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     14 <p>
     15 
     16 <a name="TOP"></a>
     17 <a name="APPENDICES">
     18 	<h2 align="center"><u>APPENDICES</u></h2>
     19 </a>
     20 
     21 <ul>
     22 	<li><a href="#MOREDOC">Further notes on this documentation</a>
     23 	<li><a href="#FONTS">Adding PostScript fonts to groff</a>
     24 	<ul>
     25 		<li><a href="#HOWTO">How to create a PostScript font for use with groff</a>
     26 	</ul>
     27 	<li><a href="#CODENOTES">Some reflections on mom, with an apology</a>
     28 	<li><a href="#CONTACT">Contact the author</a>
     29 	<li><a href="reserved.html">List of reserved words</a>
     30 </ul>
     31 
     32 <a name="MOREDOC">
     33     <h2><u>Further notes on this documentation</u></h2>
     34 </a>
     35 
     36 Some <strong>mom</strong> users are sure to ask: &quot;Why is this
     37 documentation in html?  If <strong>mom</strong>'s so great, why not
     38 typeset the whole thing to show her off?  And if groff's so great,
     39 why not write a man page?&quot;
     40 <p>
     41 Valid questions, to be sure, and <strong>mom</strong> has
     42 answers.  (Okay -- I have answers, but I speak for
     43 <strong>mom</strong>.)
     44 <p>
     45 The documentation is in html because I still find it the best tool
     46 for navigating lengthy manuals.  Html, with its anchors and links,
     47 came into being precisely so people could do something they'd never
     48 been able to with the printed word: instantly track down internal
     49 and external references in a document.
     50 <p>
     51 To me, it's essential that people reading <strong>mom</strong>'s
     52 documentation never have difficulty finding precisely the macro
     53 they need for a particular task.  Equally, when reading up on
     54 a macro, they should never be presented with terms or other
     55 macro names for which they cannot instantly find accurate explanations.
     56 Short of having written the documentation in TeX for the info browser
     57 (and TeX bloat is one of the reasons I prefer to typeset with groff),
     58 I can think of no better way to achieve the kind of truly useful
     59 documentation I wanted than html.
     60 <p>
     61 Another reason for html is that working with <strong>mom</strong>
     62 necessarily involves creating files inside a text editor.  I use
     63 elvis, a truly fabulous vi clone that does a terrific job of rendering
     64 basic (text only) html.  I may have written <strong>mom</strong>,
     65 but I still regularly call on her documentation.  Elvis, with its
     66 html capabilities, lets me write and format <strong>mom</strong>
     67 documents AND peruse her documentation, clicking on links as
     68 necessary, without ever leaving the comfy confines of my
     69 text editor.
     70 <p>
     71 Not everyone, of course, uses an editor with html capabilities.
     72 For them, firing up a browser is obviously necessary for reading
     73 <strong>mom</strong>'s documentation.  Browsers being what they are,
     74 and not everyone on the globe having the cash for muscle machines
     75 to run Galeon, or Konqueror or Mozilla, their browser
     76 needs to be fast and light--and probably &quot;text-only&quot;.
     77 <p>
     78 Some <strong>mom</strong> users may notice the absence of graphics,
     79 frames, and (for the most part) tables in this documentation.  The
     80 reason is simple: text-only browsers.  People who, for whatever
     81 reason (choice or necessity), use lynx, or links or w3m to read
     82 the documentation must be able to make sense of it.  All of it.
     83 Graphical examples of <strong>mom</strong> in action might have made
     84 some parts of the documentation easier to write, but would have
     85 excluded text-only browser users.  And it goes without saying that
     86 the documentation looks fine if you're reading it in a graphical
     87 browser.
