1 <section xmlns="http://docbook.org/ns/docbook" version="5.0" 2 xml:id="appendix.porting.api" xreflabel="api"> 3 <?dbhtml filename="api.html"?> 4 5 <info><title>API Evolution and Deprecation History</title> 6 <keywordset> 7 <keyword>ISO C++</keyword> 8 <keyword>api</keyword> 9 <keyword>evolution</keyword> 10 <keyword>deprecation</keyword> 11 <keyword>history</keyword> 12 </keywordset> 13 </info> 14 15 16 <para> 17 A list of user-visible changes, in chronological order 18 </para> 19 20 <section xml:id="api.rel_300"><info><title><constant>3.0</constant></title></info> 21 22 23 <para> 24 Extensions moved to <filename class="directory">include/ext</filename>. 25 </para> 26 27 <para> 28 Include files from the SGI/HP sources that pre-date the ISO standard 29 are added. These files are placed into 30 the <filename class="directory">include/backward</filename> directory and a deprecated warning 31 is added that notifies on inclusion (<literal>-Wno-deprecated</literal> 32 deactivates the warning.) 33 </para> 34 35 <para>Deprecated include <filename class="headerfile"><backward/strstream></filename> added.</para> 36 37 <para>Removal of include <filename class="headerfile"><builtinbuf.h></filename>, <filename class="headerfile"><indstream.h></filename>, <filename class="headerfile"><parsestream.h></filename>, <filename class="headerfile"><PlotFile.h></filename>, <filename class="headerfile"><SFile.h></filename>, <filename class="headerfile"><stdiostream.h></filename>, and <filename class="headerfile"><stream.h></filename>. 38 </para> 39 40 41 42 </section> 43 44 <section xml:id="api.rel_310"><info><title><constant>3.1</constant></title></info> 45 46 <para> 47 </para> 48 49 <para> 50 Extensions from SGI/HP moved from <code>namespace std</code> 51 to <code>namespace __gnu_cxx</code>. As part of this, the following 52 new includes are 53 added: <filename class="headerfile"><ext/algorithm></filename>, <filename class="headerfile"><ext/functional></filename>, <filename class="headerfile"><ext/iterator></filename>, <filename class="headerfile"><ext/memory></filename>, and <filename class="headerfile"><ext/numeric></filename>. 54 </para> 55 56 <para> 57 Extensions to <code>basic_filebuf</code> introduced: <code>__gnu_cxx::enc_filebuf</code>, and <code>__gnu_cxx::stdio_filebuf</code>. 58 </para> 59 60 <para> 61 Extensions to tree data structures added in <filename class="headerfile"><ext/rb_tree></filename>. 62 </para> 63 64 <para> 65 Removal of <filename class="headerfile"><ext/tree></filename>, moved to <filename class="headerfile"><backward/tree.h></filename>. 66 </para> 67 68 </section> 69 70 <section xml:id="api.rel_320"><info><title><constant>3.2</constant></title></info> 71 72 <para> 73 </para> 74 <para>Symbol versioning introduced for shared library.</para> 75 76 <para>Removal of include <filename class="headerfile"><backward/strstream.h></filename>.</para> 77 78 <para>Allocator changes. Change <code>__malloc_alloc</code> to <code>malloc_allocator</code> and <code>__new_alloc</code> to <code>new_allocator</code>. </para> 79 80 <para> For GCC releases from 2.95 through the 3.1 series, defining 81 <literal>__USE_MALLOC</literal> on the gcc command line would change the 82 default allocation strategy to instead use <code>malloc</code> and 83 <code>free</code>. For the 3.2 and 3.3 release series the same 84 functionality was spelled <literal>_GLIBCXX_FORCE_NEW</literal>. From 85 GCC 3.4 onwards the default allocator uses <code>new</code> anyway, 86 but for the optional pooling allocators the functionality is enabled by 87 setting <literal>GLIBCXX_FORCE_NEW</literal> in the environment, see 88 <link linkend="manual.ext.allocator.mt">the mt allocator chapter</link> 89 for details. 90 </para> 91 92 93 <para>Error handling in iostreams cleaned up, made consistent. </para> 94 95 96 </section> 97 98 <section xml:id="api.rel_330"><info><title><constant>3.3</constant></title></info> 99 100 <para> 101 </para> 102 </section> 103 104 <section xml:id="api.rel_340"><info><title><constant>3.4</constant></title></info> 105 106 <para> 107 </para> 108 <para> 109 Large file support. 110 </para> 111 112 <para> Extensions for generic characters and <code>char_traits</code> added in <filename class="headerfile"><ext/pod_char_traits.h></filename>. 113 </para> 114 115 <para> 116 Support for <code>wchar_t</code> specializations of <code>basic_filebuf</code> enhanced to support <code>UTF-8</code> and <code>Unicode</code>, depending on host. More hosts support basic <code>wchar_t</code> functionality. 117 </para> 118 119 <para> 120 Support for <code>char_traits</code> beyond builtin types. 121 </para> 122 123 <para> 124 Conformant <code>allocator</code> class and usage in containers. As 125 part of this, the following extensions are 126 added: <filename class="headerfile"><ext/bitmap_allocator.h></filename>, <filename class="headerfile"><ext/debug_allocator.h></filename>, <filename class="headerfile"><ext/mt_allocator.h></filename>, <filename class="headerfile"><ext/malloc_allocator.h></filename>,<filename class="headerfile"><ext/new_allocator.h></filename>, <filename class="headerfile"><ext/pool_allocator.h></filename>. 