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kdump.c revision 1.46 
      1 /*	$NetBSD: kdump.c,v 1.46 2002/12/09 21:29:28 manu Exp $	*/
      2 
      3 /*-
      4  * Copyright (c) 1988, 1993
      5  *	The Regents of the University of California.  All rights reserved.
      6  *
      7  * Redistribution and use in source and binary forms, with or without
      8  * modification, are permitted provided that the following conditions
      9  * are met:
     10  * 1. Redistributions of source code must retain the above copyright
     11  *    notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer.
     12  * 2. Redistributions in binary form must reproduce the above copyright
     13  *    notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer in the
     14  *    documentation and/or other materials provided with the distribution.
     15  * 3. All advertising materials mentioning features or use of this software
     16  *    must display the following acknowledgement:
     17  *	This product includes software developed by the University of
     18  *	California, Berkeley and its contributors.
     19  * 4. Neither the name of the University nor the names of its contributors
     20  *    may be used to endorse or promote products derived from this software
     21  *    without specific prior written permission.
     22  *
     23  * THIS SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED BY THE REGENTS AND CONTRIBUTORS ``AS IS'' AND
     24  * ANY EXPRESS OR IMPLIED WARRANTIES, INCLUDING, BUT NOT LIMITED TO, THE
     25  * IMPLIED WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY AND FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE
     26  * ARE DISCLAIMED.  IN NO EVENT SHALL THE REGENTS OR CONTRIBUTORS BE LIABLE
     27  * FOR ANY DIRECT, INDIRECT, INCIDENTAL, SPECIAL, EXEMPLARY, OR CONSEQUENTIAL
     28  * DAMAGES (INCLUDING, BUT NOT LIMITED TO, PROCUREMENT OF SUBSTITUTE GOODS
     29  * OR SERVICES; LOSS OF USE, DATA, OR PROFITS; OR BUSINESS INTERRUPTION)
     30  * HOWEVER CAUSED AND ON ANY THEORY OF LIABILITY, WHETHER IN CONTRACT, STRICT
     31  * LIABILITY, OR TORT (INCLUDING NEGLIGENCE OR OTHERWISE) ARISING IN ANY WAY
     32  * OUT OF THE USE OF THIS SOFTWARE, EVEN IF ADVISED OF THE POSSIBILITY OF
     33  * SUCH DAMAGE.
     34  */
     35 
     36 #include <sys/cdefs.h>
     37 #ifndef lint
     38 __COPYRIGHT("@(#) Copyright (c) 1988, 1993\n\
     39 	The Regents of the University of California.  All rights reserved.\n");
     40 #endif /* not lint */
     41 
     42 #ifndef lint
     43 #if 0
     44 static char sccsid[] = "@(#)kdump.c	8.4 (Berkeley) 4/28/95";
     45 #else
     46 __RCSID("$NetBSD: kdump.c,v 1.46 2002/12/09 21:29:28 manu Exp $");
     47 #endif
     48 #endif /* not lint */
     49 
     50 #include <sys/param.h>
     51 #define _KERNEL
     52 #include <sys/errno.h>
     53 #undef _KERNEL
     54 #include <sys/time.h>
     55 #include <sys/uio.h>
     56 #include <sys/ktrace.h>
     57 #include <sys/ioctl.h>
     58 #include <sys/ptrace.h>
     59 
     60 #include <ctype.h>
     61 #include <err.h>
     62 #include <signal.h>
     63 #include <stdio.h>
     64 #include <stdlib.h>
     65 #include <string.h>
     66 #include <unistd.h>
     67 #include <vis.h>
     68 
     69 #include "ktrace.h"
     70 #include "setemul.h"
     71 
     72 #include <sys/syscall.h>
     73 
     74 int timestamp, decimal, plain, tail, maxdata, numeric;
     75 pid_t do_pid = -1;
     76 const char *tracefile = NULL;
     77 struct ktr_header ktr_header;
     78 int emul_changed = 0;
     79 
     80 #define eqs(s1, s2)	(strcmp((s1), (s2)) == 0)
     81 
     82 static const char *ptrace_ops[] = {
     83 	"PT_TRACE_ME",	"PT_READ_I",	"PT_READ_D",	"PT_READ_U",
