ppp-deflate.c revision 1.17.6.1 1 /* $NetBSD: ppp-deflate.c,v 1.17.6.1 2008/12/13 01:15:26 haad Exp $ */
2 /* Id: ppp-deflate.c,v 1.5 1997/03/04 03:33:28 paulus Exp */
3
4 /*
5 * ppp_deflate.c - interface the zlib procedures for Deflate compression
6 * and decompression (as used by gzip) to the PPP code.
7 * This version is for use with mbufs on BSD-derived systems.
8 *
9 * Copyright (c) 1989-2002 Paul Mackerras. All rights reserved.
10 *
11 * Redistribution and use in source and binary forms, with or without
12 * modification, are permitted provided that the following conditions
13 * are met:
14 *
15 * 1. Redistributions of source code must retain the above copyright
16 * notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer.
17 *
18 * 2. Redistributions in binary form must reproduce the above copyright
19 * notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer in
20 * the documentation and/or other materials provided with the
21 * distribution.
22 *
23 * 3. The name(s) of the authors of this software must not be used to
24 * endorse or promote products derived from this software without
25 * prior written permission.
26 *
27 * 4. Redistributions of any form whatsoever must retain the following
28 * acknowledgment:
29 * "This product includes software developed by Paul Mackerras
30 * <paulus (at) samba.org>".
31 *
32 * THE AUTHORS OF THIS SOFTWARE DISCLAIM ALL WARRANTIES WITH REGARD TO
33 * THIS SOFTWARE, INCLUDING ALL IMPLIED WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY
34 * AND FITNESS, IN NO EVENT SHALL THE AUTHORS BE LIABLE FOR ANY
35 * SPECIAL, INDIRECT OR CONSEQUENTIAL DAMAGES OR ANY DAMAGES
36 * WHATSOEVER RESULTING FROM LOSS OF USE, DATA OR PROFITS, WHETHER IN
37 * AN ACTION OF CONTRACT, NEGLIGENCE OR OTHER TORTIOUS ACTION, ARISING
38 * OUT OF OR IN CONNECTION WITH THE USE OR PERFORMANCE OF THIS SOFTWARE.
39 */
40
41 #include <sys/cdefs.h>
42 __KERNEL_RCSID(0, "$NetBSD: ppp-deflate.c,v 1.17.6.1 2008/12/13 01:15:26 haad Exp $");
43
44 #include <sys/param.h>
45 #include <sys/systm.h>
46 #include <sys/mbuf.h>
47 #include <sys/module.h>
48 #include <net/if.h>
49 #include <net/ppp_defs.h>
50 #include <net/if_ppp.h>
51 #include <net/zlib.h>
52
53 #define PACKETPTR struct mbuf *
54 #include <net/ppp-comp.h>
55
56 #if DO_DEFLATE
57
58 #define DEFLATE_DEBUG 1
59
60 /*
61 * State for a Deflate (de)compressor.
62 */
63 struct deflate_state {
64 int seqno;
65 int w_size;
66 int unit;
67 int hdrlen;
68 int mru;
69 int debug;
70 z_stream strm;
71 struct compstat stats;
72 };
73
74 #define DEFLATE_OVHD 2 /* Deflate overhead/packet */
75
76 static void *zalloc(void *, u_int items, u_int size);
77 static void zfree(void *, void *ptr);
78 static void *z_comp_alloc(u_char *options, int opt_len);
79 static void *z_decomp_alloc(u_char *options, int opt_len);
80 static void z_comp_free(void *state);
81 static void z_decomp_free(void *state);
82 static int z_comp_init(void *state, u_char *options, int opt_len,
83 int unit, int hdrlen, int debug);
84 static int z_decomp_init(void *state, u_char *options, int opt_len,
85 int unit, int hdrlen, int mru, int debug);
86 static int z_compress(void *state, struct mbuf **mret,
87 struct mbuf *mp, int slen, int maxolen);
88 static void z_incomp(void *state, struct mbuf *dmsg);
89 static int z_decompress(void *state, struct mbuf *cmp,
90 struct mbuf **dmpp);
91 static void z_comp_reset(void *state);
92 static void z_decomp_reset(void *state);
93 static void z_comp_stats(void *state, struct compstat *stats);
94
95 /*
96 * Procedures exported to if_ppp.c.