127 </para> 128 129 <para> 130 This is a change from all previous versions, and may require 131 source-level changes due to allocator-related changes to structures 132 names and template parameters, filenames, and file locations. Some, 133 like <code>__simple_alloc, __allocator, __alloc, </code> and <code> 134 _Alloc_traits</code> have been removed. 135 </para> 136 137 <para>Default behavior of <code>std::allocator</code> has changed.</para> 138 139 <para> 140 Previous versions prior to 3.4 cache allocations in a memory 141 pool, instead of passing through to call the global allocation 142 operators (i.e., <classname>__gnu_cxx::pool_allocator</classname>). More 143 recent versions default to the 144 simpler <classname>__gnu_cxx::new_allocator</classname>. 145 </para> 146 147 <para> Previously, all allocators were written to the SGI 148 style, and all STL containers expected this interface. This 149 interface had a traits class called <code>_Alloc_traits</code> that 150 attempted to provide more information for compile-time allocation 151 selection and optimization. This traits class had another allocator 152 wrapper, <code>__simple_alloc<T,A></code>, which was a 153 wrapper around another allocator, A, which itself is an allocator 154 for instances of T. But wait, there's more: 155 <code>__allocator<T,A></code> is another adapter. Many of 156 the provided allocator classes were SGI style: such classes can be 157 changed to a conforming interface with this wrapper: 158 <code>__allocator<T, __alloc></code> is thus the same as 159 <code>allocator<T></code>. 160 </para> 161 162 <para> The class <classname>allocator</classname> used the typedef 163 <type>__alloc</type> to select an underlying allocator that 164 satisfied memory allocation requests. The selection of this 165 underlying allocator was not user-configurable. 166 </para> 167 168 <table frame="all" xml:id="table.extension_allocators"> 169 <title>Extension Allocators</title> 170 171 <tgroup cols="4" align="left" colsep="1" rowsep="1"> 172 <colspec colname="c1"/> 173 <colspec colname="c2"/> 174 <colspec colname="c3"/> 175 <colspec colname="c4"/> 176 177 <thead> 178 <row> 179 <entry>Allocator (3.4)</entry> 180 <entry>Header (3.4)</entry> 181 <entry>Allocator (3.[0-3])</entry> 182 <entry>Header (3.[0-3])</entry> 183 </row> 184 </thead> 185 186 <tbody> 187 <row> 188 <entry><classname>__gnu_cxx::new_allocator<T></classname></entry> 189 <entry><filename class="headerfile"><ext/new_allocator.h></filename></entry> 190 <entry><classname>std::__new_alloc</classname></entry> 191 <entry><filename class="headerfile"><memory></filename></entry> 192 </row> 193 <row> 194 <entry><classname>__gnu_cxx::malloc_allocator<T></classname></entry> 195 <entry><filename class="headerfile"><ext/malloc_allocator.h></filename></entry> 196 <entry><classname>std::__malloc_alloc_template<int></classname></entry> 197 <entry><filename class="headerfile"><memory></filename></entry> 198 </row> 199 <row> 200 <entry><classname>__gnu_cxx::debug_allocator<T></classname></entry> 201 <entry><filename class="headerfile"><ext/debug_allocator.h></filename></entry> 202 <entry><classname>std::debug_alloc<T></classname></entry> 203 <entry><filename class="headerfile"><memory></filename></entry> 204 </row> 205 <row> 206 <entry><classname>__gnu_cxx::__pool_alloc<T></classname></entry> 207 <entry><filename class="headerfile"><ext/pool_allocator.h></filename></entry> 208 <entry><classname>std::__default_alloc_template<bool,int></classname></entry> 209 <entry><filename class="headerfile"><memory></filename></entry> 210 </row> 211 <row> 212 <entry><classname>__gnu_cxx::__mt_alloc<T></classname></entry> 213 <entry><filename class="headerfile"><ext/mt_allocator.h></filename></entry> 214 <entry> </entry> 215 <entry> </entry> 216 </row> 217 <row> 218 <entry><classname>__gnu_cxx::bitmap_allocator<T></classname></entry> 219 <entry><filename class="headerfile"><ext/bitmap_allocator.h></filename></entry> 220 <entry> </entry> 221 <entry> </entry> 222 </row> 223 </tbody> 224 </tgroup> 225 </table> 226 227 <para> Releases after gcc-3.4 have continued to add to the collection 228 of available allocators. All of these new allocators are 229 standard-style. The following table includes details, along with 230 the first released version of GCC that included the extension allocator. 231 </para> 232 233 <table frame="all" xml:id="table.extension_allocators2"> 234 <title>Extension Allocators Continued</title> 235 236 <tgroup cols="3" align="left" colsep="1" rowsep="1"> 237 <colspec colname="c1"/> 238 <colspec colname="c2"/> 239 <colspec colname="c3"/> 240 241 <thead> 242 <row> 243 <entry>Allocator</entry> 244 <entry>Include</entry> 245 <entry>Version</entry> 246 </row> 247 </thead> 248 249 <tbody> 250 <row> 251 <entry><classname>__gnu_cxx::array_allocator<T></classname></entry> 252 <entry><filename class="headerfile"><ext/array_allocator.h></filename></entry> 253 <entry>4.0.0</entry> 254 </row> 255 <row> 256 <entry><classname>__gnu_cxx::throw_allocator<T></classname></entry> 257 <entry><filename class="headerfile"><ext/throw_allocator.h></filename></entry> 258 <entry>4.2.0</entry> 259 </row> 260 </tbody> 261 </tgroup> 262 </table> 263 264 265 <para> 266 Debug mode first appears. 