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main.c revision 1.27
      1 /*	$NetBSD: main.c,v 1.27 2000/04/14 06:11:09 simonb Exp $	*/
      2 
      3 /*
      4  * Copyright (c) 1983, 1988, 1993
      5  *	Regents of the University of California.  All rights reserved.
      6  *
      7  * Redistribution and use in source and binary forms, with or without
      8  * modification, are permitted provided that the following conditions
      9  * are met:
     10  * 1. Redistributions of source code must retain the above copyright
     11  *    notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer.
     12  * 2. Redistributions in binary form must reproduce the above copyright
     13  *    notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer in the
     14  *    documentation and/or other materials provided with the distribution.
     15  * 3. All advertising materials mentioning features or use of this software
     16  *    must display the following acknowledgement:
     17  *	This product includes software developed by the University of
     18  *	California, Berkeley and its contributors.
     19  * 4. Neither the name of the University nor the names of its contributors
     20  *    may be used to endorse or promote products derived from this software
     21  *    without specific prior written permission.
     22  *
     23  * THIS SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED BY THE REGENTS AND CONTRIBUTORS ``AS IS'' AND
     24  * ANY EXPRESS OR IMPLIED WARRANTIES, INCLUDING, BUT NOT LIMITED TO, THE
     25  * IMPLIED WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY AND FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE
     26  * ARE DISCLAIMED.  IN NO EVENT SHALL THE REGENTS OR CONTRIBUTORS BE LIABLE
     27  * FOR ANY DIRECT, INDIRECT, INCIDENTAL, SPECIAL, EXEMPLARY, OR CONSEQUENTIAL
     28  * DAMAGES (INCLUDING, BUT NOT LIMITED TO, PROCUREMENT OF SUBSTITUTE GOODS
     29  * OR SERVICES; LOSS OF USE, DATA, OR PROFITS; OR BUSINESS INTERRUPTION)
     30  * HOWEVER CAUSED AND ON ANY THEORY OF LIABILITY, WHETHER IN CONTRACT, STRICT
     31  * LIABILITY, OR TORT (INCLUDING NEGLIGENCE OR OTHERWISE) ARISING IN ANY WAY
     32  * OUT OF THE USE OF THIS SOFTWARE, EVEN IF ADVISED OF THE POSSIBILITY OF
     33  * SUCH DAMAGE.
     34  */
     35 
     36 #include <sys/cdefs.h>
     37 #ifndef lint
     38 __COPYRIGHT("@(#) Copyright (c) 1983, 1988, 1993\n\
     39 	Regents of the University of California.  All rights reserved.\n");
     40 #endif /* not lint */
     41 
     42 #ifndef lint
     43 #if 0
     44 static char sccsid[] = "from: @(#)main.c	8.4 (Berkeley) 3/1/94";
     45 #else
     46 __RCSID("$NetBSD: main.c,v 1.27 2000/04/14 06:11:09 simonb Exp $");
     47 #endif
     48 #endif /* not lint */
     49 
     50 #include <sys/param.h>
     51 #include <sys/file.h>
     52 #include <sys/protosw.h>
     53 #include <sys/socket.h>
     54 
     55 #include <netinet/in.h>
     56 
     57 #include <ctype.h>
     58 #include <err.h>
     59 #include <errno.h>
     60 #include <kvm.h>
     61 #include <limits.h>
