fontconfig-user.sgml revision a6844aab
1<!DOCTYPE refentry PUBLIC "-//OASIS//DTD DocBook V3.1//EN" [ 2<!ENTITY version SYSTEM "version.sgml"> 3<!ENTITY confdir SYSTEM "confdir.sgml"> 4]> 5<!-- 6 Copyright © 2003 Keith Packard 7 8 Permission to use, copy, modify, distribute, and sell this software and its 9 documentation for any purpose is hereby granted without fee, provided that 10 the above copyright notice appear in all copies and that both that 11 copyright notice and this permission notice appear in supporting 12 documentation, and that the name of Keith Packard not be used in 13 advertising or publicity pertaining to distribution of the software without 14 specific, written prior permission. Keith Packard makes no 15 representations about the suitability of this software for any purpose. It 16 is provided "as is" without express or implied warranty. 17 18 THE AUTHOR(S) DISCLAIMS ALL WARRANTIES WITH REGARD TO THIS SOFTWARE, 19 INCLUDING ALL IMPLIED WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY AND FITNESS, IN NO 20 EVENT SHALL THE AUTHOR(S) BE LIABLE FOR ANY SPECIAL, INDIRECT OR 21 CONSEQUENTIAL DAMAGES OR ANY DAMAGES WHATSOEVER RESULTING FROM LOSS OF USE, 22 DATA OR PROFITS, WHETHER IN AN ACTION OF CONTRACT, NEGLIGENCE OR OTHER 23 TORTIOUS ACTION, ARISING OUT OF OR IN CONNECTION WITH THE USE OR 24 PERFORMANCE OF THIS SOFTWARE. 25--> 26<refentry> 27<refmeta> 28 <refentrytitle>fonts-conf</refentrytitle> 29 <manvolnum>5</manvolnum> 30</refmeta> 31<refnamediv> 32 <refname>fonts.conf</refname> 33 <refpurpose>Font configuration files</refpurpose> 34</refnamediv> 35<refsynopsisdiv> 36<synopsis> 37 &confdir;/fonts.conf 38 &confdir;/fonts.dtd 39 &confdir;/conf.d 40 ~/.fonts.conf.d 41 ~/.fonts.conf 42</synopsis> 43</refsynopsisdiv> 44<refsect1><title>Description</title> 45 <para> 46Fontconfig is a library designed to provide system-wide font configuration, 47customization and application access. 48 </para> 49</refsect1> 50<refsect1><title>Functional Overview</title> 51 <para> 52Fontconfig contains two essential modules, the configuration module which 53builds an internal configuration from XML files and the matching module 54which accepts font patterns and returns the nearest matching font. 55 </para> 56 <refsect2><title>Font Configuration</title> 57 <para> 58The configuration module consists of the FcConfig datatype, libexpat and 59FcConfigParse which walks over an XML tree and amends a configuration with 60data found within. From an external perspective, configuration of the 61library consists of generating a valid XML tree and feeding that to 62FcConfigParse. The only other mechanism provided to applications for 63changing the running configuration is to add fonts and directories to the 64list of application-provided font files. 65 </para><para> 66The intent is to make font configurations relatively static, and shared by 67as many applications as possible. It is hoped that this will lead to more 68stable font selection when passing names from one application to another. 69XML was chosen as a configuration file format because it provides a format 70which is easy for external agents to edit while retaining the correct 71structure and syntax. 72 </para><para> 73Font configuration is separate from font matching; applications needing to 74do their own matching can access the available fonts from the library and 75perform private matching. The intent is to permit applications to pick and 76choose appropriate functionality from the library instead of forcing them to 77choose between this library and a private configuration mechanism. The hope 78is that this will ensure that configuration of fonts for all applications 79can be centralized in one place. Centralizing font configuration will 80simplify and regularize font installation and customization. 81 </para> 82 </refsect2> 83 <refsect2> 84 <title>Font Properties</title> 85 <para> 86While font patterns may contain essentially any properties, there are some 87well known properties with associated types. Fontconfig uses some of these 88properties for font matching and font completion. Others are provided as a 89convenience for the applications' rendering mechanism. 