xref: /src/usr.bin/make/dir.c

/*	$NetBSD: dir.c,v 1.225 2020/11/28 22:56:01 rillig Exp $	*/

/*
 * Copyright (c) 1988, 1989, 1990 The Regents of the University of California.
 * All rights reserved.
 *
 * This code is derived from software contributed to Berkeley by
 * Adam de Boor.
 *
 * Redistribution and use in source and binary forms, with or without
 * modification, are permitted provided that the following conditions
 * are met:
 * 1. Redistributions of source code must retain the above copyright
 *    notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer.
 * 2. Redistributions in binary form must reproduce the above copyright
 *    notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer in the
 *    documentation and/or other materials provided with the distribution.
 * 3. Neither the name of the University nor the names of its contributors
 *    may be used to endorse or promote products derived from this software
 *    without specific prior written permission.
 *
 * THIS SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED BY THE REGENTS AND CONTRIBUTORS ``AS IS'' AND
 * ANY EXPRESS OR IMPLIED WARRANTIES, INCLUDING, BUT NOT LIMITED TO, THE
 * IMPLIED WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY AND FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE
 * ARE DISCLAIMED.  IN NO EVENT SHALL THE REGENTS OR CONTRIBUTORS BE LIABLE
 * FOR ANY DIRECT, INDIRECT, INCIDENTAL, SPECIAL, EXEMPLARY, OR CONSEQUENTIAL
 * DAMAGES (INCLUDING, BUT NOT LIMITED TO, PROCUREMENT OF SUBSTITUTE GOODS
 * OR SERVICES; LOSS OF USE, DATA, OR PROFITS; OR BUSINESS INTERRUPTION)
 * HOWEVER CAUSED AND ON ANY THEORY OF LIABILITY, WHETHER IN CONTRACT, STRICT
 * LIABILITY, OR TORT (INCLUDING NEGLIGENCE OR OTHERWISE) ARISING IN ANY WAY
 * OUT OF THE USE OF THIS SOFTWARE, EVEN IF ADVISED OF THE POSSIBILITY OF
 * SUCH DAMAGE.
 */

/*
 * Copyright (c) 1988, 1989 by Adam de Boor
 * Copyright (c) 1989 by Berkeley Softworks
 * All rights reserved.
 *
 * This code is derived from software contributed to Berkeley by
 * Adam de Boor.
 *
 * Redistribution and use in source and binary forms, with or without
 * modification, are permitted provided that the following conditions
 * are met:
 * 1. Redistributions of source code must retain the above copyright
 *    notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer.
 * 2. Redistributions in binary form must reproduce the above copyright
 *    notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer in the
 *    documentation and/or other materials provided with the distribution.
 * 3. All advertising materials mentioning features or use of this software
 *    must display the following acknowledgement:
 *	This product includes software developed by the University of
 *	California, Berkeley and its contributors.
 * 4. Neither the name of the University nor the names of its contributors
 *    may be used to endorse or promote products derived from this software
 *    without specific prior written permission.
 *
 * THIS SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED BY THE REGENTS AND CONTRIBUTORS ``AS IS'' AND
 * ANY EXPRESS OR IMPLIED WARRANTIES, INCLUDING, BUT NOT LIMITED TO, THE
 * IMPLIED WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY AND FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE
 * ARE DISCLAIMED.  IN NO EVENT SHALL THE REGENTS OR CONTRIBUTORS BE LIABLE
 * FOR ANY DIRECT, INDIRECT, INCIDENTAL, SPECIAL, EXEMPLARY, OR CONSEQUENTIAL
 * DAMAGES (INCLUDING, BUT NOT LIMITED TO, PROCUREMENT OF SUBSTITUTE GOODS
 * OR SERVICES; LOSS OF USE, DATA, OR PROFITS; OR BUSINESS INTERRUPTION)
 * HOWEVER CAUSED AND ON ANY THEORY OF LIABILITY, WHETHER IN CONTRACT, STRICT
 * LIABILITY, OR TORT (INCLUDING NEGLIGENCE OR OTHERWISE) ARISING IN ANY WAY
 * OUT OF THE USE OF THIS SOFTWARE, EVEN IF ADVISED OF THE POSSIBILITY OF
 * SUCH DAMAGE.
 */

/* Directory searching using wildcards and/or normal names.
 * Used both for source wildcarding in the makefile and for finding
 * implicit sources.
 *
 * The interface for this module is:
 *	Dir_Init	Initialize the module.
 *
 *	Dir_InitCur	Set the cur CachedDir.
 *
 *	Dir_InitDot	Set the dot CachedDir.
 *
 *	Dir_End		Clean up the module.
 *
 *	Dir_SetPATH	Set ${.PATH} to reflect state of dirSearchPath.
 *
 *	Dir_HasWildcards
 *			Returns TRUE if the name given it needs to
 *			be wildcard-expanded.
 *
 *	Dir_Expand	Given a pattern and a path, return a Lst of names
 *			which match the pattern on the search path.
 *
 *	Dir_FindFile	Searches for a file on a given search path.
 *			If it exists, the entire path is returned.
 *			Otherwise NULL is returned.
 *
 *	Dir_FindHereOrAbove
 *			Search for a path in the current directory and
 *			then all the directories above it in turn until
 *			the path is found or we reach the root ("/").
 *
 *	Dir_UpdateMTime
 *			Update the modification time and path of a node with
 *			data from the file corresponding to the node.
 *
 *	Dir_AddDir	Add a directory to a search path.
 *
 *	SearchPath_ToFlags
 *			Given a search path and a command flag, create
 *			a string with each of the directories in the path
 *			preceded by the command flag and all of them
 *			separated by a space.
 *
 *	Dir_Destroy	Destroy an element of a search path. Frees up all
 *			things that can be freed for the element as long
 *			as the element is no longer referenced by any other
 *			search path.
 *
 *	SearchPath_Clear
 *			Resets a search path to the empty list.
 *
 * For debugging:
 *	Dir_PrintDirectories
 *			Print stats about the directory cache.
 */

#include <sys/types.h>
#include <sys/stat.h>

#include <dirent.h>
#include <errno.h>

#include "make.h"
#include "dir.h"
#include "job.h"

