xref: /src/sys/uvm/uvm_aobj.c

/*	$NetBSD: uvm_aobj.c,v 1.26 1999/09/12 01:17:34 chs Exp $	*/

/*
 * Copyright (c) 1998 Chuck Silvers, Charles D. Cranor and
 *                    Washington University.
 * All rights reserved.
 *
 * Redistribution and use in source and binary forms, with or without
 * modification, are permitted provided that the following conditions
 * are met:
 * 1. Redistributions of source code must retain the above copyright
 *    notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer.
 * 2. Redistributions in binary form must reproduce the above copyright
 *    notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer in the
 *    documentation and/or other materials provided with the distribution.
 * 3. All advertising materials mentioning features or use of this software
 *    must display the following acknowledgement:
 *      This product includes software developed by Charles D. Cranor and
 *      Washington University.
 * 4. The name of the author may not be used to endorse or promote products
 *    derived from this software without specific prior written permission.
 *
 * THIS SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED BY THE AUTHOR ``AS IS'' AND ANY EXPRESS OR
 * IMPLIED WARRANTIES, INCLUDING, BUT NOT LIMITED TO, THE IMPLIED WARRANTIES
 * OF MERCHANTABILITY AND FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE ARE DISCLAIMED.
 * IN NO EVENT SHALL THE AUTHOR BE LIABLE FOR ANY DIRECT, INDIRECT,
 * INCIDENTAL, SPECIAL, EXEMPLARY, OR CONSEQUENTIAL DAMAGES (INCLUDING, BUT
 * NOT LIMITED TO, PROCUREMENT OF SUBSTITUTE GOODS OR SERVICES; LOSS OF USE,
 * DATA, OR PROFITS; OR BUSINESS INTERRUPTION) HOWEVER CAUSED AND ON ANY
 * THEORY OF LIABILITY, WHETHER IN CONTRACT, STRICT LIABILITY, OR TORT
 * (INCLUDING NEGLIGENCE OR OTHERWISE) ARISING IN ANY WAY OUT OF THE USE OF
 * THIS SOFTWARE, EVEN IF ADVISED OF THE POSSIBILITY OF SUCH DAMAGE.
 *
 * from: Id: uvm_aobj.c,v 1.1.2.5 1998/02/06 05:14:38 chs Exp
 */
/*
 * uvm_aobj.c: anonymous memory uvm_object pager
 *
 * author: Chuck Silvers <chuq (at) chuq.com>
 * started: Jan-1998
 *
 * - design mostly from Chuck Cranor
 */



#include "opt_uvmhist.h"

#include <sys/param.h>
#include <sys/systm.h>
#include <sys/proc.h>
#include <sys/malloc.h>
#include <sys/pool.h>

#include <vm/vm.h>
#include <vm/vm_page.h>
#include <vm/vm_kern.h>

#include <uvm/uvm.h>

/*
 * an aobj manages anonymous-memory backed uvm_objects.   in addition
 * to keeping the list of resident pages, it also keeps a list of
 * allocated swap blocks.  depending on the size of the aobj this list
 * of allocated swap blocks is either stored in an array (small objects)
 * or in a hash table (large objects).
 */

/*
 * local structures
 */

/*
 * for hash tables, we break the address space of the aobj into blocks
 * of UAO_SWHASH_CLUSTER_SIZE pages.   we require the cluster size to
 * be a power of two.
 */

#define UAO_SWHASH_CLUSTER_SHIFT 4
#define UAO_SWHASH_CLUSTER_SIZE (1 << UAO_SWHASH_CLUSTER_SHIFT)

/* get the "tag" for this page index */
#define UAO_SWHASH_ELT_TAG(PAGEIDX) \
	((PAGEIDX) >> UAO_SWHASH_CLUSTER_SHIFT)

/* given an ELT and a page index, find the swap slot */
#define UAO_SWHASH_ELT_PAGESLOT(ELT, PAGEIDX) \
	((ELT)->slots[(PAGEIDX) & (UAO_SWHASH_CLUSTER_SIZE - 1)])

/* given an ELT, return its pageidx base */
#define UAO_SWHASH_ELT_PAGEIDX_BASE(ELT) \
	((ELT)->tag << UAO_SWHASH_CLUSTER_SHIFT)

/*
 * the swhash hash function
 */
#define UAO_SWHASH_HASH(AOBJ, PAGEIDX) \
	(&(AOBJ)->u_swhash[(((PAGEIDX) >> UAO_SWHASH_CLUSTER_SHIFT) \
			    & (AOBJ)->u_swhashmask)])

/*
 * the swhash threshhold determines if we will use an array or a
 * hash table to store the list of allocated swap blocks.
 */

#define UAO_SWHASH_THRESHOLD (UAO_SWHASH_CLUSTER_SIZE * 4)
#define UAO_USES_SWHASH(AOBJ) \
	((AOBJ)->u_pages > UAO_SWHASH_THRESHOLD)	/* use hash? */

/*
 * the number of buckets in a swhash, with an upper bound
 */
#define UAO_SWHASH_MAXBUCKETS 256
#define UAO_SWHASH_BUCKETS(AOBJ) \
	(min((AOBJ)->u_pages >> UAO_SWHASH_CLUSTER_SHIFT, \
	     UAO_SWHASH_MAXBUCKETS))


