1 1.1 christos <!DOCTYPE HTML PUBLIC "-//W3C//DTD HTML 3.2 Final//EN"> 2 1.1 christos <html> 3 1.1 christos <head> 4 1.1 christos <meta http-equiv="content-type" content="text/html;charset=iso-8859-1"> 5 1.1 christos <title>Mom -- Appendices</title> 6 1.1 christos </head> 7 1.1 christos <body bgcolor="#dfdfdf"> 8 1.1 christos 9 1.1 christos <!====================================================================> 10 1.1 christos 11 1.1 christos <a href="reserved.html#TOP">Next</a> 12 1.1 christos <a href="macrolist.html#TOP">Prev</a> 13 1.1 christos <a href="toc.html">Back to Table of Contents</a> 14 1.1 christos <p> 15 1.1 christos 16 1.1 christos <a name="TOP"></a> 17 1.1 christos <a name="APPENDICES"> 18 1.1 christos <h2 align="center"><u>APPENDICES</u></h2> 19 1.1 christos </a> 20 1.1 christos 21 1.1 christos <ul> 22 1.1 christos <li><a href="#MOREDOC">Further notes on this documentation</a> 23 1.1 christos <li><a href="#FONTS">Adding PostScript fonts to groff</a> 24 1.1 christos <ul> 25 1.1 christos <li><a href="#HOWTO">How to create a PostScript font for use with groff</a> 26 1.1 christos </ul> 27 1.1 christos <li><a href="#CODENOTES">Some reflections on mom, with an apology</a> 28 1.1 christos <li><a href="#CONTACT">Contact the author</a> 29 1.1 christos <li><a href="reserved.html">List of reserved words</a> 30 1.1 christos </ul> 31 1.1 christos 32 1.1 christos <a name="MOREDOC"> 33 1.1 christos <h2><u>Further notes on this documentation</u></h2> 34 1.1 christos </a> 35 1.1 christos 36 1.1 christos Some <strong>mom</strong> users are sure to ask: "Why is this 37 1.1 christos documentation in html? If <strong>mom</strong>'s so great, why not 38 1.1 christos typeset the whole thing to show her off? And if groff's so great, 39 1.1 christos why not write a man page?" 40 1.1 christos <p> 41 1.1 christos Valid questions, to be sure, and <strong>mom</strong> has 42 1.1 christos answers. (Okay -- I have answers, but I speak for 43 1.1 christos <strong>mom</strong>.) 44 1.1 christos <p> 45 1.1 christos The documentation is in html because I still find it the best tool 46 1.1 christos for navigating lengthy manuals. Html, with its anchors and links, 47 1.1 christos came into being precisely so people could do something they'd never 48 1.1 christos been able to with the printed word: instantly track down internal 49 1.1 christos and external references in a document. 50 1.1 christos <p> 51 1.1 christos To me, it's essential that people reading <strong>mom</strong>'s 52 1.1 christos documentation never have difficulty finding precisely the macro 53 1.1 christos they need for a particular task. Equally, when reading up on 54 1.1 christos a macro, they should never be presented with terms or other 55 1.1 christos macro names for which they cannot instantly find accurate explanations. 56 1.1 christos Short of having written the documentation in TeX for the info browser 57 1.1 christos (and TeX bloat is one of the reasons I prefer to typeset with groff), 58 1.1 christos I can think of no better way to achieve the kind of truly useful 59 1.1 christos documentation I wanted than html. 60 1.1 christos <p> 61 1.1 christos Another reason for html is that working with <strong>mom</strong> 62 1.1 christos necessarily involves creating files inside a text editor. I use 63 1.1 christos elvis, a truly fabulous vi clone that does a terrific job of rendering 64 1.1 christos basic (text only) html. I may have written <strong>mom</strong>, 65 1.1 christos but I still regularly call on her documentation. Elvis, with its 66 1.1 christos html capabilities, lets me write and format <strong>mom</strong> 67 1.1 christos documents AND peruse her documentation, clicking on links as 68 1.1 christos necessary, without ever leaving the comfy confines of my 69 1.1 christos text editor. 70 1.1 christos <p> 71 1.1 christos Not everyone, of course, uses an editor with html capabilities. 72 1.1 christos For them, firing up a browser is obviously necessary for reading 73 1.1 christos <strong>mom</strong>'s documentation. Browsers being what they are, 74 1.1 christos and not everyone on the globe having the cash for muscle machines 75 1.1 christos to run Galeon, or Konqueror or Mozilla, their browser 76 1.1 christos needs to be fast and light--and probably "text-only". 