90 </para> 91 <programlisting> 92 Property Type Description 93 -------------------------------------------------------------- 94 family String Font family names 95 familylang String Languages corresponding to each family 96 style String Font style. Overrides weight and slant 97 stylelang String Languages corresponding to each style 98 fullname String Font full names (often includes style) 99 fullnamelang String Languages corresponding to each fullname 100 slant Int Italic, oblique or roman 101 weight Int Light, medium, demibold, bold or black 102 size Double Point size 103 width Int Condensed, normal or expanded 104 aspect Double Stretches glyphs horizontally before hinting 105 pixelsize Double Pixel size 106 spacing Int Proportional, dual-width, monospace or charcell 107 foundry String Font foundry name 108 antialias Bool Whether glyphs can be antialiased 109 hinting Bool Whether the rasterizer should use hinting 110 hintstyle Int Automatic hinting style 111 verticallayout Bool Use vertical layout 112 autohint Bool Use autohinter instead of normal hinter 113 globaladvance Bool Use font global advance data 114 file String The filename holding the font 115 index Int The index of the font within the file 116 ftface FT_Face Use the specified FreeType face object 117 rasterizer String Which rasterizer is in use 118 outline Bool Whether the glyphs are outlines 119 scalable Bool Whether glyphs can be scaled 120 scale Double Scale factor for point->pixel conversions 121 dpi Double Target dots per inch 122 rgba Int unknown, rgb, bgr, vrgb, vbgr, 123 none - subpixel geometry 124 lcdfilter Int Type of LCD filter 125 minspace Bool Eliminate leading from line spacing 126 charset CharSet Unicode chars encoded by the font 127 lang String List of RFC-3066-style languages this 128 font supports 129 fontversion Int Version number of the font 130 capability String List of layout capabilities in the font 131 embolden Bool Rasterizer should synthetically embolden the font 132 </programlisting> 133 </refsect2> 134 <refsect2> 135 <title>Font Matching</title> 136 <para> 137Fontconfig performs matching by measuring the distance from a provided 138pattern to all of the available fonts in the system. The closest matching 139font is selected. This ensures that a font will always be returned, but 140doesn't ensure that it is anything like the requested pattern. 141 </para><para> 142Font matching starts with an application constructed pattern. The desired 143attributes of the resulting font are collected together in a pattern. Each 144property of the pattern can contain one or more values; these are listed in 145priority order; matches earlier in the list are considered "closer" than 146matches later in the list. 147 </para><para> 148The initial pattern is modified by applying the list of editing instructions 149specific to patterns found in the configuration; each consists of a match 150predicate and a set of editing operations. They are executed in the order 151they appeared in the configuration. Each match causes the associated 152sequence of editing operations to be applied. 153 </para><para> 154After the pattern has been edited, a sequence of default substitutions are 155performed to canonicalize the set of available properties; this avoids the 156need for the lower layers to constantly provide default values for various 157font properties during rendering. 158 </para><para> 159The canonical font pattern is finally matched against all available fonts. 160The distance from the pattern to the font is measured for each of several 161properties: foundry, charset, family, lang, spacing, pixelsize, style, 162slant, weight, antialias, rasterizer and outline. This list is in priority 163order -- results of comparing earlier elements of this list weigh more 164heavily than later elements. 165 </para><para> 166There is one special case to this rule; family names are split into two 167bindings; strong and weak. Strong family names are given greater precedence 168in the match than lang elements while weak family names are given lower 169precedence than lang elements. This permits the document language to drive 170font selection when any document specified font is unavailable. 171 </para><para> 172The pattern representing that font is augmented to include any properties 173found in the pattern but not found in the font itself; this permits the 174application to pass rendering instructions or any other data through the 175matching system. Finally, the list of editing instructions specific to 176fonts found in the configuration are applied to the pattern. This modified 177pattern is returned to the application. 178 </para><para> 179The return value contains sufficient information to locate and rasterize the 180font, including the file name, pixel size and other rendering data. As 181none of the information involved pertains to the FreeType library, 182applications are free to use any rasterization engine or even to take 183the identified font file and access it directly. 