fontconfig-user.txt revision a4e54154
1 fonts-conf 2 3Name 4 5 fonts.conf -- Font configuration files 6 7Synopsis 8 9 /etc/fonts/fonts.conf 10 /etc/fonts/fonts.dtd 11 /etc/fonts/conf.d 12 $XDG_CONFIG_HOME/fontconfig/conf.d 13 $XDG_CONFIG_HOME/fontconfig/fonts.conf 14 ~/.fonts.conf.d 15 ~/.fonts.conf 16 17Description 18 19 Fontconfig is a library designed to provide system-wide font 20 configuration, customization and application access. 21 22Functional Overview 23 24 Fontconfig contains two essential modules, the configuration module which 25 builds an internal configuration from XML files and the matching module 26 which accepts font patterns and returns the nearest matching font. 27 28 Font Configuration 29 30 The configuration module consists of the FcConfig datatype, libexpat and 31 FcConfigParse which walks over an XML tree and amends a configuration with 32 data found within. From an external perspective, configuration of the 33 library consists of generating a valid XML tree and feeding that to 34 FcConfigParse. The only other mechanism provided to applications for 35 changing the running configuration is to add fonts and directories to the 36 list of application-provided font files. 37 38 The intent is to make font configurations relatively static, and shared by 39 as many applications as possible. It is hoped that this will lead to more 40 stable font selection when passing names from one application to another. 41 XML was chosen as a configuration file format because it provides a format 42 which is easy for external agents to edit while retaining the correct 43 structure and syntax. 44 45 Font configuration is separate from font matching; applications needing to 46 do their own matching can access the available fonts from the library and 47 perform private matching. The intent is to permit applications to pick and 48 choose appropriate functionality from the library instead of forcing them 49 to choose between this library and a private configuration mechanism. The 50 hope is that this will ensure that configuration of fonts for all 51 applications can be centralized in one place. Centralizing font 52 configuration will simplify and regularize font installation and 53 customization. 54 55 Font Properties 56 57 While font patterns may contain essentially any properties, there are some 58 well known properties with associated types. Fontconfig uses some of these 59 properties for font matching and font completion. Others are provided as a 60 convenience for the applications' rendering mechanism. 61 62 Property Type Description 63 -------------------------------------------------------------- 64 family String Font family names 65 familylang String Languages corresponding to each family 66 style String Font style. Overrides weight and slant 67 stylelang String Languages corresponding to each style 68 fullname String Font full names (often includes style) 69 fullnamelang String Languages corresponding to each fullname 70 slant Int Italic, oblique or roman 71 weight Int Light, medium, demibold, bold or black 72 size Double Point size 73 width Int Condensed, normal or expanded 74 aspect Double Stretches glyphs horizontally before hinting 75 pixelsize Double Pixel size 76 spacing Int Proportional, dual-width, monospace or charcell 77 foundry String Font foundry name 78 antialias Bool Whether glyphs can be antialiased 79 hinting Bool Whether the rasterizer should use hinting 80 hintstyle Int Automatic hinting style 81 verticallayout Bool Use vertical layout 82 autohint Bool Use autohinter instead of normal hinter 83 globaladvance Bool Use font global advance data (deprecated) 84 file String The filename holding the font 85 index Int The index of the font within the file 86 ftface FT_Face Use the specified FreeType face object 87 rasterizer String Which rasterizer is in use (deprecated) 88 outline Bool Whether the glyphs are outlines 89 scalable Bool Whether glyphs can be scaled 90 color Bool Whether any glyphs have color 91 scale Double Scale factor for point->pixel conversions (deprecated) 92 dpi Double Target dots per inch 93 rgba Int unknown, rgb, bgr, vrgb, vbgr, 94 none - subpixel geometry 95 lcdfilter Int Type of LCD filter 96 minspace Bool Eliminate leading from line spacing 97 charset CharSet Unicode chars encoded by the font 98 lang String List of RFC-3066-style languages this 99 font supports 