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init.c revision 1.208
      1 /*	$NetBSD: init.c,v 1.208 2021/08/14 12:46:23 rillig Exp $	*/
      2 
      3 /*
      4  * Copyright (c) 1994, 1995 Jochen Pohl
      5  * Copyright (c) 2021 Roland Illig
      6  * All Rights Reserved.
      7  *
      8  * Redistribution and use in source and binary forms, with or without
      9  * modification, are permitted provided that the following conditions
     10  * are met:
     11  * 1. Redistributions of source code must retain the above copyright
     12  *    notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer.
     13  * 2. Redistributions in binary form must reproduce the above copyright
     14  *    notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer in the
     15  *    documentation and/or other materials provided with the distribution.
     16  * 3. All advertising materials mentioning features or use of this software
     17  *    must display the following acknowledgement:
     18  *      This product includes software developed by Jochen Pohl for
     19  *	The NetBSD Project.
     20  * 4. The name of the author may not be used to endorse or promote products
     21  *    derived from this software without specific prior written permission.
     22  *
     23  * THIS SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED BY THE AUTHOR ``AS IS'' AND ANY EXPRESS OR
     24  * IMPLIED WARRANTIES, INCLUDING, BUT NOT LIMITED TO, THE IMPLIED WARRANTIES
     25  * OF MERCHANTABILITY AND FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE ARE DISCLAIMED.
     26  * IN NO EVENT SHALL THE AUTHOR BE LIABLE FOR ANY DIRECT, INDIRECT,
     27  * INCIDENTAL, SPECIAL, EXEMPLARY, OR CONSEQUENTIAL DAMAGES (INCLUDING, BUT
     28  * NOT LIMITED TO, PROCUREMENT OF SUBSTITUTE GOODS OR SERVICES; LOSS OF USE,
     29  * DATA, OR PROFITS; OR BUSINESS INTERRUPTION) HOWEVER CAUSED AND ON ANY
     30  * THEORY OF LIABILITY, WHETHER IN CONTRACT, STRICT LIABILITY, OR TORT
     31  * (INCLUDING NEGLIGENCE OR OTHERWISE) ARISING IN ANY WAY OUT OF THE USE OF
     32  * THIS SOFTWARE, EVEN IF ADVISED OF THE POSSIBILITY OF SUCH DAMAGE.
     33  */
     34 
     35 #if HAVE_NBTOOL_CONFIG_H
     36 #include "nbtool_config.h"
     37 #endif
     38 
     39 #include <sys/cdefs.h>
     40 #if defined(__RCSID) && !defined(lint)
     41 __RCSID("$NetBSD: init.c,v 1.208 2021/08/14 12:46:23 rillig Exp $");
     42 #endif
     43 
     44 #include <stdlib.h>
     45 #include <string.h>
     46 
     47 #include "lint1.h"
     48 
     49 
     50 /*
     51  * Initialization of global or local objects, like in:
     52  *
     53  *	int number = 12345;
     54  *	int number_with_braces = { 12345 };
     55  *
     56  *	int array_of_unknown_size[] = { 111, 222, 333 };
     57  *	int array_flat[2][2] = { 11, 12, 21, 22 };
     58  *	int array_nested[2][2] = { { 11, 12 }, { 21, 22 } };
     59  *
     60  *	struct { int x, y; } point = { 3, 4 };
     61  *	struct { int x, y; } point = { .y = 4, .x = 3 };
     62  *
     63  * Any scalar expression in the initializer may be surrounded by arbitrarily
     64  * many extra pairs of braces, like in the example 'number_with_braces' (C99
     65  * 6.7.8p11).
     66  *
     67  * For multi-dimensional arrays, the inner braces may be omitted like in
     68  * array_flat or spelled out like in array_nested.  This is unusual in
     69  * practice and therefore only supported very basically.
     70  *
     71  * During an initialization, the grammar parser calls these functions:
     72  *
     73  *	begin_initialization
     74  *		init_lbrace			for each '{'
     75  *		add_designator_member		for each '.member' before '='
     76  *		add_designator_subscript	for each '[123]' before '='
     77  *		init_expr			for each expression
     78  *		init_rbrace			for each '}'
     79  *	end_initialization
     80  *
     81  * Each '{' begins a new brace level, each '}' ends the current brace level.
     82  * Each brace level has an associated "current object", which is the starting
     83  * point for resolving the optional designations such as '.member[3]'.