     62 #include <netdb.h>
     63 #include <nlist.h>
     64 #include <paths.h>
     65 #include <stdio.h>
     66 #include <stdlib.h>
     67 #include <string.h>
     68 #include <unistd.h>
     69 #include "netstat.h"
     70 
     71 struct nlist nl[] = {
     72 #define	N_MBSTAT	0
     73 	{ "_mbstat" },
     74 #define	N_IPSTAT	1
     75 	{ "_ipstat" },
     76 #define	N_TCBTABLE	2
     77 	{ "_tcbtable" },
     78 #define	N_TCPSTAT	3
     79 	{ "_tcpstat" },
     80 #define	N_UDBTABLE	4
     81 	{ "_udbtable" },
     82 #define	N_UDPSTAT	5
     83 	{ "_udpstat" },
     84 #define	N_IFNET		6
     85 	{ "_ifnet" },
     86 #define	N_IMP		7
     87 	{ "_imp_softc" },
     88 #define	N_ICMPSTAT	8
     89 	{ "_icmpstat" },
     90 #define	N_RTSTAT	9
     91 	{ "_rtstat" },
     92 #define	N_UNIXSW	10
     93 	{ "_unixsw" },
     94 #define N_IDP		11
     95 	{ "_nspcb"},
     96 #define N_IDPSTAT	12
     97 	{ "_idpstat"},
     98 #define N_SPPSTAT	13
     99 	{ "_spp_istat"},
    100 #define N_NSERR		14
    101 	{ "_ns_errstat"},
    102 #define	N_CLNPSTAT	15
    103 	{ "_clnp_stat"},
    104 #define	IN_NOTUSED	16
    105 	{ "_tp_inpcb" },
    106 #define	ISO_TP		17
    107 	{ "_tp_refinfo" },
    108 #define	N_TPSTAT	18
    109 	{ "_tp_stat" },
    110 #define	N_ESISSTAT	19
    111 	{ "_esis_stat"},
    112 #define N_NIMP		20
    113 	{ "_nimp"},
    114 #define N_RTREE		21
    115 	{ "_rt_tables"},
    116 #define N_CLTP		22
    117 	{ "_cltb"},
    118 #define N_CLTPSTAT	23
    119 	{ "_cltpstat"},
    120 #define	N_NFILE		24
    121 	{ "_nfile" },
    122 #define	N_FILE		25
    123 	{ "_file" },
    124 #define N_IGMPSTAT	26
    125 	{ "_igmpstat" },
    126 #define N_MRTPROTO	27
    127 	{ "_ip_mrtproto" },
    128 #define N_MRTSTAT	28
    129 	{ "_mrtstat" },
    130 #define N_MFCHASHTBL	29
    131 	{ "_mfchashtbl" },
    132 #define	N_MFCHASH	30
    133 	{ "_mfchash" },
    134 #define N_VIFTABLE	31
    135 	{ "_viftable" },
    136 #define N_MSIZE		32
    137 	{ "_msize" },
    138 #define N_MCLBYTES	33
    139 	{ "_mclbytes" },
    140 #define N_DDPSTAT	34
    141 	{ "_ddpstat"},
    142 #define N_DDPCB		35
    143 	{ "_ddpcb"},
    144 #define N_MBPOOL	36
    145 	{ "_mbpool" },
    146 #define N_MCLPOOL	37
    147 	{ "_mclpool" },
    148 #define N_DIVPCB	38
    149 	{ "_divcb"},
    150 #define N_DIVSTAT	39
    151 	{ "_divstat"},
    152 #define N_IP6STAT	40
    153 	{ "_ip6stat" },
    154 #define N_TCB6		41
    155 	{ "_tcb6" },
    156 #define N_TCP6STAT	42
    157 	{ "_tcp6stat" },
    158 #define N_UDB6		43
    159 	{ "_udb6" },
    160 #define N_UDP6STAT	44
    161 	{ "_udp6stat" },
    162 #define N_ICMP6STAT	45
    163 	{ "_icmp6stat" },
    164 #define N_IPSECSTAT	46
    165 	{ "_ipsecstat" },
    166 #define N_IPSEC6STAT	47
    167 	{ "_ipsec6stat" },
    168 #define N_PIM6STAT	48
    169 	{ "_pim6stat" },
    170 #define N_MRT6PROTO	49
    171 	{ "_ip6_mrtproto" },
    172 #define N_MRT6STAT	50
    173 	{ "_mrt6stat" },
    174 #define N_MF6CTABLE	51
    175 	{ "_mf6ctable" },
    176 #define N_MIF6TABLE	52
