traceroute6.c revision 1.2
1 /* 2 * Copyright (C) 1995, 1996, 1997, and 1998 WIDE Project. 3 * All rights reserved. 4 * 5 * Redistribution and use in source and binary forms, with or without 6 * modification, are permitted provided that the following conditions 7 * are met: 8 * 1. Redistributions of source code must retain the above copyright 9 * notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer. 10 * 2. Redistributions in binary form must reproduce the above copyright 11 * notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer in the 12 * documentation and/or other materials provided with the distribution. 13 * 3. Neither the name of the project nor the names of its contributors 14 * may be used to endorse or promote products derived from this software 15 * without specific prior written permission. 16 * 17 * THIS SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED BY THE PROJECT AND CONTRIBUTORS ``AS IS'' AND 18 * ANY EXPRESS OR IMPLIED WARRANTIES, INCLUDING, BUT NOT LIMITED TO, THE 19 * IMPLIED WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY AND FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE 20 * ARE DISCLAIMED. IN NO EVENT SHALL THE PROJECT OR CONTRIBUTORS BE LIABLE 21 * FOR ANY DIRECT, INDIRECT, INCIDENTAL, SPECIAL, EXEMPLARY, OR CONSEQUENTIAL 22 * DAMAGES (INCLUDING, BUT NOT LIMITED TO, PROCUREMENT OF SUBSTITUTE GOODS 23 * OR SERVICES; LOSS OF USE, DATA, OR PROFITS; OR BUSINESS INTERRUPTION) 24 * HOWEVER CAUSED AND ON ANY THEORY OF LIABILITY, WHETHER IN CONTRACT, STRICT 25 * LIABILITY, OR TORT (INCLUDING NEGLIGENCE OR OTHERWISE) ARISING IN ANY WAY 26 * OUT OF THE USE OF THIS SOFTWARE, EVEN IF ADVISED OF THE POSSIBILITY OF 27 * SUCH DAMAGE. 28 */ 29 30 /*- 31 * Copyright (c) 1990, 1993 32 * The Regents of the University of California. All rights reserved. 33 * 34 * This code is derived from software contributed to Berkeley by 35 * Van Jacobson. 36 * 37 * Redistribution and use in source and binary forms, with or without 38 * modification, are permitted provided that the following conditions 39 * are met: 40 * 1. Redistributions of source code must retain the above copyright 41 * notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer. 42 * 2. Redistributions in binary form must reproduce the above copyright 43 * notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer in the 44 * documentation and/or other materials provided with the distribution. 45 * 3. All advertising materials mentioning features or use of this software 46 * must display the following acknowledgement: 47 * This product includes software developed by the University of 48 * California, Berkeley and its contributors. 49 * 4. Neither the name of the University nor the names of its contributors 50 * may be used to endorse or promote products derived from this software 51 * without specific prior written permission. 52 * 53 * THIS SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED BY THE REGENTS AND CONTRIBUTORS ``AS IS'' AND 54 * ANY EXPRESS OR IMPLIED WARRANTIES, INCLUDING, BUT NOT LIMITED TO, THE 55 * IMPLIED WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY AND FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE 56 * ARE DISCLAIMED. IN NO EVENT SHALL THE REGENTS OR CONTRIBUTORS BE LIABLE 57 * FOR ANY DIRECT, INDIRECT, INCIDENTAL, SPECIAL, EXEMPLARY, OR CONSEQUENTIAL 58 * DAMAGES (INCLUDING, BUT NOT LIMITED TO, PROCUREMENT OF SUBSTITUTE GOODS 59 * OR SERVICES; LOSS OF USE, DATA, OR PROFITS; OR BUSINESS INTERRUPTION) 60 * HOWEVER CAUSED AND ON ANY THEORY OF LIABILITY, WHETHER IN CONTRACT, STRICT 61 * LIABILITY, OR TORT (INCLUDING NEGLIGENCE OR OTHERWISE) ARISING IN ANY WAY 62 * OUT OF THE USE OF THIS SOFTWARE, EVEN IF ADVISED OF THE POSSIBILITY OF 63 * SUCH DAMAGE. 64 */ 65 66 #include <sys/cdefs.h> 67 #ifndef lint 68 #if 0 69 static char copyright[] = 70 "@(#) Copyright (c) 1990, 1993\n\ 71 The Regents of the University of California. All rights reserved.\n"; 72 #endif 73 #endif /* not lint */ 74 75 #ifndef lint 76 #if 0 77 static char sccsid[] = "@(#)traceroute.c 8.1 (Berkeley) 6/6/93"; 78 #else 79 __RCSID("@(#)traceroute.c 8.1 (Berkeley) 6/6/93"); 80 #endif 81 #endif /* not lint */ 82 83 /* 84 * traceroute host - trace the route ip packets follow going to "host". 