/*	"@(#)dir.c	8.2 (Berkeley) 1/2/94"	*/
MAKE_RCSID("$NetBSD: dir.c,v 1.225 2020/11/28 22:56:01 rillig Exp $");

#define DIR_DEBUG0(text) DEBUG0(DIR, text)
#define DIR_DEBUG1(fmt, arg1) DEBUG1(DIR, fmt, arg1)
#define DIR_DEBUG2(fmt, arg1, arg2) DEBUG2(DIR, fmt, arg1, arg2)

/* A search path is a list of CachedDir structures. A CachedDir has in it the
 * name of the directory and the names of all the files in the directory.
 * This is used to cut down on the number of system calls necessary to find
 * implicit dependents and their like. Since these searches are made before
 * any actions are taken, we need not worry about the directory changing due
 * to creation commands. If this hampers the style of some makefiles, they
 * must be changed.
 *
 * All previously-read directories are kept in openDirs, which is checked
 * first before a directory is opened.
 *
 * The need for the caching of whole directories is brought about by the
 * multi-level transformation code in suff.c, which tends to search for far
 * more files than regular make does. In the initial implementation, the
 * amount of time spent performing "stat" calls was truly astronomical.
 * The problem with caching at the start is, of course, that pmake doesn't
 * then detect changes to these directories during the course of the make.
 * Three possibilities suggest themselves:
 *
 * 1)	just use stat to test for a file's existence. As mentioned above,
 *	this is very inefficient due to the number of checks engendered by
 *	the multi-level transformation code.
 *
 * 2)	use readdir() and company to search the directories, keeping them
 *	open between checks. I have tried this and while it didn't slow down
 *	the process too much, it could severely affect the amount of
 *	parallelism available as each directory open would take another file
 *	descriptor out of play for handling I/O for another job. Given that
 *	it is only recently (as of 1993 or earlier) that UNIX OS's have taken
 *	to allowing more than 20 or 32 file descriptors for a process, this
 *	doesn't seem acceptable to me.
 *
 * 3)	record the mtime of the directory in the CachedDir structure and
 *	verify the directory hasn't changed since the contents were cached.
 *	This will catch the creation or deletion of files, but not the
 *	updating of files. However, since it is the creation and deletion
 *	that is the problem, this could be a good thing to do. Unfortunately,
 *	if the directory (say ".") were fairly large and changed fairly
 *	frequently, the constant reloading could seriously degrade
 *	performance. It might be good in such cases to keep track of the
 *	number of reloadings and if the number goes over a (small) limit,
 *	resort to using stat in its place.
 *
 * An additional thing to consider is that pmake is used primarily to create
 * C programs and until recently (as of 1993 or earlier) pcc-based compilers
 * refused to allow you to specify where the resulting object file should be
 * placed. This forced all objects to be created in the current directory.
 * This isn't meant as a full excuse, just an explanation of some of the
 * reasons for the caching used here.
 *
 * One more note: the location of a target's file is only performed on the
 * downward traversal of the graph and then only for terminal nodes in the
 * graph. This could be construed as wrong in some cases, but prevents
 * inadvertent modification of files when the "installed" directory for a
 * file is provided in the search path.
 *
 * Another data structure maintained by this module is an mtime cache used
 * when the searching of cached directories fails to find a file. In the past,
 * Dir_FindFile would simply perform an access() call in such a case to
 * determine if the file could be found using just the name given. When this
 * hit, however, all that was gained was the knowledge that the file existed.
 * Given that an access() is essentially a stat() without the copyout() call,
 * and that the same filesystem overhead would have to be incurred in
 * Dir_MTime, it made sense to replace the access() with a stat() and record
 * the mtime in a cache for when Dir_UpdateMTime was actually called.
 */

typedef List CachedDirList;
typedef ListNode CachedDirListNode;

typedef ListNode SearchPathNode;

SearchPath *dirSearchPath;	/* main search path */

/* A list of cached directories, with fast lookup by directory name. */
typedef struct OpenDirs {
	CachedDirList *list;
	HashTable /* of CachedDirListNode */ table;
} OpenDirs;

static void
OpenDirs_Init(OpenDirs *odirs)
{
	odirs->list = Lst_New();
	HashTable_Init(&odirs->table);
}

static void Dir_Destroy(void *);

#ifdef CLEANUP
static void
OpenDirs_Done(OpenDirs *odirs)
{
	CachedDirListNode *ln = odirs->list->first;
	while (ln != NULL) {
		CachedDirListNode *next = ln->next;
		CachedDir *dir = ln->datum;
		Dir_Destroy(dir);	/* removes the dir from odirs->list */
		ln = next;
	}
	Lst_Free(odirs->list);
	HashTable_Done(&odirs->table);
}
#endif

static CachedDir *
OpenDirs_Find(OpenDirs *odirs, const char *name)
{
	CachedDirListNode *ln = HashTable_FindValue(&odirs->table, name);
	return ln != NULL ? ln->datum : NULL;
}

static void
OpenDirs_Add(OpenDirs *odirs, CachedDir *cdir)
{
	if (HashTable_FindEntry(&odirs->table, cdir->name) != NULL)
		return;
	Lst_Append(odirs->list, cdir);
	HashTable_Set(&odirs->table, cdir->name, odirs->list->last);
}

static void
OpenDirs_Remove(OpenDirs *odirs, const char *name)
{
	HashEntry *he = HashTable_FindEntry(&odirs->table, name);
	CachedDirListNode *ln;
	if (he == NULL)
		return;
	ln = HashEntry_Get(he);
	HashTable_DeleteEntry(&odirs->table, he);
	Lst_Remove(odirs->list, ln);
}

static OpenDirs openDirs;	/* all cached directories */

/*
 * Variables for gathering statistics on the efficiency of the caching
 * mechanism.
 */
static int hits;		/* Found in directory cache */
static int misses;		/* Sad, but not evil misses */
static int nearmisses;		/* Found under search path */
static int bigmisses;		/* Sought by itself */

static CachedDir *dot;		/* contents of current directory */
static CachedDir *cur;		/* contents of current directory, if not dot */
static CachedDir *dotLast;	/* a fake path entry indicating we need to
				 * look for . last */