100 fontversion Int Version number of the font 101 capability String List of layout capabilities in the font 102 fontformat String String name of the font format 103 embolden Bool Rasterizer should synthetically embolden the font 104 embeddedbitmap Bool Use the embedded bitmap instead of the outline 105 decorative Bool Whether the style is a decorative variant 106 fontfeatures String List of the feature tags in OpenType to be enabled 107 namelang String Language name to be used for the default value of 108 familylang, stylelang, and fullnamelang 109 prgname String String Name of the running program 110 postscriptname String Font family name in PostScript 111 fonthashint Bool Whether the font has hinting 112 order Int Order number of the font 113 114 115 Font Matching 116 117 Fontconfig performs matching by measuring the distance from a provided 118 pattern to all of the available fonts in the system. The closest matching 119 font is selected. This ensures that a font will always be returned, but 120 doesn't ensure that it is anything like the requested pattern. 121 122 Font matching starts with an application constructed pattern. The desired 123 attributes of the resulting font are collected together in a pattern. Each 124 property of the pattern can contain one or more values; these are listed 125 in priority order; matches earlier in the list are considered "closer" 126 than matches later in the list. 127 128 The initial pattern is modified by applying the list of editing 129 instructions specific to patterns found in the configuration; each 130 consists of a match predicate and a set of editing operations. They are 131 executed in the order they appeared in the configuration. Each match 132 causes the associated sequence of editing operations to be applied. 133 134 After the pattern has been edited, a sequence of default substitutions are 135 performed to canonicalize the set of available properties; this avoids the 136 need for the lower layers to constantly provide default values for various 137 font properties during rendering. 138 139 The canonical font pattern is finally matched against all available fonts. 140 The distance from the pattern to the font is measured for each of several 141 properties: foundry, charset, family, lang, spacing, pixelsize, style, 142 slant, weight, antialias, rasterizer and outline. This list is in priority 143 order -- results of comparing earlier elements of this list weigh more 144 heavily than later elements. 145 146 There is one special case to this rule; family names are split into two 147 bindings; strong and weak. Strong family names are given greater 148 precedence in the match than lang elements while weak family names are 149 given lower precedence than lang elements. This permits the document 150 language to drive font selection when any document specified font is 151 unavailable. 152 153 The pattern representing that font is augmented to include any properties 154 found in the pattern but not found in the font itself; this permits the 155 application to pass rendering instructions or any other data through the 156 matching system. Finally, the list of editing instructions specific to 157 fonts found in the configuration are applied to the pattern. This modified 158 pattern is returned to the application. 159 160 The return value contains sufficient information to locate and rasterize 161 the font, including the file name, pixel size and other rendering data. As 162 none of the information involved pertains to the FreeType library, 163 applications are free to use any rasterization engine or even to take the 164 identified font file and access it directly. 165 166 The match/edit sequences in the configuration are performed in two passes 167 because there are essentially two different operations necessary -- the 168 first is to modify how fonts are selected; aliasing families and adding 169 suitable defaults. The second is to modify how the selected fonts are 170 rasterized. Those must apply to the selected font, not the original 171 pattern as false matches will often occur. 172 173 Font Names 174 175 Fontconfig provides a textual representation for patterns that the library 176 can both accept and generate. The representation is in three parts, first 177 a list of family names, second a list of point sizes and finally a list of 178 additional properties: 179 180 <families>-<point sizes>:<name1>=<values1>:<name2>=<values2>... 