     88 <br>
     89 <hr>
     90 
     91 <!=====================================================================>
     92 
     93 <a name="FONTS">
     94     <h2><u>Adding PostScript fonts to groff</u></h2>
     95 </a>
     96 
     97 <a name="SMALL_NOTE"></a>
     98 <em><strong>Small note:</strong> the term &lt;prefix&gt; in this
     99 section refers to the directory in which groff is installed,
    100 typically something like /usr/share/groff/&lt;version#&gt;
    101 (for distro-specific, pre-compiled groff packages) or
    102 /usr/local/share/groff/&lt;version#&gt; (if you've built groff
    103 from source).</em>
    104 <p>
    105 Groff comes with a small library of PostScript
    106 <a href="definitions.html#TERMS_FAMILY">families</a>
    107 (see the
    108 <a href="typesetting.html#FAMILY">FAMILY</a>
    109 macro for a list).  The families have four
    110 <a href="definitions.html#TERMS_FONT">fonts</a>
    111 associated with them.  These fonts are a combination of
    112 <a href="definitions.html#TERMS_WEIGHT">weight</a>
    113 and
    114 <a href="definitions.html#TERMS_SHAPE">shape</a>:
    115 <br>
    116 <ul>
    117 	<li><strong>R</strong> (Roman, usually Medium weight),
    118 	<li><strong>I</strong> (Italic, usually Medium weight),
    119 	<li><strong>B</strong> (Bold, usually Roman shape) and
    120 	<li><strong>BI</strong> (Bold Italic).
    121 </ul>
    122 <p>
    123 If you do a lot of document processing or typesetting with
    124 <strong>mom</strong>, you'll find, sooner or later, that these
    125 families and their associated fonts aren't sufficient.  You'll want
    126 to supplement them, either with more fonts for the families already
    127 provided--"Damn!  I need Helvetica Bold Condensed Italic!"--or with
    128 entire new families.
    129 <p>
    130 Without going into the gory details (yet), while it's true that
    131 adding fonts to groff is a relatively straightforward
    132 process, extending existing families or adding new ones requires
    133 some planning.
    134 <p>
    135 The traditional approach to extending groff families has been
    136 to create new families for non-default weights and
    137 shapes (e.g.  Light, which is a weight; Condensed, which is a
    138 shape), then to associate them with groff's predefined <strong>R,
    139 I, B</strong> and <strong>BI</strong> font styles.  An example
    140 of this can be seen in the groff PostScript font library itself
    141 (&lt;prefix&gt;/font/devps/): there's one &quot;family&quot; for
    142 Helvetica (HR, HI, HB, HBI) and another for Helvetica Narrow (HNR,
    143 HNI, HNB, HNBI).
    144 <p>
    145 The difficulty with this approach is that typographers
    146 tend to think of &quot;families&quot; as referring to the
    147 entire set of font weights and shapes associated with a
    148 particular family name.  For example, when a typesetter says
    149 &quot;the Helvetica family&quot;, s/he is including the <a
    150 href="definitions.html#TERMS_WEIGHT">weights</a> Helvetica Thin,
    151 Helvetic Light, Helvetica Regular, Helvetica Bold, Helvetica Heavy,
    152 etc, and all their associated
    153 <a href="definitions.html#TERMS_SHAPE">shapes</a>
    154 (Roman,
    155 Italic, Condensed, Narrow, Extended, Outline, etc).
    156 <p>
    157 Thus, intuitively, when a typesetter gives <strong>mom</strong> a
    158 <kbd>.FAM(ILY)</kbd> directive, s/he reasonably expects that any
    159 subsequent <kbd>.FT</kbd> directive will access the desired font
    160 from the Helvetica family--without the need to state explicitly both
    161 family and font to <kbd>.FT</kbd>, as it is explained one can do in
    162 the
    163 <a href="typesetting.html#FAMILY">FAMILY</a>
    164 and
    165 <a href="typesetting.html#FONT">FT</a>
    166 sections of these documents.