    177 	{ "_mif6table" },
    178 #define N_PFKEYSTAT	53
    179 	{ "_pfkeystat" },
    180 	{ "" },
    181 };
    182 
    183 struct protox {
    184 	u_char	pr_index;		/* index into nlist of cb head */
    185 	u_char	pr_sindex;		/* index into nlist of stat block */
    186 	u_char	pr_wanted;		/* 1 if wanted, 0 otherwise */
    187 	void	(*pr_cblocks)		/* control blocks printing routine */
    188 			__P((u_long, char *));
    189 	void	(*pr_stats)		/* statistics printing routine */
    190 			__P((u_long, char *));
    191 	void	(*pr_istats)
    192 			__P((char *));	/* per/if statistics printing routine */
    193 	void	(*pr_dump)		/* PCB state dump routine */
    194 			__P((u_long));
    195 	char	*pr_name;		/* well-known name */
    196 } protox[] = {
    197 	{ N_TCBTABLE,	N_TCPSTAT,	1,	protopr,
    198 	  tcp_stats,	NULL,		tcp_dump,	"tcp" },
    199 	{ N_UDBTABLE,	N_UDPSTAT,	1,	protopr,
    200 	  udp_stats,	NULL,		0,	"udp" },
    201 	{ -1,		N_IPSTAT,	1,	0,
    202 	  ip_stats,	NULL,		0,	"ip" },
    203 	{ -1,		N_ICMPSTAT,	1,	0,
    204 	  icmp_stats,	NULL,		0,	"icmp" },
    205 	{ -1,		N_IGMPSTAT,	1,	0,
    206 	  igmp_stats,	NULL,		0,	"igmp" },
    207 #ifdef IPSEC
    208 	{ -1,		N_IPSECSTAT,	1,	0,
    209 	  ipsec_stats,	NULL,		0,	"ipsec" },
    210 #endif
    211 	{ -1,		-1,		0,	0,
    212 	  0,		NULL,		0,	0 }
    213 };
    214 
    215 #ifdef INET6
    216 struct protox ip6protox[] = {
    217 	{ -1,		N_IP6STAT,	1,	0,
    218 	  ip6_stats,	ip6_ifstats,	0,	"ip6" },
    219 	{ -1,		N_ICMP6STAT,	1,	0,
    220 	  icmp6_stats,	icmp6_ifstats,	0,	"icmp6" },
    221 #ifdef TCP6
    222 	{ N_TCB6,	N_TCP6STAT,	1,	ip6protopr,
    223 	  tcp6_stats,	NULL,		tcp6_dump,	"tcp6" },
    224 #else
    225 	{ N_TCB6,	N_TCP6STAT,	1,	ip6protopr,
    226 	  tcp_stats,	NULL,		tcp_dump,	"tcp6" },
    227 #endif
    228 	{ N_UDB6,	N_UDP6STAT,	1,	ip6protopr,
    229 	  udp6_stats,	NULL,		0,	"udp6" },
    230 #ifdef IPSEC
    231 	{ -1,		N_IPSEC6STAT,	1,	0,
    232 	  ipsec_stats,	NULL,		0,	"ipsec6" },
    233 #endif
    234 	{ -1,		N_PIM6STAT,	1,	0,
    235 	  pim6_stats,	NULL,		0,	"pim6" },
    236 	{ -1,		-1,		0,	0,
    237 	  0,		NULL,		0,	0 }
    238 };
    239 #endif
    240 
    241 #ifdef IPSEC
    242 struct protox pfkeyprotox[] = {
    243 	{ -1,		N_PFKEYSTAT,	1,	0,
    244 	  pfkey_stats,	NULL,		0,	"pfkey" },
    245 	{ -1,		-1,		0,	0,
    246 	  0,		NULL,		0,	0 }
    247 };
    248 #endif
    249 
    250 #ifndef SMALL
    251 struct protox atalkprotox[] = {
    252 	{ N_DDPCB,	N_DDPSTAT,	1,	atalkprotopr,
    253 	  ddp_stats,	NULL,		0,	"ddp" },
    254 	{ -1,		-1,		0,	0,
    255 	  0,		NULL,		0 }
    256 };
    257 
    258 struct protox nsprotox[] = {
    259 	{ N_IDP,	N_IDPSTAT,	1,	nsprotopr,
    260 	  idp_stats,	NULL,		0,	"idp" },
    261 	{ N_IDP,	N_SPPSTAT,	1,	nsprotopr,
    262 	  spp_stats,	NULL,		0,	"spp" },
    263 	{ -1,		N_NSERR,	1,	0,
    264 	  nserr_stats,	NULL,		0,	"ns_err" },
    265 	{ -1,		-1,		0,	0,
    266 	  0,		NULL,		0 }
    267 };
    268 
    269 struct protox isoprotox[] = {
    270 	{ ISO_TP,	N_TPSTAT,	1,	iso_protopr,