     84  *
     85  * See also:
     86  *	C99 6.7.8 "Initialization"
     87  *	d_c99_init.c for more examples
     88  */
     89 
     90 /*
     91  * A single component on the path to the sub-object that is initialized by an
     92  * initializer expression.  Either a struct or union member, or an array
     93  * subscript.
     94  *
     95  * C99 6.7.8p6, 6.7.8p7
     96  */
     97 struct designator {
     98 	const char	*dr_name;	/* for struct and union */
     99 	size_t		dr_subscript;	/* for array */
    100 	struct designator *dr_next;
    101 };
    102 
    103 /*
    104  * The optional designation for an initializer, saying which sub-object to
    105  * initialize.  Examples for designations are '.member' or
    106  * '.member[123].member.member[1][1]'.
    107  *
    108  * C99 6.7.8p6, 6.7.8p7
    109  */
    110 struct designation {
    111 	struct designator *dn_head;
    112 	struct designator *dn_tail;
    113 };
    114 
    115 /*
    116  * Describes a single brace level of an ongoing initialization.
    117  *
    118  * See C99 6.7.8p17.
    119  */
    120 struct brace_level {
    121 	/*
    122 	 * The type of the current object that is initialized at this brace
    123 	 * level.
    124 	 */
    125 	const type_t	*bl_type;
    126 
    127 	struct designation bl_designation;	/* .member[123].member */
    128 
    129 	/*
    130 	 * The next member of the struct or union that is to be initialized,
    131 	 * unless a specific member is selected by a designator.
    132 	 */
    133 	const sym_t	*bl_member;
    134 	/*
    135 	 * The subscript of the next array element that is to be initialized,
    136 	 * unless a specific subscript is selected by a designator.
    137 	 */
    138 	size_t		bl_subscript;
    139 	/*
    140 	 * The maximum subscript that has ever be seen; only relevant for an
    141 	 * array of unknown size at the outermost brace level.
    142 	 */
    143 	size_t		bl_max_subscript;
    144 	bool		bl_scalar_done: 1;	/* for scalars */
    145 	bool		bl_confused: 1;		/* skip further checks */
    146 
    147 	struct brace_level *bl_enclosing;
    148 };
    149 
    150 /*
    151  * An ongoing initialization.
    152  *
    153  * In most cases there is only ever a single initialization going on.  See
    154  * pointer_to_compound_literal in msg_171.c for an exception.
    155  */
    156 struct initialization {
    157 	/* The symbol that is to be initialized. */
    158 	sym_t		*in_sym;
    159 
    160 	/* The innermost brace level. */
    161 	struct brace_level *in_brace_level;
    162 
    163 	/*
    164 	 * Is set as soon as a fatal error occurred in the initialization.
    165 	 * The effect is that the rest of the initialization is ignored
    166 	 * (parsed by yacc, expression trees built, but no initialization
    167 	 * takes place).
    168 	 */
    169 	bool		in_err;
    170 
    171 	struct initialization *in_enclosing;
    172 };
    173 
    174 
    175 static void *
    176 unconst_cast(const void *p)
    177 {
    178 	void *r;
    179 
    180 	memcpy(&r, &p, sizeof(r));
    181 	return r;
    182 }
    183 
    184 static bool
    185 has_automatic_storage_duration(const sym_t *sym)
    186 {
    187 
    188 	return sym->s_scl == AUTO || sym->s_scl == REG;
    189 }
    190 
    191 /* C99 6.7.8p14, 6.7.8p15 */
    192 static bool
    193 is_string_array(const type_t *tp, tspec_t t)
    194 {
    195 	tspec_t st;
    196 
    197 	if (tp == NULL || tp->t_tspec != ARRAY)
    198 		return false;
    199 
    200 	st = tp->t_subt->t_tspec;
    201 	return t == CHAR
    202 	    ? st == CHAR || st == UCHAR || st == SCHAR
    203 	    : st == WCHAR;
    204 }
    205 
    206 /* C99 6.7.8p9 */
    207 static bool
    208 is_unnamed(const sym_t *m)
    209 {
    210 
    211 	return m->s_bitfield && m->s_name == unnamed;
    212 }
    213 
    214 /* C99 6.7.8p9 */
    215 static const sym_t *