/* Results of doing a last-resort stat in Dir_FindFile -- if we have to go to
 * the system to find the file, we might as well have its mtime on record.
 *
 * XXX: If this is done way early, there's a chance other rules will have
 * already updated the file, in which case we'll update it again. Generally,
 * there won't be two rules to update a single file, so this should be ok,
 * but... */
static HashTable mtimes;

static HashTable lmtimes;	/* same as mtimes but for lstat */

typedef enum CachedStatsFlags {
	CST_NONE	= 0,
	CST_LSTAT	= 1 << 0,	/* call lstat(2) instead of stat(2) */
	CST_UPDATE	= 1 << 1	/* ignore existing cached entry */
} CachedStatsFlags;

/* Returns 0 and the result of stat(2) or lstat(2) in *out_cst,
 * or -1 on error. */
static int
cached_stats(const char *pathname, struct cached_stat *out_cst,
	     CachedStatsFlags flags)
{
	HashTable *tbl = flags & CST_LSTAT ? &lmtimes : &mtimes;
	struct stat sys_st;
	struct cached_stat *cst;
	int rc;

	if (pathname == NULL || pathname[0] == '\0')
		return -1;	/* This can happen in meta mode. */

	cst = HashTable_FindValue(tbl, pathname);
	if (cst != NULL && !(flags & CST_UPDATE)) {
		*out_cst = *cst;
		DIR_DEBUG2("Using cached time %s for %s\n",
			   Targ_FmtTime(cst->cst_mtime), pathname);
		return 0;
	}

	rc = (flags & CST_LSTAT ? lstat : stat)(pathname, &sys_st);
	if (rc == -1)
		return -1;	/* don't cache negative lookups */

	if (sys_st.st_mtime == 0)
		sys_st.st_mtime = 1; /* avoid confusion with missing file */

	if (cst == NULL) {
		cst = bmake_malloc(sizeof *cst);
		HashTable_Set(tbl, pathname, cst);
	}

	cst->cst_mtime = sys_st.st_mtime;
	cst->cst_mode = sys_st.st_mode;

	*out_cst = *cst;
	DIR_DEBUG2("   Caching %s for %s\n",
		   Targ_FmtTime(sys_st.st_mtime), pathname);

	return 0;
}

int
cached_stat(const char *pathname, struct cached_stat *cst)
{
	return cached_stats(pathname, cst, CST_NONE);
}

int
cached_lstat(const char *pathname, struct cached_stat *cst)
{
	return cached_stats(pathname, cst, CST_LSTAT);
}

/* Initialize the directories module. */
void
Dir_Init(void)
{
	dirSearchPath = SearchPath_New();
	OpenDirs_Init(&openDirs);
	HashTable_Init(&mtimes);
	HashTable_Init(&lmtimes);
}

void
Dir_InitDir(const char *cdname)
{
	Dir_InitCur(cdname);

	dotLast = bmake_malloc(sizeof *dotLast);
	dotLast->refCount = 1;
	dotLast->hits = 0;
	dotLast->name = bmake_strdup(".DOTLAST");
	HashSet_Init(&dotLast->files);
}

/*
 * Called by Dir_InitDir and whenever .CURDIR is assigned to.
 */
void
Dir_InitCur(const char *cdname)
{
	CachedDir *dir;

	if (cdname == NULL)
		return;

	/*
	 * Our build directory is not the same as our source directory.
	 * Keep this one around too.
	 */
	dir = Dir_AddDir(NULL, cdname);
	if (dir == NULL)
		return;

	/* XXX: Reference counting is wrong here.
	 * If this function is called repeatedly with the same directory name,
	 * its reference count increases each time even though the number of
	 * actual references stays the same. */

	dir->refCount++;
	if (cur != NULL && cur != dir) {
		/*
		 * We've been here before, clean up.
		 */
		cur->refCount--;
		Dir_Destroy(cur);
	}
	cur = dir;
}

/* (Re)initialize "dot" (current/object directory) path hash.
 * Some directories may be opened. */
void
Dir_InitDot(void)
{
	if (dot != NULL) {
		/* Remove old entry from openDirs, but do not destroy. */
		OpenDirs_Remove(&openDirs, dot->name);
	}

	dot = Dir_AddDir(NULL, ".");

	if (dot == NULL) {
		Error("Cannot open `.' (%s)", strerror(errno));
		exit(1);
	}

	/*
	 * We always need to have dot around, so we increment its reference
	 * count to make sure it's not destroyed.
	 */
	dot->refCount++;
	Dir_SetPATH();		/* initialize */
}

/* Clean up the directories module. */
void
Dir_End(void)
{
#ifdef CLEANUP
	if (cur != NULL) {
		cur->refCount--;
		Dir_Destroy(cur);
	}
	dot->refCount--;
	dotLast->refCount--;
	Dir_Destroy(dotLast);
	Dir_Destroy(dot);
	SearchPath_Clear(dirSearchPath);
	Lst_Free(dirSearchPath);
	OpenDirs_Done(&openDirs);
	HashTable_Done(&mtimes);
#endif
}

/*
 * We want ${.PATH} to indicate the order in which we will actually
 * search, so we rebuild it after any .PATH: target.
 * This is the simplest way to deal with the effect of .DOTLAST.
 */
void
Dir_SetPATH(void)
{
	CachedDirListNode *ln;
	Boolean hasLastDot = FALSE;	/* true if we should search dot last */

	Var_Delete(".PATH", VAR_GLOBAL);

	if ((ln = dirSearchPath->first) != NULL) {
		CachedDir *dir = ln->datum;
		if (dir == dotLast) {
			hasLastDot = TRUE;
			Var_Append(".PATH", dotLast->name, VAR_GLOBAL);
		}
	}

	if (!hasLastDot) {
		if (dot != NULL)
			Var_Append(".PATH", dot->name, VAR_GLOBAL);
		if (cur != NULL)
			Var_Append(".PATH", cur->name, VAR_GLOBAL);
	}

	for (ln = dirSearchPath->first; ln != NULL; ln = ln->next) {
		CachedDir *dir = ln->datum;
		if (dir == dotLast)
			continue;
		if (dir == dot && hasLastDot)
			continue;
		Var_Append(".PATH", dir->name, VAR_GLOBAL);
	}

	if (hasLastDot) {
		if (dot != NULL)
			Var_Append(".PATH", dot->name, VAR_GLOBAL);
		if (cur != NULL)
			Var_Append(".PATH", cur->name, VAR_GLOBAL);
	}
}