77 1.1 christos <p> 78 1.1 christos Some <strong>mom</strong> users may notice the absence of graphics, 79 1.1 christos frames, and (for the most part) tables in this documentation. The 80 1.1 christos reason is simple: text-only browsers. People who, for whatever 81 1.1 christos reason (choice or necessity), use lynx, or links or w3m to read 82 1.1 christos the documentation must be able to make sense of it. All of it. 83 1.1 christos Graphical examples of <strong>mom</strong> in action might have made 84 1.1 christos some parts of the documentation easier to write, but would have 85 1.1 christos excluded text-only browser users. And it goes without saying that 86 1.1 christos the documentation looks fine if you're reading it in a graphical 87 1.1 christos browser. 88 1.1 christos <br> 89 1.1 christos <hr> 90 1.1 christos 91 1.1 christos <!=====================================================================> 92 1.1 christos 93 1.1 christos <a name="FONTS"> 94 1.1 christos <h2><u>Adding PostScript fonts to groff</u></h2> 95 1.1 christos </a> 96 1.1 christos 97 1.1 christos <a name="SMALL_NOTE"></a> 98 1.1 christos <em><strong>Small note:</strong> the term <prefix> in this 99 1.1 christos section refers to the directory in which groff is installed, 100 1.1 christos typically something like /usr/share/groff/<version#> 101 1.1 christos (for distro-specific, pre-compiled groff packages) or 102 1.1 christos /usr/local/share/groff/<version#> (if you've built groff 103 1.1 christos from source).</em> 104 1.1 christos <p> 105 1.1 christos Groff comes with a small library of PostScript 106 1.1 christos <a href="definitions.html#TERMS_FAMILY">families</a> 107 1.1 christos (see the 108 1.1 christos <a href="typesetting.html#FAMILY">FAMILY</a> 109 1.1 christos macro for a list). The families have four 110 1.1 christos <a href="definitions.html#TERMS_FONT">fonts</a> 111 1.1 christos associated with them. These fonts are a combination of 112 1.1 christos <a href="definitions.html#TERMS_WEIGHT">weight</a> 113 1.1 christos and 114 1.1 christos <a href="definitions.html#TERMS_SHAPE">shape</a>: 115 1.1 christos <br> 116 1.1 christos <ul> 117 1.1 christos <li><strong>R</strong> (Roman, usually Medium weight), 118 1.1 christos <li><strong>I</strong> (Italic, usually Medium weight), 119 1.1 christos <li><strong>B</strong> (Bold, usually Roman shape) and 120 1.1 christos <li><strong>BI</strong> (Bold Italic). 121 1.1 christos </ul> 122 1.1 christos <p> 123 1.1 christos If you do a lot of document processing or typesetting with 124 1.1 christos <strong>mom</strong>, you'll find, sooner or later, that these 125 1.1 christos families and their associated fonts aren't sufficient. You'll want 126 1.1 christos to supplement them, either with more fonts for the families already 127 1.1 christos provided--"Damn! I need Helvetica Bold Condensed Italic!"--or with 128 1.1 christos entire new families. 129 1.1 christos <p> 130 1.1 christos Without going into the gory details (yet), while it's true that 131 1.1 christos adding fonts to groff is a relatively straightforward 132 1.1 christos process, extending existing families or adding new ones requires 133 1.1 christos some planning. 134 1.1 christos <p> 135 1.1 christos The traditional approach to extending groff families has been 136 1.1 christos to create new families for non-default weights and 137 1.1 christos shapes (e.g. Light, which is a weight; Condensed, which is a 138 1.1 christos shape), then to associate them with groff's predefined <strong>R, 139 1.1 christos I, B</strong> and <strong>BI</strong> font styles. An example 140 1.1 christos of this can be seen in the groff PostScript font library itself 141 1.1 christos (<prefix>/font/devps/): there's one "family" for 142 1.1 christos Helvetica (HR, HI, HB, HBI) and another for Helvetica Narrow (HNR, 143 1.1 christos HNI, HNB, HNBI). 144 1.1 christos <p> 145 1.1 christos The difficulty with this approach is that typographers 146 1.1 christos tend to think of "families" as referring to the 147 1.1 christos entire set of font weights and shapes associated with a 148 1.1 christos particular family name. For example, when a typesetter says 149 1.1 christos "the Helvetica family", s/he is including the <a 150 1.1 christos href="definitions.html#TERMS_WEIGHT">weights</a> Helvetica Thin, 151 1.1 christos Helvetic Light, Helvetica Regular, Helvetica Bold, Helvetica Heavy, 152 1.1 christos etc, and all their associated 153 1.1 christos <a href="definitions.html#TERMS_SHAPE">shapes</a> 154 1.1 christos (Roman, 155 1.1 christos Italic, Condensed, Narrow, Extended, Outline, etc). 156 1.1 christos <p> 157 1.1 christos Thus, intuitively, when a typesetter gives <strong>mom</strong> a 158 1.1 christos <kbd>.FAM(ILY)</kbd> directive, s/he reasonably expects that any 159 1.1 christos subsequent <kbd>.FT</kbd> directive will access the desired font 160 1.1 christos from the Helvetica family--without the need to state explicitly both 161 1.1 christos family and font to <kbd>.FT</kbd>, as it is explained one can do in 162 1.1 christos the 163 1.1 christos <a href="typesetting.html#FAMILY">FAMILY</a> 164 1.1 christos and 165 1.1 christos <a href="typesetting.html#FONT">FT</a> 166 1.1 christos sections of these documents. 