181 182 183 Values in a list are separated with commas. The name needn't include 184 either families or point sizes; they can be elided. In addition, there are 185 symbolic constants that simultaneously indicate both a name and a value. 186 Here are some examples: 187 188 Name Meaning 189 ---------------------------------------------------------- 190 Times-12 12 point Times Roman 191 Times-12:bold 12 point Times Bold 192 Courier:italic Courier Italic in the default size 193 Monospace:matrix=1 .1 0 1 The users preferred monospace font 194 with artificial obliquing 195 196 197 The '\', '-', ':' and ',' characters in family names must be preceded by a 198 '\' character to avoid having them misinterpreted. Similarly, values 199 containing '\', '=', '_', ':' and ',' must also have them preceded by a 200 '\' character. The '\' characters are stripped out of the family name and 201 values as the font name is read. 202 203Debugging Applications 204 205 To help diagnose font and applications problems, fontconfig is built with 206 a large amount of internal debugging left enabled. It is controlled by 207 means of the FC_DEBUG environment variable. The value of this variable is 208 interpreted as a number, and each bit within that value controls different 209 debugging messages. 210 211 Name Value Meaning 212 --------------------------------------------------------- 213 MATCH 1 Brief information about font matching 214 MATCHV 2 Extensive font matching information 215 EDIT 4 Monitor match/test/edit execution 216 FONTSET 8 Track loading of font information at startup 217 CACHE 16 Watch cache files being written 218 CACHEV 32 Extensive cache file writing information 219 PARSE 64 (no longer in use) 220 SCAN 128 Watch font files being scanned to build caches 221 SCANV 256 Verbose font file scanning information 222 MEMORY 512 Monitor fontconfig memory usage 223 CONFIG 1024 Monitor which config files are loaded 224 LANGSET 2048 Dump char sets used to construct lang values 225 MATCH2 4096 Display font-matching transformation in patterns 226 227 228 Add the value of the desired debug levels together and assign that (in 229 base 10) to the FC_DEBUG environment variable before running the 230 application. Output from these statements is sent to stdout. 231 232Lang Tags 233 234 Each font in the database contains a list of languages it supports. This 235 is computed by comparing the Unicode coverage of the font with the 236 orthography of each language. Languages are tagged using an RFC-3066 237 compatible naming and occur in two parts -- the ISO 639 language tag 238 followed a hyphen and then by the ISO 3166 country code. The hyphen and 239 country code may be elided. 240 241 Fontconfig has orthographies for several languages built into the library. 242 No provision has been made for adding new ones aside from rebuilding the 243 library. It currently supports 122 of the 139 languages named in ISO 244 639-1, 141 of the languages with two-letter codes from ISO 639-2 and 245 another 30 languages with only three-letter codes. Languages with both two 246 and three letter codes are provided with only the two letter code. 247 248 For languages used in multiple territories with radically different 249 character sets, fontconfig includes per-territory orthographies. This 250 includes Azerbaijani, Kurdish, Pashto, Tigrinya and Chinese. 251 252Configuration File Format 253 254 Configuration files for fontconfig are stored in XML format; this format 255 makes external configuration tools easier to write and ensures that they 256 will generate syntactically correct configuration files. As XML files are 257 plain text, they can also be manipulated by the expert user using a text 258 editor. 259 260 The fontconfig document type definition resides in the external entity 261 "fonts.dtd"; this is normally stored in the default font configuration 262 directory (/etc/fonts). Each configuration file should contain the 263 following structure: 264 265 <?xml version="1.0"?> 266 <!DOCTYPE fontconfig SYSTEM "urn:fontconfig:fonts.dtd"> 267 <fontconfig> 268 ... 269 </fontconfig> 270 271 272 <fontconfig> 273 274 This is the top level element for a font configuration and can contain 275 <dir>, <cachedir>, <include>, <match> and <alias> elements in any order. 