    167 <p>
    168 If one had, say, the fonts, Helvetica Light Roman
    169 and Helvetica Light Italic as well as Helvetica Light Condensed
    170 Roman and Helvetica Light Condensed Italic, the traditional
    171 approach would require two &quot;partial&quot; families: HLR/HLI and
    172 HLCDR/HLCDI.  Accessing these family/font combos
    173 routinely throughout a document would then require
    174 changing family (with <kbd>.FAM(ILY)</kbd>) and selecting the
    175 desired font (with <kbd>.FT R</kbd> or <kbd>.FT I</kbd>), or
    176 passing <kbd>.FT</kbd> the lengthy family+fontname (.e.g. <kbd>.FT
    177 HLCDI</kbd>).
    178 <p>
    179 Fortunately, groff provides a mechanism whereby it's possible to
    180 extend the basic <strong>R, I, B</strong> and <strong>BI</strong>
    181 fonts (&quot;styles&quot; in groff-speak) so that one can, in
    182 fact, create extensive type families, and access all the fonts
    183 in them with <kbd>.ft</kbd> (groff) or <kbd>.FT</kbd> (mom).
    184 <p>
    185 <strong>mom</strong> uses this mechanism to offer, in addition to
    186 groff's default PostScript font styles, the following:
    187 <p>
    188 <a name="STYLE_EXTENSIONS"></a>
    189 <pre>
    190 Mom's extensions to groff's basic font styles
    191 =============================================
    192 
    193 	L      =  Light Roman
    194 	LI     =  Light Italic
    195 	LCD    =  Light Condensed Roman
    196 	LCDI   =  Light Condensed Italic
    197 	LEX    =  Light Extended Roman
    198 	LEXI   =  Light Extended Italic
    199 	CD     =  Medium/Book Condensed Roman
    200 	CDI    =  Medium/Book Condensed Italic
    201 	EX     =  Medium/Book Extended Roman
    202 	EXI    =  Medium/Book Extended Italic
    203 	DB     =  DemiBold Roman
    204 	DBI    =  DemiBold Italic
    205 	BCD    =  Bold Condensed Roman
    206 	BCDI   =  Bold Condensed Italic
    207 	BEX    =  Bold Extended Roman
    208 	BEXI   =  Bold Extended Italic
    209 	HV     =  Heavy Roman
    210 	HVI    =  Heavy Italic
    211 	HVCD   =  Heavy Condensed Roman
    212 	HVCDI  =  Heavy Condensed Italic
    213 	HVEX   =  Heavy Extended Roman
    214 	HVEXI  =  Heavy Extended Italic
    215 	BL     =  Black Roman
    216 	BLI    =  Black Italic
    217 	BLCD   =  Black Condensed Roman
    218 	BLCDI  =  Black Condensed Italic
    219 	BLEX   =  Black Extended Roman
    220 	BLEXI  =  Black Extended Italic
    221 	UBL    =  Ultra-Black Roman
    222 	UBLI   =  Ultra-Black Italic
    223 </pre>
    224 
    225 Thus, with <strong>mom</strong>, if you've installed, say, some
    226 extra Helvetica fonts and named them according to the convention FS
    227 (where &quot;F&quot; means family and &quot;S&quot; means font
    228 style), once having entered
    229 <p>
    230 <pre>
    231 	.FAMILY H
    232 	  or
    233 	.FAM H
    234 </pre>
    235 
    236 you can access any of those Helvetica fonts simply by
    237 passing the correct argument from the list above to
    238 <a href="typesetting.html#FONT">FT</a>.
    239 <p>
    240 For example, if you were working in Medium Roman (<kbd>.FT R</kbd>)
    241 and you needed Medium Condensed Italic for a while (assuming it's
    242 installed), you'd just type
    243 <p>
    244 <pre>
    245 	.FT CDI
    246 </pre>
    247 
    248 to access the Medium Condensed Italic font from the Helvetica
    249 family.
    250 <p>
    251 <strong>Mom</strong>'s list of font styles doesn't pretend to
    252 be exhaustive, but rather tries to cover the basic weight/shape
    253 combinations likely to be found in any reasonably complete type
    254 family.
    255 <p>
    256 The actual extension names are arbitrary and can be used in a
    257 flexible manner.  For example, if you create a family that has a
    258 DemiBold font (DB) but no Bold font (B), you might find it more
    259 convenient to give the DemiBold font the extension &quot;B&quot;.
    260 Equally, if the family has an ExtraBold font, you might find it more
    261 convenient to use the extension &quot;HV&quot; (Heavy).