/* See if the given name has any wildcard characters in it and all braces and
 * brackets are properly balanced.
 *
 * XXX: This code is not 100% correct ([^]] fails etc.). I really don't think
 * that make(1) should be expanding patterns, because then you have to set a
 * mechanism for escaping the expansion!
 *
 * Return TRUE if the word should be expanded, FALSE otherwise.
 */
Boolean
Dir_HasWildcards(const char *name)
{
	const char *p;
	Boolean wild = FALSE;
	int braces = 0, brackets = 0;

	for (p = name; *p != '\0'; p++) {
		switch (*p) {
		case '{':
			braces++;
			wild = TRUE;
			break;
		case '}':
			braces--;
			break;
		case '[':
			brackets++;
			wild = TRUE;
			break;
		case ']':
			brackets--;
			break;
		case '?':
		case '*':
			wild = TRUE;
			break;
		default:
			break;
		}
	}
	return wild && brackets == 0 && braces == 0;
}

/* See if any files match the pattern and add their names to the 'expansions'
 * list if they do.
 *
 * This is incomplete -- wildcards are only expanded in the final path
 * component, but not in directories like src/lib*c/file*.c, but it
 * will do for now (now being 1993 until at least 2020). To expand these,
 * use the ':sh' variable modifier such as in ${:!echo src/lib*c/file*.c!}.
 *
 * Input:
 *	pattern		Pattern to look for
 *	dir		Directory to search
 *	expansion	Place to store the results
 */
static void
DirMatchFiles(const char *pattern, CachedDir *dir, StringList *expansions)
{
	const char *dirName = dir->name;
	Boolean isDot = dirName[0] == '.' && dirName[1] == '\0';
	HashIter hi;

	/*
	 * XXX: Iterating over all hash entries is inefficient.  If the
	 * pattern is a plain string without any wildcards, a direct lookup
	 * is faster.
	 */

	HashIter_InitSet(&hi, &dir->files);
	while (HashIter_Next(&hi) != NULL) {
		const char *base = hi.entry->key;

		if (!Str_Match(base, pattern))
			continue;

		/*
		 * Follow the UNIX convention that dot files are only found
		 * if the pattern begins with a dot. The pattern '.*' does
		 * not match '.' or '..' since these are not included in the
		 * directory cache.
		 *
		 * This means that the pattern '[a-z.]*' does not find
		 * '.file', which is consistent with bash, NetBSD sh and csh.
		 */
		if (base[0] == '.' && pattern[0] != '.')
			continue;

		{
			char *fullName = isDot
					 ? bmake_strdup(base)
					 : str_concat3(dirName, "/", base);
			Lst_Append(expansions, fullName);
		}
	}
}

/* Find the next closing brace in the string, taking nested braces into
 * account. */
static const char *
closing_brace(const char *p)
{
	int nest = 0;
	while (*p != '\0') {
		if (*p == '}' && nest == 0)
			break;
		if (*p == '{')
			nest++;
		if (*p == '}')
			nest--;
		p++;
	}
	return p;
}

/* Find the next closing brace or comma in the string, taking nested braces
 * into account. */
static const char *
separator_comma(const char *p)
{
	int nest = 0;
	while (*p != '\0') {
		if ((*p == '}' || *p == ',') && nest == 0)
			break;
		if (*p == '{')
			nest++;
		if (*p == '}')
			nest--;
		p++;
	}
	return p;
}

static Boolean
contains_wildcard(const char *p)
{
	for (; *p != '\0'; p++) {
		switch (*p) {
		case '*':
		case '?':
		case '{':
		case '[':
			return TRUE;
		}
	}
	return FALSE;
}

static char *
concat3(const char *a, size_t a_len, const char *b, size_t b_len,
	const char *c, size_t c_len)
{
	size_t s_len = a_len + b_len + c_len;
	char *s = bmake_malloc(s_len + 1);
	memcpy(s, a, a_len);
	memcpy(s + a_len, b, b_len);
	memcpy(s + a_len + b_len, c, c_len);
	s[s_len] = '\0';
	return s;
}

/* Expand curly braces like the C shell. Brace expansion by itself is purely
 * textual, the expansions are not looked up in the file system. But if an
 * expanded word contains wildcard characters, it is expanded further,
 * matching only the actually existing files.
 *
 * Example: "{a{b,c}}" expands to "ab" and "ac".
 * Example: "{a}" expands to "a".
 * Example: "{a,*.c}" expands to "a" and all "*.c" files that exist.
 *
 * Input:
 *	word		Entire word to expand
 *	brace		First curly brace in it
 *	path		Search path to use
 *	expansions	Place to store the expansions
 */
static void
DirExpandCurly(const char *word, const char *brace, SearchPath *path,
	       StringList *expansions)
{
	const char *prefix, *middle, *piece, *middle_end, *suffix;
	size_t prefix_len, suffix_len;

	/* Split the word into prefix '{' middle '}' suffix. */

	middle = brace + 1;
	middle_end = closing_brace(middle);
	if (*middle_end == '\0') {
		Error("Unterminated {} clause \"%s\"", middle);
		return;
	}

	prefix = word;
	prefix_len = (size_t)(brace - prefix);
	suffix = middle_end + 1;
	suffix_len = strlen(suffix);

	/* Split the middle into pieces, separated by commas. */

	piece = middle;
	while (piece < middle_end + 1) {
		const char *piece_end = separator_comma(piece);
		size_t piece_len = (size_t)(piece_end - piece);

		char *file = concat3(prefix, prefix_len, piece, piece_len,
				     suffix, suffix_len);

		if (contains_wildcard(file)) {
			Dir_Expand(file, path, expansions);
			free(file);
		} else {
			Lst_Append(expansions, file);
		}

		/* skip over the comma or closing brace */
		piece = piece_end + 1;
	}
}


/* Expand the word in each of the directories from the path. */
static void
DirExpandPath(const char *word, SearchPath *path, StringList *expansions)
{
	SearchPathNode *ln;
	for (ln = path->first; ln != NULL; ln = ln->next) {
		CachedDir *dir = ln->datum;
		DirMatchFiles(word, dir, expansions);
	}
}

static void
PrintExpansions(StringList *expansions)
{
	const char *sep = "";
	StringListNode *ln;
	for (ln = expansions->first; ln != NULL; ln = ln->next) {
		const char *word = ln->datum;
		debug_printf("%s%s", sep, word);
		sep = " ";
	}
	debug_printf("\n");
}