276 277 <dir prefix="default" salt=""> 278 279 This element contains a directory name which will be scanned for font 280 files to include in the set of available fonts. 281 282 If 'prefix' is set to "default" or "cwd", the current working directory 283 will be added as the path prefix prior to the value. If 'prefix' is set to 284 "xdg", the value in the XDG_DATA_HOME environment variable will be added 285 as the path prefix. please see XDG Base Directory Specification for more 286 details. If 'prefix' is set to "relative", the path of current file will 287 be added prior to the value. 288 289 'salt' property affects to determine cache filename. this is useful for 290 example when having different fonts sets on same path at container and 291 share fonts from host on different font path. 292 293 <cachedir prefix="default"> 294 295 This element contains a directory name that is supposed to be stored or 296 read the cache of font information. If multiple elements are specified in 297 the configuration file, the directory that can be accessed first in the 298 list will be used to store the cache files. If it starts with '~', it 299 refers to a directory in the users home directory. If 'prefix' is set to 300 "xdg", the value in the XDG_CACHE_HOME environment variable will be added 301 as the path prefix. please see XDG Base Directory Specification for more 302 details. The default directory is ``$XDG_CACHE_HOME/fontconfig'' and it 303 contains the cache files named ``<hash 304 value>-<architecture>.cache-<version>'', where <version> is the fontconfig 305 cache file version number (currently 7). 306 307 <include ignore_missing="no" prefix="default"> 308 309 This element contains the name of an additional configuration file or 310 directory. If a directory, every file within that directory starting with 311 an ASCII digit (U+0030 - U+0039) and ending with the string ``.conf'' will 312 be processed in sorted order. When the XML datatype is traversed by 313 FcConfigParse, the contents of the file(s) will also be incorporated into 314 the configuration by passing the filename(s) to FcConfigLoadAndParse. If 315 'ignore_missing' is set to "yes" instead of the default "no", a missing 316 file or directory will elicit no warning message from the library. If 317 'prefix' is set to "xdg", the value in the XDG_CONFIG_HOME environment 318 variable will be added as the path prefix. please see XDG Base Directory 319 Specification for more details. 320 321 <config> 322 323 This element provides a place to consolidate additional configuration 324 information. <config> can contain <blank> and <rescan> elements in any 325 order. 326 327 <description domain="fontconfig-conf"> 328 329 This element is supposed to hold strings which describe what a config is 330 used for. This string can be translated through gettext. 'domain' needs to 331 be set the proper name to apply then. fontconfig will tries to retrieve 332 translations with 'domain' from gettext. 333 334 <blank> 335 336 Fonts often include "broken" glyphs which appear in the encoding but are 337 drawn as blanks on the screen. Within the <blank> element, place each 338 Unicode characters which is supposed to be blank in an <int> element. 339 Characters outside of this set which are drawn as blank will be elided 340 from the set of characters supported by the font. 341 342 <remap-dir prefix="default" as-path="" salt=""> 343 344 This element contains a directory name where will be mapped as the path 345 'as-path' in cached information. This is useful if the directory name is 346 an alias (via a bind mount or symlink) to another directory in the system 347 for which cached font information is likely to exist. 348 349 'salt' property affects to determine cache filename as same as <dir> 350 element. 351 352 <reset-dirs /> 353 354 This element removes all of fonts directories where added by <dir> 355 elements. This is useful to override fonts directories from system to own 356 fonts directories only. 357 358 <rescan> 359 360 The <rescan> element holds an <int> element which indicates the default 361 interval between automatic checks for font configuration changes. 362 Fontconfig will validate all of the configuration files and directories 363 and automatically rebuild the internal datastructures when this interval 364 passes. 365 366 <selectfont> 367 368 This element is used to black/white list fonts from being listed or 369 matched against. It holds acceptfont and rejectfont elements. 