     84 	"PT_WRITE_I",	"PT_WRITE_D",	"PT_WRITE_U",	"PT_CONTINUE",
     85 	"PT_KILL",	"PT_ATTACH",	"PT_DETACH",
     86 };
     87 
     88 static const char *linux_ptrace_ops[] = {
     89 	"PTRACE_TRACEME",
     90 	"PTRACE_PEEKTEXT", "PTRACE_PEEKDATA", "PTRACE_PEEKUSER",
     91 	"PTRACE_POKETEXT", "PTRACE_POKEDATA", "PTRACE_POKEUSER",
     92 	"PTRACE_CONT", "PTRACE_KILL", "PTRACE_SINGLESTEP",
     93 	NULL, NULL,
     94 	"PTRACE_GETREGS", "PTRACE_SETREGS", "PTRACE_GETFPREGS",
     95 	"PTRACE_SETFPREGS", "PTRACE_ATTACH", "PTRACE_DETACH",
     96 	"PTRACE_SYSCALL",
     97 };
     98 
     99 int	main __P((int, char **));
    100 int	fread_tail __P((char *, int, int));
    101 void	dumpheader __P((struct ktr_header *));
    102 void	ioctldecode __P((u_long));
    103 void	ktrsyscall __P((struct ktr_syscall *));
    104 void	ktrsysret __P((struct ktr_sysret *));
    105 void	ktrnamei __P((char *, int));
    106 void	ktremul __P((char *, int, int));
    107 void	ktrgenio __P((struct ktr_genio *, int));
    108 void	ktrpsig __P((struct ktr_psig *));
    109 void	ktrcsw __P((struct ktr_csw *));
    110 void	ktruser __P((struct ktr_user *, int));
    111 void	ktrmmsg __P((struct ktr_mmsg *, int));
    112 void	usage __P((void));
    113 void	eprint __P((int));
    114 char	*ioctlname __P((long));
    115 static const char *signame __P((long, int));
    116 
    117 int
    118 main(argc, argv)
    119 	int argc;
    120 	char *argv[];
    121 {
    122 	int ch, ktrlen, size;
    123 	void *m;
    124 	int trpoints = ALL_POINTS;
    125 	const char *emul_name = "netbsd";
    126 
    127 	while ((ch = getopt(argc, argv, "e:f:dlm:Nnp:RTt:")) != -1)
    128 		switch (ch) {
    129 		case 'e':
    130 			emul_name = strdup(optarg); /* it's safer to copy it */
    131 			break;
    132 		case 'f':
    133 			tracefile = optarg;
    134 			break;
    135 		case 'd':
    136 			decimal = 1;
    137 			break;
    138 		case 'l':
    139 			tail = 1;
    140 			break;
    141 		case 'p':
    142 			do_pid = atoi(optarg);
    143 			break;
    144 		case 'm':
    145 			maxdata = atoi(optarg);
    146 			break;
    147 		case 'N':
    148 			numeric++;
    149 			break;
    150 		case 'n':
    151 			plain++;
    152 			break;
    153 		case 'R':
    154 			timestamp = 2;	/* relative timestamp */
    155 			break;
    156 		case 'T':
    157 			timestamp = 1;
    158 			break;
    159 		case 't':
    160 			trpoints = getpoints(optarg);
    161 			if (trpoints < 0)
    162 				errx(1, "unknown trace point in %s", optarg);
    163 			break;
    164 		default:
    165 			usage();
    166 		}
    167 	argv += optind;
    168 	argc -= optind;
    169 
    170 	if (tracefile == NULL) {
    171 		if (argc == 1) {
    172 			tracefile = argv[0];
    173 			argv++;
    174 			argc--;
    175 		}
    176 		else
    177 			tracefile = DEF_TRACEFILE;
    178 	}
    179 
    180 	if (argc > 0)
    181 		usage();
    182 
    183 	setemul(emul_name, 0, 0);
    184 	mach_lookup_emul();
    185 
    186 	m = malloc(size = 1024);
    187 	if (m == NULL)
    188 		errx(1, "malloc: %s", strerror(ENOMEM));
    189 	if (!freopen(tracefile, "r", stdin))
    190 		err(1, "%s", tracefile);
    191 	while (fread_tail((char *)&ktr_header, sizeof(struct ktr_header), 1)) {
    192 		if (trpoints & (1<<ktr_header.ktr_type))
    193 			if (do_pid == -1 || ktr_header.ktr_pid == do_pid)
    194 				dumpheader(&ktr_header);
    195 		if ((ktrlen = ktr_header.ktr_len) < 0)
    196 			errx(1, "bogus length 0x%x", ktrlen);
    197 		if (ktrlen > size) {
    198 			while(ktrlen > size) size *= 2;
    199 			m = (void *)realloc(m, size);
    200 			if (m == NULL)
    201 				errx(1, "realloc: %s", strerror(ENOMEM));
