1 # tzdb data for Africa and environs 2 3 # This file is in the public domain, so clarified as of 4 # 2009-05-17 by Arthur David Olson. 5 6 # This file is by no means authoritative; if you think you know better, 7 # go ahead and edit the file, and please send any changes to 8 # the public mailing list tz (a] iana.org for general use in the future. 9 # For more, please see the file CONTRIBUTING in the tz distribution. 10 11 # From Paul Eggert (2018-05-27): 12 # 13 # Unless otherwise specified, the source for data through 1990 is: 14 # Thomas G. Shanks and Rique Pottenger, The International Atlas (6th edition), 15 # San Diego: ACS Publications, Inc. (2003). 16 # Unfortunately this book contains many errors and cites no sources. 17 # 18 # Many years ago Gwillim Law wrote that a good source 19 # for time zone data was the International Air Transport 20 # Association's Standard Schedules Information Manual (IATA SSIM), 21 # published semiannually. Law sent in several helpful summaries 22 # of the IATA's data after 1990. Except where otherwise noted, 23 # IATA SSIM is the source for entries after 1990. 24 # 25 # Another source occasionally used is Edward W. Whitman, World Time Differences, 26 # Whitman Publishing Co, 2 Niagara Av, Ealing, London (undated), which 27 # I found in the UCLA library. 28 # 29 # For data circa 1899, a common source is: 30 # Milne J. Civil time. Geogr J. 1899 Feb;13(2):173-94. 31 # https://www.jstor.org/stable/1774359 32 # 33 # For the 1911/1912 establishment of standard time in French possessions, see: 34 # Socit Franaise de Physique, Recueil de constantes physiques (1913), 35 # page 752, 18b. 36 # 37 # European-style abbreviations are commonly used along the Mediterranean. 38 # For sub-Saharan Africa abbreviations were less standardized. 39 # Previous editions of this database used WAT, CAT, SAT, and EAT 40 # for UT +00 through +03, respectively, 41 # but in 1997 Mark R V Murray reported that 42 # 'SAST' is the official abbreviation for +02 in the country of South Africa, 43 # 'CAT' is commonly used for +02 in countries north of South Africa, and 44 # 'WAT' is probably the best name for +01, as the common phrase for 45 # the area that includes Nigeria is "West Africa". 46 # 47 # To summarize, the following abbreviations seemed to have some currency: 48 # +00 GMT Greenwich Mean Time 49 # +02 CAT Central Africa Time 50 # +02 SAST South Africa Standard Time 51 # and Murray suggested the following abbreviation: 52 # +01 WAT West Africa Time 53 # Murray's suggestion seems to have caught on in news reports and the like. 54 # I vaguely recall 'WAT' also being used for -01 in the past but 55 # cannot now come up with solid citations. 56 # 57 # I invented the following abbreviations in the 1990s: 58 # +02 WAST West Africa Summer Time 59 # +03 CAST Central Africa Summer Time 60 # +03 SAST South Africa Summer Time 61 # +03 EAT East Africa Time 62 # 'EAT' seems to have caught on and is in current timestamps, and though 63 # the other abbreviations are rarer and are only in past timestamps, 64 # they are paired with better-attested non-DST abbreviations. 65 # Corrections are welcome. 66 67 # Algeria 68 # Rule NAME FROM TO - IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S 69 Rule Algeria 1916 only - Jun 14 23:00s 1:00 S 70 Rule Algeria 1916 1919 - Oct Sun>=1 23:00s 0 - 71 Rule Algeria 1917 only - Mar 24 23:00s 1:00 S 72 Rule Algeria 1918 only - Mar 9 23:00s 1:00 S 73 Rule Algeria 1919 only - Mar 1 23:00s 1:00 S 74 Rule Algeria 1920 only - Feb 14 23:00s 1:00 S 75 Rule Algeria 1920 only - Oct 23 23:00s 0 - 76 Rule Algeria 1921 only - Mar 14 23:00s 1:00 S 77 Rule Algeria 1921 only - Jun 21 23:00s 0 - 78 Rule Algeria 1939 only - Sep 11 23:00s 1:00 S 79 Rule Algeria 1939 only - Nov 19 1:00 0 - 80 Rule Algeria 1944 1945 - Apr Mon>=1 2:00 1:00 S 81 Rule Algeria 1944 only - Oct 8 2:00 0 - 82 Rule Algeria 1945 only - Sep 16 1:00 0 - 83 Rule Algeria 1971 only - Apr 25 23:00s 1:00 S 84 Rule Algeria 1971 only - Sep 26 23:00s 0 - 85 Rule Algeria 1977 only - May 6 0:00 1:00 S 86 Rule Algeria 1977 only - Oct 21 0:00 0 - 87 Rule Algeria 1978 only - Mar 24 1:00 1:00 S 88 Rule Algeria 1978 only - Sep 22 3:00 0 - 89 Rule Algeria 1980 only - Apr 25 0:00 1:00 S 90 Rule Algeria 1980 only - Oct 31 2:00 0 - 91 # See Europe/Paris for PMT-related transitions. 92 # Zone NAME STDOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] 93 Zone Africa/Algiers 0:12:12 - LMT 1891 Mar 16 94 0:09:21 - PMT 1911 Mar 11 # Paris Mean Time 95 0:00 Algeria WE%sT 1940 Feb 25 2:00 96 1:00 Algeria CE%sT 1946 Oct 7 97 0:00 - WET 1956 Jan 29 98 1:00 - CET 1963 Apr 14 99 0:00 Algeria WE%sT 1977 Oct 21 100 1:00 Algeria CE%sT 1979 Oct 26 101 0:00 Algeria WE%sT 1981 May 102 1:00 - CET 103 104 # Angola 105 # Zone NAME STDOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] 106 Zone Africa/Luanda 0:52:56 - LMT 1892 107 0:52:04 - LMT 1911 Dec 31 23:00u # Luanda MT? 108 1:00 - WAT 109 110 # Benin 111 # Zone NAME STDOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] 112 Zone Africa/Porto-Novo 0:10:28 - LMT 1912 Jan 1 113 0:00 - GMT 1934 Feb 26 114 1:00 - WAT 115 116 # Botswana 117 # Zone NAME STDOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] 118 Zone Africa/Gaborone 1:43:40 - LMT 1885 119 1:30 - SAST 1903 Mar 120 2:00 - CAT 1943 Sep 19 2:00 121 2:00 1:00 CAST 1944 Mar 19 2:00 122 2:00 - CAT 123 124 # Burkina Faso 125 # Zone NAME STDOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] 126 Zone Africa/Ouagadougou -0:06:04 - LMT 1912 127 0:00 - GMT 128 129 # Burundi 130 # Zone NAME STDOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] 131 Zone Africa/Bujumbura 1:57:28 - LMT 1890 132 2:00 - CAT 133 134 # Cameroon 135 # Zone NAME STDOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] 136 Zone Africa/Douala 0:38:48 - LMT 1912 137 1:00 - WAT 138 139 # Cape Verde / Cabo Verde 140 # 141 # From Tim Parenti (2024-07-01), per Paul Eggert (2018-02-16): 142 # For timestamps before independence, see commentary for Europe/Lisbon. 143 # Shanks gives 1907 instead for the transition to -02. 144 # 145 # Zone NAME STDOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] 146 Zone Atlantic/Cape_Verde -1:34:04 - LMT 1912 Jan 01 2:00u # Praia 147 -2:00 - %z 1942 Sep 148 -2:00 1:00 %z 1945 Oct 15 149 -2:00 - %z 1975 Nov 25 2:00 150 -1:00 - %z 151 152 # Central African Republic 153 # Zone NAME STDOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] 154 Zone Africa/Bangui 1:14:20 - LMT 1912 155 1:00 - WAT 156 157 # Chad 158 # Fort-Lamy was renamed to NDjamena on 1973-04-06. 