370 371 <acceptfont> 372 373 Fonts matched by an acceptfont element are "whitelisted"; such fonts are 374 explicitly included in the set of fonts used to resolve list and match 375 requests; including them in this list protects them from being 376 "blacklisted" by a rejectfont element. Acceptfont elements include glob 377 and pattern elements which are used to match fonts. 378 379 <rejectfont> 380 381 Fonts matched by an rejectfont element are "blacklisted"; such fonts are 382 excluded from the set of fonts used to resolve list and match requests as 383 if they didn't exist in the system. Rejectfont elements include glob and 384 pattern elements which are used to match fonts. 385 386 <glob> 387 388 Glob elements hold shell-style filename matching patterns (including ? and 389 *) which match fonts based on their complete pathnames. This can be used 390 to exclude a set of directories (/usr/share/fonts/uglyfont*), or 391 particular font file types (*.pcf.gz), but the latter mechanism relies 392 rather heavily on filenaming conventions which can't be relied upon. Note 393 that globs only apply to directories, not to individual fonts. 394 395 <pattern> 396 397 Pattern elements perform list-style matching on incoming fonts; that is, 398 they hold a list of elements and associated values. If all of those 399 elements have a matching value, then the pattern matches the font. This 400 can be used to select fonts based on attributes of the font (scalable, 401 bold, etc), which is a more reliable mechanism than using file extensions. 402 Pattern elements include patelt elements. 403 404 <patelt name="property"> 405 406 Patelt elements hold a single pattern element and list of values. They 407 must have a 'name' attribute which indicates the pattern element name. 408 Patelt elements include int, double, string, matrix, bool, charset and 409 const elements. 410 411 <match target="pattern"> 412 413 This element holds first a (possibly empty) list of <test> elements and 414 then a (possibly empty) list of <edit> elements. Patterns which match all 415 of the tests are subjected to all the edits. If 'target' is set to "font" 416 instead of the default "pattern", then this element applies to the font 417 name resulting from a match rather than a font pattern to be matched. If 418 'target' is set to "scan", then this element applies when the font is 419 scanned to build the fontconfig database. 420 421 <test qual="any" name="property" target="default" compare="eq"> 422 423 This element contains a single value which is compared with the target 424 ('pattern', 'font', 'scan' or 'default') property "property" (substitute 425 any of the property names seen above). 'compare' can be one of "eq", 426 "not_eq", "less", "less_eq", "more", "more_eq", "contains" or 427 "not_contains". 'qual' may either be the default, "any", in which case the 428 match succeeds if any value associated with the property matches the test 429 value, or "all", in which case all of the values associated with the 430 property must match the test value. 'ignore-blanks' takes a boolean value. 431 if 'ignore-blanks' is set "true", any blanks in the string will be ignored 432 on its comparison. this takes effects only when compare="eq" or 433 compare="not_eq". When used in a <match target="font"> element, the 434 target= attribute in the <test> element selects between matching the 435 original pattern or the font. "default" selects whichever target the outer 436 <match> element has selected. 437 438 <edit name="property" mode="assign" binding="weak"> 439 440 This element contains a list of expression elements (any of the value or 441 operator elements). The expression elements are evaluated at run-time and 442 modify the property "property". The modification depends on whether 443 "property" was matched by one of the associated <test> elements, if so, 444 the modification may affect the first matched value. Any values inserted 445 into the property are given the indicated binding ("strong", "weak" or 446 "same") with "same" binding using the value from the matched pattern 447 element. 