    202 		}
    203 		if (ktrlen && fread_tail(m, ktrlen, 1) == 0)
    204 			errx(1, "data too short");
    205 		if ((trpoints & (1<<ktr_header.ktr_type)) == 0)
    206 			continue;
    207 
    208 		/* update context to match currently processed record */
    209 		if (do_pid != -1 && ktr_header.ktr_pid != do_pid)
    210 			continue;
    211 		ectx_sanify(ktr_header.ktr_pid);
    212 
    213 		switch (ktr_header.ktr_type) {
    214 		case KTR_SYSCALL:
    215 			ktrsyscall((struct ktr_syscall *)m);
    216 			break;
    217 		case KTR_SYSRET:
    218 			ktrsysret((struct ktr_sysret *)m);
    219 			break;
    220 		case KTR_NAMEI:
    221 			ktrnamei(m, ktrlen);
    222 			break;
    223 		case KTR_GENIO:
    224 			ktrgenio((struct ktr_genio *)m, ktrlen);
    225 			break;
    226 		case KTR_PSIG:
    227 			ktrpsig((struct ktr_psig *)m);
    228 			break;
    229 		case KTR_CSW:
    230 			ktrcsw((struct ktr_csw *)m);
    231 			break;
    232 		case KTR_EMUL:
    233 			ktremul(m, ktrlen, size);
    234 			break;
    235 		case KTR_USER:
    236 			ktruser((struct ktr_user *)m, ktrlen);
    237 			break;
    238 		case KTR_MMSG:
    239 			ktrmmsg((struct ktr_mmsg *)m, ktrlen);
    240 			break;
    241 		}
    242 		if (tail)
    243 			(void)fflush(stdout);
    244 	}
    245 	return (0);
    246 }
    247 
    248 int
    249 fread_tail(buf, size, num)
    250 	char *buf;
    251 	int num, size;
    252 {
    253 	int i;
    254 
    255 	while ((i = fread(buf, size, num, stdin)) == 0 && tail) {
    256 		(void)sleep(1);
    257 		clearerr(stdin);
    258 	}
    259 	return (i);
    260 }
    261 
    262 void
    263 dumpheader(kth)
    264 	struct ktr_header *kth;
    265 {
    266 	char unknown[64], *type;
    267 	static struct timeval prevtime;
    268 	struct timeval temp;
    269 
    270 	switch (kth->ktr_type) {
    271 	case KTR_SYSCALL:
    272 		type = "CALL";
    273 		break;
    274 	case KTR_SYSRET:
    275 		type = "RET ";
    276 		break;
    277 	case KTR_NAMEI:
    278 		type = "NAMI";
    279 		break;
    280 	case KTR_GENIO:
    281 		type = "GIO ";
    282 		break;
    283 	case KTR_PSIG:
    284 		type = "PSIG";
    285 		break;
    286 	case KTR_CSW:
    287 		type = "CSW";
    288 		break;
    289 	case KTR_EMUL:
    290 		type = "EMUL";
    291 		break;
    292 	case KTR_USER:
    293 		type = "USER";
    294 		break;
    295 	case KTR_MMSG:
    296 		type = "MMSG";
    297 		break;
    298 	default:
    299 		(void)sprintf(unknown, "UNKNOWN(%d)", kth->ktr_type);
    300 		type = unknown;
    301 	}
    302 
    303 	(void)printf("%6d %-8.*s ", kth->ktr_pid, MAXCOMLEN, kth->ktr_comm);
    304 	if (timestamp) {
    305 		if (timestamp == 2) {
    306 			timersub(&kth->ktr_time, &prevtime, &temp);
    307 			prevtime = kth->ktr_time;
    308 		} else
    309 			temp = kth->ktr_time;
    310 		(void)printf("%ld.%06ld ",
    311 		    (long int)temp.tv_sec, (long int)temp.tv_usec);
    312 	}
    313 	(void)printf("%s  ", type);
    314 }
    315 
    316 void
    317 ioctldecode(cmd)
    318 	u_long cmd;
    319 {
    320 	char dirbuf[4], *dir = dirbuf;
    321 
    322 	if (cmd & IOC_IN)
    323 		*dir++ = 'W';
    324 	if (cmd & IOC_OUT)
    325 		*dir++ = 'R';
    326 	*dir = '\0';
    327 
    328 	printf(decimal ? ",_IO%s('%c',%ld" : ",_IO%s('%c',%#lx",
    329 	    dirbuf, (int) ((cmd >> 8) & 0xff), cmd & 0xff);
    330 	if ((cmd & IOC_VOID) == 0)
    331 		printf(decimal ? ",%ld)" : ",%#lx)", (cmd >> 16) & 0xff);
    332 	else
    333 		printf(")");
    334 }
    335 
    336 void
    337 ktrsyscall(ktr)
    338 	struct ktr_syscall *ktr;
    339 {
    340 	int argsize = ktr->ktr_argsize;
    341 	const struct emulation *revelant = current;
    342 	register_t *ap;