159 # Zone NAME STDOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] 160 Zone Africa/Ndjamena 1:00:12 - LMT 1912 Jan 1 # Fort-Lamy 161 1:00 - WAT 1979 Oct 14 162 1:00 1:00 WAST 1980 Mar 8 163 1:00 - WAT 164 165 # Comoros 166 # Zone NAME STDOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] 167 Zone Indian/Comoro 2:53:04 - LMT 1911 Jul # Moroni, Gran Comoro 168 3:00 - EAT 169 170 # Democratic Republic of the Congo 171 # Zone NAME STDOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] 172 Zone Africa/Kinshasa 1:01:12 - LMT 1897 Nov 9 173 1:00 - WAT 174 175 # Zone NAME STDOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] 176 Zone Africa/Lubumbashi 1:49:52 - LMT 1897 Nov 9 177 1:00 - WAT 1920 Apr 25 178 2:00 - CAT 179 180 # Republic of the Congo 181 # Zone NAME STDOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] 182 Zone Africa/Brazzaville 1:01:08 - LMT 1912 183 1:00 - WAT 184 185 # Cte d'Ivoire (Ivory Coast) 186 187 # The other parts of the St Helena territory are similar: 188 # Tristan da Cunha: on GMT, say Whitman and the CIA 189 # Ascension: on GMT, say the USNO (1995-12-21) and the CIA 190 # Gough (scientific station since 1955; sealers wintered previously): 191 # on GMT, says the CIA 192 # Inaccessible, Nightingale: uninhabited 193 194 # Zone NAME STDOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] 195 Zone Africa/Abidjan -0:16:08 - LMT 1912 Jan 1 196 0:00 - GMT 197 198 # Djibouti 199 # Zone NAME STDOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] 200 Zone Africa/Djibouti 2:52:36 - LMT 1911 Jul 201 3:00 - EAT 202 203 204 ############################################################################### 205 206 # Egypt 207 208 # Milne says Cairo used 2:05:08.9, the local mean time of the Abbasizeh 209 # observatory. Milne also says that the official time for 210 # Egypt was mean noon at the Great Pyramid, 2:04:30.5, but apparently this 211 # did not apply to Cairo, Alexandria, or Port Said. 212 213 # Rule NAME FROM TO - IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S 214 Rule Egypt 1940 only - Jul 15 0:00 1:00 S 215 Rule Egypt 1940 only - Oct 1 0:00 0 - 216 Rule Egypt 1941 only - Apr 15 0:00 1:00 S 217 Rule Egypt 1941 only - Sep 16 0:00 0 - 218 Rule Egypt 1942 1944 - Apr 1 0:00 1:00 S 219 Rule Egypt 1942 only - Oct 27 0:00 0 - 220 Rule Egypt 1943 1945 - Nov 1 0:00 0 - 221 Rule Egypt 1945 only - Apr 16 0:00 1:00 S 222 Rule Egypt 1957 only - May 10 0:00 1:00 S 223 Rule Egypt 1957 1958 - Oct 1 0:00 0 - 224 Rule Egypt 1958 only - May 1 0:00 1:00 S 225 Rule Egypt 1959 1981 - May 1 1:00 1:00 S 226 Rule Egypt 1959 1965 - Sep 30 3:00 0 - 227 Rule Egypt 1966 1994 - Oct 1 3:00 0 - 228 Rule Egypt 1982 only - Jul 25 1:00 1:00 S 229 Rule Egypt 1983 only - Jul 12 1:00 1:00 S 230 Rule Egypt 1984 1988 - May 1 1:00 1:00 S 231 Rule Egypt 1989 only - May 6 1:00 1:00 S 232 Rule Egypt 1990 1994 - May 1 1:00 1:00 S 233 # IATA (after 1990) says transitions are at 0:00. 234 # Go with IATA starting in 1995, except correct 1995 entry from 09-30 to 09-29. 235 236 # From Alexander Krivenyshev (2011-04-20): 237 # "...Egypt's interim cabinet decided on Wednesday to cancel daylight 238 # saving time after a poll posted on its website showed the majority of 239 # Egyptians would approve the cancellation." 240 # 241 # Egypt to cancel daylight saving time 242 # http://www.almasryalyoum.com/en/node/407168 243 # or 244 # http://www.worldtimezone.com/dst_news/dst_news_egypt04.html 245 Rule Egypt 1995 2010 - Apr lastFri 0:00s 1:00 S 246 Rule Egypt 1995 2005 - Sep lastThu 24:00 0 - 247 # From Steffen Thorsen (2006-09-19): 248 # The Egyptian Gazette, issue 41,090 (2006-09-18), page 1, reports: 249 # Egypt will turn back clocks by one hour at the midnight of Thursday 250 # after observing the daylight saving time since May. 251 # http://news.gom.com.eg/gazette/pdf/2006/09/18/01.pdf 252 Rule Egypt 2006 only - Sep 21 24:00 0 - 253 # From Dirk Losch (2007-08-14): 254 # I received a mail from an airline which says that the daylight 255 # saving time in Egypt will end in the night of 2007-09-06 to 2007-09-07. 256 # From Jesper Nrgaard Welen (2007-08-15): [The following agree:] 257 # http://www.nentjes.info/Bill/bill5.htm 258 # https://www.timeanddate.com/worldclock/city.html?n=53 259 # From Steffen Thorsen (2007-09-04): The official information...: 260 # http://www.sis.gov.eg/En/EgyptOnline/Miscellaneous/000002/0207000000000000001580.htm 261 Rule Egypt 2007 only - Sep Thu>=1 24:00 0 - 262 # From Abdelrahman Hassan (2007-09-06): 263 # Due to the Hijri (lunar Islamic calendar) year being 11 days shorter 264 # than the year of the Gregorian calendar, Ramadan shifts earlier each 265 # year. This year it will be observed September 13 (September is quite 266 # hot in Egypt), and the idea is to make fasting easier for workers by 267 # shifting business hours one hour out of daytime heat. Consequently, 268 # unless discontinued, next DST may end Thursday 28 August 2008. 269 # From Paul Eggert (2007-08-17): 270 # For lack of better info, assume the new rule is last Thursday in August. 271 272 # From Petr Machata (2009-04-06): 273 # The following appeared in Red Hat bugzilla[1] (edited): 274 # 275 # > $ zdump -v /usr/share/zoneinfo/Africa/Cairo | grep 2009 276 # > /usr/share/zoneinfo/Africa/Cairo Thu Apr 23 21:59:59 2009 UTC = Thu = 277 # Apr 23 278 # > 23:59:59 2009 EET isdst=0 gmtoff=7200 279 # > /usr/share/zoneinfo/Africa/Cairo Thu Apr 23 22:00:00 2009 UTC = Fri = 280 # Apr 24 281 # > 01:00:00 2009 EEST isdst=1 gmtoff=10800 282 # > /usr/share/zoneinfo/Africa/Cairo Thu Aug 27 20:59:59 2009 UTC = Thu = 283 # Aug 27 284 # > 23:59:59 2009 EEST isdst=1 gmtoff=10800 285 # > /usr/share/zoneinfo/Africa/Cairo Thu Aug 27 21:00:00 2009 UTC = Thu = 286 # Aug 27 287 # > 23:00:00 2009 EET isdst=0 gmtoff=7200 288 # 289 # > end date should be Thu Sep 24 2009 (Last Thursday in September at 23:59= 290 # :59) 291 # > http://support.microsoft.com/kb/958729/ 292 # 293 # timeanddate[2] and another site I've found[3] also support that. 294 # 295 # [1] https://bugzilla.redhat.com/show_bug.cgi?id=492263 296 # [2] https://www.timeanddate.com/worldclock/clockchange.html?n=53 297 # [3] https://wwp.greenwichmeantime.com/time-zone/africa/egypt/ 298 299 # From Arthur David Olson (2009-04-20): 300 # In 2009 (and for the next several years), Ramadan ends before the fourth 301 # Thursday in September; Egypt is expected to revert to the last Thursday 302 # in September. 303 304 # From Steffen Thorsen (2009-08-11): 305 # We have been able to confirm the August change with the Egyptian Cabinet 306 # Information and Decision Support Center: 307 # https://www.timeanddate.com/news/time/egypt-dst-ends-2009.html 308 # 309 # The Middle East News Agency 310 # https://www.mena.org.eg/index.aspx 311 # also reports "Egypt starts winter time on August 21" 312 # today in article numbered "71, 11/08/2009 12:25 GMT." 313 # Only the title above is available without a subscription to their service, 314 # and can be found by searching for "winter" in their search engine 315 # (at least today). 316 317 # From Alexander Krivenyshev (2010-07-20): 318 # According to News from Egypt - Al-Masry Al-Youm Egypt's cabinet has 319 # decided that Daylight Saving Time will not be used in Egypt during 320 # Ramadan. 