/* Expand the given word into a list of words by globbing it, looking in the
 * directories on the given search path.
 *
 * Input:
 *	word		the word to expand
 *	path		the directories in which to find the files
 *	expansions	the list on which to place the results
 */
void
Dir_Expand(const char *word, SearchPath *path, StringList *expansions)
{
	const char *cp;

	assert(path != NULL);
	assert(expansions != NULL);

	DIR_DEBUG1("Expanding \"%s\"... ", word);

	cp = strchr(word, '{');
	if (cp != NULL) {
		DirExpandCurly(word, cp, path, expansions);
		goto done;
	}

	/* At this point, the word does not contain '{'. */

	cp = strchr(word, '/');
	if (cp == NULL) {
		/* The word has no directory component. */
		/* First the files in dot. */
		DirMatchFiles(word, dot, expansions);

		/* Then the files in every other directory on the path. */
		DirExpandPath(word, path, expansions);
		goto done;
	}

	/* At this point, the word has a directory component. */

	/* Find the first wildcard in the word. */
	for (cp = word; *cp != '\0'; cp++)
		if (*cp == '?' || *cp == '[' || *cp == '*')
			break;

	if (*cp == '\0') {
		/*
		 * No directory component and no wildcard at all -- this
		 * should never happen as in such a simple case there is no
		 * need to expand anything.
		 */
		DirExpandPath(word, path, expansions);
		goto done;
	}

	/* Back up to the start of the component containing the wildcard. */
	/* XXX: This handles '///' and '/' differently. */
	while (cp > word && *cp != '/')
		cp--;

	if (cp == word) {
		/* The first component contains the wildcard. */
		/* Start the search from the local directory */
		DirExpandPath(word, path, expansions);
		goto done;
	}

	{
		char *prefix = bmake_strsedup(word, cp + 1);
		/*
		 * The wildcard isn't in the first component.
		 * Find all the components up to the one with the wildcard.
		 */
		/*
		 * XXX: Check the "the directory is added to the path" part.
		 * It is probably surprising that the directory before a
		 * wildcard gets added to the path.
		 */
		/*
		 * XXX: Only the first match of the prefix in the path is
		 * taken, any others are ignored.  The expectation may be
		 * that the pattern is expanded in the whole path.
		 */
		char *dirpath = Dir_FindFile(prefix, path);
		free(prefix);

		/*
		 * dirpath is null if can't find the leading component
		 * XXX: Dir_FindFile won't find internal components.
		 * i.e. if the path contains ../Etc/Object and we're
		 * looking for Etc, it won't be found. Ah well.
		 * Probably not important.
		 * XXX: Check whether the above comment is still true.
		 */
		if (dirpath != NULL) {
			SearchPath *partPath;

			char *end = &dirpath[strlen(dirpath) - 1];
			/* XXX: What about multiple trailing slashes? */
			if (*end == '/')
				*end = '\0';

			partPath = SearchPath_New();
			(void)Dir_AddDir(partPath, dirpath);
			DirExpandPath(cp + 1, partPath, expansions);
			Lst_Free(partPath);
			/* XXX: Should the dirs in partPath be freed here?
			 * It's not obvious whether to free them or not. */
		}
	}

done:
	if (DEBUG(DIR))
		PrintExpansions(expansions);
}

/* Find if the file with the given name exists in the given path.
 * Return the freshly allocated path to the file, or NULL. */
static char *
DirLookup(CachedDir *dir, const char *base)
{
	char *file;		/* the current filename to check */

	DIR_DEBUG1("   %s ...\n", dir->name);

	if (!HashSet_Contains(&dir->files, base))
		return NULL;

	file = str_concat3(dir->name, "/", base);
	DIR_DEBUG1("   returning %s\n", file);
	dir->hits++;
	hits++;
	return file;
}


/* Find if the file with the given name exists in the given directory.
 * Return the freshly allocated path to the file, or NULL. */
static char *
DirLookupSubdir(CachedDir *dir, const char *name)
{
	struct cached_stat cst;
	char *file = dir == dot ? bmake_strdup(name)
				: str_concat3(dir->name, "/", name);

	DIR_DEBUG1("checking %s ...\n", file);

	if (cached_stat(file, &cst) == 0) {
		nearmisses++;
		return file;
	}
	free(file);
	return NULL;
}

/* Find if the file with the given name exists in the given path.
 * Return the freshly allocated path to the file, the empty string, or NULL.
 * Returning the empty string means that the search should be terminated.
 */
static char *
DirLookupAbs(CachedDir *dir, const char *name, const char *cp)
{
	const char *dnp;	/* pointer into dir->name */
	const char *np;		/* pointer into name */

	DIR_DEBUG1("   %s ...\n", dir->name);

	/*
	 * If the file has a leading path component and that component
	 * exactly matches the entire name of the current search
	 * directory, we can attempt another cache lookup. And if we don't
	 * have a hit, we can safely assume the file does not exist at all.
	 */
	for (dnp = dir->name, np = name;
	     *dnp != '\0' && *dnp == *np; dnp++, np++)
		continue;
	if (*dnp != '\0' || np != cp - 1)
		return NULL;

	if (!HashSet_Contains(&dir->files, cp)) {
		DIR_DEBUG0("   must be here but isn't -- returning\n");
		return bmake_strdup("");	/* to terminate the search */
	}

	dir->hits++;
	hits++;
	DIR_DEBUG1("   returning %s\n", name);
	return bmake_strdup(name);
}