'mode' is one of: 448 449 Mode With Match Without Match 450 --------------------------------------------------------------------- 451 "assign" Replace matching value Replace all values 452 "assign_replace" Replace all values Replace all values 453 "prepend" Insert before matching Insert at head of list 454 "prepend_first" Insert at head of list Insert at head of list 455 "append" Append after matching Append at end of list 456 "append_last" Append at end of list Append at end of list 457 "delete" Delete matching value Delete all values 458 "delete_all" Delete all values Delete all values 459 460 461 <int>, <double>, <string>, <bool> 462 463 These elements hold a single value of the indicated type. <bool> elements 464 hold either true or false. An important limitation exists in the parsing 465 of floating point numbers -- fontconfig requires that the mantissa start 466 with a digit, not a decimal point, so insert a leading zero for purely 467 fractional values (e.g. use 0.5 instead of .5 and -0.5 instead of -.5). 468 469 <matrix> 470 471 This element holds four numerical expressions of an affine transformation. 472 At their simplest these will be four <double> elements but they can also 473 be more involved expressions. 474 475 <range> 476 477 This element holds the two <int> elements of a range representation. 478 479 <charset> 480 481 This element holds at least one <int> element of an Unicode code point or 482 more. 483 484 <langset> 485 486 This element holds at least one <string> element of a RFC-3066-style 487 languages or more. 488 489 <name> 490 491 Holds a property name. Evaluates to the first value from the property of 492 the pattern. If the 'target' attribute is not present, it will default to 493 'default', in which case the property is returned from the font pattern 494 during a target="font" match, and to the pattern during a target="pattern" 495 match. The attribute can also take the values 'font' or 'pattern' to 496 explicitly choose which pattern to use. It is an error to use a target of 497 'font' in a match that has target="pattern". 498 499 <const> 500 501 Holds the name of a constant; these are always integers and serve as 502 symbolic names for common font values: 503 504 Constant Property Value 505 ------------------------------------- 506 thin weight 0 507 extralight weight 40 508 ultralight weight 40 509 light weight 50 510 demilight weight 55 511 semilight weight 55 512 book weight 75 513 regular weight 80 514 normal weight 80 515 medium weight 100 516 demibold weight 180 517 semibold weight 180 518 bold weight 200 519 extrabold weight 205 520 black weight 210 521 heavy weight 210 522 roman slant 0 523 italic slant 100 524 oblique slant 110 525 ultracondensed width 50 526 extracondensed width 63 527 condensed width 75 528 semicondensed width 87 529 normal width 100 530 semiexpanded width 113 531 expanded width 125 532 extraexpanded width 150 533 ultraexpanded width 200 534 proportional spacing 0 535 dual spacing 90 536 mono spacing 100 537 charcell spacing 110 538 unknown rgba 0 539 rgb rgba 1 540 bgr rgba 2 541 vrgb rgba 3 542 vbgr rgba 4 543 none rgba 5 544 lcdnone lcdfilter 0 545 lcddefault lcdfilter 1 546 lcdlight lcdfilter 2 547 lcdlegacy lcdfilter 3 548 hintnone hintstyle 0 549 hintslight hintstyle 1 550 hintmedium hintstyle 2 551 hintfull hintstyle 3 552 553 554 <or>, <and>, <plus>, <minus>, <times>, <divide> 555 556 These elements perform the specified operation on a list of expression 557 elements. <or> and <and> are boolean, not bitwise. 558 559 <eq>, <not_eq>, <less>, <less_eq>, <more>, <more_eq>, <contains>, 560 <not_contains 561 562 These elements compare two values, producing a boolean result. 563 564 <not> 565 566 Inverts the boolean sense of its one expression element 567 568 <if> 569 570 This element takes three expression elements; if the value of the first is 571 true, it produces the value of the second, otherwise it produces the value 572 of the third. 573 574 <alias> 575 576 Alias elements provide a shorthand notation for the set of common match 577 operations needed to substitute one font family for another. They contain 578 a <family> element followed by optional <prefer>, <accept> and <default> 579 elements. Fonts matching the <family> element are edited to prepend the 580 list of <prefer>ed families before the matching <family>, append the 581 <accept>able families after the matching <family> and append the <default> 582 families to the end of the family list. 583 584 <family> 585 586 Holds a single font family name 587 588 <prefer>, <accept>, <default> 589 590 These hold a list of <family> elements to be used by the <alias> element. 