321 # 322 # Arabic translation: 323 # "Clocks to go back during Ramadan - and then forward again" 324 # http://www.almasryalyoum.com/en/news/clocks-go-back-during-ramadan-and-then-forward-again 325 # http://www.worldtimezone.com/dst_news/dst_news_egypt02.html 326 327 # From Ahmad El-Dardiry (2014-05-07): 328 # Egypt is to change back to Daylight system on May 15 329 # http://english.ahram.org.eg/NewsContent/1/64/100735/Egypt/Politics-/Egypts-government-to-reapply-daylight-saving-time-.aspx 330 331 # From Gunther Vermier (2014-05-13): 332 # our Egypt office confirms that the change will be at 15 May "midnight" (24:00) 333 334 # From Imed Chihi (2014-06-04): 335 # We have finally "located" a precise official reference about the DST changes 336 # in Egypt. The Ministers Cabinet decision is explained at 337 # http://www.cabinet.gov.eg/Media/CabinetMeetingsDetails.aspx?id=347 ... 338 # [T]his (Arabic) site is not accessible outside Egypt, but the page ... 339 # translates into: "With regard to daylight saving time, it is scheduled to 340 # take effect at exactly twelve o'clock this evening, Thursday, 15 MAY 2014, 341 # to be suspended by twelve o'clock on the evening of Thursday, 26 JUN 2014, 342 # and re-established again at the end of the month of Ramadan, at twelve 343 # o'clock on the evening of Thursday, 31 JUL 2014." This statement has been 344 # reproduced by other (more accessible) sites[, e.g.,]... 345 # http://elgornal.net/news/news.aspx?id=4699258 346 347 # From Steffen Thorsen (2015-04-08): 348 # Egypt will start DST on midnight after Thursday, April 30, 2015. 349 # This is based on a law (no 35) from May 15, 2014 saying it starts the last 350 # Thursday of April.... Clocks will still be turned back for Ramadan, but 351 # dates not yet announced.... 352 # http://almogaz.com/news/weird-news/2015/04/05/1947105 ... 353 # https://www.timeanddate.com/news/time/egypt-starts-dst-2015.html 354 355 # From Ahmed Nazmy (2015-04-20): 356 # Egypt's ministers cabinet just announced ... that it will cancel DST at 357 # least for 2015. 358 # 359 # From Tim Parenti (2015-04-20): 360 # http://english.ahram.org.eg/WriterArticles/NewsContentP/1/128195/Egypt/No-daylight-saving-this-summer-Egypts-prime-minist.aspx 361 # "Egypt's cabinet agreed on Monday not to switch clocks for daylight saving 362 # time this summer, and carry out studies on the possibility of canceling the 363 # practice altogether in future years." 364 # 365 # From Paul Eggert (2015-04-24): 366 # Yesterday the office of Egyptian President El-Sisi announced his 367 # decision to abandon DST permanently. See Ahram Online 2015-04-24. 368 # http://english.ahram.org.eg/NewsContent/1/64/128509/Egypt/Politics-/Sisi-cancels-daylight-saving-time-in-Egypt.aspx 369 370 # From Steffen Thorsen (2016-04-29): 371 # Egypt will have DST from July 7 until the end of October.... 372 # http://english.ahram.org.eg/NewsContentP/1/204655/Egypt/Daylight-savings-time-returning-to-Egypt-on--July.aspx 373 # From Mina Samuel (2016-07-04): 374 # Egyptian government took the decision to cancel the DST, 375 376 # From Ahmad ElDardiry (2023-03-01): 377 # Egypt officially announced today that daylight savings will be 378 # applied from last Friday of April to last Thursday of October. 379 # From Paul Eggert (2023-03-01): 380 # Assume transitions are at 00:00 and 24:00 respectively. 381 # From Amir Adib (2023-03-07): 382 # https://www.facebook.com/EgyptianCabinet/posts/638829614954129/ 383 384 Rule Egypt 2008 only - Aug lastThu 24:00 0 - 385 Rule Egypt 2009 only - Aug 20 24:00 0 - 386 Rule Egypt 2010 only - Aug 10 24:00 0 - 387 Rule Egypt 2010 only - Sep 9 24:00 1:00 S 388 Rule Egypt 2010 only - Sep lastThu 24:00 0 - 389 Rule Egypt 2014 only - May 15 24:00 1:00 S 390 Rule Egypt 2014 only - Jun 26 24:00 0 - 391 Rule Egypt 2014 only - Jul 31 24:00 1:00 S 392 Rule Egypt 2014 only - Sep lastThu 24:00 0 - 393 Rule Egypt 2023 max - Apr lastFri 0:00 1:00 S 394 Rule Egypt 2023 max - Oct lastThu 24:00 0 - 395 396 # Zone NAME STDOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] 397 #STDOFF 2:05:08.9 398 Zone Africa/Cairo 2:05:09 - LMT 1900 Oct 399 2:00 Egypt EE%sT 400 401 # Equatorial Guinea 402 # Zone NAME STDOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] 403 Zone Africa/Malabo 0:35:08 - LMT 1912 404 0:00 - GMT 1963 Dec 15 405 1:00 - WAT 406 407 # Eritrea 408 # Zone NAME STDOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] 409 Zone Africa/Asmara 2:35:32 - LMT 1870 410 2:35:32 - AMT 1890 # Asmara Mean Time 411 2:35:20 - ADMT 1936 May 5 # Adis Dera MT 412 3:00 - EAT 413 414 # Eswatini (formerly Swaziland) 415 # Zone NAME STDOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] 416 Zone Africa/Mbabane 2:04:24 - LMT 1903 Mar 417 2:00 - SAST 418 419 # Ethiopia 420 # Zone NAME STDOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] 421 Zone Africa/Addis_Ababa 2:34:48 - LMT 1870 422 2:35:20 - ADMT 1936 May 5 # Adis Dera MT 423 3:00 - EAT 424 425 # Gabon 426 # Zone NAME STDOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] 427 Zone Africa/Libreville 0:37:48 - LMT 1912 428 1:00 - WAT 429 430 # The Gambia 431 # Zone NAME STDOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] 432 Zone Africa/Banjul -1:06:36 - LMT 1912 433 -1:06:36 - BMT 1933 Apr 1 # Banjul Mean Time 434 -1:00 - -01 1942 Feb 1 0:00 435 0:00 - GMT 436 437 # Ghana 438 # Rule NAME FROM TO - IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S 439 Rule Ghana 1919 only - Nov 24 0:00 0:20 +0020 440 Rule Ghana 1920 1942 - Jan 1 2:00 0 GMT 441 Rule Ghana 1920 1939 - Sep 1 2:00 0:20 +0020 442 Rule Ghana 1940 1941 - May 1 2:00 0:20 +0020 443 Rule Ghana 1950 1955 - Sep 1 2:00 0:30 +0030 444 Rule Ghana 1951 1956 - Jan 1 2:00 0 GMT 445 446 # Zone NAME STDOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] 447 Zone Africa/Accra -0:00:52 - LMT 1915 Nov 2 448 0:00 Ghana %s 1942 Feb 8 449 0:30 - +0030 1946 Jan 6 450 0:00 Ghana %s 451 452 # Guinea 453 # Zone NAME STDOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] 454 Zone Africa/Conakry -0:54:52 - LMT 1912 455 0:00 - GMT 1934 Feb 26 456 -1:00 - -01 1960 457 0:00 - GMT 458 459 # Guinea-Bissau 460 # 461 # From Tim Parenti (2024-07-01), per Paul Eggert (2018-02-16): 462 # For timestamps before independence, see commentary for Europe/Lisbon. 463 # 464 # Zone NAME STDOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] 465 Zone Africa/Bissau -1:02:20 - LMT 1912 Jan 1 1:00u 466 -1:00 - %z 1975 467 0:00 - GMT 468 469 # Kenya 470 471 # From P Chan (2020-10-24): 472 # 473 # The standard time of GMT+2:30 was adopted in the East Africa Protectorate.... 474 # [The Official Gazette, 1908-05-01, p 274] 475 # https://books.google.com/books?id=e-cAC-sjPSEC&pg=PA274 476 # 477 # At midnight on 30 June 1928 the clocks throughout Kenya was put forward 478 # half an hour by the Alteration of Time Ordinance, 1928. 479 # https://gazettes.africa/archive/ke/1928/ke-government-gazette-dated-1928-05-11-no-28.pdf 480 # [Ordinance No. 11 of 1928, The Official Gazette, 1928-06-26, p 813] 481 # https://books.google.com/books?id=2S0S6os32ZUC&pg=PA813 482 # 483 # The 1928 ordinance was repealed by the Alteration of Time (repeal) Ordinance, 484 # 1929 and the time was restored to GMT+2:30 at midnight on 4 January 1930. 485 # [Ordinance No. 97 of 1929, The Official Gazette, 1929-12-31, p 2701] 486 # https://books.google.com/books?id=_g18jIZQlwwC&pg=PA2701 487 # 488 # The Alteration of Time Ordinance, 1936 changed the time to GMT+2:45 489 # and repealed the previous ordinance at midnight on 31 December 1936. 