    216 skip_unnamed(const sym_t *m)
    217 {
    218 
    219 	while (m != NULL && is_unnamed(m))
    220 		m = m->s_next;
    221 	return m;
    222 }
    223 
    224 static const sym_t *
    225 first_named_member(const type_t *tp)
    226 {
    227 
    228 	lint_assert(is_struct_or_union(tp->t_tspec));
    229 	return skip_unnamed(tp->t_str->sou_first_member);
    230 }
    231 
    232 static const sym_t *
    233 look_up_member(const type_t *tp, const char *name)
    234 {
    235 	const sym_t *m;
    236 
    237 	lint_assert(is_struct_or_union(tp->t_tspec));
    238 	for (m = tp->t_str->sou_first_member; m != NULL; m = m->s_next)
    239 		if (!is_unnamed(m) && strcmp(m->s_name, name) == 0)
    240 			return m;
    241 	return NULL;
    242 }
    243 
    244 static const type_t *
    245 sym_type(const sym_t *sym)
    246 {
    247 
    248 	return sym != NULL ? sym->s_type : NULL;
    249 }
    250 
    251 static const type_t *
    252 look_up_member_type(const type_t *tp, const char *name)
    253 {
    254 	const sym_t *member;
    255 
    256 	member = look_up_member(tp, name);
    257 	if (member == NULL) {
    258 		/* type '%s' does not have member '%s' */
    259 		error(101, type_name(tp), name);
    260 	}
    261 
    262 	return sym_type(member);
    263 }
    264 
    265 /*
    266  * C99 6.7.8p22 says that the type of an array of unknown size becomes known
    267  * at the end of its initializer list.
    268  */
    269 static void
    270 update_type_of_array_of_unknown_size(sym_t *sym, size_t size)
    271 {
    272 	type_t *tp;
    273 
    274 	tp = dup_type(sym->s_type);
    275 	tp->t_dim = (int)size;
    276 	tp->t_incomplete_array = false;
    277 	sym->s_type = tp;
    278 }
    279 
    280 
    281 /* In traditional C, bit-fields can be initialized only by integer constants. */
    282 static void
    283 check_bit_field_init(const tnode_t *ln, tspec_t lt, tspec_t rt)
    284 {
    285 
    286 	if (tflag &&
    287 	    is_integer(lt) &&
    288 	    ln->tn_type->t_bitfield &&
    289 	    !is_integer(rt)) {
    290 		/* bit-field initialization is illegal in traditional C */
    291 		warning(186);
    292 	}
    293 }
    294 
    295 static void
    296 check_non_constant_initializer(const tnode_t *tn, const sym_t *sym)
    297 {
    298 	const sym_t *unused_sym;
    299 	ptrdiff_t unused_offs;
    300 
    301 	if (tn == NULL || tn->tn_op == CON)
    302 		return;
    303 
    304 	if (constant_addr(tn, &unused_sym, &unused_offs))
    305 		return;
    306 
    307 	if (has_automatic_storage_duration(sym)) {
    308 		/* non-constant initializer */
    309 		c99ism(177);
    310 	} else {
    311 		/* non-constant initializer */
    312 		error(177);
    313 	}
    314 }
    315 
    316 static void
    317 check_trad_no_auto_aggregate(const sym_t *sym)
    318 {
    319 
    320 	if (has_automatic_storage_duration(sym) &&
    321 	    !is_scalar(sym->s_type->t_tspec)) {
    322 		/* no automatic aggregate initialization in trad. C */
    323 		warning(188);
    324 	}
    325 }
    326 
    327 static void
    328 check_init_expr(const type_t *tp, sym_t *sym, tnode_t *tn)
    329 {
    330 	tnode_t *ln;
    331 	type_t *ltp;
    332 	tspec_t lt, rt;
    333 	struct memory_block *tmem;
    334 
    335 	ltp = expr_unqualified_type(tp);
    336 
    337 	/* Create a temporary node for the left side. */
    338 	ln = expr_zalloc(sizeof(*ln));
    339 	ln->tn_op = NAME;
    340 	ln->tn_type = ltp;
    341 	ln->tn_lvalue = true;
    342 	ln->tn_sym = sym;
    343 
    344 	tn = cconv(tn);
    345 
    346 	lt = ln->tn_type->t_tspec;
    347 	rt = tn->tn_type->t_tspec;
    348 
    349 	debug_step("typeok '%s', '%s'",
    350 	    type_name(ln->tn_type), type_name(tn->tn_type));
    351 	if (!typeok(INIT, 0, ln, tn))
    352 		return;
    353 
    354 	/*
    355 	 * Preserve the tree memory. This is necessary because otherwise
    356 	 * expr() would free it.
