf_rule_reinspect(rl, &bc_args, di_mask, ifid);
			if (rl != NULL) {
				final_rl = rl;
				break;
			}
		} else if ((attr & NPF_RULE_GROUP) == 0) {
			/*
			 * Groups themselves are not matching.
			 */
			final_rl = rl;
		}

		/* Set the matching rule and check for "final". */
		if (attr & NPF_RULE_FINAL) {
			break;
		}
		n++;
	}

	KASSERT(!nbuf_flag_p(nbuf, NBUF_DATAREF_RESET));
	return final_rl;
}

/*
 * just exchange the flag attributes for pass/block for the diff protocols.
 * for passing, we set the STATEFULNESS for TCP connection establishment
 * if ret == 0, it is for a pass to be changed to block
 * non-zero ret indicates a block to pass
 * when we change to block, we assume the default RST rerturn for TCP
 * when we change to pass, we ensure no bit field for RST for tcp and ICMP for udp
 * finally change the ret condition too
 */
int
npf_rule_reverse(npf_cache_t *npc, npf_match_info_t *mi, int ret)
{
	KASSERT(npf_iscached(npc, NPC_LAYER4));
	switch(npc->npc_proto) {
		case IPPROTO_TCP:
			if (ret == 0) /* switch pass to block */ {
				mi->mi_retfl &= !(NPF_RULE_PASS | NPF_RULE_STATEFUL |
					NPF_RULE_GSTATEFUL);
				mi->mi_retfl |= NPF_RULE_RETRST;
			}
			else /* block to pass */ {
				mi->mi_retfl &= !(NPF_RULE_RETRST);
				mi->mi_retfl |= (NPF_RULE_PASS | NPF_RULE_STATEFUL |
					NPF_RULE_GSTATEFUL);
			}
			break;
		case IPPROTO_UDP:
			if (ret == 0) /* pass to block */ {
				mi->mi_retfl &= !(NPF_RULE_PASS);
				mi->mi_retfl |= NPF_RULE_RETICMP;
			}
			else /* block to pass */ {
				mi->mi_retfl &= !(NPF_RULE_RETICMP);
				mi->mi_retfl |= NPF_RULE_PASS;
			}
			break;
	}

	return (ret == 0) ? ENETUNREACH : 0;
}

/* only perform uid/gid checks when set */
int
npf_rule_match_rid(npf_rule_t *rl, npf_cache_t *npc, int dir)
{
	uint32_t sock_gid, sock_uid;
	bool uid_matched = false, gid_matched = false;

	if (rl->gid.op == NPF_OP_NONE && rl->uid.op == NPF_OP_NONE)
		return -1; /* quickly return if packet has nothing to do with rids */

	KASSERT(npf_iscached(npc, NPC_IP46));
	KASSERT(npf_iscached(npc, NPC_LAYER4));

	if (rl->gid.op != NPF_OP_NONE) {
		if (npf_socket_lookup_rid(npc, kauth_cred_getegid, &sock_gid, dir) == -1)
			return ENOTCONN;

		gid_matched |= npf_match_rid(&rl->gid, sock_gid);
	}
	if (rl->uid.op != NPF_OP_NONE) {
		if (npf_socket_lookup_rid(npc, kauth_cred_geteuid, &sock_uid, dir) == -1)
			return ENOTCONN;

		uid_matched |= npf_match_rid(&rl->uid, sock_uid);
	}

	/* if both uid and gid are set on rule, both must be matching to agree */
	if (rl->gid.op && rl->uid.op)
		return gid_matched && uid_matched;
	else
		return gid_matched || uid_matched;
}

/*
 * npf_rule_conclude: return decision and the flags for conclusion.
 *
 * => Returns ENETUNREACH if "block" and 0 if "pass".
 */
int
npf_rule_conclude(const npf_rule_t *rl, npf_match_info_t *mi)
{
	/* If not passing - drop the packet. */
	mi->mi_retfl = rl->r_attr;
	mi->mi_rid = rl->r_id;
	return (rl->r_attr & NPF_RULE_PASS) ? 0 : ENETUNREACH;
}


#if defined(DDB) || defined(_NPF_TESTING)

void
npf_ruleset_dump(npf_t *npf, const char *name)
{
	npf_ruleset_t *rlset = npf_config_ruleset(npf);
	npf_rule_t *rg, *rl;

	LIST_FOREACH(rg, &rlset->rs_dynamic, r_dentry) {
		printf("ruleset '%s':\n", rg->r_name);
		for (rl = rg->r_subset; rl; rl = rl->r_next) {
			printf("\tid %"PRIu64", key: ", rl->r_id);
			for (unsigned i = 0; i < NPF_RULE_MAXKEYLEN; i++)
				printf("%x", rl->r_key[i]);
			printf("\n");
		}
	}
}

#endif