97 */
98 static struct compressor ppp_deflate[2] = { {
99 .compress_proto = CI_DEFLATE,
100 .comp_alloc = z_comp_alloc,
101 .comp_free = z_comp_free,
102 .comp_init = z_comp_init,
103 .comp_reset = z_comp_reset,
104 .compress = z_compress,
105 .comp_stat = z_comp_stats,
106 .decomp_alloc = z_decomp_alloc,
107 .decomp_free = z_decomp_free,
108 .decomp_init = z_decomp_init,
109 .decomp_reset = z_decomp_reset,
110 .decompress = z_decompress,
111 .incomp = z_incomp,
112 .decomp_stat = z_comp_stats,
113 },
114 {
115 .compress_proto = CI_DEFLATE_DRAFT,
116 .comp_alloc = z_comp_alloc,
117 .comp_free = z_comp_free,
118 .comp_init = z_comp_init,
119 .comp_reset = z_comp_reset,
120 .compress = z_compress,
121 .comp_stat = z_comp_stats,
122 .decomp_alloc = z_decomp_alloc,
123 .decomp_free = z_decomp_free,
124 .decomp_init = z_decomp_init,
125 .decomp_reset = z_decomp_reset,
126 .decompress = z_decompress,
127 .incomp = z_incomp,
128 .decomp_stat = z_comp_stats,
129 } };
130 /*
131 * Space allocation and freeing routines for use by zlib routines.
132 */
133 void *
134 zalloc(void *notused, u_int items, u_int size)
135 {
136 void *ptr;
137
138 ptr = malloc(items * size, M_DEVBUF, M_NOWAIT);
139 return ptr;
140 }
141
142 void
143 zfree(void *notused, void *ptr)
144 {
145 free(ptr, M_DEVBUF);
146 }
147
148 /*
149 * Allocate space for a compressor.
150 */
151 static void *
152 z_comp_alloc(u_char *options, int opt_len)
153 {
154 struct deflate_state *state;
155 int w_size;
156
157 if (opt_len != CILEN_DEFLATE
158 || (options[0] != CI_DEFLATE && options[0] != CI_DEFLATE_DRAFT)
159 || options[1] != CILEN_DEFLATE
160 || DEFLATE_METHOD(options[2]) != DEFLATE_METHOD_VAL
161 || options[3] != DEFLATE_CHK_SEQUENCE)
162 return NULL;
163 w_size = DEFLATE_SIZE(options[2]);
164 if (w_size < DEFLATE_MIN_SIZE || w_size > DEFLATE_MAX_SIZE)
165 return NULL;
166
167 MALLOC(state, struct deflate_state *, sizeof(struct deflate_state),
168 M_DEVBUF, M_NOWAIT);
169 if (state == NULL)
170 return NULL;
171
172 state->strm.next_in = NULL;
173 state->strm.zalloc = zalloc;
174 state->strm.zfree = zfree;
175 if (deflateInit2(&state->strm, Z_DEFAULT_COMPRESSION, DEFLATE_METHOD_VAL,
176 -w_size, 8, Z_DEFAULT_STRATEGY) != Z_OK) {
177 FREE(state, M_DEVBUF);
178 return NULL;
179 }
180
181 state->w_size = w_size;
182 memset(&state->stats, 0, sizeof(state->stats));
183 return (void *) state;
184 }
185
186 static void
187 z_comp_free(void *arg)
188 {
189 struct deflate_state *state = (struct deflate_state *) arg;
190
191 deflateEnd(&state->strm);
192 FREE(state, M_DEVBUF);
193 }
194
195 static int
196 z_comp_init(void *arg, u_char *options, int opt_len, int unit, int hdrlen,
197 int debug)
198 {
199 struct deflate_state *state = (struct deflate_state *) arg;
200
201 if (opt_len < CILEN_DEFLATE
202 || (options[0] != CI_DEFLATE && options[0] != CI_DEFLATE_DRAFT)
203 || options[1] != CILEN_DEFLATE
204 || DEFLATE_METHOD(options[2]) != DEFLATE_METHOD_VAL
205 || DEFLATE_SIZE(options[2]) != state->w_size
206 || options[3] != DEFLATE_CHK_SEQUENCE)
207 return 0;
208
209 state->seqno = 0;
210 state->unit = unit;
211 state->hdrlen = hdrlen;
212 state->debug = debug;
213
214 deflateReset(&state->strm);
215
216 return 1;
217 }
218
219 static void
220 z_comp_reset(void *arg)
221 {
222 struct deflate_state *state = (struct deflate_state *) arg;
223
224 state->seqno = 0;
225 deflateReset(&state->strm);
226 }
227
228 int
229 z_compress(void *arg,
230 struct mbuf **mret /* compressed packet (out) */,
231 struct mbuf *mp /* uncompressed packet (in) */,
232 int orig_len, int maxolen)
233 {
234 struct deflate_state *state = (struct deflate_state *) arg;
235 u_char *rptr, *wptr;
236 int proto, olen, wspace, r, flush;
237 struct mbuf *m;
238
239 /*
240 * Check that the protocol is in the range we handle.