/* Find the file given on "." or curdir.
 * Return the freshly allocated path to the file, or NULL. */
static char *
DirFindDot(const char *name, const char *base)
{

	if (HashSet_Contains(&dot->files, base)) {
		DIR_DEBUG0("   in '.'\n");
		hits++;
		dot->hits++;
		return bmake_strdup(name);
	}

	if (cur != NULL && HashSet_Contains(&cur->files, base)) {
		DIR_DEBUG1("   in ${.CURDIR} = %s\n", cur->name);
		hits++;
		cur->hits++;
		return str_concat3(cur->name, "/", base);
	}

	return NULL;
}

/* Find the file with the given name along the given search path.
 *
 * If the file is found in a directory that is not on the path
 * already (either 'name' is absolute or it is a relative path
 * [ dir1/.../dirn/file ] which exists below one of the directories
 * already on the search path), its directory is added to the end
 * of the path, on the assumption that there will be more files in
 * that directory later on. Sometimes this is true. Sometimes not.
 *
 * Input:
 *	name		the file to find
 *	path		the directories to search, or NULL
 *
 * Results:
 *	The freshly allocated path to the file, or NULL.
 */
char *
Dir_FindFile(const char *name, SearchPath *path)
{
	char *file;		/* the current filename to check */
	const char *base;	/* Terminal name of file */
	Boolean hasLastDot = FALSE; /* true if we should search dot last */
	Boolean hasSlash;	/* true if 'name' contains a / */
	struct cached_stat cst;	/* Buffer for stat, if necessary */
	const char *trailing_dot = ".";

	/*
	 * Find the final component of the name and note whether it has a
	 * slash in it (the name, I mean)
	 */
	base = strrchr(name, '/');
	if (base != NULL) {
		hasSlash = TRUE;
		base++;
	} else {
		hasSlash = FALSE;
		base = name;
	}

	DIR_DEBUG1("Searching for %s ...", name);

	if (path == NULL) {
		DIR_DEBUG0("couldn't open path, file not found\n");
		misses++;
		return NULL;
	}

	if (path->first != NULL) {
		CachedDir *dir = path->first->datum;
		if (dir == dotLast) {
			hasLastDot = TRUE;
			DIR_DEBUG0("[dot last]...");
		}
	}
	DIR_DEBUG0("\n");

	/*
	 * If there's no leading directory components or if the leading
	 * directory component is exactly `./', consult the cached contents
	 * of each of the directories on the search path.
	 */
	if (!hasSlash || (base - name == 2 && *name == '.')) {
		SearchPathNode *ln;

		/*
		 * We look through all the directories on the path seeking one
		 * which contains the final component of the given name.  If
		 * such a beast is found, we concatenate the directory name
		 * and the final component and return the resulting string.
		 * If we don't find any such thing, we go on to phase two.
		 *
		 * No matter what, we always look for the file in the current
		 * directory before anywhere else (unless we found the magic
		 * DOTLAST path, in which case we search it last) and we *do
		 * not* add the ./ to it if it exists.
		 * This is so there are no conflicts between what the user
		 * specifies (fish.c) and what pmake finds (./fish.c).
		 */
		if (!hasLastDot && (file = DirFindDot(name, base)) != NULL)
			return file;

		for (ln = path->first; ln != NULL; ln = ln->next) {
			CachedDir *dir = ln->datum;
			if (dir == dotLast)
				continue;
			if ((file = DirLookup(dir, base)) != NULL)
				return file;
		}

		if (hasLastDot && (file = DirFindDot(name, base)) != NULL)
			return file;
	}

	/*
	 * We didn't find the file on any directory in the search path.
	 * If the name doesn't contain a slash, that means it doesn't exist.
	 * If it *does* contain a slash, however, there is still hope: it
	 * could be in a subdirectory of one of the members of the search
	 * path. (eg. /usr/include and sys/types.h. The above search would
	 * fail to turn up types.h in /usr/include, but it *is* in
	 * /usr/include/sys/types.h).
	 * [ This no longer applies: If we find such a beast, we assume there
	 * will be more (what else can we assume?) and add all but the last
	 * component of the resulting name onto the search path (at the
	 * end).]
	 * This phase is only performed if the file is *not* absolute.
	 */
	if (!hasSlash) {
		DIR_DEBUG0("   failed.\n");
		misses++;
		return NULL;
	}

	if (*base == '\0') {
		/* we were given a trailing "/" */
		base = trailing_dot;
	}

	if (name[0] != '/') {
		SearchPathNode *ln;
		Boolean checkedDot = FALSE;

		DIR_DEBUG0("   Trying subdirectories...\n");

		if (!hasLastDot) {
			if (dot != NULL) {
				checkedDot = TRUE;
				if ((file = DirLookupSubdir(dot, name)) != NULL)
					return file;
			}
			if (cur && (file = DirLookupSubdir(cur, name)) != NULL)
				return file;
		}

		for (ln = path->first; ln != NULL; ln = ln->next) {
			CachedDir *dir = ln->datum;
			if (dir == dotLast)
				continue;
			if (dir == dot) {
				if (checkedDot)
					continue;
				checkedDot = TRUE;
			}
			if ((file = DirLookupSubdir(dir, name)) != NULL)
				return file;
		}

		if (hasLastDot) {
			if (dot && !checkedDot) {
				checkedDot = TRUE;
				if ((file = DirLookupSubdir(dot, name)) != NULL)
					return file;
			}
			if (cur && (file = DirLookupSubdir(cur, name)) != NULL)
				return file;
		}

		if (checkedDot) {
			/*
			 * Already checked by the given name, since . was in
			 * the path, so no point in proceeding.
			 */
			DIR_DEBUG0("   Checked . already, returning NULL\n");
			return NULL;
		}

	} else { /* name[0] == '/' */
		SearchPathNode *ln;

		/*
		 * For absolute names, compare directory path prefix against
		 * the the directory path of each member on the search path
		 * for an exact match. If we have an exact match on any member
		 * of the search path, use the cached contents of that member
		 * to lookup the final file component. If that lookup fails we
		 * can safely assume that the file does not exist at all.
		 * This is signified by DirLookupAbs() returning an empty
		 * string.
		 */
		DIR_DEBUG0("   Trying exact path matches...\n");

		if (!hasLastDot && cur &&
		    ((file = DirLookupAbs(cur, name, base)) != NULL)) {
			if (file[0] == '\0') {
				free(file);
				return NULL;
			}
			return file;
		}

		for (ln = path->first; ln != NULL; ln = ln->next) {
			CachedDir *dir = ln->datum;
			if (dir == dotLast)
				continue;
			if ((file = DirLookupAbs(dir, name, base)) != NULL) {
				if (file[0] == '\0') {
					free(file);
					return NULL;
				}
				return file;
			}
		}

		if (hasLastDot && cur &&
		    ((file = DirLookupAbs(cur, name, base)) != NULL)) {
			if (file[0] == '\0') {
				free(file);
				return NULL;
			}
			return file;
		}
	}