167 1.1 christos <p> 168 1.1 christos If one had, say, the fonts, Helvetica Light Roman 169 1.1 christos and Helvetica Light Italic as well as Helvetica Light Condensed 170 1.1 christos Roman and Helvetica Light Condensed Italic, the traditional 171 1.1 christos approach would require two "partial" families: HLR/HLI and 172 1.1 christos HLCDR/HLCDI. Accessing these family/font combos 173 1.1 christos routinely throughout a document would then require 174 1.1 christos changing family (with <kbd>.FAM(ILY)</kbd>) and selecting the 175 1.1 christos desired font (with <kbd>.FT R</kbd> or <kbd>.FT I</kbd>), or 176 1.1 christos passing <kbd>.FT</kbd> the lengthy family+fontname (.e.g. <kbd>.FT 177 1.1 christos HLCDI</kbd>). 178 1.1 christos <p> 179 1.1 christos Fortunately, groff provides a mechanism whereby it's possible to 180 1.1 christos extend the basic <strong>R, I, B</strong> and <strong>BI</strong> 181 1.1 christos fonts ("styles" in groff-speak) so that one can, in 182 1.1 christos fact, create extensive type families, and access all the fonts 183 1.1 christos in them with <kbd>.ft</kbd> (groff) or <kbd>.FT</kbd> (mom). 184 1.1 christos <p> 185 1.1 christos <strong>mom</strong> uses this mechanism to offer, in addition to 186 1.1 christos groff's default PostScript font styles, the following: 187 1.1 christos <p> 188 1.1 christos <a name="STYLE_EXTENSIONS"></a> 189 1.1 christos <pre> 190 1.1 christos Mom's extensions to groff's basic font styles 191 1.1 christos ============================================= 192 1.1 christos 193 1.1 christos L = Light Roman 194 1.1 christos LI = Light Italic 195 1.1 christos LCD = Light Condensed Roman 196 1.1 christos LCDI = Light Condensed Italic 197 1.1 christos LEX = Light Extended Roman 198 1.1 christos LEXI = Light Extended Italic 199 1.1 christos CD = Medium/Book Condensed Roman 200 1.1 christos CDI = Medium/Book Condensed Italic 201 1.1 christos EX = Medium/Book Extended Roman 202 1.1 christos EXI = Medium/Book Extended Italic 203 1.1 christos DB = DemiBold Roman 204 1.1 christos DBI = DemiBold Italic 205 1.1 christos BCD = Bold Condensed Roman 206 1.1 christos BCDI = Bold Condensed Italic 207 1.1 christos BEX = Bold Extended Roman 208 1.1 christos BEXI = Bold Extended Italic 209 1.1 christos HV = Heavy Roman 210 1.1 christos HVI = Heavy Italic 211 1.1 christos HVCD = Heavy Condensed Roman 212 1.1 christos HVCDI = Heavy Condensed Italic 213 1.1 christos HVEX = Heavy Extended Roman 214 1.1 christos HVEXI = Heavy Extended Italic 215 1.1 christos BL = Black Roman 216 1.1 christos BLI = Black Italic 217 1.1 christos BLCD = Black Condensed Roman 218 1.1 christos BLCDI = Black Condensed Italic 219 1.1 christos BLEX = Black Extended Roman 220 1.1 christos BLEXI = Black Extended Italic 221 1.1 christos UBL = Ultra-Black Roman 222 1.1 christos UBLI = Ultra-Black Italic 223 1.1 christos </pre> 224 1.1 christos 225 1.1 christos Thus, with <strong>mom</strong>, if you've installed, say, some 226 1.1 christos extra Helvetica fonts and named them according to the convention FS 227 1.1 christos (where "F" means family and "S" means font 228 1.1 christos style), once having entered 229 1.1 christos <p> 230 1.1 christos <pre> 231 1.1 christos .FAMILY H 232 1.1 christos or 233 1.1 christos .FAM H 234 1.1 christos </pre> 235 1.1 christos 236 1.1 christos you can access any of those Helvetica fonts simply by 237 1.1 christos passing the correct argument from the list above to 238 1.1 christos <a href="typesetting.html#FONT">FT</a>. 239 1.1 christos <p> 240 1.1 christos For example, if you were working in Medium Roman (<kbd>.FT R</kbd>) 241 1.1 christos and you needed Medium Condensed Italic for a while (assuming it's 242 1.1 christos installed), you'd just type 243 1.1 christos <p> 244 1.1 christos <pre> 245 1.1 christos .FT CDI 246 1.1 christos </pre> 247 1.1 christos 248 1.1 christos to access the Medium Condensed Italic font from the Helvetica 249 1.1 christos family. 250 1.1 christos <p> 251 1.1 christos <strong>Mom</strong>'s list of font styles doesn't pretend to 252 1.1 christos be exhaustive, but rather tries to cover the basic weight/shape 253 1.1 christos combinations likely to be found in any reasonably complete type 254 1.1 christos family. 255 1.1 christos <p> 256 1.1 christos The actual extension names are arbitrary and can be used in a 257 1.1 christos flexible manner. For example, if you create a family that has a 258 1.1 christos DemiBold font (DB) but no Bold font (B), you might find it more 259 1.1 christos convenient to give the DemiBold font the extension "B". 