/*
 * uao_swhash_elt: when a hash table is being used, this structure defines
 * the format of an entry in the bucket list.
 */

struct uao_swhash_elt {
	LIST_ENTRY(uao_swhash_elt) list;	/* the hash list */
	vaddr_t tag;			/* our 'tag' */
	int count;				/* our number of active slots */
	int slots[UAO_SWHASH_CLUSTER_SIZE];	/* the slots */
};

/*
 * uao_swhash: the swap hash table structure
 */

LIST_HEAD(uao_swhash, uao_swhash_elt);

/*
 * uao_swhash_elt_pool: pool of uao_swhash_elt structures
 */

struct pool uao_swhash_elt_pool;

/*
 * uvm_aobj: the actual anon-backed uvm_object
 *
 * => the uvm_object is at the top of the structure, this allows
 *   (struct uvm_device *) == (struct uvm_object *)
 * => only one of u_swslots and u_swhash is used in any given aobj
 */

struct uvm_aobj {
	struct uvm_object u_obj; /* has: lock, pgops, memq, #pages, #refs */
	int u_pages;		 /* number of pages in entire object */
	int u_flags;		 /* the flags (see uvm_aobj.h) */
	int *u_swslots;		 /* array of offset->swapslot mappings */
				 /*
				  * hashtable of offset->swapslot mappings
				  * (u_swhash is an array of bucket heads)
				  */
	struct uao_swhash *u_swhash;
	u_long u_swhashmask;		/* mask for hashtable */
	LIST_ENTRY(uvm_aobj) u_list;	/* global list of aobjs */
};

/*
 * uvm_aobj_pool: pool of uvm_aobj structures
 */

struct pool uvm_aobj_pool;

/*
 * local functions
 */

static void			 uao_init __P((void));
static struct uao_swhash_elt	*uao_find_swhash_elt __P((struct uvm_aobj *,
							  int, boolean_t));
static int			 uao_find_swslot __P((struct uvm_aobj *,
						      int));
static boolean_t		 uao_flush __P((struct uvm_object *,
						vaddr_t, vaddr_t,
						int));
static void			 uao_free __P((struct uvm_aobj *));
static int			 uao_get __P((struct uvm_object *, vaddr_t,
					      vm_page_t *, int *, int,
					      vm_prot_t, int, int));
static boolean_t		 uao_releasepg __P((struct vm_page *,
						    struct vm_page **));



/*
 * aobj_pager
 *
 * note that some functions (e.g. put) are handled elsewhere
 */

struct uvm_pagerops aobj_pager = {
	uao_init,		/* init */
	uao_reference,		/* reference */
	uao_detach,		/* detach */
	NULL,			/* fault */
	uao_flush,		/* flush */
	uao_get,		/* get */
	NULL,			/* asyncget */
	NULL,			/* put (done by pagedaemon) */
	NULL,			/* cluster */
	NULL,			/* mk_pcluster */
	uvm_shareprot,		/* shareprot */
	NULL,			/* aiodone */
	uao_releasepg		/* releasepg */
};

/*
 * uao_list: global list of active aobjs, locked by uao_list_lock
 */

static LIST_HEAD(aobjlist, uvm_aobj) uao_list;
static simple_lock_data_t uao_list_lock;


/*
 * functions
 */

/*
 * hash table/array related functions
 */

/*
 * uao_find_swhash_elt: find (or create) a hash table entry for a page
 * offset.
 *
 * => the object should be locked by the caller
 */

static struct uao_swhash_elt *
uao_find_swhash_elt(aobj, pageidx, create)
	struct uvm_aobj *aobj;
	int pageidx;
	boolean_t create;
{
	struct uao_swhash *swhash;
	struct uao_swhash_elt *elt;
	int page_tag;

	swhash = UAO_SWHASH_HASH(aobj, pageidx); /* first hash to get bucket */
	page_tag = UAO_SWHASH_ELT_TAG(pageidx);	/* tag to search for */

	/*
	 * now search the bucket for the requested tag
	 */
	for (elt = swhash->lh_first; elt != NULL; elt = elt->list.le_next) {
		if (elt->tag == page_tag)
			return(elt);
	}

	/* fail now if we are not allowed to create a new entry in the bucket */
	if (!create)
		return NULL;


	/*
	 * allocate a new entry for the bucket and init/insert it in
	 */
	elt = pool_get(&uao_swhash_elt_pool, PR_WAITOK);
	LIST_INSERT_HEAD(swhash, elt, list);
	elt->tag = page_tag;
	elt->count = 0;
	memset(elt->slots, 0, sizeof(elt->slots));

	return(elt);
}

/*
 * uao_find_swslot: find the swap slot number for an aobj/pageidx
 *
 * => object must be locked by caller
 */
__inline static int
uao_find_swslot(aobj, pageidx)
	struct uvm_aobj *aobj;
	int pageidx;
{

	/*
	 * if noswap flag is set, then we never return a slot
	 */

	if (aobj->u_flags & UAO_FLAG_NOSWAP)
		return(0);

	/*
	 * if hashing, look in hash table.
	 */

	if (UAO_USES_SWHASH(aobj)) {
		struct uao_swhash_elt *elt =
		    uao_find_swhash_elt(aobj, pageidx, FALSE);

		if (elt)
			return(UAO_SWHASH_ELT_PAGESLOT(elt, pageidx));
		else
			return(NULL);
	}