184 </para><para> 185The match/edit sequences in the configuration are performed in two passes 186because there are essentially two different operations necessary -- the 187first is to modify how fonts are selected; aliasing families and adding 188suitable defaults. The second is to modify how the selected fonts are 189rasterized. Those must apply to the selected font, not the original pattern 190as false matches will often occur. 191 </para> 192 </refsect2> 193 <refsect2><title>Font Names</title> 194 <para> 195Fontconfig provides a textual representation for patterns that the library 196can both accept and generate. The representation is in three parts, first a 197list of family names, second a list of point sizes and finally a list of 198additional properties: 199 </para> 200 <programlisting> 201 <families>-<point sizes>:<name1>=<values1>:<name2>=<values2>... 202 </programlisting> 203 <para> 204Values in a list are separated with commas. The name needn't include either 205families or point sizes; they can be elided. In addition, there are 206symbolic constants that simultaneously indicate both a name and a value. 207Here are some examples: 208 </para> 209 <programlisting> 210 Name Meaning 211 ---------------------------------------------------------- 212 Times-12 12 point Times Roman 213 Times-12:bold 12 point Times Bold 214 Courier:italic Courier Italic in the default size 215 Monospace:matrix=1 .1 0 1 The users preferred monospace font 216 with artificial obliquing 217 </programlisting> 218 <para> 219The '\', '-', ':' and ',' characters in family names must be preceeded by a 220'\' character to avoid having them misinterpreted. Similarly, values 221containing '\', '=', '_', ':' and ',' must also have them preceeded by a 222'\' character. The '\' characters are stripped out of the family name and 223values as the font name is read. 224 </para> 225 </refsect2> 226</refsect1> 227<refsect1><title>Debugging Applications</title> 228 <para> 229To help diagnose font and applications problems, fontconfig is built with a 230large amount of internal debugging left enabled. It is controlled by means 231of the FC_DEBUG environment variable. The value of this variable is 232interpreted as a number, and each bit within that value controls different 233debugging messages. 234 </para> 235 <programlisting> 236 Name Value Meaning 237 --------------------------------------------------------- 238 MATCH 1 Brief information about font matching 239 MATCHV 2 Extensive font matching information 240 EDIT 4 Monitor match/test/edit execution 241 FONTSET 8 Track loading of font information at startup 242 CACHE 16 Watch cache files being written 243 CACHEV 32 Extensive cache file writing information 244 PARSE 64 (no longer in use) 245 SCAN 128 Watch font files being scanned to build caches 246 SCANV 256 Verbose font file scanning information 247 MEMORY 512 Monitor fontconfig memory usage 248 CONFIG 1024 Monitor which config files are loaded 249 LANGSET 2048 Dump char sets used to construct lang values 250 OBJTYPES 4096 Display message when value typechecks fail 251 </programlisting> 252 <para> 253Add the value of the desired debug levels together and assign that (in 254base 10) to the FC_DEBUG environment variable before running the 255application. Output from these statements is sent to stdout. 256 </para> 257</refsect1> 258<refsect1><title>Lang Tags</title> 259 <para> 260Each font in the database contains a list of languages it supports. This is 261computed by comparing the Unicode coverage of the font with the orthography 262of each language. Languages are tagged using an RFC-3066 compatible naming 263and occur in two parts -- the ISO 639 language tag followed a hyphen and then 264by the ISO 3166 country code. The hyphen and country code may be elided. 265 </para><para> 266Fontconfig has orthographies for several languages built into the library. 267No provision has been made for adding new ones aside from rebuilding the 268library. It currently supports 122 of the 139 languages named in ISO 639-1, 269141 of the languages with two-letter codes from ISO 639-2 and another 30 270languages with only three-letter codes. Languages with both two and three 271letter codes are provided with only the two letter code. 272 </para><para> 273For languages used in multiple territories with radically different 274character sets, fontconfig includes per-territory orthographies. This 275includes Azerbaijani, Kurdish, Pashto, Tigrinya and Chinese. 276 </para> 277</refsect1> 278<refsect1><title>Configuration File Format</title> 279 <para> 280Configuration files for fontconfig are stored in XML format; this 281format makes external configuration tools easier to write and ensures that 282they will generate syntactically correct configuration files. As XML 283files are plain text, they can also be manipulated by the expert user using 284a text editor. 