260 1.1 christos Equally, if the family has an ExtraBold font, you might find it more 261 1.1 christos convenient to use the extension "HV" (Heavy). 262 1.1 christos <a name="REGISTER_STYLE"></a> 263 1.1 christos <p> 264 1.1 christos However, you may, at needs, want to add to <strong>mom</strong>'s 265 1.1 christos list of font styles. You can do this by editing the file, om.tmac. 266 1.1 christos Near the top, you'll see lines of the form 267 1.1 christos <p> 268 1.1 christos <pre> 269 1.1 christos .sty \n[.fp] L \" Light Roman 270 1.1 christos .sty \n[.fp] LI \" Light Italic 271 1.1 christos .sty \n[.fp] LCD \" Light Condensed Roman 272 1.1 christos </pre> 273 1.1 christos 274 1.1 christos Simply add your new font style by imitating what you see and 275 1.1 christos plugging in your new font style (having, of course, first created the 276 1.1 christos font, correctly named, in groff's PostScript font directory; see 277 1.1 christos <a href="#HOWTO">How to create a PostScript font for use with groff</a>). 278 1.1 christos <p> 279 1.1 christos For example, if you already have some fonts from the Univers 280 1.1 christos family installed and have called the family UN, you might decide at 281 1.1 christos some point to add the Bold Outline font (UNBO). In which case, 282 1.1 christos you'd add 283 1.1 christos <p> 284 1.1 christos <pre> 285 1.1 christos .sty \n[.fp] BO \" Bold Outline 286 1.1 christos </pre> 287 1.1 christos 288 1.1 christos to the <kbd>.sty \n[.fp] <font style></kbd> list in om.tmac. 289 1.1 christos <p> 290 1.1 christos Be careful, though, that any styles you add do not conflict 291 1.1 christos with <strong><u>family</u></strong> names that already exist. 292 1.1 christos "C", for example, conflicts with the Courier family 293 1.1 christos (CR, CI, CB, CI). Were you to create a font style "C", 294 1.1 christos thinking that <kbd>.FT C</kbd> would give you access to font style 295 1.1 christos once you'd given a <kbd>.FAM(ILY)</kbd> directive, you'd get a nasty 296 1.1 christos surprise: your type would come out in Courier Roman! 297 1.1 christos <p> 298 1.1 christos <strong>VERY IMPORTANT NOTE: mom</strong>'s font extensions are 299 1.1 christos not "user-space" controllable via a macro. If you've 300 1.1 christos been using groff for a long time, and have already rolled your own 301 1.1 christos solution to adding PostScript families, fonts, weights, shapes, etc. to 302 1.1 christos groff, you may find that <strong>mom</strong>'s font extensions 303 1.1 christos conflict with your own scheme. Should that be the case, comment out 304 1.1 christos the <kbd>.sty \n[.fp] <font style></kbd> lines found near the 305 1.1 christos top of the om.tmac file. 306 1.1 christos 307 1.1 christos <a name="HOWTO"><h3><u>How to create a PostScript font for use with groff</u></h3></a> 308 1.1 christos These instructions aren't meant to cover all possibilities, merely 309 1.1 christos to present one way of making PostScript families/fonts available to 310 1.1 christos groff and <strong>mom</strong>. 311 1.1 christos <p> 312 1.1 christos GNU/Linux distributions being what they are, directory locations may 313 1.1 christos differ and the presence of some executables can't be guaranteed. 314 1.1 christos I run a Debian system. The instructions reflect that. Users of 315 1.1 christos other distros will have to interpret them according to the way their 316 1.1 christos distro operates. 317 1.1 christos <p> 318 1.1 christos What you need before you start: 319 1.1 christos <br> 320 1.1 christos <ul> 321 1.1 christos <li>groff, version 1.18 or higher 322 1.1 christos <br> 323 1.1 christos (Debian package: groff) 324 1.1 christos <li>a full installation of gs and associated tools 325 1.1 christos <br> 326 1.1 christos (Debian package: gs or gs-gpl) 327 1.1 christos <li>a library of gs fonts 328 1.1 christos <br> 329 1.1 christos (Debian package: gsfonts) 330 1.1 christos <li>a utility for converting TrueType fonts to Type1 fonts 331 1.1 christos <br> 332 1.1 christos (Debian package: ttf2pt1) 333 1.1 christos <li>a font manager 334 1.1 christos <br> 335 1.1 christos (Debian packages: defoma, psfontmgr, dfontmgr) 336 1.1 christos <li>perl 337 1.1 christos <br> 338 1.1 christos (Debian package: perl) 339 1.1 christos </ul> 340 1.1 christos <br> 341 1.1 christos A reasonably complete installation of any major GNU/Linux distro 342 1.1 christos should already have these on your system, except perhaps for the 343 1.1 christos utility to convert TrueType fonts to Type1 fonts. 