    357 	 */
    358 	tmem = expr_save_memory();
    359 	expr(tn, true, false, true, false);
    360 	expr_restore_memory(tmem);
    361 
    362 	check_bit_field_init(ln, lt, rt);
    363 
    364 	/*
    365 	 * XXX: Is it correct to do this conversion _after_ the typeok above?
    366 	 */
    367 	if (lt != rt || (tp->t_bitfield && tn->tn_op == CON))
    368 		tn = convert(INIT, 0, unconst_cast(tp), tn);
    369 
    370 	check_non_constant_initializer(tn, sym);
    371 }
    372 
    373 
    374 static struct designator *
    375 designator_new(const char *name, size_t subscript)
    376 {
    377 	struct designator *dr;
    378 
    379 	dr = xcalloc(1, sizeof(*dr));
    380 	dr->dr_name = name;
    381 	dr->dr_subscript = subscript;
    382 	return dr;
    383 }
    384 
    385 static void
    386 designator_free(struct designator *dr)
    387 {
    388 
    389 	free(dr);
    390 }
    391 
    392 
    393 static const type_t *
    394 designator_look_up(const struct designator *dr, const type_t *tp)
    395 {
    396 	switch (tp->t_tspec) {
    397 	case STRUCT:
    398 	case UNION:
    399 		if (dr->dr_name == NULL) {
    400 			/* syntax error '%s' */
    401 			error(249, "designator '[...]' is only for arrays");
    402 			return sym_type(first_named_member(tp));
    403 		}
    404 
    405 		return look_up_member_type(tp, dr->dr_name);
    406 	case ARRAY:
    407 		if (dr->dr_name != NULL) {
    408 			/* syntax error '%s' */
    409 			error(249,
    410 			    "designator '.member' is only for struct/union");
    411 		}
    412 		if (!tp->t_incomplete_array &&
    413 		    dr->dr_subscript >= (size_t)tp->t_dim) {
    414 			/* array subscript cannot be > %d: %ld */
    415 			error(168, tp->t_dim - 1, (long)dr->dr_subscript);
    416 		}
    417 		return tp->t_subt;
    418 	default:
    419 		/* syntax error '%s' */
    420 		error(249, "scalar type cannot use designator");
    421 		return tp;
    422 	}
    423 }
    424 
    425 
    426 #ifdef DEBUG
    427 static void
    428 designation_debug(const struct designation *dn)
    429 {
    430 	const struct designator *dr;
    431 
    432 	if (dn->dn_head == NULL)
    433 		return;
    434 
    435 	debug_indent();
    436 	debug_printf("designation: ");
    437 	for (dr = dn->dn_head; dr != NULL; dr = dr->dr_next) {
    438 		if (dr->dr_name != NULL) {
    439 			debug_printf(".%s", dr->dr_name);
    440 			lint_assert(dr->dr_subscript == 0);
    441 		} else
    442 			debug_printf("[%zu]", dr->dr_subscript);
    443 	}
    444 	debug_printf("\n");
    445 }
    446 #else
    447 #define designation_debug(dn) do { } while (false)
    448 #endif
    449 
    450 static void
    451 designation_add(struct designation *dn, const char *name, size_t subscript)
    452 {
    453 	struct designator *dr;
    454 
    455 	dr = designator_new(name, subscript);
    456 
    457 	if (dn->dn_head != NULL) {
    458 		dn->dn_tail->dr_next = dr;
    459 		dn->dn_tail = dr;
    460 	} else {
    461 		dn->dn_head = dr;
    462 		dn->dn_tail = dr;
    463 	}
    464 }
    465 
    466 /*
    467  * Starting at the type of the current object, resolve the type of the
    468  * sub-object by following each designator in the list.