241 */
242 rptr = mtod(mp, u_char *);
243 proto = PPP_PROTOCOL(rptr);
244 if (proto > 0x3fff || proto == 0xfd || proto == 0xfb) {
245 *mret = NULL;
246 return orig_len;
247 }
248
249 /* Allocate one mbuf initially. */
250 if (maxolen > orig_len)
251 maxolen = orig_len;
252 MGET(m, M_DONTWAIT, MT_DATA);
253 *mret = m;
254 if (m != NULL) {
255 m->m_len = 0;
256 if (maxolen + state->hdrlen > MLEN)
257 MCLGET(m, M_DONTWAIT);
258 wspace = M_TRAILINGSPACE(m);
259 if (state->hdrlen + PPP_HDRLEN + 2 < wspace) {
260 m->m_data += state->hdrlen;
261 wspace -= state->hdrlen;
262 }
263 wptr = mtod(m, u_char *);
264
265 /*
266 * Copy over the PPP header and store the 2-byte sequence number.
267 */
268 wptr[0] = PPP_ADDRESS(rptr);
269 wptr[1] = PPP_CONTROL(rptr);
270 wptr[2] = PPP_COMP >> 8;
271 wptr[3] = PPP_COMP;
272 wptr += PPP_HDRLEN;
273 wptr[0] = state->seqno >> 8;
274 wptr[1] = state->seqno;
275 wptr += 2;
276 state->strm.next_out = wptr;
277 state->strm.avail_out = wspace - (PPP_HDRLEN + 2);
278 } else {
279 state->strm.next_out = NULL;
280 state->strm.avail_out = 1000000;
281 wptr = NULL;
282 wspace = 0;
283 }
284 ++state->seqno;
285
286 rptr += (proto > 0xff)? 2: 3; /* skip 1st proto byte if 0 */
287 state->strm.next_in = rptr;
288 state->strm.avail_in = mtod(mp, u_char *) + mp->m_len - rptr;
289 mp = mp->m_next;
290 flush = (mp == NULL)? Z_PACKET_FLUSH: Z_NO_FLUSH;
291 olen = 0;
292 for (;;) {
293 r = deflate(&state->strm, flush);
294 if (r != Z_OK) {
295 printf("z_compress: deflate returned %d (%s)\n",
296 r, (state->strm.msg? state->strm.msg: ""));
297 break;
298 }
299 if (flush != Z_NO_FLUSH && state->strm.avail_out != 0)
300 break; /* all done */
301 if (state->strm.avail_in == 0 && mp != NULL) {
302 state->strm.next_in = mtod(mp, u_char *);
303 state->strm.avail_in = mp->m_len;
304 mp = mp->m_next;
305 if (mp == NULL)
306 flush = Z_PACKET_FLUSH;
307 }
308 if (state->strm.avail_out == 0) {
309 if (m != NULL) {
310 m->m_len = wspace;
311 olen += wspace;
312 MGET(m->m_next, M_DONTWAIT, MT_DATA);
313 m = m->m_next;
314 if (m != NULL) {
315 m->m_len = 0;
316 if (maxolen - olen > MLEN)
317 MCLGET(m, M_DONTWAIT);
318 state->strm.next_out = mtod(m, u_char *);
319 state->strm.avail_out = wspace = M_TRAILINGSPACE(m);
320 }
321 }
322 if (m == NULL) {
323 state->strm.next_out = NULL;
324 state->strm.avail_out = 1000000;
325 }
326 }
327 }
328 if (m != NULL)
329 olen += (m->m_len = wspace - state->strm.avail_out);
330
331 /*
332 * See if we managed to reduce the size of the packet.