85 * 86 * Attempt to trace the route an ip packet would follow to some 87 * internet host. We find out intermediate hops by launching probe 88 * packets with a small ttl (time to live) then listening for an 89 * icmp "time exceeded" reply from a gateway. We start our probes 90 * with a ttl of one and increase by one until we get an icmp "port 91 * unreachable" (which means we got to "host") or hit a max (which 92 * defaults to 30 hops & can be changed with the -m flag). Three 93 * probes (change with -q flag) are sent at each ttl setting and a 94 * line is printed showing the ttl, address of the gateway and 95 * round trip time of each probe. If the probe answers come from 96 * different gateways, the address of each responding system will 97 * be printed. If there is no response within a 5 sec. timeout 98 * interval (changed with the -w flag), a "*" is printed for that 99 * probe. 100 * 101 * Probe packets are UDP format. We don't want the destination 102 * host to process them so the destination port is set to an 103 * unlikely value (if some clod on the destination is using that 104 * value, it can be changed with the -p flag). 105 * 106 * A sample use might be: 107 * 108 * [yak 71]% traceroute nis.nsf.net. 109 * traceroute to nis.nsf.net (35.1.1.48), 30 hops max, 56 byte packet 110 * 1 helios.ee.lbl.gov (128.3.112.1) 19 ms 19 ms 0 ms 111 * 2 lilac-dmc.Berkeley.EDU (128.32.216.1) 39 ms 39 ms 19 ms 112 * 3 lilac-dmc.Berkeley.EDU (128.32.216.1) 39 ms 39 ms 19 ms 113 * 4 ccngw-ner-cc.Berkeley.EDU (128.32.136.23) 39 ms 40 ms 39 ms 114 * 5 ccn-nerif22.Berkeley.EDU (128.32.168.22) 39 ms 39 ms 39 ms 115 * 6 128.32.197.4 (128.32.197.4) 40 ms 59 ms 59 ms 116 * 7 131.119.2.5 (131.119.2.5) 59 ms 59 ms 59 ms 117 * 8 129.140.70.13 (129.140.70.13) 99 ms 99 ms 80 ms 118 * 9 129.140.71.6 (129.140.71.6) 139 ms 239 ms 319 ms 119 * 10 129.140.81.7 (129.140.81.7) 220 ms 199 ms 199 ms 120 * 11 nic.merit.edu (35.1.1.48) 239 ms 239 ms 239 ms 121 * 122 * Note that lines 2 & 3 are the same. This is due to a buggy 123 * kernel on the 2nd hop system -- lbl-csam.arpa -- that forwards 124 * packets with a zero ttl. 125 * 126 * A more interesting example is: 127 * 128 * [yak 72]% traceroute allspice.lcs.mit.edu. 129 * traceroute to allspice.lcs.mit.edu (18.26.0.115), 30 hops max 130 * 1 helios.ee.lbl.gov (128.3.112.1) 0 ms 0 ms 0 ms 131 * 2 lilac-dmc.Berkeley.EDU (128.32.216.1) 19 ms 19 ms 19 ms 132 * 3 lilac-dmc.Berkeley.EDU (128.32.216.1) 39 ms 19 ms 19 ms 133 * 4 ccngw-ner-cc.Berkeley.EDU (128.32.136.23) 19 ms 39 ms 39 ms 134 * 5 ccn-nerif22.Berkeley.EDU (128.32.168.22) 20 ms 39 ms 39 ms 135 * 6 128.32.197.4 (128.32.197.4) 59 ms 119 ms 39 ms 136 * 7 131.119.2.5 (131.119.2.5) 59 ms 59 ms 39 ms 137 * 8 129.140.70.13 (129.140.70.13) 80 ms 79 ms 99 ms 138 * 9 129.140.71.6 (129.140.71.6) 139 ms 139 ms 159 ms 139 * 10 129.140.81.7 (129.140.81.7) 199 ms 180 ms 300 ms 140 * 11 129.140.72.17 (129.140.72.17) 300 ms 239 ms 239 ms 141 * 12 * * * 142 * 13 128.121.54.72 (128.121.54.72) 259 ms 499 ms 279 ms 143 * 14 * * * 144 * 15 * * * 145 * 16 * * * 146 * 17 * * * 147 * 18 ALLSPICE.LCS.MIT.EDU (18.26.0.115) 339 ms 279 ms 279 ms 148 * 149 * (I start to see why I'm having so much trouble with mail to 150 * MIT.) Note that the gateways 12, 14, 15, 16 & 17 hops away 151 * either don't send ICMP "time exceeded" messages or send them 152 * with a ttl too small to reach us. 14 - 17 are running the 153 * MIT C Gateway code that doesn't send "time exceeded"s. God 154 * only knows what's going on with 12. 155 * 156 * The silent gateway 12 in the above may be the result of a bug in 157 * the 4.[23]BSD network code (and its derivatives): 4.x (x <= 3) 158 * sends an unreachable message using whatever ttl remains in the 159 * original datagram. Since, for gateways, the remaining ttl is 160 * zero, the icmp "time exceeded" is guaranteed to not make it back 161 * to us. The behavior of this bug is slightly more interesting 162 * when it appears on the destination system: 163 * 164 * 1 helios.ee.lbl.gov (128.3.112.1) 0 ms 0 ms 0 ms 165 * 2 lilac-dmc.Berkeley.EDU (128.32.216.1) 39 ms 19 ms 39 ms 166 * 3 lilac-dmc.Berkeley.EDU (128.32.216.1) 19 ms 39 ms 19 ms 167 * 4 ccngw-ner-cc.Berkeley.EDU (128.32.136.23) 39 ms 40 ms 19 ms 168 * 5 ccn-nerif35.Berkeley.EDU (128.32.168.35) 39 ms 39 ms 39 ms 169 * 6 csgw.Berkeley.EDU (128.32.133.254) 39 ms 59 ms 39 ms 170 * 7 * * * 171 * 8 * * * 172 * 9 * * * 173 * 10 * * * 174 * 11 * * * 175 * 12 * * * 176 * 13 rip.Berkeley.EDU (128.32.131.22) 59 ms ! 