    262 <a name="REGISTER_STYLE"></a>
    263 <p>
    264 However, you may, at needs, want to add to <strong>mom</strong>'s
    265 list of font styles.  You can do this by editing the file, om.tmac.
    266 Near the top, you'll see lines of the form
    267 <p>
    268 <pre>
    269 	.sty \n[.fp] L       \" Light Roman
    270 	.sty \n[.fp] LI      \" Light Italic
    271 	.sty \n[.fp] LCD     \" Light Condensed Roman
    272 </pre>
    273 
    274 Simply add your new font style by imitating what you see and
    275 plugging in your new font style (having, of course, first created the
    276 font, correctly named, in groff's PostScript font directory; see
    277 <a href="#HOWTO">How to create a PostScript font for use with groff</a>).
    278 <p>
    279 For example, if you already have some fonts from the Univers
    280 family installed and have called the family UN, you might decide at
    281 some point to add the Bold Outline font (UNBO).  In which case,
    282 you'd add
    283 <p>
    284 <pre>
    285 	.sty \n[.fp] BO      \" Bold Outline
    286 </pre>
    287 
    288 to the <kbd>.sty \n[.fp] &lt;font style&gt;</kbd> list in om.tmac.
    289 <p>
    290 Be careful, though, that any styles you add do not conflict
    291 with <strong><u>family</u></strong> names that already exist.
    292 &quot;C&quot;, for example, conflicts with the Courier family
    293 (CR, CI, CB, CI).  Were you to create a font style &quot;C&quot;,
    294 thinking that <kbd>.FT C</kbd> would give you access to font style
    295 once you'd given a <kbd>.FAM(ILY)</kbd> directive, you'd get a nasty
    296 surprise: your type would come out in Courier Roman!
    297 <p>
    298 <strong>VERY IMPORTANT NOTE: mom</strong>'s font extensions are
    299 not &quot;user-space&quot; controllable via a macro.  If you've
    300 been using groff for a long time, and have already rolled your own
    301 solution to adding PostScript families, fonts, weights, shapes, etc. to
    302 groff, you may find that <strong>mom</strong>'s font extensions
    303 conflict with your own scheme.  Should that be the case, comment out
    304 the <kbd>.sty \n[.fp] &lt;font style&gt;</kbd> lines found near the
    305 top of the om.tmac file.
    306 
    307 <a name="HOWTO"><h3><u>How to create a PostScript font for use with groff</u></h3></a>
    308 These instructions aren't meant to cover all possibilities, merely
    309 to present one way of making PostScript families/fonts available to
    310 groff and <strong>mom</strong>.
    311 <p>
    312 GNU/Linux distributions being what they are, directory locations may
    313 differ and the presence of some executables can't be guaranteed.
    314 I run a Debian system.  The instructions reflect that.  Users of
    315 other distros will have to interpret them according to the way their
    316 distro operates.
    317 <p>
    318 What you need before you start:
    319 <br>
    320 <ul>
    321 	<li>groff, version 1.18 or higher
    322 		<br>
    323 		(Debian package: groff)
    324 	<li>a full installation of gs and associated tools
    325 		<br>
    326 		(Debian package: gs or gs-gpl)
    327 	<li>a library of gs fonts
    328 		<br>
    329 		(Debian package: gsfonts)
    330 	<li>a utility for converting TrueType fonts to Type1 fonts
    331 		<br>
    332 		(Debian package: ttf2pt1)
    333 	<li>a font manager
    334 		<br>
    335 		(Debian packages: defoma, psfontmgr, dfontmgr)
    336 	<li>perl
    337 		<br>
    338 		(Debian package: perl)
    339 </ul>
    340 <br>
    341 A reasonably complete installation of any major GNU/Linux distro
    342 should already have these on your system, except perhaps for the
    343 utility to convert TrueType fonts to Type1 fonts.
    344 <p>
    345 Initial preparation (you only have to do this once):
    346 <br>
    347 <ol>
    348 	<li>If you don't already have one, create a directory in your
    349 		home directory to hold new fonts.  Any directory name will do.
    350 		I use ~/Fonts, with subdirectories for Type1, TrueType and Groff
    351 		fonts.