285 </para><para> 286The fontconfig document type definition resides in the external entity 287"fonts.dtd"; this is normally stored in the default font configuration 288directory (&confdir;). Each configuration file should contain the 289following structure: 290 <programlisting> 291 <?xml version="1.0"?> 292 <!DOCTYPE fontconfig SYSTEM "fonts.dtd"> 293 <fontconfig> 294 ... 295 </fontconfig> 296 </programlisting> 297 </para> 298<refsect2><title><literal><fontconfig></literal></title><para> 299This is the top level element for a font configuration and can contain 300<literal><dir></literal>, <literal><cache></literal>, <literal><include></literal>, <literal><match></literal> and <literal><alias></literal> elements in any order. 301 </para></refsect2> 302 <refsect2><title><literal><dir></literal></title><para> 303This element contains a directory name which will be scanned for font files 304to include in the set of available fonts. 305 </para></refsect2> 306 <refsect2><title><literal><cache></literal></title><para> 307This element contains a file name for the per-user cache of font 308information. If it starts with '~', it refers to a file in the users 309home directory. This file is used to hold information about fonts that 310isn't present in the per-directory cache files. It is automatically 311maintained by the fontconfig library. The default for this file 312is ``~/.fonts.cache-<literal><version></literal>'', where <literal><version></literal> is the font configuration 313file version number (currently 2). 314 </para></refsect2> 315 <refsect2><title><literal><include ignore_missing="no"></literal></title><para> 316This element contains the name of an additional configuration file or 317directory. If a directory, every file within that directory starting with an 318ASCII digit (U+0030 - U+0039) and ending with the string ``.conf'' will be processed in sorted order. When 319the XML datatype is traversed by FcConfigParse, the contents of the file(s) 320will also be incorporated into the configuration by passing the filename(s) to 321FcConfigLoadAndParse. If 'ignore_missing' is set to "yes" instead of the 322default "no", a missing file or directory will elicit no warning message from 323the library. 324 </para></refsect2> 325 <refsect2><title><literal><config></literal></title><para> 326This element provides a place to consolidate additional configuration 327information. <literal><config></literal> can contain <literal><blank></literal> and <literal><rescan></literal> elements in any 328order. 329 </para></refsect2> 330 <refsect2><title><literal><blank></literal></title><para> 331Fonts often include "broken" glyphs which appear in the encoding but are 332drawn as blanks on the screen. Within the <literal><blank></literal> element, place each 333Unicode characters which is supposed to be blank in an <literal><int></literal> element. 334Characters outside of this set which are drawn as blank will be elided from 335the set of characters supported by the font. 336 </para></refsect2> 337 <refsect2><title><literal><rescan></literal></title><para> 338The <literal><rescan></literal> element holds an <literal><int></literal> element which indicates the default 339interval between automatic checks for font configuration changes. 340Fontconfig will validate all of the configuration files and directories and 341automatically rebuild the internal datastructures when this interval passes. 342 </para></refsect2> 343 <refsect2><title><literal><selectfont></literal></title><para> 344This element is used to black/white list fonts from being listed or matched 345against. It holds acceptfont and rejectfont elements. 346 </para></refsect2> 347 <refsect2><title><literal><acceptfont></literal></title><para> 348Fonts matched by an acceptfont element are "whitelisted"; such fonts are 349explicitly included in the set of fonts used to resolve list and match 350requests; including them in this list protects them from being "blacklisted" 351by a rejectfont element. Acceptfont elements include glob and pattern 352elements which are used to match fonts. 353 </para></refsect2> 354 <refsect2><title><literal><rejectfont></literal></title><para> 355Fonts matched by an rejectfont element are "blacklisted"; such fonts are 356excluded from the set of fonts used to resolve list and match requests as if 357they didn't exist in the system. Rejectfont elements include glob and 358pattern elements which are used to match fonts. 