make/unit-tests/directive-for-escape.mk

# $NetBSD: directive-for-escape.mk,v 1.30 2025/06/28 22:39:28 rillig Exp $
#
# Test escaping of special characters in the iteration values of a .for loop.
# These values get expanded later using the :U variable modifier, and this
# escaping and unescaping must pass all characters and strings unmodified.

.MAKEFLAGS: -df

# Even though the .for loops take quotes into account when splitting the
# string into words, the quotes don't need to be balanced, as of 2020-12-31.
# This could be considered a bug.
ASCII=	!"\#$$%&'()*+,-./0-9:;<=>?@A-Z[\]_^a-z{|}~


# XXX: As of 2020-12-31, the '#' is not preserved in the expanded body of
# the loop.  Not only would it need the escaping for the variable modifier
# ':U' but also the escaping for the line-end comment.
# expect+3: Unclosed expression, expecting "}" for modifier "U!""
# expect+2: !"
.for chars in ${ASCII}
.  info ${chars}
.endfor

# As of 2020-12-31, using 2 backslashes before be '#' would treat the '#'
# as comment character.  Using 3 backslashes doesn't help either since
# then the situation is essentially the same as with 1 backslash.
# This means that a '#' sign cannot be passed in the value of a .for loop
# at all.
ASCII.2020-12-31=	!"\\\#$$%&'()*+,-./0-9:;<=>?@A-Z[\]_^a-z{|}~
# expect+3: Unclosed expression, expecting "}" for modifier "U!"\\\\"
# expect+2: !"\\
.for chars in ${ASCII.2020-12-31}
.  info ${chars}
.endfor

# Cover the code in ExprLen.
#
# XXX: It is unexpected that the variable V gets expanded in the loop body.
# The double '$$' should intuitively prevent exactly this.  Probably nobody
# was adventurous enough to use literal dollar signs in the values of a .for
# loop, allowing this edge case to go unnoticed for years.
#
# See for.c, function ExprLen.
V=		value
VALUES=		$$ $${V} $${V:=-with-modifier} $$(V) $$(V:=-with-modifier)
# expect: .  info ${:U\$}
# expect+10: $
# expect: .  info ${:U${V}}
# expect+8: value
# expect: .  info ${:U${V:=-with-modifier}}
# expect+6: value-with-modifier
# expect: .  info ${:U$(V)}
# expect+4: value
# expect: .  info ${:U$(V:=-with-modifier)}
# expect+2: value-with-modifier
.for i in ${VALUES}
.  info $i
.endfor
#
# Providing the loop items directly has the same effect.
# expect: .  info ${:U\$}
# expect+7: $
# expect: .  info ${:U${V}}
# expect+5: value
# expect+4: value-with-modifier
# expect+3: value
# expect+2: value-with-modifier
.for i in $$ $${V} $${V:=-with-modifier} $$(V) $$(V:=-with-modifier)
.  info $i
.endfor

# Try to cover the code for nested '{}' in ExprLen, without success.
#
# The value of the variable VALUES is not meant to be an expression.
# Instead, it is meant to represent literal text, the only escaping mechanism
# being that each '$' is written as '$$'.
VALUES=		$${UNDEF:U\$$\$$ {{}} end}
#
# The .for loop splits ${VALUES} into 3 words, at the space characters, since
# the '$$' is an ordinary character and the spaces are not escaped.
#	Word 1 is '${UNDEF:U\$\$'
#	Word 2 is '{{}}'
#	Word 3 is 'end}'
#
# Each of these words is now inserted in the body of the .for loop.
.for i in ${VALUES}
# $i
.endfor
#
# When these words are injected into the body of the .for loop, each inside a
# '${:U...}' expression, the result is:
#
# expect: For: loop body with i = ${UNDEF:U\$\$:
# expect: # ${:U\${UNDEF\:U\\$\\$}
# expect: For: loop body with i = {{}}:
# expect: # ${:U{{\}\}}
# expect: For: loop body with i = end}:
# expect: # ${:Uend\}}
# expect: For: end for 1
#
# The first of these expressions is the most interesting one, due to its many
# special characters.  This expression is properly balanced:
#
#	Text	Meaning		Explanation
#	\$	$		escaped
#	{	{		ordinary text
#	UNDEF	UNDEF		ordinary text
#	\:	:		escaped
#	U	U		ordinary text
#	\\	\		escaped
#	$\	(expr)		an expression, the variable name is '\'
#	\$	$		escaped
#
# To make the expression '$\' visible, define it to an actual word:
${:U\\}=	backslash
# expect+4: ${UNDEF:U\backslash$
# expect+3: {{}}
# expect+2: end}
.for i in ${VALUES}
.  info $i
.endfor
#
# FIXME: There was no expression '$\' in the original text of the variable
# 'VALUES', that's a surprise in the parser.