    469  *
    470  * C99 6.7.8p18
    471  */
    472 static const type_t *
    473 designation_look_up(const struct designation *dn, const type_t *tp)
    474 {
    475 	const struct designator *dr;
    476 
    477 	for (dr = dn->dn_head; dr != NULL && tp != NULL; dr = dr->dr_next)
    478 		tp = designator_look_up(dr, tp);
    479 	return tp;
    480 }
    481 
    482 static void
    483 designation_reset(struct designation *dn)
    484 {
    485 	struct designator *dr, *next;
    486 
    487 	for (dr = dn->dn_head; dr != NULL; dr = next) {
    488 		next = dr->dr_next;
    489 		designator_free(dr);
    490 	}
    491 
    492 	dn->dn_head = NULL;
    493 	dn->dn_tail = NULL;
    494 }
    495 
    496 
    497 static struct brace_level *
    498 brace_level_new(const type_t *tp, struct brace_level *enclosing)
    499 {
    500 	struct brace_level *bl;
    501 
    502 	bl = xcalloc(1, sizeof(*bl));
    503 	bl->bl_type = tp;
    504 	bl->bl_enclosing = enclosing;
    505 	if (is_struct_or_union(tp->t_tspec))
    506 		bl->bl_member = first_named_member(tp);
    507 
    508 	return bl;
    509 }
    510 
    511 static void
    512 brace_level_free(struct brace_level *bl)
    513 {
    514 
    515 	designation_reset(&bl->bl_designation);
    516 	free(bl);
    517 }
    518 
    519 #ifdef DEBUG
    520 static void
    521 brace_level_debug(const struct brace_level *bl)
    522 {
    523 
    524 	lint_assert(bl->bl_type != NULL);
    525 	lint_assert(bl->bl_member == NULL || !is_unnamed(bl->bl_member));
    526 
    527 	debug_printf("type '%s'", type_name(bl->bl_type));
    528 
    529 	if (is_struct_or_union(bl->bl_type->t_tspec) && bl->bl_member != NULL)
    530 		debug_printf(", member '%s'", bl->bl_member->s_name);
    531 	if (bl->bl_type->t_tspec == ARRAY)
    532 		debug_printf(", subscript %zu", bl->bl_subscript);
    533 
    534 	debug_printf("\n");
    535 }
    536 #else
    537 #define brace_level_debug(level) do { } while (false)
    538 #endif
    539 
    540 static const type_t *
    541 brace_level_sub_type_struct_or_union(const struct brace_level *bl)
    542 {
    543 
    544 	if (bl->bl_member == NULL) {
    545 		/* too many struct/union initializers */
    546 		error(172);
    547 		return NULL;
    548 	}
    549 
    550 	lint_assert(!is_unnamed(bl->bl_member));
    551 	return sym_type(bl->bl_member);
    552 }
    553 
    554 static const type_t *
    555 brace_level_sub_type_array(const struct brace_level *bl, bool is_string)
    556 {
    557 
    558 	if (!bl->bl_confused && !bl->bl_type->t_incomplete_array &&
    559 	    bl->bl_subscript >= (size_t)bl->bl_type->t_dim) {
    560 		/* too many array initializers, expected %d */
    561 		error(173, bl->bl_type->t_dim);
    562 	}
    563 
    564 	if (is_string && bl->bl_subscript == 0 &&
    565 	    bl->bl_type->t_subt->t_tspec != ARRAY)
    566 		return bl->bl_type;
    567 
    568 	return bl->bl_type->t_subt;
    569 }
    570 
    571 static const type_t *
    572 brace_level_sub_type_scalar(const struct brace_level *bl)
    573 {
    574 
    575 	if (bl->bl_scalar_done) {
    576 		/* too many initializers */
    577 		error(174);
    578 	}
    579 
    580 	return bl->bl_type;
    581 }
    582 
    583 /* Return the type of the sub-object that is currently being initialized. */
    584 static const type_t *
    585 brace_level_sub_type(const struct brace_level *bl, bool is_string)
    586 {
    587 
    588 	if (bl->bl_designation.dn_head != NULL)
    589 		return designation_look_up(&bl->bl_designation, bl->bl_type);
    590 
    591 	switch (bl->bl_type->t_tspec) {
    592 	case STRUCT:
    593 	case UNION:
    594 		return brace_level_sub_type_struct_or_union(bl);
    595 	case ARRAY:
    596 		return brace_level_sub_type_array(bl, is_string);
    597 	default:
    598 		return brace_level_sub_type_scalar(bl);
    599 	}
    600 }
    601 
    602 /* C99 6.7.8p17 */
    603 static void
    604 brace_level_apply_designation(struct brace_level *bl)
    605 {
    606 	const struct designator *dr = bl->bl_designation.dn_head;
    607 
    608 	if (dr == NULL)
    609 		return;
    610 
    611 	designation_debug(&bl->bl_designation);
    612 
    613 	switch (bl->bl_type->t_tspec) {
    614 	case STRUCT:
    615 	case UNION:
    616 		if (dr->dr_name == NULL)
    617 			return;	/* error, silently ignored */
    618 		bl->bl_member = look_up_member(bl->bl_type, dr->dr_name);
    619 		break;
    620 	case ARRAY:
    621 		if (dr->dr_name != NULL)
    622 			return;	/* error, silently ignored */
    623 		bl->bl_subscript = dr->dr_subscript;
    624 		break;
    625 	default:
    626 		break;		/* error, silently ignored */
    627 	}
    628 }
    629 
    630 /*
    631  * After initializing a sub-object, advance to the next sub-object.