267 </para> 268 269 <para> 270 Precompiled header support <acronym>PCH</acronym> support. 271 </para> 272 273 <para> 274 Macro guard for changed, from <literal>_GLIBCPP_</literal> to <literal>_GLIBCXX_</literal>. 275 </para> 276 277 <para> 278 Extension <filename class="headerfile"><ext/stdio_sync_filebuf.h></filename> added. 279 </para> 280 281 <para> 282 Extension <filename class="headerfile"><ext/demangle.h></filename> added. 283 </para> 284 285 286 </section> 287 288 <section xml:id="api.rel_400"><info><title><constant>4.0</constant></title></info> 289 290 <para> 291 </para> 292 <para> 293 TR1 features first appear. 294 </para> 295 296 <para> 297 Extension allocator <filename class="headerfile"><ext/array_allocator.h></filename> added. 298 </para> 299 300 <para> 301 Extension <code>codecvt</code> specializations moved to <filename class="headerfile"><ext/codecvt_specializations.h></filename>. 302 </para> 303 304 <para> 305 Removal of <filename class="headerfile"><ext/demangle.h></filename>. 306 </para> 307 308 309 </section> 310 311 <section xml:id="api.rel_410"><info><title><constant>4.1</constant></title></info> 312 313 <para> 314 </para> 315 316 317 <para> 318 Removal of <filename class="headerfile"><cassert></filename> from all standard headers: now has to be explicitly included for <code>std::assert</code> calls. 319 </para> 320 321 <para> Extensions for policy-based data structures first added. New includes, 322 types, namespace <code>pb_assoc</code>. 323 </para> 324 325 326 327 <para> Extensions for typelists added in <filename class="headerfile"><ext/typelist.h></filename>. 328 </para> 329 330 <para> Extension for policy-based <code>basic_string</code> first added: <code>__gnu_cxx::__versa_string</code> in <filename class="headerfile"><ext/vstring.h></filename>. 331 </para> 332 333 </section> 334 335 <section xml:id="api.rel_420"><info><title><constant>4.2</constant></title></info> 336 337 <para> 338 </para> 339 340 341 <para> Default visibility attributes applied to <code>namespace std</code>. Support for <code>-fvisibility</code>. 342 </para> 343 344 <para>TR1 <filename class="headerfile"><random></filename>, <filename class="headerfile"><complex></filename>, and C compatibility headers added.</para> 345 346 <para> Extensions for concurrent programming consolidated 347 into <filename class="headerfile"><ext/concurrence.h></filename> and <filename class="headerfile"><ext/atomicity.h></filename>, 348 including change of namespace to <code>__gnu_cxx</code> in some 349 cases. Added types 350 include <code>_Lock_policy</code>, <code>__concurrence_lock_error</code>, <code>__concurrence_unlock_error</code>, <code>__mutex</code>, <code>__scoped_lock</code>.</para> 351 352 <para> Extensions for type traits consolidated 353 into <filename class="headerfile"><ext/type_traits.h></filename>. Additional traits are added 354 (<code>__conditional_type</code>, <code>__enable_if</code>, others.) 355 </para> 356 357 <para> Extensions for policy-based data structures revised. New includes, 358 types, namespace moved to <code>__pb_ds</code>. 359 </para> 360 361 <para> Extensions for debug mode modified: now nested in <code>namespace 362 std::__debug</code> and extensions in <code>namespace 363 __gnu_cxx::__debug</code>.</para> 364 365 <para> Extensions added: <filename class="headerfile"><ext/typelist.h></filename> 366 and <filename class="headerfile"><ext/throw_allocator.h></filename>. 367 </para> 368 369 </section> 370 371 <section xml:id="api.rel_430"><info><title><constant>4.3</constant></title></info> 372 373 <para> 374 </para> 375 376 377 <para> 378 C++0X features first appear. 379 </para> 380 381 <para>TR1 <filename class="headerfile"><regex></filename> and <filename class="headerfile"><cmath></filename>'s mathematical special function added. 382 </para> 383 384 <para> 385 Backward include edit. 386 </para> 387 <itemizedlist> 388 <listitem> 389 <para>Removed</para> 390 <para> 391 <filename class="headerfile"><algobase.h></filename> <filename class="headerfile"><algo.h></filename> <filename class="headerfile"><alloc.h></filename> <filename class="headerfile"><bvector.h></filename> <filename class="headerfile"><complex.h></filename> 392 <filename class="headerfile"><defalloc.h></filename> <filename class="headerfile"><deque.h></filename> <filename class="headerfile"><fstream.h></filename> <filename class="headerfile"><function.h></filename> <filename class="headerfile"><hash_map.h></filename> <filename class="headerfile"><hash_set.h></filename> 393 <filename class="headerfile"><hashtable.h></filename> <filename class="headerfile"><heap.h></filename> <filename class="headerfile"><iomanip.h></filename> <filename class="headerfile"><iostream.h></filename> <filename class="headerfile"><istream.h></filename> <filename class="headerfile"><iterator.h></filename> 394 <filename class="headerfile"><list.h></filename> <filename class="headerfile"><map.h></filename> <filename class="headerfile"><multimap.h></filename> <filename class="headerfile"><multiset.h></filename> <filename class="headerfile"><new.h></filename> <filename