39 ms ! 39 ms ! 177 * 178 * Notice that there are 12 "gateways" (13 is the final 179 * destination) and exactly the last half of them are "missing". 180 * What's really happening is that rip (a Sun-3 running Sun OS3.5) 181 * is using the ttl from our arriving datagram as the ttl in its 182 * icmp reply. So, the reply will time out on the return path 183 * (with no notice sent to anyone since icmp's aren't sent for 184 * icmp's) until we probe with a ttl that's at least twice the path 185 * length. I.e., rip is really only 7 hops away. A reply that 186 * returns with a ttl of 1 is a clue this problem exists. 187 * Traceroute prints a "!" after the time if the ttl is <= 1. 188 * Since vendors ship a lot of obsolete (DEC's Ultrix, Sun 3.x) or 189 * non-standard (HPUX) software, expect to see this problem 190 * frequently and/or take care picking the target host of your 191 * probes. 192 * 193 * Other possible annotations after the time are !H, !N, !P (got a host, 194 * network or protocol unreachable, respectively), !S or !F (source 195 * route failed or fragmentation needed -- neither of these should 196 * ever occur and the associated gateway is busted if you see one). If 197 * almost all the probes result in some kind of unreachable, traceroute 198 * will give up and exit. 199 * 200 * Notes 201 * ----- 202 * This program must be run by root or be setuid. (I suggest that 203 * you *don't* make it setuid -- casual use could result in a lot 204 * of unnecessary traffic on our poor, congested nets.) 205 * 206 * This program requires a kernel mod that does not appear in any 207 * system available from Berkeley: A raw ip socket using proto 208 * IPPROTO_RAW must interpret the data sent as an ip datagram (as 209 * opposed to data to be wrapped in a ip datagram). See the README 210 * file that came with the source to this program for a description 211 * of the mods I made to /sys/netinet/raw_ip.c. Your mileage may 212 * vary. But, again, ANY 4.x (x < 4) BSD KERNEL WILL HAVE TO BE 213 * MODIFIED TO RUN THIS PROGRAM. 214 * 215 * The udp port usage may appear bizarre (well, ok, it is bizarre). 216 * The problem is that an icmp message only contains 8 bytes of 217 * data from the original datagram. 8 bytes is the size of a udp 218 * header so, if we want to associate replies with the original 219 * datagram, the necessary information must be encoded into the 220 * udp header (the ip id could be used but there's no way to 221 * interlock with the kernel's assignment of ip id's and, anyway, 222 * it would have taken a lot more kernel hacking to allow this 223 * code to set the ip id). So, to allow two or more users to 224 * use traceroute simultaneously, we use this task's pid as the 225 * source port (the high bit is set to move the port number out 226 * of the "likely" range). To keep track of which probe is being 227 * replied to (so times and/or hop counts don't get confused by a 228 * reply that was delayed in transit), we increment the destination 229 * port number before each probe. 230 * 231 * Don't use this as a coding example. I was trying to find a 232 * routing problem and this code sort-of popped out after 48 hours 233 * without sleep. I was amazed it ever compiled, much less ran. 234 * 235 * I stole the idea for this program from Steve Deering. Since 236 * the first release, I've learned that had I attended the right 237 * IETF working group meetings, I also could have stolen it from Guy 238 * Almes or Matt Mathis. I don't know (or care) who came up with 239 * the idea first. I envy the originators' perspicacity and I'm 240 * glad they didn't keep the idea a secret. 241 * 242 * Tim Seaver, Ken Adelman and C. Philip Wood provided bug fixes and/or 243 * enhancements to the original distribution. 