    632  *
    633  * C99 6.7.8p17
    634  */
    635 static void
    636 brace_level_advance(struct brace_level *bl)
    637 {
    638 
    639 	switch (bl->bl_type->t_tspec) {
    640 	case STRUCT:
    641 		lint_assert(bl->bl_member != NULL);
    642 		bl->bl_member = skip_unnamed(bl->bl_member->s_next);
    643 		break;
    644 	case UNION:
    645 		bl->bl_member = NULL;
    646 		break;
    647 	case ARRAY:
    648 		bl->bl_subscript++;
    649 		if (bl->bl_subscript > bl->bl_max_subscript)
    650 			bl->bl_max_subscript = bl->bl_subscript;
    651 		break;
    652 	default:
    653 		bl->bl_scalar_done = true;
    654 		break;
    655 	}
    656 }
    657 
    658 
    659 static struct initialization *
    660 initialization_new(sym_t *sym)
    661 {
    662 	struct initialization *in;
    663 
    664 	in = xcalloc(1, sizeof(*in));
    665 	in->in_sym = sym;
    666 
    667 	return in;
    668 }
    669 
    670 static void
    671 initialization_free(struct initialization *in)
    672 {
    673 	struct brace_level *bl, *next;
    674 
    675 	for (bl = in->in_brace_level; bl != NULL; bl = next) {
    676 		next = bl->bl_enclosing;
    677 		brace_level_free(bl);
    678 	}
    679 
    680 	free(in);
    681 }
    682 
    683 #ifdef DEBUG
    684 static void
    685 initialization_debug(const struct initialization *in)
    686 {
    687 	size_t i;
    688 	const struct brace_level *bl;
    689 
    690 	if (in->in_brace_level == NULL) {
    691 		debug_step("no brace level");
    692 		return;
    693 	}
    694 
    695 	i = 0;
    696 	for (bl = in->in_brace_level; bl != NULL; bl = bl->bl_enclosing) {
    697 		debug_indent();
    698 		debug_printf("brace level %zu: ", i);
    699 		brace_level_debug(bl);
    700 		i++;
    701 	}
    702 }
    703 #else
    704 #define initialization_debug(in) do { } while (false)
    705 #endif
    706 
    707 /*
    708  * Return the type of the object or sub-object that is currently being
    709  * initialized.