333 */
334 if (m != NULL && olen < orig_len) {
335 state->stats.comp_bytes += olen;
336 state->stats.comp_packets++;
337 } else {
338 if (*mret != NULL) {
339 m_freem(*mret);
340 *mret = NULL;
341 }
342 state->stats.inc_bytes += orig_len;
343 state->stats.inc_packets++;
344 olen = orig_len;
345 }
346 state->stats.unc_bytes += orig_len;
347 state->stats.unc_packets++;
348
349 return olen;
350 }
351
352 static void
353 z_comp_stats(void *arg, struct compstat *stats)
354 {
355 struct deflate_state *state = (struct deflate_state *) arg;
356 u_int out;
357
358 *stats = state->stats;
359 stats->ratio = stats->unc_bytes;
360 out = stats->comp_bytes + stats->inc_bytes;
361 if (stats->ratio <= 0x7ffffff)
362 stats->ratio <<= 8;
363 else
364 out >>= 8;
365 if (out != 0)
366 stats->ratio /= out;
367 }
368
369 /*
370 * Allocate space for a decompressor.
371 */
372 static void *
373 z_decomp_alloc(u_char *options, int opt_len)
374 {
375 struct deflate_state *state;
376 int w_size;
377
378 if (opt_len != CILEN_DEFLATE
379 || (options[0] != CI_DEFLATE && options[0] != CI_DEFLATE_DRAFT)
380 || options[1] != CILEN_DEFLATE
381 || DEFLATE_METHOD(options[2]) != DEFLATE_METHOD_VAL
382 || options[3] != DEFLATE_CHK_SEQUENCE)
383 return NULL;
384 w_size = DEFLATE_SIZE(options[2]);
385 if (w_size < DEFLATE_MIN_SIZE || w_size > DEFLATE_MAX_SIZE)
386 return NULL;
387
388 MALLOC(state, struct deflate_state *, sizeof(struct deflate_state),
389 M_DEVBUF, M_NOWAIT);
390 if (state == NULL)
391 return NULL;
392
393 state->strm.next_out = NULL;
394 state->strm.zalloc = zalloc;
395 state->strm.zfree = zfree;
396 if (inflateInit2(&state->strm, -w_size) != Z_OK) {
397 FREE(state, M_DEVBUF);
398 return NULL;
399 }
400
401 state->w_size = w_size;
402 memset(&state->stats, 0, sizeof(state->stats));
403 return (void *) state;
404 }
405
406 static void
407 z_decomp_free(void *arg)
408 {
409 struct deflate_state *state = (struct deflate_state *) arg;
410
411 inflateEnd(&state->strm);
412 FREE(state, M_DEVBUF);
413 }
414
415 static int
416 z_decomp_init(void *arg, u_char *options, int opt_len, int unit, int hdrlen,
417 int mru, int debug)
418 {
419 struct deflate_state *state = (struct deflate_state *) arg;
420
421 if (opt_len < CILEN_DEFLATE
422 || (options[0] != CI_DEFLATE && options[0] != CI_DEFLATE_DRAFT)
423 || options[1] != CILEN_DEFLATE
424 || DEFLATE_METHOD(options[2]) != DEFLATE_METHOD_VAL
425 || DEFLATE_SIZE(options[2]) != state->w_size
426 || options[3] != DEFLATE_CHK_SEQUENCE)
427 return 0;
428
429 state->seqno = 0;
430 state->unit = unit;
431 state->hdrlen = hdrlen;
432 state->debug = debug;
433 state->mru = mru;
434
435 inflateReset(&state->strm);
436
437 return 1;
438 }
439
440 static void
441 z_decomp_reset(void *arg)
442 {
443 struct deflate_state *state = (struct deflate_state *) arg;
444
445 state->seqno = 0;
446 inflateReset(&state->strm);
447 }
448
449 /*
450 * Decompress a Deflate-compressed packet.