359 </para></refsect2> 360 <refsect2><title><literal><glob></literal></title><para> 361Glob elements hold shell-style filename matching patterns (including ? and 362*) which match fonts based on their complete pathnames. This can be used to 363exclude a set of directories (/usr/share/fonts/uglyfont*), or particular 364font file types (*.pcf.gz), but the latter mechanism relies rather heavily 365on filenaming conventions which can't be relied upon. Note that globs 366only apply to directories, not to individual fonts. 367 </para></refsect2> 368 <refsect2><title><literal><pattern></literal></title><para> 369Pattern elements perform list-style matching on incoming fonts; that is, 370they hold a list of elements and associated values. If all of those 371elements have a matching value, then the pattern matches the font. This can 372be used to select fonts based on attributes of the font (scalable, bold, 373etc), which is a more reliable mechanism than using file extensions. 374Pattern elements include patelt elements. 375 </para></refsect2> 376 <refsect2><title><literal><patelt name="property"></literal></title><para> 377Patelt elements hold a single pattern element and list of values. They must 378have a 'name' attribute which indicates the pattern element name. Patelt 379elements include int, double, string, matrix, bool, charset and const 380elements. 381 </para></refsect2> 382 <refsect2><title><literal><match target="pattern"></literal></title><para> 383This element holds first a (possibly empty) list of <literal><test></literal> elements and then 384a (possibly empty) list of <literal><edit></literal> elements. Patterns which match all of the 385tests are subjected to all the edits. If 'target' is set to "font" instead 386of the default "pattern", then this element applies to the font name 387resulting from a match rather than a font pattern to be matched. If 'target' 388is set to "scan", then this element applies when the font is scanned to 389build the fontconfig database. 390 </para></refsect2> 391 <refsect2><title><literal><test qual="any" name="property" target="default" compare="eq"></literal></title><para> 392This element contains a single value which is compared with the target 393('pattern', 'font', 'scan' or 'default') property "property" (substitute any of the property names seen 394above). 'compare' can be one of "eq", "not_eq", "less", "less_eq", "more", or 395"more_eq". 'qual' may either be the default, "any", in which case the match 396succeeds if any value associated with the property matches the test value, or 397"all", in which case all of the values associated with the property must 398match the test value. When used in a <match target="font"> element, 399the target= attribute in the <test> element selects between matching 400the original pattern or the font. "default" selects whichever target the 401outer <match> element has selected. 402 </para></refsect2> 403 <refsect2><title><literal><edit name="property" mode="assign" binding="weak"></literal></title><para> 404This element contains a list of expression elements (any of the value or 405operator elements). The expression elements are evaluated at run-time and 406modify the property "property". The modification depends on whether 407"property" was matched by one of the associated <literal><test></literal> elements, if so, the 408modification may affect the first matched value. Any values inserted into 409the property are given the indicated binding ("strong", "weak" or "same") 410with "same" binding using the value from the matched pattern element. 411'mode' is one of: 412 <programlisting> 413 Mode With Match Without Match 414 --------------------------------------------------------------------- 415 "assign" Replace matching value Replace all values 416 "assign_replace" Replace all values Replace all values 417 "prepend" Insert before matching Insert at head of list 418 "prepend_first" Insert at head of list Insert at head of list 419 "append" Append after matching Append at end of list 420 "append_last" Append at end of list Append at end of list 421 </programlisting> 422 </para></refsect2> 423 <refsect2><title><literal><int></literal>, <literal><double></literal>, <literal><string></literal>, <literal><bool></literal></title><para> 424These elements hold a single value of the indicated type. <literal><bool></literal> 425elements hold either true or false. An important limitation exists in 426the parsing of floating point numbers -- fontconfig requires that 427the mantissa start with a digit, not a decimal point, so insert a leading 428zero for purely fractional values (e.g. use 0.5 instead of .5 and -0.5 429instead of -.5). 