490 # [The Official Gazette, 1936-07-21, p 705] 491 # https://books.google.com/books?id=K7j41z0aC5wC&pg=PA705 492 # 493 # The Defence (Amendment of Laws No. 120) Regulations changed the time 494 # to GMT+3 at midnight on 31 July 1942. 495 # [Kenya Official Gazette Supplement No. 32, 1942-07-21, p 331] 496 # https://books.google.com/books?hl=zh-TW&id=c_E-AQAAIAAJ&pg=PA331 497 # The provision of the 1936 ordinance was not repealed and was later 498 # incorporated in the Interpretation and General Clauses Ordinance in 1948. 499 # Although it was overridden by the 1942 regulations. 500 # [The Laws of Kenya in force on 1948-09-21, Title I, Chapter 1, 31] 501 # https://dds.crl.edu/item/217517 (p.101) 502 # In 1950 the Interpretation and General Clauses Ordinance was amended to adopt 503 # GMT+3 permanently as the 1942 regulations were due to expire on 10 December. 504 # https://books.google.com/books?id=jvR8mUDAwR0C&pg=PA787 505 # [Ordinance No. 44 of 1950, Kenya Ordinances 1950, Vol. XXIX, p 294] 506 # https://books.google.com/books?id=-_dQAQAAMAAJ&pg=PA294 507 508 # From Paul Eggert (2020-10-24): 509 # The 1908-05-01 announcement does not give an effective date, 510 # so just say "1908 May". 511 512 # From Paul Eggert (2018-09-11): 513 # Unfortunately tzdb records only Western clock time in use in Ethiopia, 514 # as the tzdb format is not up to properly recording a common Ethiopian 515 # timekeeping practice that is based on solar time. See: 516 # Mortada D. If you have a meeting in Ethiopia, you'd better double 517 # check the time. PRI's The World. 2015-01-30 15:15 -05. 518 # https://www.pri.org/stories/2015-01-30/if-you-have-meeting-ethiopia-you-better-double-check-time 519 520 # Zone NAME STDOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] 521 Zone Africa/Nairobi 2:27:16 - LMT 1908 May 522 2:30 - %z 1928 Jun 30 24:00 523 3:00 - EAT 1930 Jan 4 24:00 524 2:30 - %z 1936 Dec 31 24:00 525 2:45 - %z 1942 Jul 31 24:00 526 3:00 - EAT 527 528 # Lesotho 529 # Zone NAME STDOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] 530 Zone Africa/Maseru 1:50:00 - LMT 1903 Mar 531 2:00 - SAST 1943 Sep 19 2:00 532 2:00 1:00 SAST 1944 Mar 19 2:00 533 2:00 - SAST 534 535 # Liberia 536 # 537 # From Paul Eggert (2017-03-02): 538 # 539 # The Nautical Almanac for the Year 1970, p 264, is the source for -0:44:30. 540 # 541 # In 1972 Liberia was the last country to switch from a UT offset 542 # that was not a multiple of 15 or 20 minutes. The 1972 change was on 543 # 1972-01-07, according to an entry dated 1972-01-04 on p 330 of: 544 # Presidential Papers: First year of the administration of 545 # President William R. Tolbert, Jr., July 23, 1971-July 31, 1972. 546 # Monrovia: Executive Mansion. 547 # 548 # Use the abbreviation "MMT" before 1972, as the more accurate numeric 549 # abbreviation "-004430" would be one byte over the POSIX limit. 550 # 551 # Zone NAME STDOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] 552 Zone Africa/Monrovia -0:43:08 - LMT 1882 553 -0:43:08 - MMT 1919 Mar # Monrovia Mean Time 554 -0:44:30 - MMT 1972 Jan 7 # approximately MMT 555 0:00 - GMT 556 557 ############################################################################### 558 559 # Libya 560 561 # From Even Scharning (2012-11-10): 562 # Libya set their time one hour back at 02:00 on Saturday November 10. 563 # https://www.libyaherald.com/2012/11/04/clocks-to-go-back-an-hour-on-saturday/ 564 # Here is an official source [in Arabic]: http://ls.ly/fb6Yc 565 # 566 # Steffen Thorsen forwarded a translation (2012-11-10) in 567 # https://mm.icann.org/pipermail/tz/2012-November/018451.html 568 # 569 # From Tim Parenti (2012-11-11): 570 # Treat the 2012-11-10 change as a zone change from UTC+2 to UTC+1. 571 # The DST rules planned for 2013 and onward roughly mirror those of Europe 572 # (either two days before them or five days after them, so as to fall on 573 # lastFri instead of lastSun). 574 575 # From Even Scharning (2013-10-25): 576 # The scheduled end of DST in Libya on Friday, October 25, 2013 was 577 # cancelled yesterday.... 578 # https://www.libyaherald.com/2013/10/24/correction-no-time-change-tomorrow/ 579 # 580 # From Paul Eggert (2013-10-25): 581 # For now, assume they're reverting to the pre-2012 rules of permanent UT +02. 582 583 # Rule NAME FROM TO - IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S 584 Rule Libya 1951 only - Oct 14 2:00 1:00 S 585 Rule Libya 1952 only - Jan 1 0:00 0 - 586 Rule Libya 1953 only - Oct 9 2:00 1:00 S 587 Rule Libya 1954 only - Jan 1 0:00 0 - 588 Rule Libya 1955 only - Sep 30 0:00 1:00 S 589 Rule Libya 1956 only - Jan 1 0:00 0 - 590 Rule Libya 1982 1984 - Apr 1 0:00 1:00 S 591 Rule Libya 1982 1985 - Oct 1 0:00 0 - 592 Rule Libya 1985 only - Apr 6 0:00 1:00 S 593 Rule Libya 1986 only - Apr 4 0:00 1:00 S 594 Rule Libya 1986 only - Oct 3 0:00 0 - 595 Rule Libya 1987 1989 - Apr 1 0:00 1:00 S 596 Rule Libya 1987 1989 - Oct 1 0:00 0 - 597 Rule Libya 1997 only - Apr 4 0:00 1:00 S 598 Rule Libya 1997 only - Oct 4 0:00 0 - 599 Rule Libya 2013 only - Mar lastFri 1:00 1:00 S 600 Rule Libya 2013 only - Oct lastFri 2:00 0 - 601 # Zone NAME STDOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] 602 Zone Africa/Tripoli 0:52:44 - LMT 1920 603 1:00 Libya CE%sT 1959 604 2:00 - EET 1982 605 1:00 Libya CE%sT 1990 May 4 606 # The 1996 and 1997 entries are from Shanks & Pottenger; 607 # the IATA SSIM data entries contain some obvious errors. 608 2:00 - EET 1996 Sep 30 609 1:00 Libya CE%sT 1997 Oct 4 610 2:00 - EET 2012 Nov 10 2:00 611 1:00 Libya CE%sT 2013 Oct 25 2:00 612 2:00 - EET 613 614 # Madagascar 615 # Zone NAME STDOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] 616 Zone Indian/Antananarivo 3:10:04 - LMT 1911 Jul 617 3:00 - EAT 1954 Feb 27 23:00s 618 3:00 1:00 EAST 1954 May 29 23:00s 619 3:00 - EAT 620 621 # Malawi 622 # Zone NAME STDOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] 623 Zone Africa/Blantyre 2:20:00 - LMT 1911 Jul 24 624 2:21:10 - ZMT 1914 Jun 30 # Zomba Mean Time 625 2:21 - ZMT 1925 Jul 1 626 2:00 - CAT 627 628 # Mali 629 # Zone NAME STDOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] 630 Zone Africa/Bamako -0:32:00 - LMT 1912 631 0:00 - GMT 1934 Feb 26 632 -1:00 - -01 1960 Jun 20 633 0:00 - GMT 634 #PACKRATLIST zone.tab Link Africa/Bamako Africa/Timbuktu 635 636 # Mauritania 637 # Zone NAME STDOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] 638 Zone Africa/Nouakchott -1:03:48 - LMT 1912 639 0:00 - GMT 1934 Feb 26 640 -1:00 - -01 1960 Nov 28 641 0:00 - GMT 642 643 # Mauritius 644 645 # From Steffen Thorsen (2008-06-25): 646 # Mauritius plans to observe DST from 2008-11-01 to 2009-03-31 on a trial 647 # basis.... 648 # It seems that Mauritius observed daylight saving time from 1982-10-10 to 649 # 1983-03-20 as well, but that was not successful.... 