    271 	  tp_stats,	NULL,		0,	"tp" },
    272 	{ N_CLTP,	N_CLTPSTAT,	1,	iso_protopr,
    273 	  cltp_stats,	NULL,		0,	"cltp" },
    274 	{ -1,		N_CLNPSTAT,	1,	 0,
    275 	  clnp_stats,	NULL,		0,	"clnp"},
    276 	{ -1,		N_ESISSTAT,	1,	 0,
    277 	  esis_stats,	NULL,		0,	"esis"},
    278 	{ -1,		-1,		0,	0,
    279 	  0,		NULL,		0,	0 }
    280 };
    281 #endif
    282 
    283 struct protox *protoprotox[] = { protox,
    284 #ifdef INET6
    285 				 ip6protox,
    286 #endif
    287 #ifdef IPSEC
    288 				 pfkeyprotox,
    289 #endif
    290 #ifndef SMALL
    291 				 atalkprotox, nsprotox, isoprotox,
    292 #endif
    293 				 NULL };
    294 
    295 int main __P((int, char *[]));
    296 static void printproto __P((struct protox *, char *));
    297 static void usage __P((void));
    298 static struct protox *name2protox __P((char *));
    299 static struct protox *knownname __P((char *));
    300 
    301 kvm_t *kvmd;
    302 
    303 int
    304 main(argc, argv)
    305 	int argc;
    306 	char *argv[];
    307 {
    308 	struct protoent *p;
    309 	struct protox *tp;	/* for printing cblocks & stats */
    310 	int ch;
    311 	char *nlistf = NULL, *memf = NULL;
    312 	char buf[_POSIX2_LINE_MAX], *cp;
    313 	u_long pcbaddr;
    314 	gid_t egid = getegid();
    315 
    316 	(void)setegid(getgid());
    317 	tp = NULL;
    318 	af = AF_UNSPEC;
    319 	pcbaddr = 0;
    320 
    321 	while ((ch = getopt(argc, argv, "Aabdf:ghI:LliM:mN:nP:p:rstuvw:")) != -1)
    322 		switch(ch) {
    323 		case 'A':
    324 			Aflag = 1;
    325 			break;
    326 		case 'a':
    327 			aflag = 1;
    328 			break;
    329 		case 'b':
    330 			bflag = 1;
    331 			break;
    332 		case 'd':
    333 			dflag = 1;
    334 			break;
    335 		case 'f':
    336 			if (strcmp(optarg, "ns") == 0)
    337 				af = AF_NS;
    338 			else if (strcmp(optarg, "inet") == 0)
    339 				af = AF_INET;
    340 			else if (strcmp(optarg, "inet6") == 0)
    341 				af = AF_INET6;
    342 			else if (strcmp(optarg, "unix") == 0
    343 			    || strcmp(optarg, "local") == 0)
    344 				af = AF_LOCAL;
    345 			else if (strcmp(optarg, "iso") == 0)
    346 				af = AF_ISO;
    347 			else if (strcmp(optarg, "atalk") == 0)
    348 				af = AF_APPLETALK;
    349 			else
    350 				errx(1, "%s: unknown address family",
    351 				    optarg);
    352 			break;
    353 #ifndef SMALL
    354 		case 'g':
    355 			gflag = 1;
    356 			break;
    357 #endif
    358 		case 'I':
    359 			iflag = 1;
    360 			interface = optarg;
    361 			break;
    362 		case 'i':
    363 			iflag = 1;
    364 			break;
    365 		case 'L':
    366 			Lflag = 1;
    367 			break;
    368 		case 'l':
    369 			lflag = 1;
    370 			break;
    371 		case 'M':
    372 			memf = optarg;
    373 			break;
    374 		case 'm':
    375 			mflag = 1;
    376 			break;
    377 		case 'N':
    378 			nlistf = optarg;
    379 			break;
    380 		case 'n':
    381 			nflag = 1;
    382 			break;
    383 		case 'P':
    384 			pcbaddr = strtoul(optarg, &cp, 16);
    385 			if (*cp != '\0' || errno == ERANGE)