    343 
    344 	if (((ktr->ktr_code >= revelant->nsysnames || ktr->ktr_code < 0)
    345 	    && (mach_traps_dispatch(&ktr->ktr_code, &revelant) == 0)) ||
    346 	    numeric)
    347 		(void)printf("[%d]", ktr->ktr_code);
    348 	else
    349 		(void)printf("%s", revelant->sysnames[ktr->ktr_code]);
    350 	ap = (register_t *)((char *)ktr + sizeof(struct ktr_syscall));
    351 	if (argsize) {
    352 		char c = '(';
    353 		if (!plain) {
    354 			char *cp;
    355 
    356 			switch (ktr->ktr_code) {
    357 			case SYS_ioctl:
    358 				if (decimal)
    359 					(void)printf("(%ld", (long)*ap);
    360 				else
    361 					(void)printf("(%#lx", (long)*ap);
    362 				ap++;
    363 				argsize -= sizeof(register_t);
    364 				if ((cp = ioctlname(*ap)) != NULL)
    365 					(void)printf(",%s", cp);
    366 				else
    367 					ioctldecode(*ap);
    368 				c = ',';
    369 				ap++;
    370 				argsize -= sizeof(register_t);
    371 				break;
    372 
    373 			case SYS_ptrace:
    374 				if (strcmp(revelant->name, "linux") == 0) {
    375 				  if (*ap >= 0 && *ap <=
    376 				      sizeof(linux_ptrace_ops) /
    377 				      sizeof(linux_ptrace_ops[0]))
    378 					(void)printf("(%s",
    379 					    linux_ptrace_ops[*ap]);
    380 				  else
    381 					(void)printf("(%ld", (long)*ap);
    382 				} else {
    383 				  if (*ap >= 0 && *ap <=
    384 				    sizeof(ptrace_ops) / sizeof(ptrace_ops[0]))
    385 					(void)printf("(%s", ptrace_ops[*ap]);
    386 				  else
    387 					(void)printf("(%ld", (long)*ap);
    388 				}
    389 				c = ',';
    390 				ap++;
    391 				argsize -= sizeof(register_t);
    392 				break;
    393 
    394 			case SYS_kill:
    395 				if (decimal)
    396 					(void)printf("(%ld, SIG%s",
    397 					    (long)ap[0], signame(ap[1], 1));
    398 				else
    399 					(void)printf("(%#lx, SIG%s",
    400 					    (long)ap[0], signame(ap[1], 1));
    401 				ap += 2;
    402 				argsize -= 2 * sizeof(register_t);
    403 				break;
    404 
    405 			default:
    406 				/* No special handling */
    407 				break;
    408 			}
    409 		}
    410 		while (argsize) {
    411 			if (decimal)
    412 				(void)printf("%c%ld", c, (long)*ap);
    413 			else
    414 				(void)printf("%c%#lx", c, (long)*ap);
    415 			c = ',';
    416 			ap++;
    417 			argsize -= sizeof(register_t);
    418 		}
    419 		(void)putchar(')');
    420 	}
    421 	(void)putchar('\n');
    422 }
    423 
    424 void
    425 ktrsysret(ktr)
    426 	struct ktr_sysret *ktr;
    427 {
    428 	const struct emulation *revelant;
    429 	register_t ret = ktr->ktr_retval;
    430 	int error = ktr->ktr_error;
    431 	int code = ktr->ktr_code;
    432 
    433 	if (emul_changed)
    434 		revelant = previous;
    435 	else
    436 		revelant = current;
    437 	emul_changed = 0;
    438 
    439 	if ((code >= revelant->nsysnames || code < 0 || plain > 1)
    440 	    && (mach_traps_dispatch(&code, &revelant) == 0))
    441 		(void)printf("[%d] ", code);
    442 	else
    443 		(void)printf("%s ", revelant->sysnames[code]);
    444 
    445 	switch (error) {
    446 	case 0:
    447 		if (!plain) {
    448 			(void)printf("%ld", (long)ret);
    449 			if (ret < 0 || ret > 9)
    450 				(void)printf("/%#lx", (long)ret);
    451 		} else {
    452 			if (decimal)
    453 				(void)printf("%ld", (long)ret);
    454 			else
    455 				(void)printf("%#lx", (long)ret);
    456 		}
    457 		break;
    458 
    459 	default:
    460 		eprint(error);
    461 		break;
    462 	}
    463 	(void)putchar('\n');
    464 }
    465 
    466 /*
    467  * We print the original emulation's error numerically, but we
    468  * translate it to netbsd to print it symbolically.