344 1.1 christos <p> 345 1.1 christos Initial preparation (you only have to do this once): 346 1.1 christos <br> 347 1.1 christos <ol> 348 1.1 christos <li>If you don't already have one, create a directory in your 349 1.1 christos home directory to hold new fonts. Any directory name will do. 350 1.1 christos I use ~/Fonts, with subdirectories for Type1, TrueType and Groff 351 1.1 christos fonts. 352 1.1 christos <a name="SITE-FONT"></a> 353 1.1 christos <li>Locate the groff directory, site-font. The exact location is 354 1.1 christos difficult to predict, owing to differences between distros 355 1.1 christos and whether you're using a pre-packaged groff or have built 356 1.1 christos it from source. Some typical locations are 357 1.1 christos <br> 358 1.1 christos <ul> 359 1.1 christos <li>/usr/share/groff, 360 1.1 christos <li>/usr/local/share/groff 361 1.1 christos <li>/etc/groff 362 1.1 christos </ul> 363 1.1 christos <p> 364 1.1 christos If you can't find the site-font directory, locate 365 1.1 christos groff's site-tmac directory, and, as root, create site-font 366 1.1 christos in the same directory as the one that holds site-tmac. 367 1.1 christos E.g., if you find site-tmac in /usr/share/groff, create 368 1.1 christos site-font in /usr/share/groff. 369 1.1 christos <li>Locate the file <kbd><prefix>/font/devps/generate/textmap</kbd> 370 1.1 christos and symlink it to <kbd>textmap</kbd> in the directory that 371 1.1 christos contains your personal collection of PostScript fonts. (See the 372 1.1 christos <a href="#SMALL_NOTE">Small Note</a>, 373 1.1 christos above, for the meaning of <prefix>). On my system, 374 1.1 christos at the time of writing, <prefix> is 375 1.1 christos /usr/local/share/groff/1.19.2/, therefore, I symlink it in 376 1.1 christos ~/Fonts/Type1 with 377 1.1 christos <br> 378 1.1 christos <pre> 379 1.1 christos ln -s /usr/local/share/groff/1.19.2/font/devps/generate/textmap textmap 380 1.1 christos </pre> 381 1.1 christos <li>Locate the file <prefix>/font/devps/text.enc and 382 1.1 christos symlink it to <kbd>text.enc</kbd> in your personal font 383 1.1 christos directory. On my system, in ~/Fonts/Type1 384 1.1 christos <pre> 385 1.1 christos ln -s /usr/local/share/groff/1.19.2/font/devps/text.enc text.enc 386 1.1 christos </pre> 387 1.1 christos <li>Make sure you know which directory/ies holds your gs fonts. 388 1.1 christos You'll need the information later. On a Debian box, some 389 1.1 christos typical locations are 390 1.1 christos <br> 391 1.1 christos <ul> 392 1.1 christos <li>/usr/lib/ghostscript/fonts 393 1.1 christos <li>/usr/share/ghostscript/fonts 394 1.1 christos <li>/usr/share/fonts/type1/gsfonts 395 1.1 christos </ul> 396 1.1 christos </ol> 397 1.1 christos <br> 398 1.1 christos Font creation/installation: 399 1.1 christos <br> 400 1.1 christos <ol> 401 1.1 christos <li>Acquire the font in either Type1 (.pfb) or TrueType 402 1.1 christos (.ttf) format. 403 1.1 christos <li>Place the font in your personal font directory; for me, 404 1.1 christos that's ~/Fonts/Type1 or ~/Fonts/TrueType. 405 1.1 christos <li>In your personal font directory, run one of the following: 406 1.1 christos <br> 407 1.1 christos <ul> 408 1.1 christos <li>For Type1 fonts 409 1.1 christos <br> 410 1.1 christos <ul> 411 1.1 christos <li><kbd>getafm fontfilename.pfb | gsnd - > fontfilename.afm</kbd> 412 1.1 christos <br> 413 1.1 christos For Type1 fonts, this will generate something called 414 1.1 christos an .afm (Adobe Font Metrics) file, which is 415 1.1 christos required to create PostScript fonts for groff. 416 1.1 christos </ul> 417 1.1 christos <li>For TrueType fonts 418 1.1 christos <br> 419 1.1 christos <ul> 420 1.1 christos <li><kbd>ttf2pt1 \-b fontfilename.ttf</kbd> 421 1.1 christos <br> 422 1.1 christos For TrueType fonts, this will generate a PostScript 423 1.1 christos .pfb file as well as an .afm file. 424 1.1 christos </ul> 425 1.1 christos </ul> 426 1.1 christos <li>Still in your personal font directory, run 427 1.1 christos <br> 428 1.1 christos <ul> 429 1.1 christos <li><kbd>afmtodit -e text.enc fontfilename.afm textmap GROFF_FONTNAME</kbd> 430 1.1 christos </ul> 431 1.1 christos <p> 432 1.1 christos Q: <em>How do I choose a GROFF_FONTNAME?</em> 433 1.1 christos <p> 434 1.1 christos A: Start by considering the 435 1.1 christos <a href="definitions.html#TERMS_FAMILY">family</a> 436 1.1 christos to which the font belongs. If you're adding to a family that 437 1.1 christos already exists in groff's <prefix>/font/devps 438 1.1 christos directory, that will be the first part of the font name. 439 1.1 christos (See 440 1.1 christos <a href="typesetting.html#FAMILY">here</a> 441 1.1 christos for a list of families already installed, along with their groff 442 1.1 christos names.) Add to that name the appropriate weight/style extension, 443 1.1 christos listed 444 1.1 christos <a href="#STYLE_EXTENSIONS">here</a>. 