    386 				errx(1, "invalid PCB address %s",
    387 				    optarg);
    388 			Pflag = 1;
    389 			break;
    390 		case 'p':
    391 			if ((tp = name2protox(optarg)) == NULL)
    392 				errx(1, "%s: unknown or uninstrumented protocol",
    393 				    optarg);
    394 			pflag = 1;
    395 			break;
    396 		case 'r':
    397 			rflag = 1;
    398 			break;
    399 		case 's':
    400 			++sflag;
    401 			break;
    402 		case 't':
    403 			tflag = 1;
    404 			break;
    405 		case 'u':
    406 			af = AF_LOCAL;
    407 			break;
    408 		case 'v':
    409 			vflag = 1;
    410 			break;
    411 		case 'w':
    412 			interval = atoi(optarg);
    413 			iflag = 1;
    414 			break;
    415 		case '?':
    416 		default:
    417 			usage();
    418 		}
    419 	argv += optind;
    420 	argc -= optind;
    421 
    422 #define	BACKWARD_COMPATIBILITY
    423 #ifdef	BACKWARD_COMPATIBILITY
    424 	if (*argv) {
    425 		if (isdigit(**argv)) {
    426 			interval = atoi(*argv);
    427 			if (interval <= 0)
    428 				usage();
    429 			++argv;
    430 			iflag = 1;
    431 		}
    432 		if (*argv) {
    433 			nlistf = *argv;
    434 			if (*++argv)
    435 				memf = *argv;
    436 		}
    437 	}
    438 #endif
    439 
    440 	/*
    441 	 * Discard setgid privileges.  If not the running kernel, we toss
    442 	 * them away totally so that bad guys can't print interesting stuff
    443 	 * from kernel memory, otherwise switch back to kmem for the
    444 	 * duration of the kvm_openfiles() call.
    445 	 */
    446 	if (nlistf != NULL || memf != NULL || Pflag)
    447 		(void)setgid(getgid());
    448 	else
    449 		(void)setegid(egid);
    450 
    451 	if ((kvmd = kvm_openfiles(nlistf, memf, NULL, O_RDONLY,
    452 	    buf)) == NULL)
    453 		errx(1, "%s", buf);
    454 
    455 	/* do this now anyway */
    456 	if (nlistf == NULL && memf == NULL)
    457 		(void)setgid(getgid());
    458 
    459 	if (kvm_nlist(kvmd, nl) < 0 || nl[0].n_type == 0) {
    460 		if (nlistf)
    461 			errx(1, "%s: no namelist", nlistf);
    462 		else
    463 			errx(1, "no namelist");
    464 	}
    465 	if (mflag) {
    466 		mbpr(nl[N_MBSTAT].n_value,  nl[N_MSIZE].n_value,
    467 		    nl[N_MCLBYTES].n_value, nl[N_MBPOOL].n_value,
    468 		    nl[N_MCLPOOL].n_value);
    469 		exit(0);
    470 	}
    471 	if (Pflag) {
    472 		if (tp == NULL) {
    473 			/* Default to TCP. */
    474 			tp = name2protox("tcp");
    475 		}
    476 		if (tp->pr_dump)
    477 			(*tp->pr_dump)(pcbaddr);
    478 		else
    479 			printf("%s: no PCB dump routine\n", tp->pr_name);
    480 		exit(0);
    481 	}
    482 	if (pflag) {
    483 		if (iflag && tp->pr_istats)
    484 			intpr(interval, nl[N_IFNET].n_value, tp->pr_istats);
    485 		else if (tp->pr_stats)
    486 			(*tp->pr_stats)(nl[tp->pr_sindex].n_value,
    487 				tp->pr_name);
    488 		else
    489 			printf("%s: no stats routine\n", tp->pr_name);
    490 		exit(0);
    491 	}
    492 	/*
    493 	 * Keep file descriptors open to avoid overhead
    494 	 * of open/close on each call to get* routines.