430 </para></refsect2> 431 <refsect2><title><literal><matrix></literal></title><para> 432This element holds the four <literal><double></literal> elements of an affine 433transformation. 434 </para></refsect2> 435 <refsect2><title><literal><name></literal></title><para> 436Holds a property name. Evaluates to the first value from the property of 437the font, not the pattern. 438 </para></refsect2> 439 <refsect2><title><literal><const></literal></title><para> 440Holds the name of a constant; these are always integers and serve as 441symbolic names for common font values: 442 <programlisting> 443 Constant Property Value 444 ------------------------------------- 445 thin weight 0 446 extralight weight 40 447 ultralight weight 40 448 light weight 50 449 book weight 75 450 regular weight 80 451 normal weight 80 452 medium weight 100 453 demibold weight 180 454 semibold weight 180 455 bold weight 200 456 extrabold weight 205 457 black weight 210 458 heavy weight 210 459 roman slant 0 460 italic slant 100 461 oblique slant 110 462 ultracondensed width 50 463 extracondensed width 63 464 condensed width 75 465 semicondensed width 87 466 normal width 100 467 semiexpanded width 113 468 expanded width 125 469 extraexpanded width 150 470 ultraexpanded width 200 471 proportional spacing 0 472 dual spacing 90 473 mono spacing 100 474 charcell spacing 110 475 unknown rgba 0 476 rgb rgba 1 477 bgr rgba 2 478 vrgb rgba 3 479 vbgr rgba 4 480 none rgba 5 481 lcdnone lcdfilter 0 482 lcddefault lcdfilter 1 483 lcdlight lcdfilter 2 484 lcdlegacy lcdfilter 3 485 hintnone hintstyle 0 486 hintslight hintstyle 1 487 hintmedium hintstyle 2 488 hintfull hintstyle 3 489 </programlisting> 490 </para> 491 </refsect2> 492 <refsect2> 493 <title><literal><or></literal>, <literal><and></literal>, <literal><plus></literal>, <literal><minus></literal>, <literal><times></literal>, <literal><divide></literal></title> 494 <para> 495These elements perform the specified operation on a list of expression 496elements. <literal><or></literal> and <literal><and></literal> are boolean, not bitwise. 497 </para> 498 </refsect2> 499 <refsect2> 500 <title><literal><eq></literal>, <literal><not_eq></literal>, <literal><less></literal>, <literal><less_eq></literal>, <literal><more></literal>, <literal><more_eq></literal></title> 501 <para> 502These elements compare two values, producing a boolean result. 503 </para></refsect2> 504 <refsect2><title><literal><not></literal></title><para> 505Inverts the boolean sense of its one expression element 506 </para></refsect2> 507 <refsect2><title><literal><if></literal></title><para> 508This element takes three expression elements; if the value of the first is 509true, it produces the value of the second, otherwise it produces the value 510of the third. 511 </para></refsect2> 512 <refsect2><title><literal><alias></literal></title><para> 513Alias elements provide a shorthand notation for the set of common match 514operations needed to substitute one font family for another. They contain a 515<literal><family></literal> element followed by optional <literal><prefer></literal>, <literal><accept></literal> and <literal><default></literal> 516elements. Fonts matching the <literal><family></literal> element are edited to prepend the 517list of <literal><prefer></literal>ed families before the matching <literal><family></literal>, append the 518<literal><accept></literal>able families after the matching <literal><family></literal> and append the <literal><default></literal> 519families to the end of the family list. 520 </para></refsect2> 521 <refsect2><title><literal><family></literal></title><para> 522Holds a single font family name 523 </para></refsect2> 524 <refsect2><title><literal><prefer></literal>, <literal><accept></literal>, <literal><default></literal></title><para> 525These hold a list of <literal><family></literal> elements to be used by the <literal><alias></literal> element. 526 </para></refsect2> 527</refsect1> 528<refsect1><title>EXAMPLE CONFIGURATION FILE</title> 529 <refsect2><title>System configuration file</title> 530 <para> 531This is an example of a system-wide configuration file 532 </para> 533 <programlisting> 534<?xml version="1.0"?> 535<!DOCTYPE fontconfig SYSTEM "fonts.dtd"> 536<!-- &confdir;/fonts.conf file to configure system font access --> 537<fontconfig> 538<!-- 539 Find fonts in these directories 540--> 541<dir>/usr/share/fonts</dir> 542<dir>/usr/X11R6/lib/X11/fonts</dir> 543 544<!