591 592EXAMPLE CONFIGURATION FILE 593 594 System configuration file 595 596 This is an example of a system-wide configuration file 597 598<?xml version="1.0"?> 599<!DOCTYPE fontconfig SYSTEM "urn:fontconfig:fonts.dtd"> 600<!-- /etc/fonts/fonts.conf file to configure system font access --> 601<fontconfig> 602<!-- 603 Find fonts in these directories 604--> 605<dir>/usr/share/fonts</dir> 606<dir>/usr/X11R6/lib/X11/fonts</dir> 607 608<!-- 609 Accept deprecated 'mono' alias, replacing it with 'monospace' 610--> 611<match target="pattern"> 612 <test qual="any" name="family"><string>mono</string></test> 613 <edit name="family" mode="assign"><string>monospace</string></edit> 614</match> 615 616<!-- 617 Names not including any well known alias are given 'sans-serif' 618--> 619<match target="pattern"> 620 <test qual="all" name="family" compare="not_eq"><string>sans-serif</string></test> 621 <test qual="all" name="family" compare="not_eq"><string>serif</string></test> 622 <test qual="all" name="family" compare="not_eq"><string>monospace</string></test> 623 <edit name="family" mode="append_last"><string>sans-serif</string></edit> 624</match> 625 626<!-- 627 Load per-user customization file, but don't complain 628 if it doesn't exist 629--> 630<include ignore_missing="yes" prefix="xdg">fontconfig/fonts.conf</include> 631 632<!-- 633 Load local customization files, but don't complain 634 if there aren't any 635--> 636<include ignore_missing="yes">conf.d</include> 637<include ignore_missing="yes">local.conf</include> 638 639<!-- 640 Alias well known font names to available TrueType fonts. 641 These substitute TrueType faces for similar Type1 642 faces to improve screen appearance. 643--> 644<alias> 645 <family>Times</family> 646 <prefer><family>Times New Roman</family></prefer> 647 <default><family>serif</family></default> 648</alias> 649<alias> 650 <family>Helvetica</family> 651 <prefer><family>Arial</family></prefer> 652 <default><family>sans</family></default> 653</alias> 654<alias> 655 <family>Courier</family> 656 <prefer><family>Courier New</family></prefer> 657 <default><family>monospace</family></default> 658</alias> 659 660<!-- 661 Provide required aliases for standard names 662 Do these after the users configuration file so that 663 any aliases there are used preferentially 664--> 665<alias> 666 <family>serif</family> 667 <prefer><family>Times New Roman</family></prefer> 668</alias> 669<alias> 670 <family>sans</family> 671 <prefer><family>Arial</family></prefer> 672</alias> 673<alias> 674 <family>monospace</family> 675 <prefer><family>Andale Mono</family></prefer> 676</alias> 677 678<-- 679 The example of the requirements of OR operator; 680 If the 'family' contains 'Courier New' OR 'Courier' 681 add 'monospace' as the alternative 682--> 683<match target="pattern"> 684 <test name="family" compare="eq"> 685 <string>Courier New</string> 686 </test> 687 <edit name="family" mode="prepend"> 688 <string>monospace</string> 689 </edit> 690</match> 691<match target="pattern"> 692 <test name="family" compare="eq"> 693 <string>Courier</string> 694 </test> 695 <edit name="family" mode="prepend"> 696 <string>monospace</string> 697 </edit> 698</match> 699 700</fontconfig> 701 702 703 User configuration file 704 705 This is an example of a per-user configuration file that lives in 706 $XDG_CONFIG_HOME/fontconfig/fonts.conf 707 708 <?xml version="1.0"?> 709 <!DOCTYPE fontconfig SYSTEM "urn:fontconfig:fonts.dtd"> 710 <!-- $XDG_CONFIG_HOME/fontconfig/fonts.conf for per-user font configuration --> 711 <fontconfig> 712 713 <!-- 714 Private font directory 715 --> 716 <dir prefix="xdg">fonts</dir> 717 718 <!-- 719 use rgb sub-pixel ordering to improve glyph appearance on 720 LCD screens. Changes affecting rendering, but not matching 721 should always use target="font". 722 --> 723 <match target="font"> 724 <edit name="rgba" mode="assign"><const>rgb</const></edit> 725 </match> 726 <!-- 727 use WenQuanYi Zen Hei font when serif is requested for Chinese 728 --> 729 <match> 730 <!-- 731 If you don't want to use WenQuanYi Zen Hei font for zh-tw etc, 732 you can use zh-cn instead of zh. 733 Please note, even if you set zh-cn, it still matches zh. 734 if you don't like it, you can use compare="eq" 735 instead of compare="contains". 