    495 	 */
    496 	sethostent(1);
    497 	setnetent(1);
    498 	if (iflag) {
    499 		if (af != AF_UNSPEC)
    500 			goto protostat;
    501 
    502 		intpr(interval, nl[N_IFNET].n_value, NULL);
    503 		exit(0);
    504 	}
    505 	if (rflag) {
    506 		if (sflag)
    507 			rt_stats(nl[N_RTSTAT].n_value);
    508 		else
    509 			routepr(nl[N_RTREE].n_value);
    510 		exit(0);
    511 	}
    512 #ifndef SMALL
    513 	if (gflag) {
    514 		if (sflag) {
    515 			if (af == AF_INET || af == AF_UNSPEC)
    516 				mrt_stats(nl[N_MRTPROTO].n_value,
    517 					  nl[N_MRTSTAT].n_value);
    518 #ifdef INET6
    519 			if (af == AF_INET6 || af == AF_UNSPEC)
    520 				mrt6_stats(nl[N_MRT6PROTO].n_value,
    521 					   nl[N_MRT6STAT].n_value);
    522 #endif
    523 		}
    524 		else {
    525 			if (af == AF_INET || af == AF_UNSPEC)
    526 				mroutepr(nl[N_MRTPROTO].n_value,
    527 					 nl[N_MFCHASHTBL].n_value,
    528 					 nl[N_MFCHASH].n_value,
    529 					 nl[N_VIFTABLE].n_value);
    530 #ifdef INET6
    531 			if (af == AF_INET6 || af == AF_UNSPEC)
    532 				mroute6pr(nl[N_MRT6PROTO].n_value,
    533 					  nl[N_MF6CTABLE].n_value,
    534 					  nl[N_MIF6TABLE].n_value);
    535 #endif
    536 		}
    537 		exit(0);
    538 	}
    539 #endif
    540   protostat:
    541 	if (af == AF_INET || af == AF_UNSPEC) {
    542 		setprotoent(1);
    543 		setservent(1);
    544 		/* ugh, this is O(MN) ... why do we do this? */
    545 		while ((p = getprotoent()) != NULL) {
    546 			for (tp = protox; tp->pr_name; tp++)
    547 				if (strcmp(tp->pr_name, p->p_name) == 0)
    548 					break;
    549 			if (tp->pr_name == 0 || tp->pr_wanted == 0)
    550 				continue;
    551 			printproto(tp, p->p_name);
    552 			tp->pr_wanted = 0;
    553 		}
    554 		endprotoent();
    555 		for (tp = protox; tp->pr_name; tp++)
    556 			if (tp->pr_wanted)
    557 				printproto(tp, tp->pr_name);
    558 	}
    559 #ifdef INET6
    560 	if (af == AF_INET6 || af == AF_UNSPEC)
    561 		for (tp = ip6protox; tp->pr_name; tp++)
    562 			printproto(tp, tp->pr_name);
    563 #endif
    564 #ifdef IPSEC
    565 	if (af == PF_KEY || af == AF_UNSPEC)
    566 		for (tp = pfkeyprotox; tp->pr_name; tp++)
    567 			printproto(tp, tp->pr_name);
    568 #endif
    569 #ifndef SMALL
    570 	if (af == AF_APPLETALK || af == AF_UNSPEC)
    571 		for (tp = atalkprotox; tp->pr_name; tp++)
    572 			printproto(tp, tp->pr_name);
    573 	if (af == AF_NS || af == AF_UNSPEC)
    574 		for (tp = nsprotox; tp->pr_name; tp++)
    575 			printproto(tp, tp->pr_name);
    576 	if (af == AF_ISO || af == AF_UNSPEC)
    577 		for (tp = isoprotox; tp->pr_name; tp++)
    578 			printproto(tp, tp->pr_name);
    579 	if ((af == AF_LOCAL || af == AF_UNSPEC) && !sflag)
    580 		unixpr(nl[N_UNIXSW].n_value);
    581 #endif
    582 	exit(0);
    583 }
    584 
    585 /*
    586  * Print out protocol statistics or control blocks (per sflag).