	/*
	 * otherwise, look in the array
	 */
	return(aobj->u_swslots[pageidx]);
}

/*
 * uao_set_swslot: set the swap slot for a page in an aobj.
 *
 * => setting a slot to zero frees the slot
 * => object must be locked by caller
 */
int
uao_set_swslot(uobj, pageidx, slot)
	struct uvm_object *uobj;
	int pageidx, slot;
{
	struct uvm_aobj *aobj = (struct uvm_aobj *)uobj;
	int oldslot;
	UVMHIST_FUNC("uao_set_swslot"); UVMHIST_CALLED(pdhist);
	UVMHIST_LOG(pdhist, "aobj %p pageidx %d slot %d",
	    aobj, pageidx, slot, 0);

	/*
	 * if noswap flag is set, then we can't set a slot
	 */

	if (aobj->u_flags & UAO_FLAG_NOSWAP) {

		if (slot == 0)
			return(0);		/* a clear is ok */

		/* but a set is not */
		printf("uao_set_swslot: uobj = %p\n", uobj);
	    panic("uao_set_swslot: attempt to set a slot on a NOSWAP object");
	}

	/*
	 * are we using a hash table?  if so, add it in the hash.
	 */

	if (UAO_USES_SWHASH(aobj)) {
		/*
		 * Avoid allocating an entry just to free it again if
		 * the page had not swap slot in the first place, and
		 * we are freeing.
		 */
		struct uao_swhash_elt *elt =
		    uao_find_swhash_elt(aobj, pageidx, slot ? TRUE : FALSE);
		if (elt == NULL) {
#ifdef DIAGNOSTIC
			if (slot)
				panic("uao_set_swslot: didn't create elt");
#endif
			return (0);
		}

		oldslot = UAO_SWHASH_ELT_PAGESLOT(elt, pageidx);
		UAO_SWHASH_ELT_PAGESLOT(elt, pageidx) = slot;

		/*
		 * now adjust the elt's reference counter and free it if we've
		 * dropped it to zero.
		 */

		/* an allocation? */
		if (slot) {
			if (oldslot == 0)
				elt->count++;
		} else {		/* freeing slot ... */
			if (oldslot)	/* to be safe */
				elt->count--;

			if (elt->count == 0) {
				LIST_REMOVE(elt, list);
				pool_put(&uao_swhash_elt_pool, elt);
			}
		}

	} else {
		/* we are using an array */
		oldslot = aobj->u_swslots[pageidx];
		aobj->u_swslots[pageidx] = slot;
	}
	return (oldslot);
}

/*
 * end of hash/array functions
 */

/*
 * uao_free: free all resources held by an aobj, and then free the aobj
 *
 * => the aobj should be dead
 */
static void
uao_free(aobj)
	struct uvm_aobj *aobj;
{

	if (UAO_USES_SWHASH(aobj)) {
		int i, hashbuckets = aobj->u_swhashmask + 1;

		/*
		 * free the swslots from each hash bucket,
		 * then the hash bucket, and finally the hash table itself.
		 */
		for (i = 0; i < hashbuckets; i++) {
			struct uao_swhash_elt *elt, *next;

			for (elt = aobj->u_swhash[i].lh_first; elt != NULL;
			    elt = next) {
				int j;

				for (j = 0; j < UAO_SWHASH_CLUSTER_SIZE; j++)
				{
					int slot = elt->slots[j];

					if (slot) {
						uvm_swap_free(slot, 1);

						/*
						 * this page is no longer
						 * only in swap.
						 */
						simple_lock(&uvm.swap_data_lock);
						uvmexp.swpgonly--;
						simple_unlock(&uvm.swap_data_lock);
					}
				}

				next = elt->list.le_next;
				pool_put(&uao_swhash_elt_pool, elt);
			}
		}
		FREE(aobj->u_swhash, M_UVMAOBJ);
	} else {
		int i;

		/*
		 * free the array
		 */

		for (i = 0; i < aobj->u_pages; i++)
		{
			int slot = aobj->u_swslots[i];

			if (slot) {
				uvm_swap_free(slot, 1);

				/* this page is no longer only in swap. */
				simple_lock(&uvm.swap_data_lock);
				uvmexp.swpgonly--;
				simple_unlock(&uvm.swap_data_lock);
			}
		}
		FREE(aobj->u_swslots, M_UVMAOBJ);
	}

	/*
	 * finally free the aobj itself
	 */
	pool_put(&uvm_aobj_pool, aobj);
}

/*
 * pager functions
 */

/*
 * uao_create: create an aobj of the given size and return its uvm_object.
 *
 * => for normal use, flags are always zero
 * => for the kernel object, the flags are:
 *	UAO_FLAG_KERNOBJ - allocate the kernel object (can only happen once)
 *	UAO_FLAG_KERNSWAP - enable swapping of kernel object ("           ")
 */
struct uvm_object *
uao_create(size, flags)
	vsize_t size;
	int flags;
{
	static struct uvm_aobj kernel_object_store;	/* home of kernel_object */
	static int kobj_alloced = 0;			/* not allocated yet */
	int pages = round_page(size) >> PAGE_SHIFT;
	struct uvm_aobj *aobj;

	/*
 	* malloc a new aobj unless we are asked for the kernel object
 	*/
	if (flags & UAO_FLAG_KERNOBJ) {		/* want kernel object? */
		if (kobj_alloced)
			panic("uao_create: kernel object already allocated");