class="headerfile"><ostream.h></filename> <filename class="headerfile"><pair.h></filename> <filename class="headerfile"><queue.h></filename> <filename class="headerfile"><rope.h></filename> <filename class="headerfile"><set.h></filename> <filename class="headerfile"><slist.h></filename> <filename class="headerfile"><stack.h></filename> <filename class="headerfile"><streambuf.h></filename> <filename class="headerfile"><stream.h></filename> <filename class="headerfile"><tempbuf.h></filename> 395 <filename class="headerfile"><tree.h></filename> <filename class="headerfile"><vector.h></filename> 396 </para> 397 </listitem> 398 <listitem> 399 <para>Added</para> 400 <para> 401 <filename class="headerfile"><hash_map></filename> and <filename class="headerfile"><hash_set></filename> 402 </para> 403 </listitem> 404 <listitem> 405 <para>Added in C++11</para> 406 <para> 407 <filename class="headerfile"><auto_ptr.h></filename> and <filename class="headerfile"><binders.h></filename> 408 </para> 409 </listitem> 410 411 </itemizedlist> 412 413 <para> 414 Header dependency streamlining. 415 </para> 416 417 <itemizedlist> 418 <listitem><para><filename class="headerfile"><algorithm></filename> no longer includes <filename class="headerfile"><climits></filename>, <filename class="headerfile"><cstring></filename>, or <filename class="headerfile"><iosfwd></filename> </para></listitem> 419 <listitem><para><filename class="headerfile"><bitset></filename> no longer includes <filename class="headerfile"><istream></filename> or <filename class="headerfile"><ostream></filename>, adds <filename class="headerfile"><iosfwd></filename> </para></listitem> 420 <listitem><para><filename class="headerfile"><functional></filename> no longer includes <filename class="headerfile"><cstddef></filename></para></listitem> 421 <listitem><para><filename class="headerfile"><iomanip></filename> no longer includes <filename class="headerfile"><istream></filename>, <filename class="headerfile"><istream></filename>, or <filename class="headerfile"><functional></filename>, adds <filename class="headerfile"><ioswd></filename> </para></listitem> 422 <listitem><para><filename class="headerfile"><numeric></filename> no longer includes <filename class="headerfile"><iterator></filename></para></listitem> 423 <listitem><para><filename class="headerfile"><string></filename> no longer includes <filename class="headerfile"><algorithm></filename> or <filename class="headerfile"><memory></filename></para></listitem> 424 425 <listitem><para><filename class="headerfile"><valarray></filename> no longer includes <filename class="headerfile"><numeric></filename> or <filename class="headerfile"><cstdlib></filename></para></listitem> 426 <listitem><para><filename class="headerfile"><tr1/hashtable></filename> no longer includes <filename class="headerfile"><memory></filename> or <filename class="headerfile"><functional></filename></para></listitem> 427 <listitem><para><filename class="headerfile"><tr1/memory></filename> no longer includes <filename class="headerfile"><algorithm></filename></para></listitem> 428 <listitem><para><filename class="headerfile"><tr1/random></filename> no longer includes <filename class="headerfile"><algorithm></filename> or <filename class="headerfile"><fstream></filename></para></listitem> 429 </itemizedlist> 430 431 <para> 432 Debug mode for <filename class="headerfile"><unordered_map></filename> and <filename class="headerfile"><unordered_set></filename>. 433 </para> 434 435 <para> 436 Parallel mode first appears. 437 </para> 438 439 <para>Variadic template implementations of items in <filename class="headerfile"><tuple></filename> and 440 <filename class="headerfile"><functional></filename>. 441 </para> 442 443 <para>Default <code>what</code> implementations give more elaborate 444 exception strings for <code>bad_cast</code>, 445 <code>bad_typeid</code>, <code>bad_exception</code>, and 446 <code>bad_alloc</code>. 447 </para> 448 449 <para> 450 PCH binary files no longer installed. Instead, the source files are installed. 451 </para> 452 453 <para> 454 Namespace pb_ds moved to __gnu_pb_ds. 455 </para> 456 457 </section> 458 459 460 <section xml:id="api.rel_440"><info><title><constant>4.4</constant></title></info> 461 462 <para> 463 </para> 464 465 <para> 466 C++0X features. 467 </para> 468 469 <itemizedlist> 470 <listitem> 471 <para> 472 Added. 473 </para> 474 <para> 475 <filename class="headerfile"><atomic></filename>, 476 <filename class="headerfile"><chrono></filename>, 477 <filename class="headerfile"><condition_variable></filename>, 478 <filename class="headerfile"><forward_list></filename>, 479 <filename class="headerfile"><initializer_list></filename>, 480 <filename class="headerfile"><mutex></filename>, 481 <filename class="headerfile"><ratio></filename>, 482 <filename class="headerfile"><thread></filename> 483 </para> 484 </listitem> 485 486 <listitem> 487 <para> 488 Updated and improved. 489 </para> 490 <para> 491 <filename class="headerfile"><algorithm></filename>, 492 <filename class="headerfile"><system_error></filename>, 493 <filename class="headerfile"><type_traits></filename> 494 </para> 495 </listitem> 496 497 <listitem> 498 <para> 499 Use of the GNU extension namespace association converted to inline namespaces. 