650 # https://www.timeanddate.com/news/time/mauritius-daylight-saving-time.html 651 652 # From Alex Krivenyshev (2008-06-25): 653 # http://economicdevelopment.gov.mu/portal/site/Mainhomepage/menuitem.a42b24128104d9845dabddd154508a0c/?content_id=0a7cee8b5d69a110VgnVCM1000000a04a8c0RCRD 654 655 # From Arthur David Olson (2008-06-30): 656 # The www.timeanddate.com article cited by Steffen Thorsen notes that "A 657 # final decision has yet to be made on the times that daylight saving 658 # would begin and end on these dates." As a place holder, use midnight. 659 660 # From Paul Eggert (2008-06-30): 661 # Follow Thorsen on DST in 1982/1983, instead of Shanks & Pottenger. 662 663 # From Steffen Thorsen (2008-07-10): 664 # According to 665 # http://www.lexpress.mu/display_article.php?news_id=111216 666 # (in French), Mauritius will start and end their DST a few days earlier 667 # than previously announced (2008-11-01 to 2009-03-31). The new start 668 # date is 2008-10-26 at 02:00 and the new end date is 2009-03-27 (no time 669 # given, but it is probably at either 2 or 3 wall clock time). 670 # 671 # A little strange though, since the article says that they moved the date 672 # to align itself with Europe and USA which also change time on that date, 673 # but that means they have not paid attention to what happened in 674 # USA/Canada last year (DST ends first Sunday in November). I also wonder 675 # why that they end on a Friday, instead of aligning with Europe which 676 # changes two days later. 677 678 # From Alex Krivenyshev (2008-07-11): 679 # Seems that English language article "The revival of daylight saving 680 # time: Energy conservation?"- No. 16578 (07/11/2008) was originally 681 # published on Monday, June 30, 2008... 682 # 683 # I guess that article in French "Le gouvernement avance l'introduction 684 # de l'heure d't" stating that DST in Mauritius starting on October 26 685 # and ending on March 27, 2009 is the most recent one.... 686 # http://www.worldtimezone.com/dst_news/dst_news_mauritius02.html 687 688 # From Riad M. Hossen Ally (2008-08-03): 689 # The Government of Mauritius weblink 690 # http://www.gov.mu/portal/site/pmosite/menuitem.4ca0efdee47462e7440a600248a521ca/?content_id=4728ca68b2a5b110VgnVCM1000000a04a8c0RCRD 691 # Cabinet Decision of July 18th, 2008 states as follows: 692 # 693 # 4. ...Cabinet has agreed to the introduction into the National Assembly 694 # of the Time Bill which provides for the introduction of summer time in 695 # Mauritius. The summer time period which will be of one hour ahead of 696 # the standard time, will be aligned with that in Europe and the United 697 # States of America. It will start at two o'clock in the morning on the 698 # last Sunday of October and will end at two o'clock in the morning on 699 # the last Sunday of March the following year. The summer time for the 700 # year 2008-2009 will, therefore, be effective as from 26 October 2008 701 # and end on 29 March 2009. 702 703 # From Ed Maste (2008-10-07): 704 # THE TIME BILL (No. XXVII of 2008) Explanatory Memorandum states the 705 # beginning / ending of summer time is 2 o'clock standard time in the 706 # morning of the last Sunday of October / last Sunday of March. 707 # http://www.gov.mu/portal/goc/assemblysite/file/bill2708.pdf 708 709 # From Steffen Thorsen (2009-06-05): 710 # According to several sources, Mauritius will not continue to observe 711 # DST the coming summer... 712 # 713 # Some sources, in French: 714 # http://www.defimedia.info/news/946/Rashid-Beebeejaun-:--L%E2%80%99heure-d%E2%80%99t-ne-sera-pas-applique-cette-anne- 715 # http://lexpress.mu/Story/3398~Beebeejaun---Les-objectifs-d-conomie-d-nergie-de-l-heure-d-t-ont-t-atteints- 716 # 717 # Our wrap-up: 718 # https://www.timeanddate.com/news/time/mauritius-dst-will-not-repeat.html 719 720 # From Arthur David Olson (2009-07-11): 721 # The "mauritius-dst-will-not-repeat" wrapup includes this: 722 # "The trial ended on March 29, 2009, when the clocks moved back by one hour 723 # at 2am (or 02:00) local time..." 724 725 # Rule NAME FROM TO - IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S 726 Rule Mauritius 1982 only - Oct 10 0:00 1:00 - 727 Rule Mauritius 1983 only - Mar 21 0:00 0 - 728 Rule Mauritius 2008 only - Oct lastSun 2:00 1:00 - 729 Rule Mauritius 2009 only - Mar lastSun 2:00 0 - 730 # Zone NAME STDOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] 731 Zone Indian/Mauritius 3:50:00 - LMT 1907 # Port Louis 732 4:00 Mauritius %z 733 # Agalega Is, Rodriguez 734 # no information; probably like Indian/Mauritius 735 736 737 # Morocco 738 # See Africa/Ceuta for Spanish Morocco. 739 740 # Mayotte 741 # Zone NAME STDOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] 742 Zone Indian/Mayotte 3:00:56 - LMT 1911 Jul # Mamoutzou 743 3:00 - EAT 744 745 # Morocco 746 747 # From Alex Krivenyshev (2008-05-09): 748 # Here is an article that Morocco plan to introduce Daylight Saving Time between 749 # 1 June, 2008 and 27 September, 2008. 750 # 751 # "... Morocco is to save energy by adjusting its clock during summer so it will 752 # be one hour ahead of GMT between 1 June and 27 September, according to 753 # Communication Minister and Government Spokesman, Khalid Naciri...." 754 # 755 # http://www.worldtimezone.com/dst_news/dst_news_morocco01.html 756 # http://en.afrik.com/news11892.html 757 758 # From Alex Krivenyshev (2008-05-09): 759 # The Morocco time change can be confirmed on Morocco web site Maghreb Arabe 760 # Presse: 761 # http://www.map.ma/eng/sections/box3/morocco_shifts_to_da/view 762 # 763 # Morocco shifts to daylight time on June 1st through September 27, Govt. 764 # spokesman. 765 766 # From Patrice Scattolin (2008-05-09): 767 # According to this article: 768 # https://www.avmaroc.com/actualite/heure-dete-comment-a127896.html 769 # (and republished here: <http://www.actu.ma/heure-dete-comment_i127896_0.html>) 770 # the changes occur at midnight: 771 # 772 # Saturday night May 31st at midnight (which in French is to be 773 # interpreted as the night between Saturday and Sunday) 774 # Sunday night the 28th at midnight 775 # 776 # Seeing that the 28th is Monday, I am guessing that she intends to say 777 # the midnight of the 28th which is the midnight between Sunday and 778 # Monday, which jives with other sources that say that it's inclusive 779 # June 1st to Sept 27th. 780 # 781 # The decision was taken by decree *2-08-224 *but I can't find the decree 782 # published on the web. 783 # 784 # It's also confirmed here: 785 # http://www.maroc.ma/NR/exeres/FACF141F-D910-44B0-B7FA-6E03733425D1.htm 786 # on a government portal as being between June 1st and Sept 27th (not yet 787 # posted in English). 