    710  */
    711 static const type_t *
    712 initialization_sub_type(struct initialization *in, bool is_string)
    713 {
    714 	const type_t *tp;
    715 
    716 	tp = in->in_brace_level != NULL
    717 	    ? brace_level_sub_type(in->in_brace_level, is_string)
    718 	    : in->in_sym->s_type;
    719 	if (tp == NULL)
    720 		in->in_err = true;
    721 	return tp;
    722 }
    723 
    724 static void
    725 initialization_begin_brace_level(struct initialization *in)
    726 {
    727 	const type_t *tp;
    728 
    729 	if (in->in_err)
    730 		return;
    731 
    732 	debug_enter();
    733 
    734 	tp = initialization_sub_type(in, false);
    735 	if (tp == NULL) {
    736 		in->in_err = true;
    737 		goto done;
    738 	}
    739 
    740 	if (tflag && in->in_brace_level == NULL)
    741 		check_trad_no_auto_aggregate(in->in_sym);
    742 
    743 	if (tflag && tp->t_tspec == UNION) {
    744 		/* initialization of union is illegal in traditional C */
    745 		warning(238);
    746 	}
    747 
    748 	if (tp->t_tspec == STRUCT && tp->t_str->sou_incomplete) {
    749 		/* initialization of incomplete type '%s' */
    750 		error(175, type_name(tp));
    751 		in->in_err = true;
    752 		goto done;
    753 	}
    754 
    755 	if (in->in_brace_level != NULL)
    756 		brace_level_apply_designation(in->in_brace_level);
    757 
    758 	in->in_brace_level = brace_level_new(tp, in->in_brace_level);
    759 
    760 done:
    761 	initialization_debug(in);
    762 	debug_leave();
    763 }
    764 
    765 /* C99 6.7.8p22 */
    766 static void
    767 initialization_set_size_of_unknown_array(struct initialization *in)
    768 {
    769 
    770 	if (in->in_sym->s_type->t_incomplete_array &&
    771 	    in->in_brace_level->bl_enclosing == NULL)
    772 		update_type_of_array_of_unknown_size(in->in_sym,
    773 		    in->in_brace_level->bl_max_subscript);
    774 }
    775 
    776 static void
    777 initialization_end_brace_level(struct initialization *in)
    778 {
    779 	struct brace_level *bl;
    780 
    781 	if (in->in_err)
    782 		return;
    783 
    784 	debug_enter();
    785 
    786 	initialization_set_size_of_unknown_array(in);
    787 
    788 	bl = in->in_brace_level;
    789 	in->in_brace_level = bl->bl_enclosing;
    790 	brace_level_free(bl);
    791 	bl = in->in_brace_level;
    792 
    793 	if (bl != NULL)
    794 		brace_level_advance(bl);
    795 	if (bl != NULL)
    796 		designation_reset(&bl->bl_designation);
    797 
    798 	initialization_debug(in);
    799 	debug_leave();
    800 }
    801 
    802 static void
    803 initialization_add_designator(struct initialization *in,
    804 			      const char *name, size_t subscript)
    805 {
    806 
    807 	if (in->in_err)
    808 		return;
    809 
    810 	lint_assert(in->in_brace_level != NULL);
    811 	designation_add(&in->in_brace_level->bl_designation, name, subscript);
    812 }
    813 
    814 /*
    815  * Initialize an object with automatic storage duration that has an
    816  * initializer expression without braces.
    817  */
    818 static bool
    819 initialization_expr_using_op(struct initialization *in, tnode_t *rn)
    820 {
    821 	tnode_t *ln, *tn;
    822 
    823 	if (!has_automatic_storage_duration(in->in_sym))
    824 		return false;
    825 	if (in->in_brace_level != NULL)
    826 		return false;
    827 	if (in->in_sym->s_type->t_tspec == ARRAY)
    828 		return false;
    829 
    830 	debug_step("handing over to INIT");
    831 
    832 	ln = build_name(in->in_sym, 0);
    833 	ln->tn_type = expr_unqualified_type(ln->tn_type);
    834 
    835 	tn = build_binary(ln, INIT, rn);
    836 	expr(tn, false, false, false, false);
    837 
    838 	return true;
    839 }
    840 
    841 /* Initialize a character array or wchar_t array with a string literal. */
    842 static bool
    843 initialization_init_array_using_string(struct initialization *in, tnode_t *tn)
    844 {
    845 	struct brace_level *bl;
    846 	const type_t *tp;
    847 	strg_t	*strg;
    848 
    849 	if (tn->tn_op != STRING)
    850 		return false;
    851 
    852 	bl = in->in_brace_level;
    853 	tp = initialization_sub_type(in, true);
    854 	strg = tn->tn_string;
    855 
    856 	if (!is_string_array(tp, strg->st_tspec))
    857 		return false;
    858 	if (bl != NULL && tp->t_tspec != ARRAY && bl->bl_subscript != 0)
    859 		return false;
    860 
    861 	if (!tp->t_incomplete_array && tp->t_dim < (int)strg->st_len) {
    862 		/* non-null byte ignored in string initializer */
    863 		warning(187);
    864 	}
    865 
    866 	if (tp == in->in_sym->s_type && tp->t_incomplete_array) {
    867 		if (bl != NULL) {
    868 			bl->bl_subscript = strg->st_len;
    869 			/* see brace_level_advance for the +1 */
    870 			/* see initialization_set_size_of_unknown_array */
    871 		} else
    872 			update_type_of_array_of_unknown_size(in->in_sym,
    873 			    strg->st_len + 1);
    874 	}
    875 
    876 	return true;
    877 }
    878 
    879 /*
    880  * Initialize a single sub-object as part of the currently ongoing
    881  * initialization.