500 </para> 501 </listitem> 502 503 <listitem> 504 <para> 505 Preliminary support for <classname>initializer_list</classname> 506 and defaulted and deleted constructors in container classes. 507 </para> 508 </listitem> 509 510 <listitem> 511 <para> 512 <classname>unique_ptr</classname>. 513 </para> 514 </listitem> 515 516 <listitem> 517 <para> 518 Support for new character types <type>char16_t</type> 519 and <type>char32_t</type> added 520 to <classname>char_traits</classname>, <classname>basic_string</classname>, <classname>numeric_limits</classname>, 521 and assorted compile-time type traits. 522 </para> 523 </listitem> 524 525 <listitem> 526 <para> 527 Support for string conversions <function>to_string</function> 528 and <function>to_wstring</function>. 529 </para> 530 </listitem> 531 532 <listitem> 533 <para> 534 Member functions taking string arguments were added to iostreams 535 including <classname>basic_filebuf</classname>, <classname>basic_ofstream</classname>, 536 and <classname>basic_ifstream</classname>. 537 </para> 538 </listitem> 539 540 <listitem> 541 <para> 542 Exception propagation support, 543 including <classname>exception_ptr</classname>, <function>current_exception</function>, <function>copy_exception</function>, 544 and <function>rethrow_exception</function>. 545 </para> 546 </listitem> 547 </itemizedlist> 548 549 550 <para> 551 Uglification of <literal>try</literal> to <literal>__try</literal> 552 and <literal>catch</literal> to <literal>__catch</literal>. 553 </para> 554 555 <para> 556 Audit of internal mutex usage, conversion to functions returning static 557 local mutex. 558 </para> 559 560 <para> Extensions 561 added: <filename class="headerfile"><ext/pointer.h></filename> 562 and <filename class="headerfile"><ext/extptr_allocator.h></filename>. Support 563 for non-standard pointer types has been added 564 to <classname>vector</classname> 565 and <classname>forward_list</classname>. 566 </para> 567 </section> 568 569 <section xml:id="api.rel_450"><info><title><constant>4.5</constant></title></info> 570 571 <para> 572 </para> 573 574 <para> 575 C++0X features. 576 </para> 577 578 <itemizedlist> 579 <listitem> 580 <para> 581 Added. 582 </para> 583 <para> 584 <filename class="headerfile"><functional></filename>, 585 <filename class="headerfile"><future></filename>, 586 <filename class="headerfile"><random></filename> 587 </para> 588 </listitem> 589 590 <listitem> 591 <para> 592 Updated and improved. 593 </para> 594 <para> 595 <filename class="headerfile"><atomic></filename>, 596 <filename class="headerfile"><system_error></filename>, 597 <filename class="headerfile"><type_traits></filename> 598 </para> 599 </listitem> 600 601 <listitem> 602 <para> 603 Add support for explicit operators and standard layout types. 604 </para> 605 </listitem> 606 </itemizedlist> 607 608 <para> 609 Profile mode first appears. 610 </para> 611 612 <para> 613 Support for decimal floating-point arithmetic, including <classname>decimal32</classname>, <classname>decimal64</classname>, and <classname>decimal128</classname>. 614 </para> 615 616 <para> 617 Python pretty-printers are added for use with appropriately-advanced versions of <command>gdb</command>. 618 </para> 619 620 <para> 621 Audit for application of function attributes nothrow, const, pure, and noreturn. 622 </para> 623 624 <para> 625 The default behavior for comparing typeinfo names changed, so 626 in <filename class="headerfile"><typeinfo></filename>, <literal>__GXX_MERGED_TYPEINFO_NAMES</literal> 627 now defaults to zero. 628 </para> 629 630 <para> Extensions modified: <filename class="headerfile"><ext/throw_allocator.h></filename>. 631 </para> 632 </section> 633 634 <section xml:id="api.rel_460"><info><title><constant>4.6</constant></title></info> 635 636 <para> 637 Use constexpr and nullptr where appropriate throughout the library. 638 </para> 639 640 <para> 641 The library was updated to avoid including 642 <filename class="headerfile"><stddef.h></filename> in order 643 to reduce namespace pollution. 644 </para> 645 646 <para>Reference-count annotations to assist data race detectors. 647 </para> 648 649 <para> 650 Added <function>make_exception_ptr</function> as an alias of 651 <function>copy_exception</function>. 652 </para> 653 654 </section> 655 656 <section xml:id="api.rel_470"><info><title><constant>4.7</constant></title></info> 657 658 <para>Use of noexcept throughout library.</para> 659 660 <para>Partial support for C++11 allocators first appears.</para> 661 662 <para> 663 <classname>monotonic_clock</classname> renamed to 664 <classname>steady_clock</classname> as required by the final C++11 665 standard. 666 </para> 667 668 <para>A new clocale model for newlib is available.</para> 669 670 <para> 671 The library was updated to avoid including 672 <filename class="headerfile"><unistd.h></filename> in order 673 to reduce namespace pollution. 674 </para> 675 676 <para>Debug Mode was improved for unordered containers. </para> 677 678 </section> 679 680 <section xml:id="api.rel_480"><info><title><constant>4.8</constant></title></info> 681 682 <para> 683 New random number engines and distributions. 