788 # 789 # The following Google query will generate many relevant hits: 790 # https://www.google.com/search?hl=en&q=Conseil+de+gouvernement+maroc+heure+avance&btnG=Search 791 792 # From Steffen Thorsen (2008-08-27): 793 # Morocco will change the clocks back on the midnight between August 31 794 # and September 1. They originally planned to observe DST to near the end 795 # of September: 796 # 797 # One article about it (in French): 798 # http://www.menara.ma/fr/Actualites/Maroc/Societe/ci.retour_a_l_heure_gmt_a_partir_du_dimanche_31_aout_a_minuit_officiel_.default 799 # 800 # We have some further details posted here: 801 # https://www.timeanddate.com/news/time/morocco-ends-dst-early-2008.html 802 803 # From Steffen Thorsen (2009-03-17): 804 # Morocco will observe DST from 2009-06-01 00:00 to 2009-08-21 00:00 according 805 # to many sources, such as 806 # http://news.marweb.com/morocco/entertainment/morocco-daylight-saving.html 807 # http://www.medi1sat.ma/fr/depeche.aspx?idp=2312 808 # (French) 809 # 810 # Our summary: 811 # https://www.timeanddate.com/news/time/morocco-starts-dst-2009.html 812 813 # From Alexander Krivenyshev (2009-03-17): 814 # Here is a link to official document from Royaume du Maroc Premier Ministre, 815 # Ministre de la Modernisation des Secteurs Publics 816 # 817 # Under Article 1 of Royal Decree No. 455-67 of Act 23 safar 1387 (2 June 1967) 818 # concerning the amendment of the legal time, the Ministry of Modernization of 819 # Public Sectors announced that the official time in the Kingdom will be 820 # advanced 60 minutes from Sunday 31 May 2009 at midnight. 821 # 822 # http://www.mmsp.gov.ma/francais/Actualites_fr/PDF_Actualites_Fr/HeureEte_FR.pdf 823 # http://www.worldtimezone.com/dst_news/dst_news_morocco03.html 824 825 # From Steffen Thorsen (2010-04-13): 826 # Several news media in Morocco report that the Ministry of Modernization 827 # of Public Sectors has announced that Morocco will have DST from 828 # 2010-05-02 to 2010-08-08. 829 # 830 # Example: 831 # http://www.lavieeco.com/actualites/4099-le-maroc-passera-a-l-heure-d-ete-gmt1-le-2-mai.html 832 # (French) 833 # Our page: 834 # https://www.timeanddate.com/news/time/morocco-starts-dst-2010.html 835 836 # From Dan Abitol (2011-03-30): 837 # ...Rules for Africa/Casablanca are the following (24h format) 838 # The 3rd April 2011 at 00:00:00, [it] will be 3rd April 01:00:00 839 # The 31st July 2011 at 00:59:59, [it] will be 31st July 00:00:00 840 # ...Official links of change in morocco 841 # The change was broadcast on the FM Radio 842 # I ve called ANRT (telecom regulations in Morocco) at 843 # +212.537.71.84.00 844 # http://www.anrt.net.ma/fr/ 845 # They said that 846 # http://www.map.ma/fr/sections/accueil/l_heure_legale_au_ma/view 847 # is the official publication to look at. 848 # They said that the decision was already taken. 849 # 850 # More articles in the press 851 # https://www.yabiladi.com/articles/details/5058/secret-l-heure-d-ete-maroc-leve.html 852 # http://www.lematin.ma/Actualite/Express/Article.asp?id=148923 853 # http://www.lavieeco.com/actualite/Le-Maroc-passe-sur-GMT+1-a-partir-de-dim 854 855 # From Petr Machata (2011-03-30): 856 # They have it written in English here: 857 # http://www.map.ma/eng/sections/home/morocco_to_spring_fo/view 858 # 859 # It says there that "Morocco will resume its standard time on July 31, 860 # 2011 at midnight." Now they don't say whether they mean midnight of 861 # wall clock time (i.e. 11pm UTC), but that's what I would assume. It has 862 # also been like that in the past. 863 864 # From Alexander Krivenyshev (2012-03-09): 865 # According to Infomdiaire web site from Morocco (infomediaire.ma), 866 # on March 9, 2012, (in French) Heure lgale: 867 # Le Maroc adopte officiellement l'heure d't 868 # http://www.infomediaire.ma/news/maroc/heure-lgale-le-maroc-adopte-officiellement-lheure-dt 869 # Governing Council adopted draft decree, that Morocco DST starts on 870 # the last Sunday of March (March 25, 2012) and ends on 871 # last Sunday of September (September 30, 2012) 872 # except the month of Ramadan. 873 # or (brief) 874 # http://www.worldtimezone.com/dst_news/dst_news_morocco06.html 875 876 # From Arthur David Olson (2012-03-10): 877 # The infomediaire.ma source indicates that the system is to be in 878 # effect every year. It gives 03H00 as the "fall back" time of day; 879 # it lacks a "spring forward" time of day; assume 2:00 XXX. 880 # Wait on specifying the Ramadan exception for details about 881 # start date, start time of day, end date, and end time of day XXX. 882 883 # From Christophe Tropamer (2012-03-16): 884 # Seen Morocco change again: 885 # http://www.le2uminutes.com/actualite.php 886 # "... partir du dernier dimanche d'avril et non fins mars, 887 # comme annonc prcdemment." 888 889 # From Milamber Space Network (2012-07-17): 890 # The official return to GMT is announced by the Moroccan government: 891 # http://www.mmsp.gov.ma/fr/actualites.aspx?id=288 [in French] 892 # 893 # Google translation, lightly edited: 894 # Back to the standard time of the Kingdom (GMT) 895 # Pursuant to Decree No. 2-12-126 issued on 26 Jumada (I) 1433 (April 18, 896 # 2012) and in accordance with the order of Mr. President of the 897 # Government No. 3-47-12 issued on 24 Sha'ban (11 July 2012), the Ministry 898 # of Public Service and Administration Modernization announces the return 899 # of the legal time of the Kingdom (GMT) from Friday, July 20, 2012 until 900 # Monday, August 20, 2012. So the time will be delayed by 60 minutes from 901 # 3:00 am Friday, July 20, 2012 and will again be advanced by 60 minutes 902 # August 20, 2012 from 2:00 am. 903 904 # From Paul Eggert (2013-03-06): 905 # Morocco's daylight-saving transitions due to Ramadan seem to be 906 # announced a bit in advance. On 2012-07-11 the Moroccan government 907 # announced that year's Ramadan daylight-saving transitions would be 908 # 2012-07-20 and 2012-08-20; see 909 # http://www.mmsp.gov.ma/fr/actualites.aspx?id=288 910 911 # From Andrew Paprocki (2013-07-02): 912 # Morocco announced that the year's Ramadan daylight-savings 913 # transitions would be 2013-07-07 and 2013-08-10; see: 914 # http://www.maroc.ma/en/news/morocco-suspends-daylight-saving-time-july-7-aug10 915 916 # From Steffen Thorsen (2013-09-28): 917 # Morocco extends DST by one month, on very short notice, just 1 day 918 # before it was going to end. There is a new decree (2.13.781) for 919 # this, where DST from now on goes from last Sunday of March at 02:00 920 # to last Sunday of October at 03:00, similar to EU rules. Official 921 # source (French): 922 # http://www.maroc.gov.ma/fr/actualites/lhoraire-dete-gmt1-maintenu-jusquau-27-octobre-2013 923 # Another source (specifying the time for start and end in the decree): 924 # http://www.lemag.ma/Heure-d-ete-au-Maroc-jusqu-au-27-octobre_a75620.html 925 926 # From Sebastien Willemijns (2014-03-18): 927 # http://www.afriquinfos.com/articles/2014/3/18/maroc-heure-dete-avancez-tous-horloges-247891.asp 928 929 # From Milamber Space Network (2014-06-05): 930 # The Moroccan government has recently announced that the country will return 931 # to standard time at 03:00 on Saturday, June 28, 2014 local time.... DST 932 # will resume again at 02:00 on Saturday, August 2, 2014.... 933 # http://www.mmsp.gov.ma/fr/actualites.aspx?id=586 934 935 # From Milamber (2015-06-08): 936 # (Google Translation) The hour will thus be delayed 60 minutes 937 # Sunday, June 14 at 3:00, the ministry said in a statement, adding 938 # that the time will be advanced again 60 minutes Sunday, July 19, 939 # 2015 at 2:00. The move comes under 2.12.126 Decree of 26 Jumada I 940 # 1433 (18 April 2012) and the decision of the Head of Government of 941 # 16 N. 3-29-15 Chaaban 1435 (4 June 2015). 