736 --> 737 <test name="lang" compare="contains"> 738 <string>zh</string> 739 </test> 740 <test name="family"> 741 <string>serif</string> 742 </test> 743 <edit name="family" mode="prepend"> 744 <string>WenQuanYi Zen Hei</string> 745 </edit> 746 </match> 747 <!-- 748 use VL Gothic font when sans-serif is requested for Japanese 749 --> 750 <match> 751 <test name="lang" compare="contains"> 752 <string>ja</string> 753 </test> 754 <test name="family"> 755 <string>sans-serif</string> 756 </test> 757 <edit name="family" mode="prepend"> 758 <string>VL Gothic</string> 759 </edit> 760 </match> 761 </fontconfig> 762 763 764Files 765 766 fonts.conf contains configuration information for the fontconfig library 767 consisting of directories to look at for font information as well as 768 instructions on editing program specified font patterns before attempting 769 to match the available fonts. It is in XML format. 770 771 conf.d is the conventional name for a directory of additional 772 configuration files managed by external applications or the local 773 administrator. The filenames starting with decimal digits are sorted in 774 lexicographic order and used as additional configuration files. All of 775 these files are in XML format. The master fonts.conf file references this 776 directory in an <include> directive. 777 778 fonts.dtd is a DTD that describes the format of the configuration files. 779 780 $XDG_CONFIG_HOME/fontconfig/conf.d and ~/.fonts.conf.d is the conventional 781 name for a per-user directory of (typically auto-generated) configuration 782 files, although the actual location is specified in the global fonts.conf 783 file. please note that ~/.fonts.conf.d is deprecated now. it will not be 784 read by default in the future version. 785 786 $XDG_CONFIG_HOME/fontconfig/fonts.conf and ~/.fonts.conf is the 787 conventional location for per-user font configuration, although the actual 788 location is specified in the global fonts.conf file. please note that 789 ~/.fonts.conf is deprecated now. it will not be read by default in the 790 future version. 791 792 $XDG_CACHE_HOME/fontconfig/*.cache-* and ~/.fontconfig/*.cache-* is the 793 conventional repository of font information that isn't found in the 794 per-directory caches. This file is automatically maintained by fontconfig. 795 please note that ~/.fontconfig/*.cache-* is deprecated now. it will not be 796 read by default in the future version. 797 798Environment variables 799 800 FONTCONFIG_FILE is used to override the default configuration file. 801 802 FONTCONFIG_PATH is used to override the default configuration directory. 803 804 FONTCONFIG_SYSROOT is used to set a default sysroot directory. 805 806 FC_DEBUG is used to output the detailed debugging messages. see 807 [1]Debugging Applications section for more details. 808 809 FC_DBG_MATCH_FILTER is used to filter out the patterns. this takes a 810 comma-separated list of object names and effects only when FC_DEBUG has 811 MATCH2. see [2]Debugging Applications section for more details. 812 813 FC_LANG is used to specify the default language as the weak binding in the 814 query. if this isn't set, the default language will be determined from 815 current locale. 816 817 FONTCONFIG_USE_MMAP is used to control the use of mmap(2) for the cache 818 files if available. this take a boolean value. fontconfig will checks if 819 the cache files are stored on the filesystem that is safe to use mmap(2). 820 explicitly setting this environment variable will causes skipping this 821 check and enforce to use or not use mmap(2) anyway. 822 823 SOURCE_DATE_EPOCH is used to ensure fc-cache(1) generates files in a 824 deterministic manner in order to support reproducible builds. When set to 825 a numeric representation of UNIX timestamp, fontconfig will prefer this 826 value over using the modification timestamps of the input files in order 827 to identify which cache files require regeneration. If SOURCE_DATE_EPOCH 828 is not set (or is newer than the mtime of the directory), the existing 829 behaviour is unchanged. 830 831See Also 832 833 fc-cat(1), fc-cache(1), fc-list(1), fc-match(1), fc-query(1), 834 [3]SOURCE_DATE_EPOCH. 835 836Version 837 838 Fontconfig version 2.14.0 839 840References 841 842 Visible links 843 1. file:///tmp/html-79mk3c#DEBUG 844 2. file:///tmp/html-79mk3c#DEBUG 845 3. https://reproducible-builds.org/specs/source-date-epoch/ 846