684 Optimisations for random. 685 </para> 686 687 <para>New --enable-libstdcxx-verbose configure option</para> 688 689 <para> 690 The --enable-libstdcxx-time configure option becomes unnecessary given a 691 sufficiently recent glibc. 692 </para> 693 694 </section> 695 696 <section xml:id="api.rel_490"><info><title><constant>4.9</constant></title></info> 697 698 <para> Implementation of <classname>regex</classname> completed. </para> 699 700 <para> C++14 library and TS implementations are added. </para> 701 702 <para> <function>copy_exception</function> deprecated. </para> 703 704 <para> <classname>__gnu_cxx::array_allocator</classname> deprecated. </para> 705 706 </section> 707 708 <section xml:id="api.rel_51"><info><title><constant>5</constant></title></info> 709 710 <para> 711 ABI transition adds new implementations of several components, using the 712 <code>abi_tag</code> attribute and the <code>__cxx11</code> inline 713 namespace to distinguish the new entities from the old ones. 714 </para> 715 716 <itemizedlist> 717 <listitem> 718 <para> 719 Use of the new or old ABI can be selected per-translation unit with the 720 <xref linkend="manual.intro.using.macros"><symbol>_GLIBCXX_USE_CXX11_ABI</symbol> 721 macro</xref>. 722 </para> 723 </listitem> 724 <listitem> 725 <para> 726 New non-reference-counted <classname>string</classname> implementation. 727 </para> 728 </listitem> 729 <listitem> 730 <para> 731 New <classname>list</classname> implementation containing a new 732 data member in order to provide O(1) <function>size()</function>. 733 </para> 734 </listitem> 735 <listitem> 736 <para> 737 New <classname>ios_base::failure</classname> implementation inheriting 738 from <classname>system_error</classname>. 739 </para> 740 </listitem> 741 </itemizedlist> 742 743 <para> 744 C++11 support completed (movable iostreams, new I/O manipulators, 745 Unicode conversion utilities, atomic operations for 746 <classname>shared_ptr</classname>, functions for notifying condition 747 variables and making futures ready at thread exit). 748 </para> 749 750 <para> 751 Changed formatting of floating point types when 752 <code>ios_base::fixed|ios_base::scientific</code> is set in a stream's 753 format flags. 754 </para> 755 756 <para> Improved C++14 support and TS implementations. </para> 757 758 <para> New random number engines and distributions. </para> 759 760 <para> 761 GDB Xmethods for containers and <classname>unique_ptr</classname> added. 762 </para> 763 764 <para> 765 <classname>has_trivial_default_constructor</classname>, 766 <classname>has_trivial_copy_constructor</classname> and 767 <classname>has_trivial_copy_assign</classname> deprecated. 768 </para> 769 770 <section xml:id="api.rel_53"><info><title><constant>5.3</constant></title></info> 771 <para> Experimental implementation of the C++ Filesystem TS added. </para> 772 773 </section> 774 775 </section> 776 777 <section xml:id="api.rel_61"><info><title><constant>6</constant></title></info> 778 779 <para> C++14 support completed. </para> 780 781 <para> 782 Support for mathematical special functions (ISO/IEC 29124:2010) added. 783 </para> 784 785 <para> 786 Assertions to check function preconditions can be enabled by defining the 787 <link linkend="manual.intro.using.macros"><symbol>_GLIBCXX_ASSERTIONS</symbol> 788 macro</link>. 789 The initial set of assertions are a subset of the checks enabled by 790 the Debug Mode, but without the ABI changes and changes to algorithmic 791 complexity that are caused by enabling the full Debug Mode. 792 </para> 793 794 </section> 795 796 <section xml:id="api.rel_71"><info><title><constant>7</constant></title></info> 797 798 <para> 799 The type of exception thrown by iostreams changed to the <code>cxx11</code> 800 ABI version of <classname>std::ios_base::failure</classname>. 801 </para> 802 803 <para> 804 Experimental C++17 support added, including most new library features. 805 The meaning of <classname>shared_ptr<T[]></classname> changed to 806 match the C++17 semantics. 807 </para> 808 809 <para> 810 <xref linkend="manual.intro.using.macros"><symbol>_GLIBCXX_RELEASE</symbol> 811 macro</xref> added. 812 </para> 813 814 <para> 815 <classname>has_trivial_default_constructor</classname>, 816 <classname>has_trivial_copy_constructor</classname> and 817 <classname>has_trivial_copy_assign</classname> removed. 818 </para> 819 820 <para> 821 Calling a <code>std::bind</code> result as volatile was deprecated for C++17. 822 </para> 823 824 <para> Profile Mode was deprecated. </para> 825 826 <section xml:id="api.rel_72"><info><title><constant>7.2</constant></title></info> 827 828 <para> 829 Library Fundamentals TS header 830 <filename class="headerfile"><experimental/source_location></filename> 831 added. 832 </para> 833 834 </section> 835 836 <section xml:id="api.rel_73"><info><title><constant>7.3</constant></title></info> 837 838 <para> 839 Including new C++14 or C++17 headers without a suitable <option>-std</option> 840 no longer causes compilation to fail via <literal>#error</literal>. 