	/*
	 * Didn't find it that way, either. Sigh. Phase 3. Add its directory
	 * onto the search path in any case, just in case, then look for the
	 * thing in the hash table. If we find it, grand. We return a new
	 * copy of the name. Otherwise we sadly return a NULL pointer. Sigh.
	 * Note that if the directory holding the file doesn't exist, this
	 * will do an extra search of the final directory on the path. Unless
	 * something weird happens, this search won't succeed and life will
	 * be groovy.
	 *
	 * Sigh. We cannot add the directory onto the search path because
	 * of this amusing case:
	 * $(INSTALLDIR)/$(FILE): $(FILE)
	 *
	 * $(FILE) exists in $(INSTALLDIR) but not in the current one.
	 * When searching for $(FILE), we will find it in $(INSTALLDIR)
	 * b/c we added it here. This is not good...
	 */
#if 0
	{
		CachedDir *dir;
		char *prefix;

		if (base == trailing_dot) {
			base = strrchr(name, '/');
			base++;
		}
		prefix = bmake_strsedup(name, base - 1);
		(void)Dir_AddDir(path, prefix);
		free(prefix);

		bigmisses++;
		if (path->last == NULL)
			return NULL;

		dir = path->last->datum;
		if (HashSet_Contains(&dir->files, base))
			return bmake_strdup(name);
		return NULL;
	}
#else
	DIR_DEBUG1("   Looking for \"%s\" ...\n", name);

	bigmisses++;
	if (cached_stat(name, &cst) == 0) {
		return bmake_strdup(name);
	}

	DIR_DEBUG0("   failed. Returning NULL\n");
	return NULL;
#endif
}


/* Search for a path starting at a given directory and then working our way
 * up towards the root.
 *
 * Input:
 *	here		starting directory
 *	search_path	the relative path we are looking for
 *
 * Results:
 *	The found path, or NULL.
 */
char *
Dir_FindHereOrAbove(const char *here, const char *search_path)
{
	struct cached_stat cst;
	char *dirbase, *dirbase_end;
	char *try, *try_end;

	/* copy out our starting point */
	dirbase = bmake_strdup(here);
	dirbase_end = dirbase + strlen(dirbase);

	/* loop until we determine a result */
	for (;;) {

		/* try and stat(2) it ... */
		try = str_concat3(dirbase, "/", search_path);
		if (cached_stat(try, &cst) != -1) {
			/*
			 * success!  if we found a file, chop off
			 * the filename so we return a directory.
			 */
			if ((cst.cst_mode & S_IFMT) != S_IFDIR) {
				try_end = try + strlen(try);
				while (try_end > try && *try_end != '/')
					try_end--;
				if (try_end > try)
					*try_end = '\0';	/* chop! */
			}

			free(dirbase);
			return try;
		}
		free(try);

		/*
		 * nope, we didn't find it.  if we used up dirbase we've
		 * reached the root and failed.
		 */
		if (dirbase_end == dirbase)
			break;	/* failed! */

		/*
		 * truncate dirbase from the end to move up a dir
		 */
		while (dirbase_end > dirbase && *dirbase_end != '/')
			dirbase_end--;
		*dirbase_end = '\0';	/* chop! */
	}

	free(dirbase);
	return NULL;
}

/*
 * This is an implied source, and it may have moved,
 * see if we can find it via the current .PATH
 */
static char *
ResolveMovedDepends(GNode *gn)
{
	char *fullName;

	char *base = strrchr(gn->name, '/');
	if (base == NULL)
		return NULL;
	base++;

	fullName = Dir_FindFile(base, Suff_FindPath(gn));
	if (fullName == NULL)
		return NULL;

	/*
	 * Put the found file in gn->path so that we give that to the compiler.
	 */
	/*
	 * XXX: Better just reset gn->path to NULL; updating it is already done
	 * by Dir_UpdateMTime.
	 */
	gn->path = bmake_strdup(fullName);
	if (!Job_RunTarget(".STALE", gn->fname))
		fprintf(stdout,	/* XXX: Why stdout? */
			"%s: %s, %d: ignoring stale %s for %s, found %s\n",
			progname, gn->fname, gn->lineno,
			makeDependfile, gn->name, fullName);

	return fullName;
}

static char *
ResolveFullName(GNode *gn)
{
	char *fullName;

	fullName = gn->path;
	if (fullName == NULL && !(gn->type & OP_NOPATH)) {

		fullName = Dir_FindFile(gn->name, Suff_FindPath(gn));

		if (fullName == NULL && gn->flags & FROM_DEPEND &&
		    !Lst_IsEmpty(&gn->implicitParents))
			fullName = ResolveMovedDepends(gn);

		DIR_DEBUG2("Found '%s' as '%s'\n",
			   gn->name, fullName ? fullName : "(not found)");
	}

	if (fullName == NULL)
		fullName = bmake_strdup(gn->name);

	/* XXX: Is every piece of memory freed as it should? */

	return fullName;
}

/* Search gn along dirSearchPath and store its modification time in gn->mtime.
 * If no file is found, store 0 instead.
 *
 * The found file is stored in gn->path, unless the node already had a path. */
void
Dir_UpdateMTime(GNode *gn, Boolean recheck)
{
	char *fullName;
	struct cached_stat cst;

	if (gn->type & OP_ARCHV) {
		Arch_UpdateMTime(gn);
		return;
	}

	if (gn->type & OP_PHONY) {
		gn->mtime = 0;
		return;
	}

	fullName = ResolveFullName(gn);

	if (cached_stats(fullName, &cst, recheck ? CST_UPDATE : CST_NONE) < 0) {
		if (gn->type & OP_MEMBER) {
			if (fullName != gn->path)
				free(fullName);
			Arch_UpdateMemberMTime(gn);
			return;
		}

		cst.cst_mtime = 0;
	}

	if (fullName != NULL && gn->path == NULL)
		gn->path = fullName;
	/* XXX: else free(fullName)? */

	gn->mtime = cst.cst_mtime;
}

/* Read the list of filenames in the directory and store the result
 * in openDirs.
 *
 * If a path is given, append the directory to that path.
 *
 * Input:
 *	path		The path to which the directory should be
 *			added, or NULL to only add the directory to openDirs
 *	name		The name of the directory to add.
 *			The name is not normalized in any way.
 */
CachedDir *
Dir_AddDir(SearchPath *path, const char *name)
/*
 * XXX: Maybe return const CachedDir, as a hint that the return value must
 * not be freed since it is owned by openDirs.
 */
{
	CachedDir *dir = NULL;	/* the added directory */
	DIR *d;
	struct dirent *dp;

	if (path != NULL && strcmp(name, ".DOTLAST") == 0) {
		SearchPathNode *ln;