		/*
		 * XXXTHORPEJ: Need to call this now, so the pool gets
		 * initialized!
		 */
		uao_init();

		aobj = &kernel_object_store;
		aobj->u_pages = pages;
		aobj->u_flags = UAO_FLAG_NOSWAP;	/* no swap to start */
		/* we are special, we never die */
		aobj->u_obj.uo_refs = UVM_OBJ_KERN;
		kobj_alloced = UAO_FLAG_KERNOBJ;
	} else if (flags & UAO_FLAG_KERNSWAP) {
		aobj = &kernel_object_store;
		if (kobj_alloced != UAO_FLAG_KERNOBJ)
		    panic("uao_create: asked to enable swap on kernel object");
		kobj_alloced = UAO_FLAG_KERNSWAP;
	} else {	/* normal object */
		aobj = pool_get(&uvm_aobj_pool, PR_WAITOK);
		aobj->u_pages = pages;
		aobj->u_flags = 0;		/* normal object */
		aobj->u_obj.uo_refs = 1;	/* start with 1 reference */
	}

	/*
 	 * allocate hash/array if necessary
 	 *
 	 * note: in the KERNSWAP case no need to worry about locking since
 	 * we are still booting we should be the only thread around.
 	 */
	if (flags == 0 || (flags & UAO_FLAG_KERNSWAP) != 0) {
		int mflags = (flags & UAO_FLAG_KERNSWAP) != 0 ?
		    M_NOWAIT : M_WAITOK;

		/* allocate hash table or array depending on object size */
			if (UAO_USES_SWHASH(aobj)) {
			aobj->u_swhash = hashinit(UAO_SWHASH_BUCKETS(aobj),
			    M_UVMAOBJ, mflags, &aobj->u_swhashmask);
			if (aobj->u_swhash == NULL)
				panic("uao_create: hashinit swhash failed");
		} else {
			MALLOC(aobj->u_swslots, int *, pages * sizeof(int),
			    M_UVMAOBJ, mflags);
			if (aobj->u_swslots == NULL)
				panic("uao_create: malloc swslots failed");
			memset(aobj->u_swslots, 0, pages * sizeof(int));
		}

		if (flags) {
			aobj->u_flags &= ~UAO_FLAG_NOSWAP; /* clear noswap */
			return(&aobj->u_obj);
			/* done! */
		}
	}

	/*
 	 * init aobj fields
 	 */
	simple_lock_init(&aobj->u_obj.vmobjlock);
	aobj->u_obj.pgops = &aobj_pager;
	TAILQ_INIT(&aobj->u_obj.memq);
	aobj->u_obj.uo_npages = 0;

	/*
 	 * now that aobj is ready, add it to the global list
 	 * XXXCHS: uao_init hasn't been called'd in the KERNOBJ case,
	 * do we really need the kernel object on this list anyway?
 	 */
	simple_lock(&uao_list_lock);
	LIST_INSERT_HEAD(&uao_list, aobj, u_list);
	simple_unlock(&uao_list_lock);

	/*
 	 * done!
 	 */
	return(&aobj->u_obj);
}



/*
 * uao_init: set up aobj pager subsystem
 *
 * => called at boot time from uvm_pager_init()
 */
static void
uao_init()
{
	static int uao_initialized;

	if (uao_initialized)
		return;
	uao_initialized = TRUE;

	LIST_INIT(&uao_list);
	simple_lock_init(&uao_list_lock);

	/*
	 * NOTE: Pages fror this pool must not come from a pageable
	 * kernel map!
	 */
	pool_init(&uao_swhash_elt_pool, sizeof(struct uao_swhash_elt),
	    0, 0, 0, "uaoeltpl", 0, NULL, NULL, M_UVMAOBJ);

	pool_init(&uvm_aobj_pool, sizeof(struct uvm_aobj), 0, 0, 0,
	    "aobjpl", 0,
	    pool_page_alloc_nointr, pool_page_free_nointr, M_UVMAOBJ);
}

/*
 * uao_reference: add a ref to an aobj
 *
 * => aobj must be unlocked (we will lock it)
 */
void
uao_reference(uobj)
	struct uvm_object *uobj;
{
	UVMHIST_FUNC("uao_reference"); UVMHIST_CALLED(maphist);

	/*
 	 * kernel_object already has plenty of references, leave it alone.
 	 */

	if (UVM_OBJ_IS_KERN_OBJECT(uobj))
		return;

	simple_lock(&uobj->vmobjlock);
	uobj->uo_refs++;		/* bump! */
	UVMHIST_LOG(maphist, "<- done (uobj=0x%x, ref = %d)",
	uobj, uobj->uo_refs,0,0);
	simple_unlock(&uobj->vmobjlock);
}

/*
 * uao_detach: drop a reference to an aobj
 *
 * => aobj must be unlocked, we will lock it
 */
void
uao_detach(uobj)
	struct uvm_object *uobj;
{
	struct uvm_aobj *aobj = (struct uvm_aobj *)uobj;
	struct vm_page *pg;
	boolean_t busybody;
	UVMHIST_FUNC("uao_detach"); UVMHIST_CALLED(maphist);

	/*
 	 * detaching from kernel_object is a noop.
 	 */
	if (UVM_OBJ_IS_KERN_OBJECT(uobj))
		return;

	simple_lock(&uobj->vmobjlock);