841 Instead the header is simply empty and doesn't define anything. 842 </para> 843 844 </section> 845 846 </section> 847 848 <section xml:id="api.rel_81"><info><title><constant>8</constant></title></info> 849 850 <para> 851 The exceptions thrown by iostreams can now be caught by handlers for either 852 version of <classname>std::ios_base::failure</classname>. 853 </para> 854 855 <para> 856 Improved experimental C++17 support. Headers 857 <filename class="headerfile"><charconv></filename> and 858 <filename class="headerfile"><filesystem></filename>. 859 Experimental implementation of the C++17 Filesystem library added. 860 </para> 861 862 <para> 863 Experimental C++2a support 864 (<function>to_address</function> and <classname>endian</classname>). 865 </para> 866 867 <para> 868 AddressSanitizer annotations added to <classname>std::vector</classname> 869 to detect out-of-range accesses to the unused capacity of a vector. 870 </para> 871 872 <para> 873 <function>std::char_traits<char16_t>::to_int_type(u'\uFFFF')</function> 874 now returns <literal>0xFFFD</literal>, as <literal>0xFFFF</literal> is 875 used for <function>std::char_traits<char16_t>::eof()</function>. 876 </para> 877 878 <para> 879 The extension allowing arithmetic on 880 <classname>std::atomic<void*></classname> and types like 881 <classname>std::atomic<R(*)()></classname> was deprecated. 882 </para> 883 884 <para> 885 The <function>std::uncaught_exception</function> function was deprecated 886 for C++17 mode. 887 </para> 888 889 <para> 890 The nested typedefs <type>std::hash::result_type</type> and 891 <type>std::hash::argument_type</type> were deprecated for C++17 mode. 892 </para> 893 894 <para> 895 The deprecated iostream members <type>ios_base::io_state</type>, 896 <type>ios_base::open_mode</type>, <type>ios_base::seek_dir</type>, and 897 <function>basic_streambuf::stossc</function> were removed for C++17 mode. 898 </para> 899 900 <para> 901 The non-standard C++0x <function>std::copy_exception</function> function 902 was removed. 903 </para> 904 905 <para> 906 For <option>-std=c++11</option>, <option>-std=c++14</option>, and 907 <option>-std=c++17</option> modes the <filename><complex.h></filename> 908 header no longer includes the C99 <filename><complex.h></filename> 909 header. 910 </para> 911 912 <para> 913 For the non-default <option>--enable-symvers=gnu-versioned-namespace</option> 914 configuration, the shared library SONAME has been changed to 915 <filename>libstdc++.so.8</filename>. 916 </para> 917 918 <para> 919 The extension allowing containers to be instantiated with an allocator 920 that doesn't match the container's value type is no longer allowed in 921 strict (<option>-std=c++NN</option>) modes, only in 922 <option>-std=gnu++NN</option> modes. 923 </para> 924 925 </section> 926 927 <section xml:id="api.rel_91"><info><title><constant>9</constant></title></info> 928 929 <para> 930 C++17 header 931 <filename class="headerfile"><memory_resource></filename> 932 added. 933 </para> 934 935 <para> 936 Experimental C++2a support improved, with new headers 937 <filename class="headerfile"><bit></filename> and 938 <filename class="headerfile"><version></filename> added. 939 Support for new character type <type>char8_t</type> added 940 to <classname>char_traits</classname>, <classname>basic_string</classname>, 941 <classname>numeric_limits</classname>, 942 and relevant locale facets and type traits. 943 </para> 944 945 <para> 946 Experimental implementation of the Networking TS library added, 947 with new headers 948 <filename class="headerfile"><experimental/buffer></filename>, 949 <filename class="headerfile"><experimental/executor></filename>, 950 <filename class="headerfile"><experimental/internet></filename>, 951 <filename class="headerfile"><experimental/io_context></filename>, 952 <filename class="headerfile"><experimental/net></filename>, 953 <filename class="headerfile"><experimental/netfwd></filename>, 954 <filename class="headerfile"><experimental/socket></filename>, 955 and 956 <filename class="headerfile"><experimental/timer></filename>. 957 </para> 958 959 </section> 960 961 <section xml:id="api.rel_101"><info><title><constant>10</constant></title></info> 962 <para> Deprecated features removed: 963 <itemizedlist> 964 <listitem> Profile Mode </listitem> 965 <listitem> <classname>__gnu_cxx::array_allocator</classname> </listitem> 966 </itemizedlist> 967 </para> 968 969 <para> 970 The non-standard <function>std::__is_nullptr_t</function> type trait 971 was deprecated. 972 </para> 973 974 <para> 975 The <classname>std::packaged_task</classname> constructors taking 976 an allocator argument are only defined for C++11 and C++14. 977 </para> 978 979 <para> 980 Several members of <classname>std::allocator</classname> were removed 981 for C++20 mode. The removed functionality has been provided by 982 <classname>std::allocator_traits</classname> since C++11 and that should 983 be used instead. 984 </para> 985 986 <para> 987 The type of the <classname>std::iterator</classname> base class of 988 <classname>std::istreambuf_iterator</classname> was changed to be 989 consistent for all <option>-std</option> modes. 