# The second attempt to cover the code for nested '{}' in ExprLen.
#
# XXX: It is not the job of ExprLen to parse an expression, it is naive to
# expect ExprLen to get all the details right in just a few lines of code.
# Each variable modifier has its own inconsistent way of parsing nested
# expressions, braces and parentheses.  (Compare ':M', ':S', and
# ':D' for details.)  The only sensible thing to do is therefore to let
# Var_Parse do all the parsing work.
VALUES=		begin<$${UNDEF:Ufallback:N{{{}}}}>end
# expect+2: begin<fallback>end
.for i in ${VALUES}
.  info $i
.endfor

# A single trailing dollar doesn't happen in practice.
# The dollar sign is correctly passed through to the body of the .for loop.
# There, it is expanded by the .info directive, but even there a trailing
# dollar sign is kept as-is.
# expect+2: $
.for i in ${:U\$}
.  info ${i}
.endfor

# Before for.c 1.173 from 2023-05-08, the name of the iteration variable
# could contain colons, which affected expressions having this exact
# modifier.  This possibility was neither intended nor documented.
NUMBERS=	one two three
# expect+1: Invalid character ":" in .for loop variable name
.for NUMBERS:M*e in replaced
.  info ${NUMBERS} ${NUMBERS:M*e}
.endfor

# Before for.c 1.173 from 2023-05-08, the name of the iteration variable
# could contain braces, which allowed to replace sequences of
# expressions.  This possibility was neither intended nor documented.
BASENAME=	one
EXT=		.c
# expect+1: Invalid character "}" in .for loop variable name
.for BASENAME}${EXT in replaced
.  info ${BASENAME}${EXT}
.endfor

# Demonstrate the various ways to refer to the iteration variable.
i=		outer
i2=		two
i,=		comma
# expect+2: inner inner inner inner inner
.for i in inner
.  info $i ${i} ${i:M*} $(i) $(i:M*)
.endfor
# expect+2: outer
.for i in inner
.  info ${i${:U}}
.endfor
# expect+2: inner}
.for i in inner
.  info ${i\}}	# XXX: unclear why ForLoop_SubstVarLong needs this
.endfor
# expect+2: two comma innerinnerinnerinner
.for i in inner
.  info ${i2} ${i,} $i${i}${i:M*}$i
.endfor

# Before for.c 1.173 from 2023-05-08, the variable name could be a single '$'
# since there was no check on valid variable names.  ForLoop_SubstVarShort
# skipped "stupid" variable names though, but ForLoop_SubstVarLong naively
# parsed the body of the loop, substituting each '${$}' with an actual
# '${:Udollar}'.
# expect+1: Invalid character "$" in .for loop variable name
.for $ in dollar
.  info eight $$$$$$$$ and no cents.
.  info eight ${$}${$}${$}${$} and no cents.
.endfor
# Outside a .for loop, '${$}' is interpreted differently. The outer '$' starts
# an expression. The inner '$' is followed by a '}' and is thus a
# silent syntax error, the '$' is skipped. The variable name is thus '', and
# since since there is never a variable named '', the whole expression '${$}'
# evaluates to an empty string.
closing-brace=		}		# guard against an
${closing-brace}=	<closing-brace>	# alternative interpretation
# expect+1: eight  and no cents.
.info eight ${$}${$}${$}${$} and no cents.

# What happens if the values from the .for loop contain a literal newline?
# Before for.c 1.144 from 2021-06-25, the newline was passed verbatim to the
# body of the .for loop, where it was then interpreted as a literal newline,
# leading to syntax errors such as "Unclosed variable expression" in the upper
# line and "Invalid line type" in the lower line.
#
# The error message occurs in the line of the .for loop since that's the place
# where the body of the .for loop is constructed, and at this point the
# newline character gets replaced with a plain space.
# expect+3: newline in .for value
# expect+2: newline in .for value
# expect+2: short: " ", long: " "
.for i in "${.newline}"
.  info short: $i, long: ${i}
.endfor
# No error since the newline character is not actually used in the body.
.for i in "${.newline}"
.endfor

# Between for.c 1.161 from 2022-01-08 and before for.c 1.163 from 2022-01-09,
# a newline character in a .for loop led to a crash since at the point where
# the error message including the stack trace is printed, the body of the .for
# loop is assembled, and at that point, ForLoop.nextItem had already been
# advanced.
.MAKEFLAGS: -dp
# expect+1: newline in .for value
.for i in "${.newline}"
: $i
.endfor
.MAKEFLAGS: -d0

.MAKEFLAGS: -df
.for i in \# \\\#
# $i
.endfor

.for i in $$ $$i $$(i) $${i} $$$$ $$$$$$$$ $${:U\$$\$$}
# $i
.endfor

# The expression '${.TARGET}' must be preserved as it is one of the 7 built-in
# target-local variables.  See for.c 1.45 from 2009-01-14.
.for i in ${.TARGET} $${.TARGET} $$${.TARGET} $$$${.TARGET}
# $i
.endfor
# expect: # ${:U${.TARGET}}
# XXX: Why does '$' result in the same text as '$$'?
# expect: # ${:U${.TARGET}}
# XXX: Why does the '$$' before the '${.TARGET}' lead to an escaped '}'?
# expect: # ${:U$${.TARGET\}}
# XXX: Why does '$' result in the same text as '$$'?
# XXX: Why does the '$$' before the '${.TARGET}' lead to an escaped '}'?
# expect: # ${:U$${.TARGET\}}

.for i in ((( {{{ ))) }}}
# $i
.endfor


# When generating the body of a .for loop, recognizing the expressions is done
# using simple heuristics.  These can go wrong in ambiguous cases like this.
# The variable name ',' is unusual as it is not a pronounceable name, but the
# same principle applies for other names as well.  In this case, the text '$,'
# is replaced with the expression '${:U1}', even though the text does not
# represent an expression.
.for , in 1
# $$i $i
# VAR= $$i $i ${a:S,from$,to,}
VAR= $$i $i ${a:S,from$,to,}
.endfor
# expect: # $$i $i
# expect: # VAR= $$i $i ${a:S,from${:U1}to,}
# expect: VAR= $$i $i ${a:S,from${:U1}to,}
#
# When the above variable is evaluated, make will complain about the
# unfinished modifier ':S', as it is missing a comma.