445 1.1 christos <p> 446 1.1 christos For example, if you're adding Helvetica Light Roman, your 447 1.1 christos GROFF_FONTNAME would be <strong>HL</strong>. If you're 448 1.1 christos adding Helvetica Light Italic, your GROFF_FONTNAME would be 449 1.1 christos <strong>HLI</strong>. 450 1.1 christos <p> 451 1.1 christos If you're adding a font not already in groff's PostScript 452 1.1 christos families, first choose a meaningful name for the 453 1.1 christos <a name="definitions.html#TERMS_FAMILY">family</a> 454 1.1 christos to which the font belongs. The name can be anything you like. If, 455 1.1 christos for example, the family is Garamond, you could choose GARAMOND, 456 1.1 christos GARA, GD, or even just plain G as the family name. Then tack on the 457 1.1 christos appropriate style/weight extension. Thus, if you were installing 458 1.1 christos Garamond Bold Condensed Italic and had chosen <strong>GD</strong> 459 1.1 christos as the family name for Garamond, your GROFF_FONTNAME would be 460 1.1 christos <strong>GDBCDI</strong>. 461 1.1 christos <p> 462 1.1 christos In <strong>mom</strong>, you can then access the Garamond 463 1.1 christos family with <kbd>.FAM GD</kbd>, and the Bold Condensed 464 1.1 christos Italic font wth <kbd>.FT BCDI</kbd>. 465 1.1 christos <p> 466 1.1 christos <strong>Note:</strong> The family name need not be in upper 467 1.1 christos case, and there's no limit to the length of the name. 468 1.1 christos "Garamond", for example, could be the name you 469 1.1 christos give the Garamond family. In fact, you might find it 470 1.1 christos preferable, since a) you wouldn't have to remember how 471 1.1 christos you'd named the family, and b) should you be scanning 472 1.1 christos your 473 1.1 christos <a href="#SITE-FONT">site-font directory</a>, 474 1.1 christos something like GaramondBCDI will be more meaningful than, 475 1.1 christos say, GDBCDI. 476 1.1 christos <li>Copy or move GROFF_FONTNAME to your 477 1.1 christos <a href="#SITE-FONT">site-font directory</a>, 478 1.1 christos or change to the site-font directory and make a symlink to 479 1.1 christos GROFF_FONTNAME in your personal directory. 480 1.1 christos <li>Copy or move the .pfb file to the directory that 481 1.1 christos holds your gs fonts, or change to that directory and make a 482 1.1 christos symlink to the .pfb file in your personal directory. 483 1.1 christos <li>Do whatever your system or distro requires in order to 484 1.1 christos register the new PostScript font (the .pfb file). On a 485 1.1 christos Debian system, as root, you can run dfontmgr for a 486 1.1 christos graphical interface that will take care of registering the 487 1.1 christos font. 488 1.1 christos </ol> 489 1.1 christos <p> 490 1.1 christos Written out in full, adding fonts looks like a lot of work. It 491 1.1 christos isn't. Basically, it's just: 492 1.1 christos <br> 493 1.1 christos <ul> 494 1.1 christos <li>acquire the font 495 1.1 christos <li>generate an .afm file for the font 496 1.1 christos <li>create the groff font 497 1.1 christos <li>put the groff font in <prefix>/font/devps 498 1.1 christos <li>make sure gs knows about the font 499 1.1 christos </ul> 500 1.1 christos <br> 501 1.1 christos After you've done it a couple of times, it all makes sense, and is 502 1.1 christos really quite easy. Not to mention that once you understand the 503 1.1 christos process, you can write a bash script to automate the process. 504 1.1 christos Here's an example, which you can adapt to your own needs. The 505 1.1 christos script requires an argument (the .pfb filename), then prompts for 506 1.1 christos the GROFF_FONTNAME. 507 1.1 christos <p> 508 1.1 christos <pre> 509 1.1 christos #! /bin/bash 510 1.1 christos 511 1.1 christos # A script for installing Type1 fonts. 512 1.1 christos # 513 1.1 christos # Builds .afm files from .pfb files, generates a groff font from the 514 1.1 christos # .afm file, makes a symlink in /usr/lib/ghostscript/font/ to the 515 1.1 christos # .pfb file, and a symlink in site-font to the groff font 516 1.1 christos 517 1.1 christos # .pfb filename, stripped of .pfb extension 518 1.1 christos FONT=`basename $1 .pfb` 519 1.1 christos 520 1.1 christos # Directory holding my personal collection of type1 fonts 521 1.1 christos FONTDIR="$HOME/Fonts/Type1" 522 1.1 christos 523 1.1 christos # Directory holding system ghostscript fonts 524 1.1 christos GS_FONTDIR="/usr/lib/ghostscript/fonts" 525 1.1 christos 526 1.1 christos # Location of site-font/devps 527 1.1 christos GROFF_SITE_FONTDIR="/usr/local/share/groff/site-font/devps" 528 1.1 christos 529 1.1 christos # Personal groff fonts directory 530 1.1 christos GROFF_FONTS="$HOME/Fonts/Groff" 531 1.1 christos 532 1.1 christos # Symlinks to textmap and text.enc 533 1.1 christos TEXTMAP="$FONTDIR/textmap" 534 1.1 christos TEXTENC="$FONTDIR/text.enc" 535 1.1 christos 536 1.1 christos if [ ! `pwd` = "$FONTDIR" ] ; then 537 1.1 christos echo "Changing into $FONTDIR directory.." 