    587  * If the interface was not specifically requested, and the symbol
    588  * is not in the namelist, ignore this one.
    589  */
    590 static void
    591 printproto(tp, name)
    592 	struct protox *tp;
    593 	char *name;
    594 {
    595 	void (*pr) __P((u_long, char *));
    596 	u_long off;
    597 
    598 	if (sflag) {
    599 		if (iflag) {
    600 			if (tp->pr_istats)
    601 				intpr(interval, nl[N_IFNET].n_value,
    602 				      tp->pr_istats);
    603 			return;
    604 		}
    605 		else {
    606 			pr = tp->pr_stats;
    607 			off = nl[tp->pr_sindex].n_value;
    608 		}
    609 	} else {
    610 		pr = tp->pr_cblocks;
    611 		off = nl[tp->pr_index].n_value;
    612 	}
    613 	if (pr != NULL && (off || af != AF_UNSPEC))
    614 		(*pr)(off, name);
    615 }
    616 
    617 /*
    618  * Read kernel memory, return 0 on success.
    619  */
    620 int
    621 kread(addr, buf, size)
    622 	u_long addr;
    623 	char *buf;
    624 	int size;
    625 {
    626 
    627 	if (kvm_read(kvmd, addr, buf, size) != size) {
    628 		warnx("%s\n", kvm_geterr(kvmd));
    629 		return (-1);
    630 	}
    631 	return (0);
    632 }
    633 
    634 char *
    635 plural(n)
    636 	int n;
    637 {
    638 
    639 	return (n != 1 ? "s" : "");
    640 }
    641 
    642 char *
    643 plurales(n)
    644 	int n;
    645 {
    646 
    647 	return (n != 1 ? "es" : "");
    648 }
    649 
    650 /*
    651  * Find the protox for the given "well-known" name.
    652  */
    653 static struct protox *
    654 knownname(name)
    655 	char *name;
    656 {
    657 	struct protox **tpp, *tp;
    658 
    659 	for (tpp = protoprotox; *tpp; tpp++)
    660 		for (tp = *tpp; tp->pr_name; tp++)
    661 			if (strcmp(tp->pr_name, name) == 0)
    662 				return (tp);
    663 	return (NULL);
    664 }
    665 
    666 /*
    667  * Find the protox corresponding to name.
    668  */
    669 static struct protox *
    670 name2protox(name)
    671 	char *name;
    672 {
    673 	struct protox *tp;
    674 	char **alias;			/* alias from p->aliases */
    675 	struct protoent *p;
    676 
    677 	/*
    678 	 * Try to find the name in the list of "well-known" names. If that
    679 	 * fails, check if name is an alias for an Internet protocol.
    680 	 */
    681 	if ((tp = knownname(name)) != NULL)
    682 		return (tp);
    683 
    684 	setprotoent(1);			/* make protocol lookup cheaper */
    685 	while ((p = getprotoent()) != NULL) {
    686 		/* assert: name not same as p->name */
    687 		for (alias = p->p_aliases; *alias; alias++)
    688 			if (strcmp(name, *alias) == 0) {
    689 				endprotoent();
    690 				return (knownname(p->p_name));
    691 			}
    692 	}
    693 	endprotoent();
    694 	return (NULL);
    695 }
    696 
    697 static void
    698 usage()
    699 {
    700 	(void)fprintf(stderr,
    701 "usage: %s [-Aan] [-f address_family] [-M core] [-N system]\n", __progname);
    702 	(void)fprintf(stderr,
    703 "       %s [-gimnrsv] [-f address_family] [-M core] [-N system]\n",
    704 	__progname);
    705 	(void)fprintf(stderr,
    706 "       %s [-n] [-I interface] [-M core] [-N system] [-w wait]\n", __progname);
    707 	(void)fprintf(stderr,
    708 "       %s [-M core] [-N system] [-p protocol]\n", __progname);
    709 	(void)fprintf(stderr,
    710 "       %s [-M core] [-N system] [-p protocol] -P pcbaddr\n", __progname);
    711 	exit(1);
    712 }
    713