244 * 245 * I've hacked up a round-trip-route version of this that works by 246 * sending a loose-source-routed udp datagram through the destination 247 * back to yourself. Unfortunately, SO many gateways botch source 248 * routing, the thing is almost worthless. Maybe one day... 249 * 250 * -- Van Jacobson (van (at) helios.ee.lbl.gov) 251 * Tue Dec 20 03:50:13 PST 1988 252 */ 253 254 #include <sys/param.h> 255 #include <sys/time.h> 256 #include <sys/socket.h> 257 #include <sys/uio.h> 258 #include <sys/file.h> 259 #include <sys/ioctl.h> 260 261 #include <netinet/in.h> 262 263 #include <arpa/inet.h> 264 265 #include <netdb.h> 266 #include <stdio.h> 267 #include <err.h> 268 #include <errno.h> 269 #include <stdlib.h> 270 #include <string.h> 271 #include <unistd.h> 272 273 #include <netinet/ip6.h> 274 #include <netinet/icmp6.h> 275 #include <netinet/udp.h> 276 277 #ifdef IPSEC 278 #include <net/route.h> 279 #include <netinet6/ipsec.h> 280 #endif 281 282 #define freehostent(hp) 283 #define DUMMY_PORT 10010 284 285 #define MAXPACKET 65535 /* max ip packet size */ 286 #ifndef MAXHOSTNAMELEN 287 #define MAXHOSTNAMELEN 64 288 #endif 289 290 #ifndef FD_SET 291 #define NFDBITS (8*sizeof(fd_set)) 292 #define FD_SETSIZE NFDBITS 293 #define FD_SET(n, p) ((p)->fds_bits[(n)/NFDBITS] |= (1 << ((n) % NFDBITS))) 294 #define FD_CLR(n, p) ((p)->fds_bits[(n)/NFDBITS] &= ~(1 << ((n) % NFDBITS))) 295 #define FD_ISSET(n, p) ((p)->fds_bits[(n)/NFDBITS] & (1 << ((n) % NFDBITS))) 296 #define FD_ZERO(p) bzero((char *)(p), sizeof(*(p))) 297 #endif 298 299 #define Fprintf (void)fprintf 300 #define Sprintf (void)sprintf 301 #define Printf (void)printf 302 303 /* 304 * format of a (udp) probe packet. 305 */ 306 struct opacket { 307 u_char seq; /* sequence number of this packet */ 308 u_char hops; /* hop limit of the packet */ 309 struct timeval tv; /* time packet left */ 310 }; 311 312 u_char packet[512]; /* last inbound (icmp) packet */ 313 struct opacket *outpacket; /* last output (udp) packet */ 314 315 int main __P((int, char *[])); 316 int wait_for_reply __P((int, struct msghdr *)); 317 void send_probe __P((int, int)); 318 struct udphdr *get_udphdr __P((struct ip6_hdr *, u_char *)); 319 int get_hoplim __P((struct msghdr *)); 320 double deltaT __P((struct timeval *, struct timeval *)); 321 char *pr_type __P((int)); 322 int packet_ok __P((struct msghdr *, int, int)); 323 void print __P((struct msghdr *, int)); 324 void tvsub __P((struct timeval *, struct timeval *)); 325 char *inetname __P((struct in6_addr *)); 326 void usage __P((void)); 327 328 int rcvsock; /* receive (icmp) socket file descriptor */ 329 int sndsock; /* send (udp) socket file descriptor */ 330 struct timezone tz; /* leftover */ 331 332 struct msghdr rcvmhdr; 333 struct iovec rcviov[2]; 334 int rcvhlim; 335 struct in6_pktinfo *rcvpktinfo; 336 337 struct sockaddr_in6 Src, Dst, Rcv; 338 struct sockaddr_in6 *src = &Src, *dst = &Dst, *rcv = &Rcv; 339 int datalen; /* How much data */ 340 char rtbuf[1024]; /*XXX*/ 341 struct cmsghdr *cmsg; 342 343 char *source = 0; 344 char *hostname; 345 346 int nprobes = 3; 347 int max_hops = 30; 348 u_short ident; 349 u_short port = 32768+666; /* start udp dest port # for probe packets */ 350 int options; /* socket options */ 351 int verbose; 352 int waittime = 5; /* time to wait for response (in seconds) */ 353 int nflag; /* print addresses numerically */ 354 int lflag; /* print both numerical address & hostname */ 355 356 char ntop_buf[INET6_ADDRSTRLEN]; /* for inet_ntop() */ 357 358 int 359 main(argc, argv) 360 int argc; 361 char *argv[]; 362 { 363 extern char *optarg; 364 extern int optind; 365 struct hostent *hp; 366 int ch, i, on, probe, seq, hops; 367 static u_char rcvcmsgbuf[CMSG_SPACE(sizeof(struct in6_pktinfo)) 368 + CMSG_SPACE(sizeof(int))]; 369 370 on = 1; 371 seq = 0; 372 373 while ((ch = getopt(argc, argv, "dlm:np:q:rs:w:vg:")) != EOF) 374 switch(ch) { 375 case 'd': 376 options |= SO_DEBUG; 377 break; 378 case 'l': 379 lflag++; 380 break; 381 case 'g': 382 hp = gethostbyname2(optarg, AF_INET6); 383 if (hp == NULL) { 384 Fprintf(stderr, 385 "traceroute6: unknown host %s\n", optarg); 386 exit(1); 387 } 388 if (cmsg == NULL) 389 cmsg = inet6_rthdr_init(rtbuf, IPV6_RTHDR_TYPE_0); 390 inet6_rthdr_add(cmsg, (struct in6_addr *)hp->h_addr, IPV6_RTHDR_LOOSE); 391 break; 392 case 'm': 393 max_hops = atoi(optarg); 394 if (max_hops <= 1) { 395 Fprintf(stderr, 396 "traceroute6: max hoplimit must be >1.\n"); 397 exit(1); 398 } 399 break; 400 case 'n': 401 nflag++; 402 break; 403 case 'p': 404 port = atoi(optarg); 405 if (port < 1) { 406 Fprintf(stderr, 407 "traceroute6: port must be >0.\n"); 408 exit(1); 409 } 410 break; 411 case 'q': 412 nprobes = atoi(optarg); 413 if (nprobes < 1) { 414 Fprintf(stderr, 415 "traceroute6: nprobes must be >0.