538 1.1 christos cd $FONTDIR 539 1.1 christos sleep 1 540 1.1 christos else 541 1.1 christos sleep 1 542 1.1 christos fi 543 1.1 christos 544 1.1 christos echo -n "Groff name for this font: " 545 1.1 christos read FONTNAME 546 1.1 christos sleep 1 547 1.1 christos 548 1.1 christos echo "Getting .afm.." 549 1.1 christos getafm $FONT.pfb | gsnd - > $FONT.afm 550 1.1 christos sleep 1 551 1.1 christos 552 1.1 christos echo "Creating $FONTNAME.." 553 1.1 christos afmtodit -e $TEXTENC $FONTDIR/$FONT.afm $TEXTMAP $FONTNAME 554 1.1 christos mv -i $FONTNAME $GROFF_FONTS 555 1.1 christos sudo ln -s $GROFF_FONTS/$FONTNAME $GROFF_SITE_FONTDIR/$FONTNAME 556 1.1 christos sleep 1 557 1.1 christos 558 1.1 christos echo "Linking $FONT in $GS_FONTDIR.." 559 1.1 christos cd $GS_FONTDIR 560 1.1 christos sudo ln -s $FONTDIR/$FONT.afm $FONT.afm 561 1.1 christos sudo ln -s $FONTDIR/$FONT.pfb $FONT.pfb 562 1.1 christos sleep 1 563 1.1 christos 564 1.1 christos # This next bit is Debian specific. If you're not running a 565 1.1 christos # Debian system, replace it with whatever your distro requires 566 1.1 christos # in order to register Type1 fonts. 567 1.1 christos 568 1.1 christos if [ !`pidof -x /usr/bin/dfontmgr` ] ; then 569 1.1 christos echo "I will now run dfontmgr so you can register the font." 570 1.1 christos exec sudo dfontmgr & 571 1.1 christos else 572 1.1 christos echo "You may now register the font with dfontmgr." 573 1.1 christos fi 574 1.1 christos </pre> 575 1.1 christos <hr> 576 1.1 christos 577 1.1 christos <!=====================================================================> 578 1.1 christos 579 1.1 christos <a name="CODENOTES"> 580 1.1 christos <h2><u>Some reflections on mom</u></h2> 581 1.1 christos </a> 582 1.1 christos 583 1.1 christos <p> 584 1.1 christos <strong>Mom</strong>, as a complete macro set, had her origins 585 1.1 christos in a "library" of groff routines I wrote over the 586 1.1 christos years to handle various aspects of typesetting and document 587 1.1 christos processing that weren't adequately covered by ms, me, mm, and so 588 1.1 christos on. Typically, I'd use the library to cobble together macro 589 1.1 christos sets for new challenges as they came my way. 590 1.1 christos <p> 591 1.1 christos If, as Eric Raymond asserts, open source begins with a programmer 592 1.1 christos scratching a personal itch, then <strong>mom</strong> can truly be 593 1.1 christos called open source, even if, a mere humble set of macros standing on 594 1.1 christos the shoulders of a giant named troff, she isn't programming at all. 595 1.1 christos <p> 596 1.1 christos As a writer living in a perpetual state of penury, all the computers 597 1.1 christos I've ever owned have been hand-me-downs -- several generations 598 1.1 christos out-of-date and "resource challenged". Disk space has 599 1.1 christos always been an issue, as has processor speed and available RAM. 600 1.1 christos One of the reasons I run GNU/Linux is that it has helped enormously 601 1.1 christos to get the most out of my poor little boxes. (It has been pointed 602 1.1 christos out to me that NetBSD might be an even better choice of operating 603 1.1 christos systems for computers with limited resources.) 604 1.1 christos <p> 605 1.1 christos In Linux-land, the choice of typesetting systems basically comes down 606 1.1 christos to groff or TeX. Both are wonderful -- monumental achievements if you 607 1.1 christos ask me -- and both have their own particular strengths. However, for 608 1.1 christos people in my financial position (and there are millions of us around 609 1.1 christos the globe, in both developed and developing countries), TeX and groff 610 1.1 christos have one big difference: size. TeX is huge. Even its most ardent 611 1.1 christos supporters agree it suffers from bloat, on top of being complex and 612 1.1 christos unwieldy to manage. Groff is tiny by comparison, occupying minimal 613 1.1 christos disk space and having only a small memory footprint while at the same 614 1.1 christos time being flexible and powerful, typographically speaking. I've run 615 1.1 christos it successfully on a 386 with 8 megs of RAM and a 250 meg hard disk. 616 1.1 christos <p> 617 1.1 christos However, groff has always had a liability: it's incredibly geeky. 