-- 545 Accept deprecated 'mono' alias, replacing it with 'monospace' 546--> 547<match target="pattern"> 548 <test qual="any" name="family"><string>mono</string></test> 549 <edit name="family" mode="assign"><string>monospace</string></edit> 550</match> 551 552<!-- 553 Names not including any well known alias are given 'sans' 554--> 555<match target="pattern"> 556 <test qual="all" name="family" mode="not_eq">sans</test> 557 <test qual="all" name="family" mode="not_eq">serif</test> 558 <test qual="all" name="family" mode="not_eq">monospace</test> 559 <edit name="family" mode="append_last"><string>sans</string></edit> 560</match> 561 562<!-- 563 Load per-user customization file, but don't complain 564 if it doesn't exist 565--> 566<include ignore_missing="yes">~/.fonts.conf</include> 567 568<!-- 569 Load local customization files, but don't complain 570 if there aren't any 571--> 572<include ignore_missing="yes">conf.d</include> 573<include ignore_missing="yes">local.conf</include> 574 575<!-- 576 Alias well known font names to available TrueType fonts. 577 These substitute TrueType faces for similar Type1 578 faces to improve screen appearance. 579--> 580<alias> 581 <family>Times</family> 582 <prefer><family>Times New Roman</family></prefer> 583 <default><family>serif</family></default> 584</alias> 585<alias> 586 <family>Helvetica</family> 587 <prefer><family>Arial</family></prefer> 588 <default><family>sans</family></default> 589</alias> 590<alias> 591 <family>Courier</family> 592 <prefer><family>Courier New</family></prefer> 593 <default><family>monospace</family></default> 594</alias> 595 596<!-- 597 Provide required aliases for standard names 598 Do these after the users configuration file so that 599 any aliases there are used preferentially 600--> 601<alias> 602 <family>serif</family> 603 <prefer><family>Times New Roman</family></prefer> 604</alias> 605<alias> 606 <family>sans</family> 607 <prefer><family>Arial</family></prefer> 608</alias> 609<alias> 610 <family>monospace</family> 611 <prefer><family>Andale Mono</family></prefer> 612</alias> 613</fontconfig> 614 </programlisting> 615 </refsect2> 616 <refsect2><title>User configuration file</title> 617 <para> 618This is an example of a per-user configuration file that lives in 619~/.fonts.conf 620 </para> 621 <programlisting> 622<?xml version="1.0"?> 623<!DOCTYPE fontconfig SYSTEM "fonts.dtd"> 624<!-- ~/.fonts.conf for per-user font configuration --> 625<fontconfig> 626 627<!-- 628 Private font directory 629--> 630<dir>~/.fonts</dir> 631 632<!-- 633 use rgb sub-pixel ordering to improve glyph appearance on 634 LCD screens. Changes affecting rendering, but not matching 635 should always use target="font". 636--> 637<match target="font"> 638 <edit name="rgba" mode="assign"><const>rgb</const></edit> 639</match> 640</fontconfig> 641 </programlisting> 642 </refsect2> 643</refsect1> 644<refsect1><title>Files</title> 645 <para> 646<emphasis>fonts.conf</emphasis> 647contains configuration information for the fontconfig library 648consisting of directories to look at for font information as well as 649instructions on editing program specified font patterns before attempting to 650match the available fonts. It is in xml format. 651 </para> 652 <para> 653<emphasis>conf.d</emphasis> 654is the conventional name for a directory of additional configuration files 655managed by external applications or the local administrator. The 656filenames starting with decimal digits are sorted in lexicographic order 657and used as additional configuration files. All of these files are in xml 658format. The master fonts.conf file references this directory in an 659<include> directive. 660 </para> 661 <para> 662<emphasis>fonts.dtd</emphasis> 663is a DTD that describes the format of the configuration files. 664 </para> 665 <para> 666<emphasis>~/.fonts.conf.d</emphasis> 667is the conventional name for a per-user directory of (typically 668auto-generated) configuration files, although the 669actual location is specified in the global fonts.conf file. 670 </para> 671 <para> 672<emphasis>~/.fonts.conf</emphasis> 673is the conventional location for per-user font configuration, although the 674actual location is specified in the global fonts.conf file. 675 </para> 676 <para> 677<emphasis> ~/.fonts.cache-*</emphasis> 678is the conventional repository of font information that isn't found in the 679per-directory caches. This file is automatically maintained by fontconfig. 680 </para> 681</refsect1> 682<refsect1><title>See Also</title> 683 <para> 684fc-cat(1), fc-cache(1), fc-list(1), fc-match(1), fc-query(1) 685 </para> 686</refsect1> 687<refsect1><title>Version</title> 688 <para> 689Fontconfig version &version; 690 </para> 691</refsect1> 692</refentry> 693