\n"); 416 exit(1); 417 } 418 break; 419 case 'r': 420 options |= SO_DONTROUTE; 421 break; 422 case 's': 423 /* 424 * set the ip source address of the outbound 425 * probe (e.g., on a multi-homed host). 426 */ 427 source = optarg; 428 break; 429 case 'v': 430 verbose++; 431 break; 432 case 'w': 433 waittime = atoi(optarg); 434 if (waittime <= 1) { 435 Fprintf(stderr, 436 "traceroute6: wait must be >1 sec.\n"); 437 exit(1); 438 } 439 break; 440 default: 441 usage(); 442 } 443 argc -= optind; 444 argv += optind; 445 446 if (argc < 1) 447 usage(); 448 449 #if 1 450 setvbuf(stdout, NULL, _IOLBF, BUFSIZ); 451 #else 452 setlinebuf (stdout); 453 #endif 454 455 (void) bzero((char *)dst, sizeof(Dst)); 456 Dst.sin6_family = AF_INET6; 457 458 hp = (struct hostent *)gethostbyname2(*argv, AF_INET6); 459 if (hp == NULL) { 460 if (inet_pton(AF_INET6, *argv, &Dst.sin6_addr) != 1) { 461 (void)fprintf(stderr, 462 "traceroute6: unknown host %s\n", *argv); 463 exit(1); 464 } 465 hostname = *argv; 466 } else { 467 bcopy(hp->h_addr, (caddr_t)&Dst.sin6_addr, hp->h_length); 468 hostname = strdup(hp->h_name); 469 } 470 freehostent(hp); 471 472 if (*++argv) 473 datalen = atoi(*argv); 474 if (datalen < 0 || datalen >= MAXPACKET - sizeof(struct opacket)) { 475 Fprintf(stderr, 476 "traceroute6: packet size must be 0 <= s < %ld.\n", 477 (long)(MAXPACKET - sizeof(struct opacket))); 478 exit(1); 479 } 480 datalen += sizeof(struct opacket); 481 outpacket = (struct opacket *)malloc((unsigned)datalen); 482 if (! outpacket) { 483 perror("traceroute6: malloc"); 484 exit(1); 485 } 486 (void) bzero((char *)outpacket, datalen); 487 488 /* 489 * Receive ICMP 490 */ 491 if ((rcvsock = socket(AF_INET6, SOCK_RAW, IPPROTO_ICMPV6)) < 0) { 492 perror("traceroute6: icmp socket"); 493 exit(5); 494 } 495 /* initialize msghdr for receiving packets */ 496 rcviov[0].iov_base = (caddr_t)packet; 497 rcviov[0].iov_len = sizeof(packet); 498 rcvmhdr.msg_name = (caddr_t)rcv; 499 rcvmhdr.msg_namelen = sizeof(*rcv); 500 rcvmhdr.msg_iov = rcviov; 501 rcvmhdr.msg_iovlen = 1; 502 rcvmhdr.msg_control = (caddr_t) rcvcmsgbuf; 503 rcvmhdr.msg_controllen = sizeof(rcvcmsgbuf); 504 505 /* specify to tell receiving interface */ 506 if (setsockopt(rcvsock, IPPROTO_IPV6, IPV6_PKTINFO, &on, 507 sizeof(on)) < 0) 508 err(1, "setsockopt(IPV6_PKTINFO)"); 509 510 /* specify to tell value of hoplimit field of received IP6 hdr */ 511 if (setsockopt(rcvsock, IPPROTO_IPV6, IPV6_HOPLIMIT, &on, 512 sizeof(on)) < 0) 513 err(1, "setsockopt(IPV6_HOPLIMIT)"); 514 515 if (options & SO_DEBUG) 516 (void) setsockopt(rcvsock, SOL_SOCKET, SO_DEBUG, 517 (char *)&on, sizeof(on)); 518 if (options & SO_DONTROUTE) 519 (void) setsockopt(rcvsock, SOL_SOCKET, SO_DONTROUTE, 520 (char *)&on, sizeof(on)); 521 #ifdef IPSEC 522 #ifdef IPSEC_POLICY_IPSEC 523 { 524 int len; 525 char buf[16]; 526 if ((len = ipsec_set_policy(buf, sizeof(buf), "bypass")) < 0) 527 errx(1, ipsec_strerror()); 528 if (setsockopt(rcvsock, IPPROTO_IPV6, IPV6_IPSEC_POLICY, 529 buf, len) < 0) 530 err(1, "Unable to set IPSec policy"); 531 } 532 #else 533 { 534 int level = IPSEC_LEVEL_NONE; 535 536 (void)setsockopt(rcvsock, IPPROTO_IPV6, IPV6_ESP_TRANS_LEVEL, &level, 537 sizeof(level)); 538 (void)setsockopt(rcvsock, IPPROTO_IPV6, IPV6_ESP_NETWORK_LEVEL, &level, 539 sizeof(level)); 540 #ifdef IP_AUTH_TRANS_LEVEL 541 (void)setsockopt(rcvsock, IPPROTO_IPV6, IPV6_AUTH_TRANS_LEVEL, &level, 542 sizeof(level)); 543 #else 544 (void)setsockopt(rcvsock, IPPROTO_IPV6, IPV6_AUTH_LEVEL, &level, 545 sizeof(level)); 546 #endif 547 #ifdef IP_AUTH_NETWORK_LEVEL 548 (void)setsockopt(rcvsock, IPPROTO_IPV6, IPV6_AUTH_NETWORK_LEVEL, &level, 549 sizeof(level)); 550 #endif 551 } 552 #endif /*IPSEC_POLICY_IPSEC*/ 553 #endif /*IPSEC*/ 554 555 /* 556 * Send UDP 557 */ 558 if ((sndsock = socket(AF_INET6, SOCK_DGRAM, 0)) < 0) { 559 perror("traceroute6: udp socket"); 560 exit(5); 561 } 562 #ifdef SO_SNDBUF 563 if (setsockopt(sndsock, SOL_SOCKET, SO_SNDBUF, (char *)&datalen, 564 sizeof(datalen)) < 0) { 565 perror("traceroute6: SO_SNDBUF"); 566 exit(6); 567 } 568 #endif /* SO_SNDBUF */ 569 if (options & SO_DEBUG) 570 (void) setsockopt(sndsock, SOL_SOCKET, SO_DEBUG, 571 (char *)&on, sizeof(on)); 572 if (options & SO_DONTROUTE) 573 (void) setsockopt(sndsock, SOL_SOCKET, SO_DONTROUTE, 574 (char *)&on, sizeof(on)); 575 if (cmsg != NULL) { 576 inet6_rthdr_lasthop(cmsg, IPV6_RTHDR_LOOSE); 577 (void) setsockopt(sndsock, IPPROTO_IPV6, IPV6_PKTOPTIONS, 