    469  */
    470 void
    471 eprint(e)
    472 	int e;
    473 {
    474 	int i = e;
    475 
    476 	if (current->errnomap) {
    477 
    478 		/* No remapping for ERESTART and EJUSTRETURN */
    479 		/* Kludge for linux that has negative error numbers */
    480 		if (current->errnomap[2] > 0 && e < 0)
    481 			goto normal;
    482 
    483 		for (i = 0; i < current->nerrnomap; i++)
    484 			if (e == current->errnomap[i])
    485 				break;
    486 
    487 		if (i == current->nerrnomap) {
    488 			printf("-1 unknown errno %d", e);
    489 			return;
    490 		}
    491 	}
    492 
    493 normal:
    494 	switch (i) {
    495 	case ERESTART:
    496 		(void)printf("RESTART");
    497 		break;
    498 
    499 	case EJUSTRETURN:
    500 		(void)printf("JUSTRETURN");
    501 		break;
    502 
    503 	default:
    504 		(void)printf("-1 errno %d", e);
    505 		if (!plain)
    506 			(void)printf(" %s", strerror(i));
    507 	}
    508 }
    509 
    510 void
    511 ktrnamei(cp, len)
    512 	char *cp;
    513 	int len;
    514 {
    515 
    516 	(void)printf("\"%.*s\"\n", len, cp);
    517 }
    518 
    519 void
    520 ktremul(name, len, bufsize)
    521 	char *name;
    522 	int len, bufsize;
    523 {
    524 	if (len >= bufsize)
    525 		len = bufsize - 1;
    526 
    527 	name[len] = '\0';
    528 	setemul(name, ktr_header.ktr_pid, 1);
    529 	emul_changed = 1;
    530 
    531 	(void)printf("\"%s\"\n", name);
    532 }
    533 
    534 void
    535 ktrgenio(ktr, len)
    536 	struct ktr_genio *ktr;
    537 	int len;
    538 {
    539 	int datalen = len - sizeof (struct ktr_genio);
    540 	char *dp = (char *)ktr + sizeof (struct ktr_genio);
    541 	char *cp;
    542 	int col = 0;
    543 	int width;
    544 	char visbuf[5];
    545 	static int screenwidth = 0;
    546 
    547 	if (screenwidth == 0) {
    548 		struct winsize ws;
    549 
    550 		if (!plain && ioctl(fileno(stderr), TIOCGWINSZ, &ws) != -1 &&
    551 		    ws.ws_col > 8)
    552 			screenwidth = ws.ws_col;
    553 		else
    554 			screenwidth = 80;
    555 	}
    556 	printf("fd %d %s %d bytes\n", ktr->ktr_fd,
    557 		ktr->ktr_rw == UIO_READ ? "read" : "wrote", datalen);
    558 	if (maxdata && datalen > maxdata)
    559 		datalen = maxdata;
    560 	(void)printf("       \"");
    561 	col = 8;
    562 	for (; datalen > 0; datalen--, dp++) {
    563 		(void) vis(visbuf, *dp, VIS_CSTYLE, datalen>1?*(dp+1):0);
    564 		cp = visbuf;
    565 		/*
    566 		 * Keep track of printables and
    567 		 * space chars (like fold(1)).