451 *
452 * Because of patent problems, we return DECOMP_ERROR for errors
453 * found by inspecting the input data and for system problems, but
454 * DECOMP_FATALERROR for any errors which could possibly be said to
455 * be being detected "after" decompression. For DECOMP_ERROR,
456 * we can issue a CCP reset-request; for DECOMP_FATALERROR, we may be
457 * infringing a patent of Motorola's if we do, so we take CCP down
458 * instead.
459 *
460 * Given that the frame has the correct sequence number and a good FCS,
461 * errors such as invalid codes in the input most likely indicate a
462 * bug, so we return DECOMP_FATALERROR for them in order to turn off
463 * compression, even though they are detected by inspecting the input.
464 */
465 int
466 z_decompress(void *arg, struct mbuf *mi, struct mbuf **mop)
467 {
468 struct deflate_state *state = (struct deflate_state *) arg;
469 struct mbuf *mo, *mo_head;
470 u_char *rptr, *wptr;
471 int rlen, olen, ospace;
472 int seq, i, flush, r, decode_proto;
473 u_char hdr[PPP_HDRLEN + DEFLATE_OVHD];
474
475 *mop = NULL;
476 rptr = mtod(mi, u_char *);
477 rlen = mi->m_len;
478 for (i = 0; i < PPP_HDRLEN + DEFLATE_OVHD; ++i) {
479 while (rlen <= 0) {
480 mi = mi->m_next;
481 if (mi == NULL)
482 return DECOMP_ERROR;
483 rptr = mtod(mi, u_char *);
484 rlen = mi->m_len;
485 }
486 hdr[i] = *rptr++;
487 --rlen;
488 }
489
490 /* Check the sequence number. */
491 seq = (hdr[PPP_HDRLEN] << 8) + hdr[PPP_HDRLEN+1];
492 if (seq != state->seqno) {
493 if (state->debug)
494 printf("z_decompress%d: bad seq # %d, expected %d\n",
495 state->unit, seq, state->seqno);
496 return DECOMP_ERROR;
497 }
498 ++state->seqno;
499
500 /* Allocate an output mbuf. */
501 MGETHDR(mo, M_DONTWAIT, MT_DATA);
502 if (mo == NULL)
503 return DECOMP_ERROR;
504 mo_head = mo;
505 mo->m_len = 0;
506 mo->m_next = NULL;
507 MCLGET(mo, M_DONTWAIT);
508 ospace = M_TRAILINGSPACE(mo);
509 if (state->hdrlen + PPP_HDRLEN < ospace) {
510 mo->m_data += state->hdrlen;
511 ospace -= state->hdrlen;
512 }
513
514 /*
515 * Fill in the first part of the PPP header. The protocol field
516 * comes from the decompressed data.
517 */
518 wptr = mtod(mo, u_char *);
519 wptr[0] = PPP_ADDRESS(hdr);
520 wptr[1] = PPP_CONTROL(hdr);
521 wptr[2] = 0;
522
523 /*
524 * Set up to call inflate. We set avail_out to 1 initially so we can
525 * look at the first byte of the output and decide whether we have
526 * a 1-byte or 2-byte protocol field.
527 */
528 state->strm.next_in = rptr;
529 state->strm.avail_in = rlen;
530 mi = mi->m_next;
531 flush = (mi == NULL)? Z_PACKET_FLUSH: Z_NO_FLUSH;
532 rlen += PPP_HDRLEN + DEFLATE_OVHD;
533 state->strm.next_out = wptr + 3;
534 state->strm.avail_out = 1;
535 decode_proto = 1;
536 olen = 0;
537
538 /*
539 * Call inflate, supplying more input or output as needed.