578 rtbuf, cmsg->cmsg_len); 579 } 580 #ifdef IPSEC 581 #ifdef IPSEC_POLICY_IPSEC 582 { 583 int len; 584 char buf[16]; 585 if ((len = ipsec_set_policy(buf, sizeof(buf), "bypass")) < 0) 586 errx(1, ipsec_strerror()); 587 if (setsockopt(sndsock, IPPROTO_IPV6, IPV6_IPSEC_POLICY, 588 buf, len) < 0) 589 err(1, "Unable to set IPSec policy"); 590 } 591 #else 592 { 593 int level = IPSEC_LEVEL_BYPASS; 594 595 (void)setsockopt(sndsock, IPPROTO_IPV6, IPV6_ESP_TRANS_LEVEL, &level, 596 sizeof(level)); 597 (void)setsockopt(sndsock, IPPROTO_IPV6, IPV6_ESP_NETWORK_LEVEL, &level, 598 sizeof(level)); 599 #ifdef IP_AUTH_TRANS_LEVEL 600 (void)setsockopt(sndsock, IPPROTO_IPV6, IPV6_AUTH_TRANS_LEVEL, &level, 601 sizeof(level)); 602 #else 603 (void)setsockopt(sndsock, IPPROTO_IPV6, IPV6_AUTH_LEVEL, &level, 604 sizeof(level)); 605 #endif 606 #ifdef IP_AUTH_NETWORK_LEVEL 607 (void)setsockopt(sndsock, IPPROTO_IPV6, IPV6_AUTH_NETWORK_LEVEL, &level, 608 sizeof(level)); 609 #endif 610 } 611 #endif /*IPSEC_POLICY_IPSEC*/ 612 #endif /*IPSEC*/ 613 614 /* 615 * Source selection 616 */ 617 bzero((char *)src, sizeof(Src)); 618 if (source) { 619 if (inet_pton(AF_INET6, source, &Src.sin6_addr) != 1) { 620 Printf("traceroute6: unknown host %s\n", source); 621 exit(1); 622 } 623 } else { 624 struct sockaddr_in6 Nxt; 625 int dummy, len; 626 627 len = sizeof(Src); 628 Nxt = Dst; 629 Nxt.sin6_port = htons(DUMMY_PORT); 630 if (cmsg != NULL) 631 bcopy(inet6_rthdr_getaddr(cmsg, 1), &Nxt.sin6_addr, 632 sizeof(Nxt.sin6_addr)); 633 if ((dummy = socket(AF_INET6, SOCK_DGRAM, 0)) < 0) { 634 perror("socket") ; 635 } 636 if(-1 == connect(dummy, (struct sockaddr *)&Nxt, sizeof(Nxt))) 637 perror("connect"); 638 if(-1 == getsockname(dummy, (struct sockaddr *)src, &len)) { 639 perror("getsockname"); 640 printf("%d\n", errno); 641 } 642 close(dummy) ; 643 } 644 ident = (getpid() & 0xffff) | 0x8000; 645 Src.sin6_family = AF_INET6; 646 Src.sin6_port = htons(ident); 647 if (bind(sndsock, (struct sockaddr *)src, sizeof(Src)) < 0){ 648 perror ("traceroute6: bind:"); 649 exit (1); 650 } 651 652 /* 653 * Message to users 654 */ 655 Fprintf(stderr, "traceroute to %s (%s)", hostname, 656 inet_ntop(AF_INET6, &Dst.sin6_addr, 657 ntop_buf, sizeof(ntop_buf))); 658 if (source) 659 Fprintf(stderr, " from %s", source); 660 Fprintf(stderr, ", %d hops max, %d byte packets\n", max_hops, datalen); 661 (void) fflush(stderr); 662 663 /* 664 * Main loop 665 */ 666 for (hops = 1; hops <= max_hops; ++hops) { 667 struct in6_addr lastaddr; 668 int got_there = 0; 669 int unreachable = 0; 670 671 Printf("%2d ", hops); 672 bzero(&lastaddr, sizeof(lastaddr)); 673 for (probe = 0; probe < nprobes; ++probe) { 674 int cc; 675 struct timeval t1, t2; 676 struct timezone tz; 677 678 (void) gettimeofday(&t1, &tz); 679 send_probe(++seq, hops); 680 while ((cc = wait_for_reply(rcvsock, &rcvmhdr))) { 681 (void) gettimeofday(&t2, &tz); 682 if ((i = packet_ok(&rcvmhdr, cc, seq))) { 683 if (! IN6_ARE_ADDR_EQUAL(&Rcv.sin6_addr, 684 &lastaddr)) { 685 print(&rcvmhdr, cc); 686 lastaddr = Rcv.sin6_addr; 687 } 688 Printf(" %g ms", deltaT(&t1, &t2)); 689 switch(i - 1) { 690 case ICMP6_DST_UNREACH_NOROUTE: 691 ++unreachable; 692 Printf(" !N"); 693 break; 694 case ICMP6_DST_UNREACH_ADMIN: 695 ++unreachable; 696 Printf(" !P"); 697 break; 698 case ICMP6_DST_UNREACH_NOTNEIGHBOR: 699 ++unreachable; 700 Printf(" !S"); 701 break; 702 case ICMP6_DST_UNREACH_ADDR: 703 ++unreachable; 704 Printf(" !A"); 705 break; 706 case ICMP6_DST_UNREACH_NOPORT: 707 if (rcvhlim >= 0 && 708 rcvhlim <= 1) 709 Printf(" !"); 710 ++got_there; 711 break; 712 } 713 break; 714 } 715 } 716 if (cc == 0) 717 Printf(" *"); 718 (void) fflush(stdout); 719 } 720 putchar('\n'); 721 if (got_there || unreachable >= nprobes-1) 722 exit(0); 723 } 724 725 exit(0); 726 } 727 728 int 729 wait_for_reply(sock, mhdr) 730 int sock; 731 struct msghdr *mhdr; 732 { 733 fd_set fds; 734 struct timeval wait; 735 int cc = 0; 736 737 FD_ZERO(&fds); 738 FD_SET(sock, &fds); 739 wait.tv_sec = waittime; wait.tv_usec = 0; 740 741 if (select(sock+1, &fds, (fd_set *)0, (fd_set *)0, &wait) > 0) 742 cc = recvmsg(rcvsock, mhdr, 0); 743 744 return(cc); 745 } 746 747 748 void 749 send_probe(seq, hops) 750 int seq, hops; 751 { 752 struct opacket *op = outpacket; 753 int i; 754 755 if(setsockopt(sndsock, IPPROTO_IPV6, IPV6_UNICAST_HOPS, 756 (char *)&hops, sizeof(hops)) < 0) { 757 perror("setsockopt IPV6_UNICAST_HOPS"); 758 } 759 760 Dst.sin6_port = htons(port + seq); 761 762 op->seq = seq; 763 op->hops = hops; 764 (void) gettimeofday(&op->tv, &tz); 765 766 i = sendto(sndsock, (char *)outpacket, datalen , 0, 767 (struct sockaddr *)dst, sizeof(Dst)); 768 if (i < 0 || i != datalen) { 769 if (i<0) 770 perror("sendto"); 771 Printf("traceroute6: wrote %s %d chars, ret=%d\n", hostname, 772 datalen, i); 773 (void) fflush(stdout); 774 } 775 } 776 777 int 778 get_hoplim(mhdr) 779 struct msghdr *mhdr; 780 { 781 struct cmsghdr *cm; 782 783 for (cm = (struct cmsghdr *)CMSG_FIRSTHDR(mhdr); cm; 784 cm = (struct cmsghdr *)CMSG_NXTHDR(mhdr, cm)) { 785 if (cm->cmsg_level == IPPROTO_IPV6 && 786 cm->cmsg_type == IPV6_HOPLIMIT && 787 cm->cmsg_len == CMSG_LEN(sizeof(int))) 788 return(*(int *)CMSG_DATA(cm)); 789 } 790 791 return(-1); 792 } 793 794 double 795 deltaT(t1p, t2p) 796 struct timeval *t1p, *t2p; 797 { 798 register double dt; 799 800 dt = (double)(t2p->tv_sec - t1p->tv_sec) * 1000.0 + 801 (double)(t2p->tv_usec - t1p->tv_usec) / 1000.0; 802 return (dt); 803 } 804 805 806 /* 807 * Convert an ICMP "type" field to a printable string. 808 */ 809 char * 810 pr_type(t0) 811 int t0; 812 { 813 u_char t = t0 & 0xff; 814 char *cp; 815 816 switch (t) { 817 case ICMP6_DST_UNREACH: 818 cp = "Destination Unreachable"; 819 break; 820 case ICMP6_PACKET_TOO_BIG: 821 cp = "Pakcet Too Big"; 822 break; 823 case ICMP6_TIME_EXCEEDED: 824 cp = "Time Exceeded"; 825 break; 826 case ICMP6_PARAM_PROB: 827 cp = "Parameter Problem"; 828 break; 829 case ICMP6_ECHO_REQUEST: 830 cp = "Echo Request"; 831 break; 832 case ICMP6_ECHO_REPLY: 833 cp = "Echo Reply"; 834 break; 835 case ICMP6_MEMBERSHIP_QUERY: 836 cp = "Group Membership Query"; 837 break; 838 case ICMP6_MEMBERSHIP_REPORT: 839 cp = "Group Membership Report"; 840 break; 841 case ICMP6_MEMBERSHIP_REDUCTION: 842 cp = "Group Membership Reduction"; 843 break; 844 case ND_ROUTER_SOLICIT: 845 cp = "Router Solicitation"; 846 break; 847 case ND_ROUTER_ADVERT: 848 cp = "Router Advertisement"; 849 break; 850 case ND_NEIGHBOR_SOLICIT: 851 cp = "Neighbor Solicitation"; 852 break; 853 case ND_NEIGHBOR_ADVERT: 854 cp = "Neighbor Advertisement"; 855 break; 856 case ND_REDIRECT: 857 cp = "Ridirect"; 858 break; 859 default: 860 cp = "Unknown"; 861 break; 862 } 863 return cp; 864 } 865 866 867 int 868 packet_ok(mhdr, cc, seq) 869 struct msghdr *mhdr; 870 int cc; 871 int seq; 872 { 873 register struct icmp6_hdr *icp; 874 struct sockaddr_in6 *from = (struct sockaddr_in6 *)mhdr->msg_name; 875 u_char type, code; 876 char *buf = (char *)mhdr->msg_iov[0].iov_base; 877 struct cmsghdr *cm; 878 int *hlimp; 879 880 #ifdef OLDRAWSOCKET 881 int hlen; 882 struct ip6_hdr *ip; 883 #endif 884 885 #ifdef OLDRAWSOCKET 886 ip = (struct ip6_hdr *) buf; 887 hlen = sizeof(struct ip6_hdr); 888 if (cc < hlen + sizeof(struct icmp6_hdr)) { 889 if (verbose) 890 Printf("packet too short (%d bytes) from %s\n", cc, 891 inet_ntop(AF_INET6, &from->sin6_addr, 892 ntop_buf, sizeof(ntop_buf))); 893 return (0); 894 } 895 cc -= hlen; 896 icp = (struct icmp6_hdr *)(buf + hlen); 897 #else 898 if (cc < sizeof(struct icmp6_hdr)) { 899 if (verbose) 900 Printf("data too short (%d bytes) from %s\n", cc, 901 inet_ntop(AF_INET6, &from->sin6_addr, 902 ntop_buf, sizeof(ntop_buf))); 903 return(0); 904 } 905 icp = (struct icmp6_hdr *)buf; 906 #endif 907 /* get optional information via advanced API */ 908 rcvpktinfo = NULL; 909 hlimp = NULL; 910 for (cm = (struct cmsghdr *)CMSG_FIRSTHDR(mhdr); cm; 911 cm = (struct cmsghdr *)CMSG_NXTHDR(mhdr, cm)) { 912 if (cm->cmsg_level == IPPROTO_IPV6 && 913 cm->cmsg_type == IPV6_PKTINFO && 914 cm->cmsg_len == 915 CMSG_LEN(sizeof(struct in6_pktinfo))) 916 rcvpktinfo = (struct in6_pktinfo *)(CMSG_DATA(cm)); 917 918 if (cm->cmsg_level == IPPROTO_IPV6 && 919 cm->cmsg_type == IPV6_HOPLIMIT && 920 cm->cmsg_len == CMSG_LEN(sizeof(int))) 921 hlimp = (int *)CMSG_DATA(cm); 922 } 923 if (rcvpktinfo == NULL || hlimp == NULL) { 924 warnx("failed to get received hop limit or packet info"); 925 return(0); 926 } 927 rcvhlim = *hlimp; 928 929 type = icp->icmp6_type; 930 code = icp->icmp6_code; 931 if ((type == ICMP6_TIME_EXCEEDED && code == ICMP6_TIME_EXCEED_TRANSIT) 932 || type == ICMP6_DST_UNREACH) { 933 struct ip6_hdr *hip; 934 struct udphdr *up; 