	UVMHIST_LOG(maphist,"  (uobj=0x%x)  ref=%d", uobj,uobj->uo_refs,0,0);
	uobj->uo_refs--;				/* drop ref! */
	if (uobj->uo_refs) {				/* still more refs? */
		simple_unlock(&uobj->vmobjlock);
		UVMHIST_LOG(maphist, "<- done (rc>0)", 0,0,0,0);
		return;
	}

	/*
 	 * remove the aobj from the global list.
 	 */
	simple_lock(&uao_list_lock);
	LIST_REMOVE(aobj, u_list);
	simple_unlock(&uao_list_lock);

	/*
 	 * free all the pages that aren't PG_BUSY, mark for release any that are.
 	 */

	busybody = FALSE;
	for (pg = uobj->memq.tqh_first ; pg != NULL ; pg = pg->listq.tqe_next) {

		if (pg->flags & PG_BUSY) {
			pg->flags |= PG_RELEASED;
			busybody = TRUE;
			continue;
		}

		/* zap the mappings, free the swap slot, free the page */
		pmap_page_protect(pg, VM_PROT_NONE);
		uao_dropswap(&aobj->u_obj, pg->offset >> PAGE_SHIFT);
		uvm_lock_pageq();
		uvm_pagefree(pg);
		uvm_unlock_pageq();
	}

	/*
 	 * if we found any busy pages, we're done for now.
 	 * mark the aobj for death, releasepg will finish up for us.
 	 */
	if (busybody) {
		aobj->u_flags |= UAO_FLAG_KILLME;
		simple_unlock(&aobj->u_obj.vmobjlock);
		return;
	}

	/*
 	 * finally, free the rest.
 	 */
	uao_free(aobj);
}

/*
 * uao_flush: "flush" pages out of a uvm object
 *
 * => object should be locked by caller.  we may _unlock_ the object
 *	if (and only if) we need to clean a page (PGO_CLEANIT).
 *	XXXJRT Currently, however, we don't.  In the case of cleaning
 *	XXXJRT a page, we simply just deactivate it.  Should probably
 *	XXXJRT handle this better, in the future (although "flushing"
 *	XXXJRT anonymous memory isn't terribly important).
 * => if PGO_CLEANIT is not set, then we will neither unlock the object
 *	or block.
 * => if PGO_ALLPAGE is set, then all pages in the object are valid targets
 *	for flushing.
 * => NOTE: we rely on the fact that the object's memq is a TAILQ and
 *	that new pages are inserted on the tail end of the list.  thus,
 *	we can make a complete pass through the object in one go by starting
 *	at the head and working towards the tail (new pages are put in
 *	front of us).
 * => NOTE: we are allowed to lock the page queues, so the caller
 *	must not be holding the lock on them [e.g. pagedaemon had
 *	better not call us with the queues locked]
 * => we return TRUE unless we encountered some sort of I/O error
 *	XXXJRT currently never happens, as we never directly initiate
 *	XXXJRT I/O
 *
 * comment on "cleaning" object and PG_BUSY pages:
 *	this routine is holding the lock on the object.  the only time
 *	that is can run into a PG_BUSY page that it does not own is if
 *	some other process has started I/O on the page (e.g. either
 *	a pagein or a pageout).  if the PG_BUSY page is being paged
 *	in, then it can not be dirty (!PG_CLEAN) because no one has
 *	had a change to modify it yet.  if the PG_BUSY page is being
 *	paged out then it means that someone else has already started
 *	cleaning the page for us (how nice!).  in this case, if we
 *	have syncio specified, then after we make our pass through the
 *	object we need to wait for the other PG_BUSY pages to clear
 *	off (i.e. we need to do an iosync).  also note that once a
 *	page is PG_BUSY is must stary in its object until it is un-busyed.
 *	XXXJRT We never actually do this, as we are "flushing" anonymous
 *	XXXJRT memory, which doesn't have persistent backing store.
 *
 * note on page traversal:
 *	we can traverse the pages in an object either by going down the
 *	linked list in "uobj->memq", or we can go over the address range
 *	by page doing hash table lookups for each address.  depending
 *	on how many pages are in the object it may be cheaper to do one
 *	or the other.  we set "by_list" to true if we are using memq.
 *	if the cost of a hash lookup was equal to the cost of the list
 *	traversal we could compare the number of pages in the start->stop
 *	range to the total number of pages in the object.  however, it
 *	seems that a hash table lookup is more expensive than the linked
 *	list traversal, so we multiply the number of pages in the
 *	start->stop range by a penalty which we define below.
 */

#define	UAO_HASH_PENALTY 4	/* XXX: a guess */

boolean_t
uao_flush(uobj, start, stop, flags)
	struct uvm_object *uobj;
	vaddr_t start, stop;
	int flags;
{
	struct uvm_aobj *aobj = (struct uvm_aobj *) uobj;
	struct vm_page *pp, *ppnext;
	boolean_t retval, by_list;
	vaddr_t curoff;
	UVMHIST_FUNC("uao_flush"); UVMHIST_CALLED(maphist);

	curoff = 0;	/* XXX: shut up gcc */

	retval = TRUE;	/* default to success */

	if (flags & PGO_ALLPAGES) {
		start = 0;
		stop = aobj->u_pages << PAGE_SHIFT;
		by_list = TRUE;		/* always go by the list */
	} else {
		start = trunc_page(start);
		stop = round_page(stop);
		if (stop > (aobj->u_pages << PAGE_SHIFT)) {
			printf("uao_flush: strange, got an out of range "
			    "flush (fixed)\n");
			stop = aobj->u_pages << PAGE_SHIFT;
		}
		by_list = (uobj->uo_npages <=
		    ((stop - start) >> PAGE_SHIFT) * UAO_HASH_PENALTY);
	}