    352 <a name="SITE-FONT"></a>
    353 	<li>Locate the groff directory, site-font.  The exact location is
    354 		difficult to predict, owing to differences between distros
    355 		and whether you're using a pre-packaged groff or have built
    356 		it from source.  Some typical locations are
    357 		<br>
    358 		<ul>
    359 			<li>/usr/share/groff,
    360 			<li>/usr/local/share/groff
    361 			<li>/etc/groff
    362 		</ul>
    363 		<p>
    364 		If you can't find the site-font directory, locate
    365 		groff's site-tmac directory, and, as root, create site-font
    366 		in the same directory as the one that holds site-tmac.
    367 		E.g., if you find site-tmac in /usr/share/groff, create
    368 		site-font in /usr/share/groff.
    369 	<li>Locate the file <kbd>&lt;prefix&gt;/font/devps/generate/textmap</kbd>
    370         and symlink it to <kbd>textmap</kbd> in the directory that
    371         contains your personal collection of PostScript fonts.  (See the
    372 		<a href="#SMALL_NOTE">Small Note</a>,
    373 		above, for the meaning of &lt;prefix&gt;).  On my system,
    374 		at the time of writing, &lt;prefix&gt; is
    375 		/usr/local/share/groff/1.19.2/, therefore, I symlink it in
    376 		~/Fonts/Type1 with
    377 		<br>
    378 		<pre>
    379 ln -s /usr/local/share/groff/1.19.2/font/devps/generate/textmap textmap
    380 		</pre>
    381 	<li>Locate the file &lt;prefix&gt;/font/devps/text.enc and
    382 		symlink it to <kbd>text.enc</kbd> in your personal font
    383 		directory.  On my system, in ~/Fonts/Type1
    384 		<pre>
    385 ln -s /usr/local/share/groff/1.19.2/font/devps/text.enc text.enc
    386 		</pre>
    387 	<li>Make sure you know which directory/ies holds your gs fonts.
    388 		You'll need the information later.  On a Debian box, some
    389 		typical locations are
    390 		<br>
    391 		<ul>
    392 			<li>/usr/lib/ghostscript/fonts
    393 			<li>/usr/share/ghostscript/fonts
    394 			<li>/usr/share/fonts/type1/gsfonts
    395 		</ul>
    396 </ol>
    397 <br>
    398 Font creation/installation:
    399 <br>
    400 <ol>
    401 	<li>Acquire the font in either Type1 (.pfb) or TrueType
    402 		(.ttf) format.
    403 	<li>Place the font in your personal font directory; for me,
    404 		that's ~/Fonts/Type1 or ~/Fonts/TrueType.
    405 	<li>In your personal font directory, run one of the following:
    406 		<br>
    407 		<ul>
    408 			<li>For Type1 fonts
    409 			<br>
    410 			<ul>
    411 				<li><kbd>getafm fontfilename.pfb | gsnd - > fontfilename.afm</kbd>
    412 					<br>
    413 					For Type1 fonts, this will generate something called
    414 					an .afm (Adobe Font Metrics) file, which is
    415 					required to create PostScript fonts for groff.
    416 			</ul>
    417 			<li>For TrueType fonts
    418 			<br>
    419 			<ul>
    420 				<li><kbd>ttf2pt1 \-b fontfilename.ttf</kbd>
    421 				<br>
    422 				For TrueType fonts, this will generate a PostScript
    423 				.pfb file as well as an .afm file.
    424 			</ul>
    425 		</ul>
    426 	<li>Still in your personal font directory, run
    427 		<br>
    428 		<ul>
    429 			<li><kbd>afmtodit -e text.enc fontfilename.afm textmap GROFF_FONTNAME</kbd>
    430 		</ul>
    431 		<p>
    432 		Q: <em>How do I choose a GROFF_FONTNAME?</em>
    433 		<p>
    434 		A: Start by considering the
    435 		<a href="definitions.html#TERMS_FAMILY">family</a>
    436 		to which the font belongs.  If you're adding to a family that
    437 		already exists in groff's &lt;prefix&gt;/font/devps
    438 		directory, that will be the first part of the font name.