    568 		 */
    569 		if (col == 0) {
    570 			(void)putchar('\t');
    571 			col = 8;
    572 		}
    573 		switch(*cp) {
    574 		case '\n':
    575 			col = 0;
    576 			(void)putchar('\n');
    577 			continue;
    578 		case '\t':
    579 			width = 8 - (col&07);
    580 			break;
    581 		default:
    582 			width = strlen(cp);
    583 		}
    584 		if (col + width > (screenwidth-2)) {
    585 			(void)printf("\\\n\t");
    586 			col = 8;
    587 		}
    588 		col += width;
    589 		do {
    590 			(void)putchar(*cp++);
    591 		} while (*cp);
    592 	}
    593 	if (col == 0)
    594 		(void)printf("       ");
    595 	(void)printf("\"\n");
    596 }
    597 
    598 void
    599 ktrpsig(psig)
    600 	struct ktr_psig *psig;
    601 {
    602 	int signo, first;
    603 
    604 	(void)printf("SIG%s ", signame(psig->signo, 0));
    605 	if (psig->action == SIG_DFL)
    606 		(void)printf("SIG_DFL\n");
    607 	else {
    608 		(void)printf("caught handler=0x%lx mask=(",
    609 		    (u_long)psig->action);
    610 		first = 1;
    611 		for (signo = 1; signo < NSIG; signo++) {
    612 			if (sigismember(&psig->mask, signo)) {
    613 				if (first)
    614 					first = 0;
    615 				else
    616 					(void)printf(",");
    617 				(void)printf("%d", signo);
    618 			}
    619 		}
    620 		(void)printf(") code=0x%x\n", psig->code);
    621 	}
    622 }
    623 
    624 void
    625 ktrcsw(cs)
    626 	struct ktr_csw *cs;
    627 {
    628 
    629 	(void)printf("%s %s\n", cs->out ? "stop" : "resume",
    630 	    cs->user ? "user" : "kernel");
    631 }
    632 
    633 void
    634 ktruser(usr, len)
    635 	struct ktr_user *usr;
    636 	int len;
    637 {
    638 	int i;
    639 	unsigned char *dta;
    640 
    641 	printf("\"%.*s: %d, ", KTR_USER_MAXIDLEN, usr->ktr_id, len);
    642 	dta = (unsigned char *)usr;
    643 	for(i=sizeof(struct ktr_user); i < len; i++)
    644 		printf("%02x", (unsigned int) dta[i]);
    645 	printf("\"\n");
    646 }
    647 
    648 void
    649 ktrmmsg(mmsg, len)
    650 	struct ktr_mmsg *mmsg;
    651 	int len;
    652 {
    653 	int i,j;
    654 	unsigned char *data;
    655 	int row_len = 16;
    656 	int aligned_len;
    657 
    658 	printf("id %d [0x%x -> 0x%x] %d bytes, flags 0x%x",
    659 	    mmsg->ktr_id, mmsg->ktr_local_port,
    660 	    mmsg->ktr_remote_port, mmsg->ktr_size, mmsg->ktr_bits);
    661 
    662 	data = (unsigned char *)mmsg;
    663 	aligned_len = (len & ~(row_len - 1)) + row_len;
    664 	for (i = 0; i < aligned_len; i += row_len) {
    665 		printf("\n\t0x%04x  ", i);
    666 
    667 		for (j = 0; j < row_len; j += sizeof(int))
    668 			if ((i + j) < len)
    669 				printf("0x%08x ", *((int *)&data[i + j]));
    670 			else
    671 				printf("           ");
    672 
    673 		printf("  ");
    674 
    675 		for (j = 0; j < row_len; j++) {
    676 			if ((i + j) < len) {
    677 				if (isprint(data[i + j]))
    678 					printf("%c", data[i + j]);
    679 				else
    680 					printf(".");
    681 			} else {
    682 				printf(" ");
    683 			}
    684 		}
    685 	}
    686 
    687 	if (aligned_len != sizeof(struct ktr_mmsg))
    688 		printf("\n");
    689 }
    690 
    691 static const char *
    692 signame(long sig, int xlat)
    693 {
    694 	static char buf[64];
    695 	if (sig == 0)
    696 		return " 0";
    697 	else if (sig < 0 || sig >= NSIG) {
    698 		(void)snprintf(buf, sizeof(buf), "*unknown %ld*", sig);
    699 		return buf;
    700 	} else
    701 		return sys_signame[(xlat && current->signalmap != NULL) ?
    702 		    current->signalmap[sig] : sig];
    703 }
    704 
    705 void
    706 usage()
    707 {
    708 
    709 	(void)fprintf(stderr, "usage: kdump [-dlNnRT] [-e emulation] "
    710 	   "[-f file] [-m maxdata] [-p pid]\n             [-t trstr] "
    711 	   "[file]\n");
    712 	exit(1);
    713 }
    714