	UVMHIST_LOG(maphist,
	    " flush start=0x%lx, stop=0x%x, by_list=%d, flags=0x%x",
	    start, stop, by_list, flags);

	/*
	 * Don't need to do any work here if we're not freeing
	 * or deactivating pages.
	 */
	if ((flags & (PGO_DEACTIVATE|PGO_FREE)) == 0) {
		UVMHIST_LOG(maphist,
		    "<- done (no work to do)",0,0,0,0);
		return (retval);
	}

	/*
	 * now do it.  note: we must update ppnext in the body of loop or we
	 * will get stuck.  we need to use ppnext because we may free "pp"
	 * before doing the next loop.
	 */

	if (by_list) {
		pp = uobj->memq.tqh_first;
	} else {
		curoff = start;
		pp = uvm_pagelookup(uobj, curoff);
	}

	ppnext = NULL;	/* XXX: shut up gcc */
	uvm_lock_pageq();	/* page queues locked */

	/* locked: both page queues and uobj */
	for ( ; (by_list && pp != NULL) ||
	    (!by_list && curoff < stop) ; pp = ppnext) {
		if (by_list) {
			ppnext = pp->listq.tqe_next;

			/* range check */
			if (pp->offset < start || pp->offset >= stop)
				continue;
		} else {
			curoff += PAGE_SIZE;
			if (curoff < stop)
				ppnext = uvm_pagelookup(uobj, curoff);

			/* null check */
			if (pp == NULL)
				continue;
		}

		switch (flags & (PGO_CLEANIT|PGO_FREE|PGO_DEACTIVATE)) {
		/*
		 * XXX In these first 3 cases, we always just
		 * XXX deactivate the page.  We may want to
		 * XXX handle the different cases more specifically
		 * XXX in the future.
		 */
		case PGO_CLEANIT|PGO_FREE:
		case PGO_CLEANIT|PGO_DEACTIVATE:
		case PGO_DEACTIVATE:
 deactivate_it:
			/* skip the page if it's loaned or wired */
			if (pp->loan_count != 0 ||
			    pp->wire_count != 0)
				continue;

			/* zap all mappings for the page. */
			pmap_page_protect(pp, VM_PROT_NONE);

			/* ...and deactivate the page. */
			uvm_pagedeactivate(pp);

			continue;

		case PGO_FREE:
			/*
			 * If there are multiple references to
			 * the object, just deactivate the page.
			 */
			if (uobj->uo_refs > 1)
				goto deactivate_it;

			/* XXX skip the page if it's loaned or wired */
			if (pp->loan_count != 0 ||
			    pp->wire_count != 0)
				continue;

			/*
			 * mark the page as released if its busy.
			 */
			if (pp->flags & PG_BUSY) {
				pp->flags |= PG_RELEASED;
				continue;
			}

			/* zap all mappings for the page. */
			pmap_page_protect(pp, VM_PROT_NONE);

			uao_dropswap(uobj, pp->offset >> PAGE_SHIFT);
			uvm_pagefree(pp);

			continue;

		default:
			panic("uao_flush: weird flags");
		}
#ifdef DIAGNOSTIC
		panic("uao_flush: unreachable code");
#endif
	}

	uvm_unlock_pageq();

	UVMHIST_LOG(maphist,
	    "<- done, rv=%d",retval,0,0,0);
	return (retval);
}

/*
 * uao_get: fetch me a page
 *
 * we have three cases:
 * 1: page is resident     -> just return the page.
 * 2: page is zero-fill    -> allocate a new page and zero it.
 * 3: page is swapped out  -> fetch the page from swap.
 *
 * cases 1 and 2 can be handled with PGO_LOCKED, case 3 cannot.
 * so, if the "center" page hits case 3 (or any page, with PGO_ALLPAGES),
 * then we will need to return VM_PAGER_UNLOCK.
 *
 * => prefer map unlocked (not required)
 * => object must be locked!  we will _unlock_ it before starting any I/O.
 * => flags: PGO_ALLPAGES: get all of the pages
 *           PGO_LOCKED: fault data structures are locked
 * => NOTE: offset is the offset of pps[0], _NOT_ pps[centeridx]
 * => NOTE: caller must check for released pages!!
 */
static int
uao_get(uobj, offset, pps, npagesp, centeridx, access_type, advice, flags)
	struct uvm_object *uobj;
	vaddr_t offset;
	struct vm_page **pps;
	int *npagesp;
	int centeridx, advice, flags;
	vm_prot_t access_type;
{
	struct uvm_aobj *aobj = (struct uvm_aobj *)uobj;
	vaddr_t current_offset;
	vm_page_t ptmp;
	int lcv, gotpages, maxpages, swslot, rv;
	boolean_t done;
	UVMHIST_FUNC("uao_get"); UVMHIST_CALLED(pdhist);

	UVMHIST_LOG(pdhist, "aobj=%p offset=%d, flags=%d", aobj, offset, flags,0);

	/*
 	 * get number of pages
 	 */

	maxpages = *npagesp;