942 # Source (french): 943 # https://lnt.ma/le-maroc-reculera-dune-heure-le-dimanche-14-juin/ 944 # 945 # From Milamber (2015-06-09): 946 # http://www.mmsp.gov.ma/fr/actualites.aspx?id=863 947 # 948 # From Michael Deckers (2015-06-09): 949 # [The gov.ma announcement] would (probably) make the switch on 2015-07-19 go 950 # from 03:00 to 04:00 rather than from 02:00 to 03:00, as in the patch.... 951 # I think the patch is correct and the quoted text is wrong; the text in 952 # <https://lnt.ma/le-maroc-reculera-dune-heure-le-dimanche-14-juin/> agrees 953 # with the patch. 954 955 # From Mohamed Essedik Najd (2018-10-26): 956 # Today, a Moroccan government council approved the perpetual addition 957 # of 60 minutes to the regular Moroccan timezone. 958 # From Matt Johnson (2018-10-28): 959 # http://www.sgg.gov.ma/Portals/1/BO/2018/BO_6720-bis_Ar.pdf 960 # 961 # From Maamar Abdelkader (2018-11-01): 962 # We usually move clocks back the previous week end and come back to the +1 963 # the week end after.... The government does not announce yet the decision 964 # about this temporary change. But it s 99% sure that it will be the case, 965 # as in previous years. An unofficial survey was done these days, showing 966 # that 64% of asked people are ok for moving from +1 to +0 during Ramadan. 967 # https://leconomiste.com/article/1035870-enquete-l-economiste-sunergia-64-des-marocains-plebiscitent-le-gmt-pendant-ramadan 968 969 # From Naoufal Semlali (2019-04-16): 970 # Morocco will be on GMT starting from Sunday, May 5th 2019 at 3am. 971 # The switch to GMT+1 will occur on Sunday, June 9th 2019 at 2am.... 972 # http://fr.le360.ma/societe/voici-la-date-du-retour-a-lheure-legale-au-maroc-188222 973 974 # From Semlali Naoufal (2020-04-14): 975 # Following the announcement by the Moroccan government, the switch to 976 # GMT time will take place on Sunday, April 19, 2020 from 3 a.m. and 977 # the return to GMT+1 time will take place on Sunday, May 31, 2020 at 2 a.m.... 978 # https://maroc-diplomatique.net/maroc-le-retour-a-lheure-gmt-est-prevu-dimanche-prochain/ 979 # http://aujourdhui.ma/actualite/gmt1-retour-a-lheure-normale-dimanche-prochain-1 980 # 981 # From Milamber (2020-05-31) 982 # In Morocco (where I live), the end of Ramadan (Arabic month) is followed by 983 # the Eid al-Fitr, and concretely it's 1 or 2 day offs for the people (with 984 # traditional visiting of family, big lunches/dinners, etc.). So for this 985 # year the astronomical calculations don't include the following 2 days off in 986 # the calc. These 2 days fall in a Sunday/Monday, so it's not acceptable by 987 # people to have a time shift during these 2 days off. Perhaps you can modify 988 # the (predicted) rules for next years: if the end of Ramadan is a (probable) 989 # Friday or Saturday (and so the 2 days off are on a weekend), the next time 990 # shift will be the next weekend. 991 # 992 # From Milamber (2021-03-31, 2022-03-10): 993 # https://www.mmsp.gov.ma/fr/actualites.aspx?id=2076 994 # https://www.ecoactu.ma/horaires-administration-ramadan-gmtheure-gmt-a-partir-de-dimanche-27-mars/ 995 # 996 # From Milamber (2023-03-14, 2023-03-15): 997 # The return to legal GMT time will take place this Sunday, March 19 at 3 a.m. 998 # ... the return to GMT+1 will be made on Sunday April 23, 2023 at 2 a.m. 999 # https://www.mmsp.gov.ma/fr/actualites/passage--l%E2%80%99heure-gmt--partir-du-dimanche-19-mars-2023 1000 # 1001 # From Paul Eggert (2023-03-14): 1002 # For now, guess that in the future Morocco will fall back at 03:00 1003 # the last Sunday before Ramadan, and spring forward at 02:00 the 1004 # first Sunday after one day after Ramadan. To implement this, 1005 # transition dates and times for 2019 through 2087 were determined by 1006 # running the following program under GNU Emacs 28.2. (This algorithm 1007 # also produces the correct transition dates for 2016 through 2018, 1008 # though the times differ due to Morocco's time zone change in 2018.) 1009 # (let ((islamic-year 1440)) 1010 # (require 'cal-islam) 1011 # (while (< islamic-year 1511) 1012 # (let ((a (calendar-islamic-to-absolute (list 9 1 islamic-year))) 1013 # (b (+ 1 (calendar-islamic-to-absolute (list 10 1 islamic-year)))) 1014 # (sunday 0)) 1015 # (while (/= sunday (mod (setq a (1- a)) 7))) 1016 # (while (/= sunday (mod b 7)) 1017 # (setq b (1+ b))) 1018 # (setq a (calendar-gregorian-from-absolute a)) 1019 # (setq b (calendar-gregorian-from-absolute b)) 1020 # (insert 1021 # (format 1022 # (concat "Rule\tMorocco\t%d\tonly\t-\t%s\t%2d\t 3:00\t-1:00\t-\n" 1023 # "Rule\tMorocco\t%d\tonly\t-\t%s\t%2d\t 2:00\t0\t-\n") 1024 # (car (cdr (cdr a))) (calendar-month-name (car a) t) (car (cdr a)) 1025 # (car (cdr (cdr b))) (calendar-month-name (car b) t) (car (cdr b))))) 1026 # (setq islamic-year (+ 1 islamic-year)))) 1027 1028 # Rule NAME FROM TO - IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S 1029 Rule Morocco 1939 only - Sep 12 0:00 1:00 - 1030 Rule Morocco 1939 only - Nov 19 0:00 0 - 1031 Rule Morocco 1940 only - Feb 25 0:00 1:00 - 1032 Rule Morocco 1945 only - Nov 18 0:00 0 - 1033 Rule Morocco 1950 only - Jun 11 0:00 1:00 - 1034 Rule Morocco 1950 only - Oct 29 0:00 0 - 1035 Rule Morocco 1967 only - Jun 3 12:00 1:00 - 1036 Rule Morocco 1967 only - Oct 1 0:00 0 - 1037 Rule Morocco 1974 only - Jun 24 0:00 1:00 - 1038 Rule Morocco 1974 only - Sep 1 0:00 0 - 1039 Rule Morocco 1976 1977 - May 1 0:00 1:00 - 1040 Rule Morocco 1976 only - Aug 1 0:00 0 - 1041 Rule Morocco 1977 only - Sep 28 0:00 0 - 1042 Rule Morocco 1978 only - Jun 1 0:00 1:00 - 1043 Rule Morocco 1978 only - Aug 4 0:00 0 - 1044 Rule Morocco 2008 only - Jun 1 0:00 1:00 - 1045 Rule Morocco 2008 only - Sep 1 0:00 0 - 1046 Rule Morocco 2009 only - Jun 1 0:00 1:00 - 1047 Rule Morocco 2009 only - Aug 21 0:00 0 - 1048 Rule Morocco 2010 only - May 2 0:00 1:00 - 1049 Rule Morocco 2010 only - Aug 8 0:00 0 - 1050 Rule Morocco 2011 only - Apr 3 0:00 1:00 - 1051 Rule Morocco 2011 only - Jul 31 0:00 0 - 1052 Rule Morocco 2012 2013 - Apr lastSun 2:00 1:00 - 1053 Rule Morocco 2012 only - Jul 20 3:00 0 - 1054 Rule Morocco 2012 only - Aug 20 2:00 1:00 - 1055 Rule Morocco 2012 only - Sep 30 3:00 0 - 1056 Rule Morocco 2013 only - Jul 7 3:00 0 - 1057 Rule Morocco 2013 only - Aug 10 2:00 1:00 - 1058 Rule Morocco 2013 2018 - Oct lastSun 3:00 0 - 1059 Rule Morocco 2014 2018 - Mar lastSun 2:00 1:00 - 1060 Rule Morocco 2014 only - Jun 28 3:00 0 - 1061 Rule Morocco 2014 only - Aug 2 2:00 1:00 - 1062 Rule Morocco 2015 only - Jun 14 3:00 0 - 1063 Rule Morocco 2015 only - Jul 19 2:00 1:00 - 1064 Rule Morocco 2016 only - Jun 5 3:00 0 - 1065 Rule Morocco 2016 only - Jul 10 2:00 1:00 - 1066 Rule Morocco 2017 only - May 21 3:00 0 - 1067 Rule Morocco 2017 only - Jul 2 2:00 1:00 - 1068 Rule Morocco 2018 only - May 13 3:00 0 - 1069 Rule Morocco 2018 only - Jun 17 2:00 1:00 - 1070 Rule Morocco 2019 only - May 5 3:00 -1:00 - 1071 Rule Morocco 2019 only - Jun 