935 936 hip = (struct ip6_hdr *)(icp + 1); 937 if ((up = get_udphdr(hip, (u_char *)(buf + cc))) == NULL) { 938 if (verbose) 939 warnx("failed to get upper layer header"); 940 return(0); 941 } 942 if (up->uh_sport == htons(ident) && 943 up->uh_dport == htons(port+seq)) 944 return (type == ICMP6_TIME_EXCEEDED ? -1 : code + 1); 945 } 946 if (verbose) { 947 int i; 948 u_long *lp = (u_long *)(icp + 1); 949 char sbuf[INET6_ADDRSTRLEN+1], dbuf[INET6_ADDRSTRLEN]; 950 951 Printf("\n%d bytes from %s to %s", cc, 952 inet_ntop(AF_INET6, &from->sin6_addr, 953 sbuf, sizeof(sbuf)), 954 inet_ntop(AF_INET6, &rcvpktinfo->ipi6_addr, 955 dbuf, sizeof(dbuf))); 956 Printf(": icmp type %d (%s) code %d\n", type, pr_type(type), 957 icp->icmp6_code); 958 for (i = 4; i < cc ; i += sizeof(long)) 959 Printf("%2d: %8.8x\n", i, (u_int32_t)ntohl(*lp++)); 960 } 961 return(0); 962 } 963 964 /* 965 * Increment pointer until find the UDP header. 966 */ 967 struct udphdr * 968 get_udphdr(ip6, lim) 969 struct ip6_hdr *ip6; 970 u_char *lim; 971 { 972 u_char *cp = (u_char *)ip6, nh; 973 int hlen; 974 975 if (cp + sizeof(*ip6) >= lim) 976 return(NULL); 977 978 nh = ip6->ip6_nxt; 979 cp += sizeof(struct ip6_hdr); 980 981 while(lim - cp >= 8) { 982 switch(nh) { 983 case IPPROTO_ESP: 984 case IPPROTO_TCP: 985 case IPPROTO_ICMPV6: 986 return(NULL); 987 case IPPROTO_UDP: 988 return((struct udphdr *)cp); 989 case IPPROTO_FRAGMENT: 990 hlen = sizeof(struct ip6_frag); 991 nh = ((struct ip6_frag *)cp)->ip6f_nxt; 992 break; 993 case IPPROTO_AH: 994 hlen = (((struct ip6_ext *)cp)->ip6e_len + 2) << 2; 995 nh = ((struct ip6_ext *)cp)->ip6e_nxt; 996 break; 997 default: 998 hlen = (((struct ip6_ext *)cp)->ip6e_len + 1) << 3; 999 nh = ((struct ip6_ext *)cp)->ip6e_nxt; 1000 break; 1001 } 1002 1003 cp += hlen; 1004 } 1005 1006 return(NULL); 1007 } 1008 1009 void 1010 print(mhdr, cc) 1011 struct msghdr *mhdr; 1012 int cc; 1013 { 1014 struct sockaddr_in6 *from = (struct sockaddr_in6 *)mhdr->msg_name; 1015 1016 if (nflag) { 1017 Printf(" %s", inet_ntop(AF_INET6, &from->sin6_addr, 1018 ntop_buf, sizeof(ntop_buf))); 1019 } 1020 else if (lflag) { 1021 Printf(" %s (%s)", inetname(&from->sin6_addr), 1022 inet_ntop(AF_INET6, &from->sin6_addr, 1023 ntop_buf, sizeof(ntop_buf))); 1024 } 1025 else { 1026 Printf(" %s", inetname(&from->sin6_addr)); 1027 } 1028 1029 if (verbose) { 1030 #ifdef OLDRAWSOCKET 1031 Printf(" %d bytes to %s", cc, 1032 inet_ntop(AF_INET6, &rcvpktinfo->ipi6_addr, 1033 ntop_buf, sizeof(ntop_buf))); 1034 #else 1035 Printf(" %d bytes of data to %s", cc, 1036 inet_ntop(AF_INET6, &rcvpktinfo->ipi6_addr, 1037 ntop_buf, sizeof(ntop_buf))); 1038 #endif 1039 } 1040 } 1041 1042 /* 1043 * Subtract 2 timeval structs: out = out - in. 1044 * Out is assumed to be >= in. 1045 */ 1046 void 1047 tvsub(out, in) 1048 register struct timeval *out, *in; 1049 { 1050 if ((out->tv_usec -= in->tv_usec) < 0) { 1051 out->tv_sec--; 1052 out->tv_usec += 1000000; 1053 } 1054 out->tv_sec -= in->tv_sec; 1055 } 1056 1057 1058 /* 1059 * Construct an Internet address representation. 1060 * If the nflag has been supplied, give 1061 * numeric value, otherwise try for symbolic name. 1062 */ 1063 char * 1064 inetname(in) 1065 struct in6_addr *in; 1066 { 1067 register char *cp; 1068 static char line[50]; 1069 struct hostent *hp; 1070 static char domain[MAXHOSTNAMELEN + 1]; 1071 static int first = 1; 1072 1073 if (first && !nflag) { 1074 first = 0; 1075 if (gethostname(domain, MAXHOSTNAMELEN) == 0 && 1076 (cp = index(domain, '.'))) 1077 (void) strcpy(domain, cp + 1); 1078 else 1079 domain[0] = 0; 1080 } 1081 cp = 0; 1082 if (!nflag) { 1083 /* hp = (struct hostent *)addr2hostname(in, sizeof(*in), AF_INET6, &herr); */ 1084 hp = (struct hostent *)gethostbyaddr((const char *)in, sizeof(*in), AF_INET6); 1085 if (hp) { 1086 if ((cp = index(hp->h_name, '.')) && 1087 !strcmp(cp + 1, domain)) 1088 *cp = 0; 1089 cp = hp->h_name; 1090 freehostent(hp); 1091 } 1092 } 1093 if (cp) 1094 (void) strcpy(line, cp); 1095 else { 1096 (void)inet_ntop(AF_INET6, in, line, sizeof(line)); 1097 } 1098 return (line); 1099 } 1100 1101 void 1102 usage() 1103 { 1104 (void)fprintf(stderr, 1105 "usage: traceroute6 [-dlnrv] [-m max_hops] [-p port#] [-q nqueries]\n\t\ 1106 [-s src_addr] [-g gateway] [-w wait] host [data size]\n"); 1107 exit(1); 1108 } 1109
Indexes created Mon Oct 20 05:10:11 GMT 2025