	/*
 	 * step 1: handled the case where fault data structures are locked.
 	 */

	if (flags & PGO_LOCKED) {

		/*
 		 * step 1a: get pages that are already resident.   only do
		 * this if the data structures are locked (i.e. the first
		 * time through).
 		 */

		done = TRUE;	/* be optimistic */
		gotpages = 0;	/* # of pages we got so far */

		for (lcv = 0, current_offset = offset ; lcv < maxpages ;
		    lcv++, current_offset += PAGE_SIZE) {
			/* do we care about this page?  if not, skip it */
			if (pps[lcv] == PGO_DONTCARE)
				continue;

			ptmp = uvm_pagelookup(uobj, current_offset);

			/*
 			 * if page is new, attempt to allocate the page, then
			 * zero-fill it.
 			 */
			if (ptmp == NULL && uao_find_swslot(aobj,
			    current_offset >> PAGE_SHIFT) == 0) {
				ptmp = uvm_pagealloc(uobj, current_offset,
				    NULL, 0);
				if (ptmp) {
					/* new page */
					ptmp->flags &= ~(PG_BUSY|PG_FAKE);
					ptmp->pqflags |= PQ_AOBJ;
					UVM_PAGE_OWN(ptmp, NULL);
					uvm_pagezero(ptmp);
				}
			}

			/*
			 * to be useful must get a non-busy, non-released page
			 */
			if (ptmp == NULL ||
			    (ptmp->flags & (PG_BUSY|PG_RELEASED)) != 0) {
				if (lcv == centeridx ||
				    (flags & PGO_ALLPAGES) != 0)
					/* need to do a wait or I/O! */
					done = FALSE;
					continue;
			}

			/*
			 * useful page: busy/lock it and plug it in our
			 * result array
			 */
			/* caller must un-busy this page */
			ptmp->flags |= PG_BUSY;
			UVM_PAGE_OWN(ptmp, "uao_get1");
			pps[lcv] = ptmp;
			gotpages++;

		}	/* "for" lcv loop */

		/*
 		 * step 1b: now we've either done everything needed or we
		 * to unlock and do some waiting or I/O.
 		 */

		UVMHIST_LOG(pdhist, "<- done (done=%d)", done, 0,0,0);

		*npagesp = gotpages;
		if (done)
			/* bingo! */
			return(VM_PAGER_OK);
		else
			/* EEK!   Need to unlock and I/O */
			return(VM_PAGER_UNLOCK);
	}

	/*
 	 * step 2: get non-resident or busy pages.
 	 * object is locked.   data structures are unlocked.
 	 */

	for (lcv = 0, current_offset = offset ; lcv < maxpages ;
	    lcv++, current_offset += PAGE_SIZE) {
		/*
		 * - skip over pages we've already gotten or don't want
		 * - skip over pages we don't _have_ to get
		 */
		if (pps[lcv] != NULL ||
		    (lcv != centeridx && (flags & PGO_ALLPAGES) == 0))
			continue;

		/*
 		 * we have yet to locate the current page (pps[lcv]).   we
		 * first look for a page that is already at the current offset.
		 * if we find a page, we check to see if it is busy or
		 * released.  if that is the case, then we sleep on the page
		 * until it is no longer busy or released and repeat the lookup.
		 * if the page we found is neither busy nor released, then we
		 * busy it (so we own it) and plug it into pps[lcv].   this
		 * 'break's the following while loop and indicates we are
		 * ready to move on to the next page in the "lcv" loop above.
 		 *
 		 * if we exit the while loop with pps[lcv] still set to NULL,
		 * then it means that we allocated a new busy/fake/clean page
		 * ptmp in the object and we need to do I/O to fill in the data.
 		 */

		/* top of "pps" while loop */
		while (pps[lcv] == NULL) {
			/* look for a resident page */
			ptmp = uvm_pagelookup(uobj, current_offset);

			/* not resident?   allocate one now (if we can) */
			if (ptmp == NULL) {

				ptmp = uvm_pagealloc(uobj, current_offset,
				    NULL, 0);

				/* out of RAM? */
				if (ptmp == NULL) {
					simple_unlock(&uobj->vmobjlock);
					UVMHIST_LOG(pdhist,
					    "sleeping, ptmp == NULL\n",0,0,0,0);
					uvm_wait("uao_getpage");
					simple_lock(&uobj->vmobjlock);
					/* goto top of pps while loop */
					continue;
				}

				/*
				 * safe with PQ's unlocked: because we just
				 * alloc'd the page
				 */
				ptmp->pqflags |= PQ_AOBJ;

				/*
				 * got new page ready for I/O.  break pps while
				 * loop.  pps[lcv] is still NULL.
				 */
				break;
			}

			/* page is there, see if we need to wait on it */
			if ((ptmp->flags & (PG_BUSY|PG_RELEASED)) != 0) {
				ptmp->flags |= PG_WANTED;
				UVMHIST_LOG(pdhist,
				    "sleeping, ptmp->flags 0x%x\n",
				    ptmp->flags,0,0,0);
				UVM_UNLOCK_AND_WAIT(ptmp, &uobj->vmobjlock,
				    FALSE, "uao_get", 0);
				simple_lock(&uobj->vmobjlock);
				continue;	/* goto top of pps while loop */
			}

			/*
 			 * if we get here then the page has become resident and
			 * unbusy between steps 1 and 2.  we busy it now (so we
			 * own it) and set pps[lcv] (so that we exit the while
			 * loop).
 			 */
			/* we own it, caller must un-busy */
			ptmp->flags |= PG_BUSY;
			UVM_PAGE_OWN(ptmp, "uao_get2");
			pps[lcv] = ptmp;
		}