540 */
541 for (;;) {
542 r = inflate(&state->strm, flush);
543 if (r != Z_OK) {
544 #if !DEFLATE_DEBUG
545 if (state->debug)
546 #endif
547 printf("z_decompress%d: inflate returned %d (%s)\n",
548 state->unit, r, (state->strm.msg? state->strm.msg: ""));
549 m_freem(mo_head);
550 return DECOMP_FATALERROR;
551 }
552 if (flush != Z_NO_FLUSH && state->strm.avail_out != 0)
553 break; /* all done */
554 if (state->strm.avail_in == 0 && mi != NULL) {
555 state->strm.next_in = mtod(mi, u_char *);
556 state->strm.avail_in = mi->m_len;
557 rlen += mi->m_len;
558 mi = mi->m_next;
559 if (mi == NULL)
560 flush = Z_PACKET_FLUSH;
561 }
562 if (state->strm.avail_out == 0) {
563 if (decode_proto) {
564 state->strm.avail_out = ospace - PPP_HDRLEN;
565 if ((wptr[3] & 1) == 0) {
566 /* 2-byte protocol field */
567 wptr[2] = wptr[3];
568 --state->strm.next_out;
569 ++state->strm.avail_out;
570 --olen;
571 }
572 decode_proto = 0;
573 } else {
574 mo->m_len = ospace;
575 olen += ospace;
576 MGET(mo->m_next, M_DONTWAIT, MT_DATA);
577 mo = mo->m_next;
578 if (mo == NULL) {
579 m_freem(mo_head);
580 return DECOMP_ERROR;
581 }
582 MCLGET(mo, M_DONTWAIT);
583 state->strm.next_out = mtod(mo, u_char *);
584 state->strm.avail_out = ospace = M_TRAILINGSPACE(mo);
585 }
586 }
587 }
588 if (decode_proto) {
589 m_freem(mo_head);
590 return DECOMP_ERROR;
591 }
592 olen += (mo->m_len = ospace - state->strm.avail_out);
593 #if DEFLATE_DEBUG
594 if (olen > state->mru + PPP_HDRLEN)
595 printf("ppp_deflate%d: exceeded mru (%d > %d)\n",
596 state->unit, olen, state->mru + PPP_HDRLEN);
597 #endif
598
599 state->stats.unc_bytes += olen;
600 state->stats.unc_packets++;
601 state->stats.comp_bytes += rlen;
602 state->stats.comp_packets++;
603
604 *mop = mo_head;
605 return DECOMP_OK;
606 }
607
608 /*
609 * Incompressible data has arrived - add it to the history.
610 */
611 static void
612 z_incomp(void *arg, struct mbuf *mi)
613 {
614 struct deflate_state *state = (struct deflate_state *) arg;
615 u_char *rptr;
616 int rlen, proto, r;
617
618 /*
619 * Check that the protocol is one we handle.
620 */
621 rptr = mtod(mi, u_char *);
622 proto = PPP_PROTOCOL(rptr);
623 if (proto > 0x3fff || proto == 0xfd || proto == 0xfb)
624 return;
625
626 ++state->seqno;
627
628 /*
629 * Iterate through the mbufs, adding the characters in them
630 * to the decompressor's history. For the first mbuf, we start
631 * at the either the 1st or 2nd byte of the protocol field,
632 * depending on whether the protocol value is compressible.
633 */
634 rlen = mi->m_len;
635 state->strm.next_in = rptr + 3;
636 state->strm.avail_in = rlen - 3;
637 if (proto > 0xff) {
638 --state->strm.next_in;
639 ++state->strm.avail_in;
640 }
641 for (;;) {
642 r = inflateIncomp(&state->strm);
643 if (r != Z_OK) {
644 /* gak! */
645 #if !DEFLATE_DEBUG
646 if (state->debug)
647 #endif
648 printf("z_incomp%d: inflateIncomp returned %d (%s)\n",
649 state->unit, r, (state->strm.msg? state->strm.msg: ""));
650 return;
651 }
652 mi = mi->m_next;
653 if (mi == NULL)
654 break;
655 state->strm.next_in = mtod(mi, u_char *);
656 state->strm.avail_in = mi->m_len;
657 rlen += mi->m_len;
658 }
659
660 /*
661 * Update stats.
662 */
663 state->stats.inc_bytes += rlen;
664 state->stats.inc_packets++;
665 state->stats.unc_bytes += rlen;
666 state->stats.unc_packets++;
667 }
668
669 MODULE(MODULE_CLASS_MISC, ppp_deflate, NULL);
670
671 static int
672 ppp_deflate_modcmd(modcmd_t cmd, void *arg)
673 {
674
675 switch (cmd) {
676 case MODULE_CMD_INIT:
677 return ppp_register_compressor(ppp_deflate, 2);
678 case MODULE_CMD_FINI:
679 return ppp_unregister_compressor(ppp_deflate, 2);
680 case MODULE_CMD_STAT:
681 return 0;
682 default:
683 return ENOTTY;
684 }
685
686 return ENOTTY;
687 }
688 #endif /* DO_DEFLATE */
689