    439 		(See
    440 		<a href="typesetting.html#FAMILY">here</a>
    441 		for a list of families already installed, along with their groff
    442 		names.)  Add to that name the appropriate weight/style extension,
    443 		listed
    444 		<a href="#STYLE_EXTENSIONS">here</a>.
    445 		<p>
    446 		For example, if you're adding Helvetica Light Roman, your
    447 		GROFF_FONTNAME would be <strong>HL</strong>.  If you're
    448 		adding Helvetica Light Italic, your GROFF_FONTNAME would be
    449 		<strong>HLI</strong>.
    450 		<p>
    451 		If you're adding a font not already in groff's PostScript
    452 		families, first choose a meaningful name for the
    453 		<a name="definitions.html#TERMS_FAMILY">family</a>
    454 		to which the font belongs.  The name can be anything you like.  If,
    455 		for example, the family is Garamond, you could choose GARAMOND,
    456 		GARA, GD, or even just plain G as the family name.  Then tack on the
    457 		appropriate style/weight extension.  Thus, if you were installing
    458 		Garamond Bold Condensed Italic and had chosen <strong>GD</strong>
    459 		as the family name for Garamond, your GROFF_FONTNAME would be
    460 		<strong>GDBCDI</strong>.
    461 		<p>
    462 		In <strong>mom</strong>, you can then access the Garamond
    463 		family with <kbd>.FAM GD</kbd>, and the Bold Condensed
    464 		Italic font wth <kbd>.FT BCDI</kbd>.
    465 		<p>
    466 		<strong>Note:</strong> The family name need not be in upper
    467 		case, and there's no limit to the length of the name.
    468 		&quot;Garamond&quot;, for example, could be the name you
    469 		give the Garamond family.  In fact, you might find it
    470 		preferable, since a) you wouldn't have to remember how
    471 		you'd named the family, and b) should you be scanning
    472 		your
    473 		<a href="#SITE-FONT">site-font directory</a>,
    474 		something like GaramondBCDI will be more meaningful than,
    475 		say, GDBCDI. 
    476 	<li>Copy or move GROFF_FONTNAME to your
    477 		<a href="#SITE-FONT">site-font directory</a>,
    478 		or change to the site-font directory and make a symlink to
    479 		GROFF_FONTNAME in your personal directory.
    480 	<li>Copy or move the .pfb file to the directory that
    481 		holds your gs fonts, or change to that directory and make a
    482 		symlink to the .pfb file in your personal directory.
    483 	<li>Do whatever your system or distro requires in order to
    484 		register the new PostScript font (the .pfb file).  On a
    485 		Debian system, as root, you can run dfontmgr for a
    486 		graphical interface that will take care of registering the
    487 		font.
    488 </ol>
    489 <p>
    490 Written out in full, adding fonts looks like a lot of work.  It
    491 isn't.  Basically, it's just:
    492 <br>
    493 <ul>
    494 	<li>acquire the font
    495 	<li>generate an .afm file for the font
    496 	<li>create the groff font
    497 	<li>put the groff font in &lt;prefix&gt;/font/devps
    498 	<li>make sure gs knows about the font
    499 </ul>
    500 <br>
    501 After you've done it a couple of times, it all makes sense, and is
    502 really quite easy.  Not to mention that once you understand the
    503 process, you can write a bash script to automate the process.
    504 Here's an example, which you can adapt to your own needs.  The
    505 script requires an argument (the .pfb filename), then prompts for
    506 the GROFF_FONTNAME.
    507 <p>
    508 <pre>
    509 #! /bin/bash
    510 
    511 # A script for installing Type1 fonts.