		/*
 		 * if we own the valid page at the correct offset, pps[lcv] will
 		 * point to it.   nothing more to do except go to the next page.
 		 */
		if (pps[lcv])
			continue;			/* next lcv */

		/*
 		 * we have a "fake/busy/clean" page that we just allocated.
 		 * do the needed "i/o", either reading from swap or zeroing.
 		 */
		swslot = uao_find_swslot(aobj, current_offset >> PAGE_SHIFT);

		/*
 		 * just zero the page if there's nothing in swap.
 		 */
		if (swslot == 0)
		{
			/*
			 * page hasn't existed before, just zero it.
			 */
			uvm_pagezero(ptmp);
		}
		else
		{
			UVMHIST_LOG(pdhist, "pagein from swslot %d",
			     swslot, 0,0,0);

			/*
			 * page in the swapped-out page.
			 * unlock object for i/o, relock when done.
			 */
			simple_unlock(&uobj->vmobjlock);
			rv = uvm_swap_get(ptmp, swslot, PGO_SYNCIO);
			simple_lock(&uobj->vmobjlock);

			/*
			 * I/O done.  check for errors.
			 */
			if (rv != VM_PAGER_OK)
			{
				UVMHIST_LOG(pdhist, "<- done (error=%d)",
				    rv,0,0,0);
				if (ptmp->flags & PG_WANTED)
					/* object lock still held */
					wakeup(ptmp);
				ptmp->flags &= ~(PG_WANTED|PG_BUSY);
				UVM_PAGE_OWN(ptmp, NULL);
				uvm_lock_pageq();
				uvm_pagefree(ptmp);
				uvm_unlock_pageq();
				simple_unlock(&uobj->vmobjlock);
				return (rv);
			}
		}

		/*
 		 * we got the page!   clear the fake flag (indicates valid
		 * data now in page) and plug into our result array.   note
		 * that page is still busy.
 		 *
 		 * it is the callers job to:
 		 * => check if the page is released
 		 * => unbusy the page
 		 * => activate the page
 		 */

		ptmp->flags &= ~PG_FAKE;		/* data is valid ... */
		pmap_clear_modify(ptmp);		/* ... and clean */
		pps[lcv] = ptmp;

	}	/* lcv loop */

	/*
 	 * finally, unlock object and return.
 	 */

	simple_unlock(&uobj->vmobjlock);
	UVMHIST_LOG(pdhist, "<- done (OK)",0,0,0,0);
	return(VM_PAGER_OK);
}

/*
 * uao_releasepg: handle released page in an aobj
 *
 * => "pg" is a PG_BUSY [caller owns it], PG_RELEASED page that we need
 *      to dispose of.
 * => caller must handle PG_WANTED case
 * => called with page's object locked, pageq's unlocked
 * => returns TRUE if page's object is still alive, FALSE if we
 *      killed the page's object.    if we return TRUE, then we
 *      return with the object locked.
 * => if (nextpgp != NULL) => we return pageq.tqe_next here, and return
 *                              with the page queues locked [for pagedaemon]
 * => if (nextpgp == NULL) => we return with page queues unlocked [normal case]
 * => we kill the aobj if it is not referenced and we are suppose to
 *      kill it ("KILLME").
 */
static boolean_t uao_releasepg(pg, nextpgp)
	struct vm_page *pg;
	struct vm_page **nextpgp;	/* OUT */
{
	struct uvm_aobj *aobj = (struct uvm_aobj *) pg->uobject;

#ifdef DIAGNOSTIC
	if ((pg->flags & PG_RELEASED) == 0)
		panic("uao_releasepg: page not released!");
#endif

	/*
 	 * dispose of the page [caller handles PG_WANTED] and swap slot.
 	 */
	pmap_page_protect(pg, VM_PROT_NONE);
	uao_dropswap(&aobj->u_obj, pg->offset >> PAGE_SHIFT);
	uvm_lock_pageq();
	if (nextpgp)
		*nextpgp = pg->pageq.tqe_next;	/* next page for daemon */
	uvm_pagefree(pg);
	if (!nextpgp)
		uvm_unlock_pageq();			/* keep locked for daemon */

	/*
 	 * if we're not killing the object, we're done.
 	 */
	if ((aobj->u_flags & UAO_FLAG_KILLME) == 0)
		return TRUE;

#ifdef DIAGNOSTIC
	if (aobj->u_obj.uo_refs)
		panic("uvm_km_releasepg: kill flag set on referenced object!");
#endif

	/*
 	 * if there are still pages in the object, we're done for now.
 	 */
	if (aobj->u_obj.uo_npages != 0)
		return TRUE;

#ifdef DIAGNOSTIC
	if (aobj->u_obj.memq.tqh_first)
		panic("uvn_releasepg: pages in object with npages == 0");
#endif

	/*
 	 * finally, free the rest.
 	 */
	uao_free(aobj);

	return FALSE;
}

/*
 * uao_dropswap:  release any swap resources from this aobj page.
 *
 * => aobj must be locked or have a reference count of 0.
 */

void
uao_dropswap(uobj, pageidx)
	struct uvm_object *uobj;
	int pageidx;
{
	int slot;

	slot = uao_set_swslot(uobj, pageidx, 0);
	if (slot) {
		uvm_swap_free(slot, 1);
	}
}