    882  */
    883 static void
    884 initialization_expr(struct initialization *in, tnode_t *tn)
    885 {
    886 	struct brace_level *bl;
    887 	const type_t *tp;
    888 
    889 	if (in->in_err)
    890 		return;
    891 
    892 	bl = in->in_brace_level;
    893 	if (bl != NULL && bl->bl_confused)
    894 		return;
    895 
    896 	debug_enter();
    897 
    898 	if (tn == NULL)
    899 		goto advance;
    900 	if (initialization_expr_using_op(in, tn))
    901 		goto done;
    902 	if (initialization_init_array_using_string(in, tn))
    903 		goto advance;
    904 
    905 	if (bl != NULL)
    906 		brace_level_apply_designation(bl);
    907 	tp = initialization_sub_type(in, false);
    908 	if (tp == NULL)
    909 		goto done;
    910 
    911 	if (bl == NULL && !is_scalar(tp->t_tspec)) {
    912 		/* {}-enclosed initializer required */
    913 		error(181);
    914 		goto done;
    915 	}
    916 
    917 	/*
    918 	 * Hack to accept initializations with omitted braces, see
    919 	 * c99_6_7_8_p28_example5 in test d_c99_init.c.  Since both GCC and
    920 	 * Clang already warn about this at level -Wall, there is no point
    921 	 * in repeating the same check in lint.  If needed, support for these
    922 	 * edge cases could be added, but that would increase the complexity.
    923 	 */
    924 	if (is_scalar(tn->tn_type->t_tspec) &&
    925 	    (tp->t_tspec == ARRAY || is_struct_or_union(tp->t_tspec)) &&
    926 	    bl != NULL) {
    927 		bl->bl_confused = true;
    928 		goto done;
    929 	}
    930 
    931 	debug_step("expecting '%s', expression has '%s'",
    932 	    type_name(tp), type_name(tn->tn_type));
    933 	check_init_expr(tp, in->in_sym, tn);
    934 
    935 advance:
    936 	if (bl != NULL)
    937 		brace_level_advance(bl);
    938 done:
    939 	if (bl != NULL)
    940 		designation_reset(&bl->bl_designation);
    941 
    942 	initialization_debug(in);
    943 	debug_leave();
    944 }
    945 
    946 
    947 static struct initialization *init;
    948 
    949 
    950 static struct initialization *
    951 current_init(void)
    952 {
    953 
    954 	lint_assert(init != NULL);
    955 	return init;
    956 }
    957 
    958 sym_t **
    959 current_initsym(void)
    960 {
    961 
    962 	return &current_init()->in_sym;
    963 }
    964 
    965 void
    966 begin_initialization(sym_t *sym)
    967 {
    968 	struct initialization *in;
    969 
    970 	debug_step("begin initialization of '%s'", type_name(sym->s_type));
    971 	debug_indent_inc();
    972 
    973 	in = initialization_new(sym);
    974 	in->in_enclosing = init;
    975 	init = in;
    976 }
    977 
    978 void
    979 end_initialization(void)
    980 {
    981 	struct initialization *in;
    982 
    983 	in = init;
    984 	init = in->in_enclosing;
    985 	initialization_free(in);
    986 
    987 	debug_indent_dec();
    988 	debug_step("end initialization");
    989 }
    990 
    991 void
    992 add_designator_member(sbuf_t *sb)
    993 {
    994 
    995 	initialization_add_designator(current_init(), sb->sb_name, 0);
    996 }
    997 
    998 void
    999 add_designator_subscript(range_t range)
   1000 {
   1001 
   1002 	initialization_add_designator(current_init(), NULL, range.hi);
   1003 }
   1004 
   1005 void
   1006 init_lbrace(void)
   1007 {
   1008 
   1009 	initialization_begin_brace_level(current_init());
   1010 }
   1011 
   1012 void
   1013 init_expr(tnode_t *tn)
   1014 {
   1015 
   1016 	initialization_expr(current_init(), tn);
   1017 }
   1018 
   1019 void
   1020 init_rbrace(void)
   1021 {
   1022 
   1023 	initialization_end_brace_level(current_init());
   1024 }
   1025