    512 #
    513 # Builds .afm files from .pfb files, generates a groff font from the
    514 # .afm file, makes a symlink in /usr/lib/ghostscript/font/ to the
    515 # .pfb file, and a symlink in site-font to the groff font
    516 
    517 # .pfb filename, stripped of .pfb extension
    518 FONT=`basename $1 .pfb`
    519 
    520 # Directory holding my personal collection of type1 fonts
    521 FONTDIR="$HOME/Fonts/Type1"
    522 
    523 # Directory holding system ghostscript fonts
    524 GS_FONTDIR="/usr/lib/ghostscript/fonts"
    525 
    526 # Location of site-font/devps
    527 GROFF_SITE_FONTDIR="/usr/local/share/groff/site-font/devps"
    528 
    529 # Personal groff fonts directory
    530 GROFF_FONTS="$HOME/Fonts/Groff"
    531 
    532 # Symlinks to textmap and text.enc
    533 TEXTMAP="$FONTDIR/textmap"
    534 TEXTENC="$FONTDIR/text.enc"
    535 
    536 if [ ! `pwd` = "$FONTDIR" ] ; then
    537     echo "Changing into $FONTDIR directory.."
    538     cd $FONTDIR
    539     sleep 1
    540 else
    541 	sleep 1
    542 fi
    543 
    544 echo -n "Groff name for this font: "
    545 read FONTNAME
    546 sleep 1
    547 
    548 echo "Getting .afm.."
    549 getafm $FONT.pfb | gsnd - > $FONT.afm
    550 sleep 1
    551 
    552 echo "Creating $FONTNAME.."
    553 afmtodit -e $TEXTENC $FONTDIR/$FONT.afm $TEXTMAP $FONTNAME
    554 mv -i $FONTNAME $GROFF_FONTS
    555 sudo ln -s $GROFF_FONTS/$FONTNAME $GROFF_SITE_FONTDIR/$FONTNAME
    556 sleep 1
    557 
    558 echo "Linking $FONT in $GS_FONTDIR.."
    559 cd $GS_FONTDIR
    560 sudo ln -s $FONTDIR/$FONT.afm $FONT.afm
    561 sudo ln -s $FONTDIR/$FONT.pfb $FONT.pfb
    562 sleep 1
    563 
    564 # This next bit is Debian specific.  If you're not running a
    565 # Debian system, replace it with whatever your distro requires
    566 # in order to register Type1 fonts.
    567 
    568 if [ !`pidof -x /usr/bin/dfontmgr` ] ; then
    569     echo "I will now run dfontmgr so you can register the font."
    570     exec sudo dfontmgr &
    571 else
    572     echo "You may now register the font with dfontmgr."
    573 fi
    574 </pre>
    575 <hr>
    576 
    577 <!=====================================================================>
    578 
    579 <a name="CODENOTES">
    580 	<h2><u>Some reflections on mom</u></h2>
    581 </a>
    582 
    583 <p>
    584 <strong>Mom</strong>, as a complete macro set, had her origins
    585 in a &quot;library&quot; of groff routines I wrote over the
    586 years to handle various aspects of typesetting and document
    587 processing that weren't adequately covered by ms, me, mm, and so
    588 on.  Typically, I'd use the library to cobble together macro
    589 sets for new challenges as they came my way.
    590 <p>
    591 If, as Eric Raymond asserts, open source begins with a programmer
    592 scratching a personal itch, then <strong>mom</strong> can truly be
    593 called open source, even if, a mere humble set of macros standing on
    594 the shoulders of a giant named troff, she isn't programming at all.
    595 <p>
    596 As a writer living in a perpetual state of penury, all the computers
    597 I've ever owned have been hand-me-downs -- several generations
    598 out-of-date and &quot;resource challenged&quot;.  Disk space has
    599 always been an issue, as has processor speed and available RAM.
    600 One of the reasons I run GNU/Linux is that it has helped enormously
    601 to get the most out of my poor little boxes.  (It has been pointed
    602 out to me that NetBSD might be an even better choice of operating
    603 systems for computers with limited resources.)
    604 <p>
    605 In Linux-land, the choice of typesetting systems basically comes down
    606 to groff or TeX.  Both are wonderful -- monumental achievements if you
    607 ask me -- and both have their own particular strengths.  However, for
    608 people in my financial position (and there are millions of us around
    609 the globe, in both developed and developing countries), TeX and groff
    610 have one big difference: size.  TeX is huge.  Even its most ardent
    611 supporters agree it suffers from bloat, on top of being complex and
    612 unwieldy to manage.  Groff is tiny by comparison, occupying minimal
    613 disk space and having only a small memory footprint while at the same
    614 time being flexible and powerful, typographically speaking.  I've run
    615 it successfully on a 386 with 8 megs of RAM and a 250 meg hard disk.