		/* XXX: Linear search gets slow with thousands of entries. */
		for (ln = path->first; ln != NULL; ln = ln->next) {
			CachedDir *pathDir = ln->datum;
			if (strcmp(pathDir->name, name) == 0)
				return pathDir;
		}

		dotLast->refCount++;
		Lst_Prepend(path, dotLast);
	}

	if (path != NULL)
		dir = OpenDirs_Find(&openDirs, name);
	if (dir != NULL) {
		if (Lst_FindDatum(path, dir) == NULL) {
			dir->refCount++;
			Lst_Append(path, dir);
		}
		return dir;
	}

	DIR_DEBUG1("Caching %s ...", name);

	if ((d = opendir(name)) != NULL) {
		dir = bmake_malloc(sizeof *dir);
		dir->name = bmake_strdup(name);
		dir->hits = 0;
		dir->refCount = 1;
		HashSet_Init(&dir->files);

		while ((dp = readdir(d)) != NULL) {
#if defined(sun) && defined(d_ino) /* d_ino is a sunos4 #define for d_fileno */
			/*
			 * The sun directory library doesn't check for a 0 inode
			 * (0-inode slots just take up space), so we have to do
			 * it ourselves.
			 */
			if (dp->d_fileno == 0)
				continue;
#endif /* sun && d_ino */
			(void)HashSet_Add(&dir->files, dp->d_name);
		}
		(void)closedir(d);
		OpenDirs_Add(&openDirs, dir);
		if (path != NULL)
			Lst_Append(path, dir);
	}
	DIR_DEBUG0("done\n");
	return dir;
}

/* Return a copy of dirSearchPath, incrementing the reference counts for
 * the contained directories. */
SearchPath *
Dir_CopyDirSearchPath(void)
{
	SearchPath *path = SearchPath_New();
	SearchPathNode *ln;
	for (ln = dirSearchPath->first; ln != NULL; ln = ln->next) {
		CachedDir *dir = ln->datum;
		dir->refCount++;
		Lst_Append(path, dir);
	}
	return path;
}

/*-
 *-----------------------------------------------------------------------
 * SearchPath_ToFlags --
 *	Make a string by taking all the directories in the given search
 *	path and preceding them by the given flag. Used by the suffix
 *	module to create variables for compilers based on suffix search
 *	paths.
 *
 * Input:
 *	flag		flag which should precede each directory
 *	path		list of directories
 *
 * Results:
 *	The string mentioned above. Note that there is no space between
 *	the given flag and each directory. The empty string is returned if
 *	Things don't go well.
 *
 * Side Effects:
 *	None
 *-----------------------------------------------------------------------
 */
char *
SearchPath_ToFlags(const char *flag, SearchPath *path)
{
	Buffer buf;
	SearchPathNode *ln;

	Buf_Init(&buf);

	if (path != NULL) {
		for (ln = path->first; ln != NULL; ln = ln->next) {
			CachedDir *dir = ln->datum;
			Buf_AddStr(&buf, " ");
			Buf_AddStr(&buf, flag);
			Buf_AddStr(&buf, dir->name);
		}
	}

	return Buf_Destroy(&buf, FALSE);
}

/* Nuke a directory descriptor, if possible. Callback procedure for the
 * suffixes module when destroying a search path.
 *
 * Input:
 *	dirp		The directory descriptor to nuke
 */
static void
Dir_Destroy(void *dirp)
{
	CachedDir *dir = dirp;
	dir->refCount--;

	if (dir->refCount == 0) {
		OpenDirs_Remove(&openDirs, dir->name);

		HashSet_Done(&dir->files);
		free(dir->name);
		free(dir);
	}
}

/* Free the search path and all directories mentioned in it. */
void
SearchPath_Free(SearchPath *path)
{
	SearchPathNode *ln;

	for (ln = path->first; ln != NULL; ln = ln->next) {
		CachedDir *dir = ln->datum;
		Dir_Destroy(dir);
	}
	Lst_Free(path);
}

/* Clear out all elements from the given search path.
 * The path is set to the empty list but is not destroyed. */
void
SearchPath_Clear(SearchPath *path)
{
	while (!Lst_IsEmpty(path)) {
		CachedDir *dir = Lst_Dequeue(path);
		Dir_Destroy(dir);
	}
}


/* Concatenate two paths, adding the second to the end of the first,
 * skipping duplicates. */
void
SearchPath_AddAll(SearchPath *dst, SearchPath *src)
{
	SearchPathNode *ln;

	for (ln = src->first; ln != NULL; ln = ln->next) {
		CachedDir *dir = ln->datum;
		if (Lst_FindDatum(dst, dir) == NULL) {
			dir->refCount++;
			Lst_Append(dst, dir);
		}
	}
}

static int
percentage(int num, int den)
{
	return den != 0 ? num * 100 / den : 0;
}

/********** DEBUG INFO **********/
void
Dir_PrintDirectories(void)
{
	CachedDirListNode *ln;

	debug_printf("#*** Directory Cache:\n");
	debug_printf(
	    "# Stats: %d hits %d misses %d near misses %d losers (%d%%)\n",
	    hits, misses, nearmisses, bigmisses,
	    percentage(hits, hits + bigmisses + nearmisses));
	debug_printf("# %-20s referenced\thits\n", "directory");

	for (ln = openDirs.list->first; ln != NULL; ln = ln->next) {
		CachedDir *dir = ln->datum;
		debug_printf("# %-20s %10d\t%4d\n",
			     dir->name, dir->refCount, dir->hits);
	}
}

void
SearchPath_Print(SearchPath *path)
{
	SearchPathNode *node;
	for (node = path->first; node != NULL; node = node->next) {
		const CachedDir *dir = node->datum;
		debug_printf("%s ", dir->name);
	}
}