618 1.1 christos Owing to its very long history, it -- and its "power users" 619 1.1 christos -- have remained stuck in a time warp. Most common macro packages 620 1.1 christos still look as they did in those decades when memory was exorbitantly 621 1.1 christos expensive and every byte mattered. Documentation -- not always 622 1.1 christos easy to find -- is written as if all readers are computer whizzes, 623 1.1 christos or at least have a university degree in one of the higher sciences. 624 1.1 christos <p> 625 1.1 christos By no means a stupid man, nor unfamiliar with the precepts of 626 1.1 christos programming, I've more than once torn my hair out over the terseness and 627 1.1 christos ambiguity of groff's documentation. Making sense of certain primitives 628 1.1 christos has often involved days of testing, interpreting the documentation 629 1.1 christos instead of just using the primitive. 630 1.1 christos <p> 631 1.1 christos (ADDENDUM to the previous two paragraphs: A tremendous amount of 632 1.1 christos effort has gone into creating a groff manual that can be read with 633 1.1 christos "info," as well as creating truly useful man pages. The info 634 1.1 christos manual is clear and well-written, so my comments are actually out 635 1.1 christos of date. I leave them in for the benefit of groff newbies, who may 636 1.1 christos still find the documents a bit intimidating.) 637 1.1 christos <p> 638 1.1 christos For some time now, groff users and macro writers have had the 639 1.1 christos option to use "long" names, yet have mostly chosen not to. 640 1.1 christos With long names, it's possible to create macro sets that are humanly 641 1.1 christos readable and easy to interpret, encouraging development and evolution. 642 1.1 christos What's more, the macros themselves need not be terse, intimidating, 643 1.1 christos and easily forgotten 1- or 2-letter commands inserted in the body 644 1.1 christos of a document. They can be sensible and helpful to everyone, groff 645 1.1 christos newbies and old hands alike. 646 1.1 christos <p> 647 1.1 christos <strong>Mom</strong>'s macro file, om.tmac, uses long names, aliases, 648 1.1 christos and a host of other groff goodies that have become part of the 649 1.1 christos whole groff picture under the unflagging guidance of groff's current 650 1.1 christos maintainer, Werner Lemberg. Nearly every macro, number register and 651 1.1 christos string is "recognizable" simply by its name. The file is 652 1.1 christos heavily commented. A consistent, if idiosyncratic, indenting style 653 1.1 christos is used as well, significantly improving readability. Anyone 654 1.1 christos wanting to futz around with <strong>mom</strong>'s macros should be 655 1.1 christos able to do so with a minimum of head scratching. 656 1.1 christos <br> 657 1.1 christos <hr> 658 1.1 christos 659 1.1 christos <!=====================================================================> 660 1.1 christos 661 1.1 christos <a name="CONTACT"> 662 1.1 christos <h2><u>Contact the author</u></h2> 663 1.1 christos </a> 664 1.1 christos 665 1.1 christos <p> 666 1.1 christos If you have any questions or comments about <strong>mom</strong>, 667 1.1 christos suggestions to make, criticisms to offer, or bugs to report, use the 668 1.1 christos groff mailing list at 669 1.1 christos <a href="mailto:groff (a] ffii.org">groff (a] ffii.org</a> 670 1.1 christos (subscription information available 671 1.1 christos <a href="http://ffii.org/mailman/listinfo/groff/">here</a>) 672 1.1 christos or contact me, Peter Schaffter, directly at 673 1.1 christos <i>peter@faustus.dyn.ca</i> 674 1.1 christos or 675 1.1 christos <i>ptpi@golden.net</i>. 676 1.1 christos 677 1.1 christos <p> 678 1.1 christos Please include the word "mom" or "groff" in the 679 1.1 christos Subject: line of any message sent to my personal address, or you 680 1.1 christos risk the wrath of my implacable spam filters. :) 681 1.1 christos <p> 682 1.1 christos If you want to visit <strong>mom</strong>'s homepage, you'll find 683 1.1 christos it 684 1.1 christos <a href="http://faustus.dyn.ca/mom/mom.html">here</a>. 685 1.1 christos <p> 686 1.1 christos <hr> 687 1.1 christos <a href="reserved.html#TOP">Next</a> 688 1.1 christos <a href="macrolist.html#TOP">Prev</a> 689 1.1 christos <a href="#TOP">Top</a> 690 1.1 christos <a href="toc.html">Back to Table of Contents</a> 691 1.1 christos </body> 692 1.1 christos </html> 693
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