    616 <p>
    617 However, groff has always had a liability: it's incredibly geeky.
    618 Owing to its very long history, it -- and its &quot;power users&quot;
    619 -- have remained stuck in a time warp.  Most common macro packages
    620 still look as they did in those decades when memory was exorbitantly
    621 expensive and every byte mattered.  Documentation -- not always
    622 easy to find -- is written as if all readers are computer whizzes,
    623 or at least have a university degree in one of the higher sciences.
    624 <p>
    625 By no means a stupid man, nor unfamiliar with the precepts of
    626 programming, I've more than once torn my hair out over the terseness and
    627 ambiguity of groff's documentation.  Making sense of certain primitives
    628 has often involved days of testing, interpreting the documentation
    629 instead of just using the primitive.
    630 <p>
    631 (ADDENDUM to the previous two paragraphs:  A tremendous amount of
    632 effort has gone into creating a groff manual that can be read with
    633 "info," as well as creating truly useful man pages.  The info
    634 manual is clear and well-written, so my comments are actually out
    635 of date.  I leave them in for the benefit of groff newbies, who may
    636 still find the documents a bit intimidating.)
    637 <p>
    638 For some time now, groff users and macro writers have had the
    639 option to use &quot;long&quot; names, yet have mostly chosen not to.
    640 With long names, it's possible to create macro sets that are humanly
    641 readable and easy to interpret, encouraging development and evolution.
    642 What's more, the macros themselves need not be terse, intimidating,
    643 and easily forgotten 1- or 2-letter commands inserted in the body
    644 of a document.  They can be sensible and helpful to everyone, groff
    645 newbies and old hands alike.
    646 <p>
    647 <strong>Mom</strong>'s macro file, om.tmac, uses long names, aliases,
    648 and a host of other groff goodies that have become part of the
    649 whole groff picture under the unflagging guidance of groff's current
    650 maintainer, Werner Lemberg.  Nearly every macro, number register and
    651 string is &quot;recognizable&quot; simply by its name.  The file is
    652 heavily commented.  A consistent, if idiosyncratic, indenting style
    653 is used as well, significantly improving readability.  Anyone
    654 wanting to futz around with <strong>mom</strong>'s macros should be
    655 able to do so with a minimum of head scratching.
    656 <br>
    657 <hr>
    658 
    659 <!=====================================================================>
    660 
    661 <a name="CONTACT">
    662 	<h2><u>Contact the author</u></h2>
    663 </a>
    664 
    665 <p>
    666 If you have any questions or comments about <strong>mom</strong>,
    667 suggestions to make, criticisms to offer, or bugs to report, use the
    668 groff mailing list at
    669 <a href="mailto:groff (a] ffii.org">groff (a] ffii.org</a>
    670 (subscription information available
    671 <a href="http://ffii.org/mailman/listinfo/groff/">here</a>)
    672 or contact me, Peter Schaffter,  directly at
    673 <i>&#112;&#101;&#116;&#101;&#114;&#64;&#102;&#97;&#117;&#115;&#116;&#117;&#115;&#46;&#100;&#121;&#110;&#46;&#99;&#97;</i>
    674 or
    675 <i>&#112;&#116;&#112;&#105;&#64;&#103;&#111;&#108;&#100;&#101;&#110;&#46;&#110;&#101;&#116;</i>.
    676 
    677 <p>
    678 Please include the word &quot;mom&quot; or &quot;groff&quot; in the
    679 Subject: line of any message sent to my personal address, or you
    680 risk the wrath of my implacable spam filters. :)
    681 <p>
    682 If you want to visit <strong>mom</strong>'s homepage, you'll find
    683 it
    684 <a href="http://faustus.dyn.ca/mom/mom.html">here</a>.
    685 <p>
    686 <hr>
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