990 Before GCC 10.1 the base class had one type in C++98 mode and a 991 different type in C++11 and later modes. The type in C++98 mode 992 was changed to be the same as for C++11 and later. 993 </para> 994 995 <para> 996 Experimental C++2a support improved, with new headers 997 <filename class="headerfile"><concepts></filename>, 998 <filename class="headerfile"><ranges></filename>, 999 <filename class="headerfile"><compare></filename>, 1000 <filename class="headerfile"><coroutine></filename>, 1001 <filename class="headerfile"><numbers></filename>, 1002 <filename class="headerfile"><span></filename>, 1003 and 1004 <filename class="headerfile"><stop_token></filename> 1005 added. 1006 </para> 1007 1008 <para> 1009 The extension allowing containers to be instantiated with an allocator 1010 that doesn't match the container's value type is no longer allowed in 1011 C++20 mode, even in non-strict <option>-std=gnu++20</option> mode. 1012 </para> 1013 1014 </section> 1015 1016 <section xml:id="api.rel_111"><info><title><constant>11</constant></title></info> 1017 1018 <para> 1019 The <option>--enable-cheaders=c_std</option> configuration 1020 was deprecated. 1021 </para> 1022 1023 <para> 1024 When compiling as C++20, the <function>operator>></function> overloads 1025 for extracting strings into character buffers only work with arrays, 1026 not raw pointers. 1027 </para> 1028 1029 <para> 1030 <code>std::string::reserve(n)</code> will no longer reduce 1031 the string's capacity. 1032 Calling <function>reserve()</function> with no arguments is equivalent 1033 to <function>shrink_to_fit()</function>, but is deprecated. 1034 <function>shrink_to_fit()</function> should be used instead. 1035 </para> 1036 1037 </section> 1038 1039 <section xml:id="api.rel_121"><info><title><constant>12</constant></title></info> 1040 1041 <para> 1042 The <function>std::random_shuffle</function> algorithms are deprecated 1043 for C++14 and later. The C++11 <function>std::shuffle</function> algorithm 1044 can be used instead. 1045 </para> 1046 1047 <para> 1048 The <function>std::unexpected</function> function and related typedef and 1049 accessors for the unexpected handler are deprecated for C++11 and later. 1050 Dynamic exception specifications should be replaced with <code>noexcept</code>. 1051 </para> 1052 1053 <para> 1054 C++98 adaptable function utilities 1055 (<code>std::bind1st</code>, <code>std::unary_function</code>, 1056 <code>std::ptr_fun</code>, <code>std::mem_fun_ref</code> etc.) 1057 were deprecated for C++11. 1058 <code>std::iterator</code>, <code>std::raw_storage_iterator</code>, 1059 <code>get_temporary_buffer</code>, and <code>std::not_fun</code> 1060 were deprecated for C++17. 1061 </para> 1062 1063 <para> 1064 Non-standard <code>std::pair</code> constructors were deprecated. 1065 A non-standard default argument for 1066 <code>vector<bool>::insert(const_iterator, const bool&)</code> 1067 was deprecated. 1068 </para> 1069 1070 <para> 1071 The <literal>bitmap</literal>, <literal>mt</literal>, and <literal>pool</literal> 1072 options for <option>--enable-libstdcxx-allocator</option> were removed. 1073 For the <literal>new</literal> option, <classname>std::allocator</classname> 1074 no longer derives from <classname>__gnu_cxx::new_allocator</classname>; 1075 they both derive from <classname>std::__new_allocator</classname> instead. 1076 </para> 1077 1078 <para> 1079 <function>std::condition_variable::wait</function> changed to be 1080 <code>noexcept(false)</code> to allow thread cancellation exceptions to 1081 be thrown from <function>pthread_cond_wait</function> without aborting 1082 the process. 1083 </para> 1084 1085 </section> 1086 1087 1088 <section xml:id="api.rel_123"><info><title><constant>12.3</constant></title></info> 1089 <para> 1090 Calling a <code>std::bind</code> result as volatile is ill-formed for C++20 1091 and later. 1092 </para> 1093 1094 </section> 1095 1096 <section xml:id="api.rel_131"><info><title><constant>13</constant></title></info> 1097 1098 <para> 1099 Tunables <varname>glibcxx.eh_pool.obj_count</varname> and 1100 <varname>glibcxx.eh_pool.obj_size</varname> were added. 1101 </para> 1102 1103 <para>Static library <filename>libstdc++exp.a</filename> was added 1104 to provide the symbols for the experimental C++ Contracts support.</para> 1105 1106 </section> 1107 1108 <section xml:id="api.rel_133"><info><title><constant>13.3</constant></title></info> 1109 1110 <para> 1111 Symbols for the Filesystem TS and C++23 <filename><stacktrace></filename> 1112 header were added to the static library <filename>libstdc++exp.a</filename>. 1113 </para> 1114 1115 </section> 1116 1117 <section xml:id="api.rel_141"><info><title><constant>14</constant></title></info> 1118 1119 <para> 1120 Deprecate the non-standard overload that allows <code>std::setfill</code> 1121 to be used with <code>std::basic_istream</code>. 1122 </para> 1123 1124 <para> 1125 The extension allowing <code>std::basic_string</code> to be instantiated 1126 with an allocator that doesn't match the string's character type is no 1127 longer allowed in C++20 mode. 1128 </para> 1129 1130 </section> 1131 1132 </section> 1133
Indexes created Mon Jun 01 00:24:59 UTC 2026