9 2:00 0 - 1072 Rule Morocco 2020 only - Apr 19 3:00 -1:00 - 1073 Rule Morocco 2020 only - May 31 2:00 0 - 1074 Rule Morocco 2021 only - Apr 11 3:00 -1:00 - 1075 Rule Morocco 2021 only - May 16 2:00 0 - 1076 Rule Morocco 2022 only - Mar 27 3:00 -1:00 - 1077 Rule Morocco 2022 only - May 8 2:00 0 - 1078 Rule Morocco 2023 only - Mar 19 3:00 -1:00 - 1079 Rule Morocco 2023 only - Apr 23 2:00 0 - 1080 Rule Morocco 2024 only - Mar 10 3:00 -1:00 - 1081 Rule Morocco 2024 only - Apr 14 2:00 0 - 1082 Rule Morocco 2025 only - Feb 23 3:00 -1:00 - 1083 Rule Morocco 2025 only - Apr 6 2:00 0 - 1084 Rule Morocco 2026 only - Feb 15 3:00 -1:00 - 1085 Rule Morocco 2026 only - Mar 22 2:00 0 - 1086 Rule Morocco 2027 only - Feb 7 3:00 -1:00 - 1087 Rule Morocco 2027 only - Mar 14 2:00 0 - 1088 Rule Morocco 2028 only - Jan 23 3:00 -1:00 - 1089 Rule Morocco 2028 only - Mar 5 2:00 0 - 1090 Rule Morocco 2029 only - Jan 14 3:00 -1:00 - 1091 Rule Morocco 2029 only - Feb 18 2:00 0 - 1092 Rule Morocco 2029 only - Dec 30 3:00 -1:00 - 1093 Rule Morocco 2030 only - Feb 10 2:00 0 - 1094 Rule Morocco 2030 only - Dec 22 3:00 -1:00 - 1095 Rule Morocco 2031 only - Jan 26 2:00 0 - 1096 Rule Morocco 2031 only - Dec 14 3:00 -1:00 - 1097 Rule Morocco 2032 only - Jan 18 2:00 0 - 1098 Rule Morocco 2032 only - Nov 28 3:00 -1:00 - 1099 Rule Morocco 2033 only - Jan 9 2:00 0 - 1100 Rule Morocco 2033 only - Nov 20 3:00 -1:00 - 1101 Rule Morocco 2033 only - Dec 25 2:00 0 - 1102 Rule Morocco 2034 only - Nov 5 3:00 -1:00 - 1103 Rule Morocco 2034 only - Dec 17 2:00 0 - 1104 Rule Morocco 2035 only - Oct 28 3:00 -1:00 - 1105 Rule Morocco 2035 only - Dec 9 2:00 0 - 1106 Rule Morocco 2036 only - Oct 19 3:00 -1:00 - 1107 Rule Morocco 2036 only - Nov 23 2:00 0 - 1108 Rule Morocco 2037 only - Oct 4 3:00 -1:00 - 1109 Rule Morocco 2037 only - Nov 15 2:00 0 - 1110 Rule Morocco 2038 only - Sep 26 3:00 -1:00 - 1111 Rule Morocco 2038 only - Oct 31 2:00 0 - 1112 Rule Morocco 2039 only - Sep 18 3:00 -1:00 - 1113 Rule Morocco 2039 only - Oct 23 2:00 0 - 1114 Rule Morocco 2040 only - Sep 2 3:00 -1:00 - 1115 Rule Morocco 2040 only - Oct 14 2:00 0 - 1116 Rule Morocco 2041 only - Aug 25 3:00 -1:00 - 1117 Rule Morocco 2041 only - Sep 29 2:00 0 - 1118 Rule Morocco 2042 only - Aug 10 3:00 -1:00 - 1119 Rule Morocco 2042 only - Sep 21 2:00 0 - 1120 Rule Morocco 2043 only - Aug 2 3:00 -1:00 - 1121 Rule Morocco 2043 only - Sep 13 2:00 0 - 1122 Rule Morocco 2044 only - Jul 24 3:00 -1:00 - 1123 Rule Morocco 2044 only - Aug 28 2:00 0 - 1124 Rule Morocco 2045 only - Jul 9 3:00 -1:00 - 1125 Rule Morocco 2045 only - Aug 20 2:00 0 - 1126 Rule Morocco 2046 only - Jul 1 3:00 -1:00 - 1127 Rule Morocco 2046 only - Aug 5 2:00 0 - 1128 Rule Morocco 2047 only - Jun 23 3:00 -1:00 - 1129 Rule Morocco 2047 only - Jul 28 2:00 0 - 1130 Rule Morocco 2048 only - Jun 7 3:00 -1:00 - 1131 Rule Morocco 2048 only - Jul 19 2:00 0 - 1132 Rule Morocco 2049 only - May 30 3:00 -1:00 - 1133 Rule Morocco 2049 only - Jul 4 2:00 0 - 1134 Rule Morocco 2050 only - May 15 3:00 -1:00 - 1135 Rule Morocco 2050 only - Jun 26 2:00 0 - 1136 Rule Morocco 2051 only - May 7 3:00 -1:00 - 1137 Rule Morocco 2051 only - Jun 18 2:00 0 - 1138 Rule Morocco 2052 only - Apr 28 3:00 -1:00 - 1139 Rule Morocco 2052 only - Jun 2 2:00 0 - 1140 Rule Morocco 2053 only - Apr 13 3:00 -1:00 - 1141 Rule Morocco 2053 only - May 25 2:00 0 - 1142 Rule Morocco 2054 only - Apr 5 3:00 -1:00 - 1143 Rule Morocco 2054 only - May 10 2:00 0 - 1144 Rule Morocco 2055 only - Mar 28 3:00 -1:00 - 1145 Rule Morocco 2055 only - May 2 2:00 0 - 1146 Rule Morocco 2056 only - Mar 12 3:00 -1:00 - 1147 Rule Morocco 2056 only - Apr 23 2:00 0 - 1148 Rule Morocco 2057 only - Mar 4 3:00 -1:00 - 1149 Rule Morocco 2057 only - Apr 8 2:00 0 - 1150 Rule Morocco 2058 only - Feb 17 3:00 -1:00 - 1151 Rule Morocco 2058 only - Mar 31 2:00 0 - 1152 Rule Morocco 2059 only - Feb 9 3:00 -1:00 - 1153 Rule Morocco 2059 only - Mar 23 2:00 0 - 1154 Rule Morocco 2060 only - Feb 1 3:00 -1:00 - 1155 Rule Morocco 2060 only - Mar 7 2:00 0 - 1156 Rule Morocco 2061 only - Jan 16 3:00 -1:00 - 1157 Rule Morocco 2061 only - Feb 27 2:00 0 - 1158 Rule Morocco 2062 only - Jan 8 3:00 -1:00 - 1159 Rule Morocco 2062 only - Feb 12 2:00 0 - 1160 Rule Morocco 2062 only - Dec 31 3:00 -1:00 - 1161 Rule Morocco 2063 only - Feb 4 2:00 0 - 1162 Rule Morocco 2063 only - Dec 16 3:00 -1:00 - 1163 Rule Morocco 2064 only - Jan 27 2:00 0 - 1164 Rule Morocco 2064 only - Dec 7 3:00 -1:00 - 1165 Rule Morocco 2065 only - Jan 11 2:00 0 - 1166 Rule Morocco 2065 only - Nov 22 3:00 -1:00 - 1167 Rule Morocco 2066 only - Jan 3 2:00 0 - 1168 Rule Morocco 2066 only - Nov 14 3:00 -1:00 - 1169 Rule Morocco 2066 only - Dec 26 2:00 0 - 1170 Rule Morocco 2067 only - Nov 6 3:00 -1:00 - 1171 Rule Morocco 2067 only - Dec 11 2:00 0 - 1172 Rule Morocco 2068 only - Oct 21 3:00 -1:00 - 1173 Rule Morocco 2068 only - Dec 2 2:00 0 - 1174 Rule Morocco 2069 only - Oct 13 3:00 -1:00 - 1175 Rule Morocco 2069 only - Nov 17 2:00 0 - 1176 Rule Morocco 2070 only - Oct 5 3:00 -1:00 - 1177 Rule Morocco 2070 only - Nov 9 2:00 0 - 1178 Rule Morocco 2071 only - Sep 20 3:00 -1:00 - 1179 Rule Morocco 2071 only - Nov 1 2:00 0 - 1180 Rule Morocco 2072 only - Sep 11 3:00 -1:00 - 1181 Rule Morocco 2072 only - Oct 16 2:00 0 - 1182 Rule Morocco 2073 only - Aug 27 3:00 -1:00 - 1183 Rule Morocco 2073 only - Oct 8 2:00 0 - 1184 Rule Morocco 2074 only - Aug 19 3:00 -1:00 - 1185 Rule Morocco 2074 only - Sep 30 2:00 0 - 1186 Rule Morocco 2075 only - Aug 11 3:00 -1:00 - 1187 Rule Morocco 2075 only - Sep 15 2:00 0 - 1188 Rule Morocco 2076 only - Jul 26 3:00 -1:00 - 1189 Rule Morocco 2076 only - Sep 6 2:00 0 - 1190 Rule Morocco 2077 only - Jul 18 3:00 -1:00 - 1191 Rule Morocco 2077 only - Aug 22 2:00 0 - 1192 Rule Morocco 2078 only - Jul 10 3:00 -1:00 - 1193 Rule Morocco 2078 only - Aug 14 2:00 0 - 1194 Rule Morocco 2079 only - Jun 25 3:00 -1:00 - 1195 Rule Morocco 2079 only - Aug 6 2:00 0 - 1196 Rule Morocco 2080 only - Jun 16 3:00 -1:00 - 1197 Rule Morocco 2080 only - Jul 21 2:00 0 - 1198 Rule Morocco 2081 only - Jun 1 3:00 -1:00 - 1199 Rule Morocco 2081 only - Jul 13 2:00 0 - 1200 Rule Morocco 2082 only - May 24 3:00 -1:00 - 1201 Rule Morocco 2082 only - Jun 28 2:00 0 - 1202 Rule Morocco 2083 only - May 16 3:00 -1:00 - 1203 Rule Morocco 2083 only - Jun 20 2:00 0 - 1204 Rule Morocco 2084 only - Apr 30 3:00 -1:00 - 1205 Rule Morocco 2084 only - Jun 11 2:00 0 - 1206 Rule Morocco 2085 only - Apr 22 3:00 -1:00 - 1207 Rule Morocco 2085 only - May 27 2:00 0 - 1208 Rule Morocco 2086 only - Apr 14 3:00 -1:00 - 1209 Rule Morocco 2086 only - May 19 2:00 0 - 1210 Rule Morocco 2087 only - Mar 30 3:00 -1:00 - 1211 Rule Morocco 2087 only - May 11 2:00 0 - 1212 # For dates after the somewhat-arbitrary cutoff of 2087, assume that 1213 # Morocco will no longer observe DST. At some point this table will 1214 # need to be extended, though quite possibly Morocco will change the 1215 # rules first. 1216 1217 # Zone NAME STDOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] 1218 Zone Africa/Casablanca -0:30:20 - LMT 1913 Oct 26 1219 0:00 Morocco %z 1984 Mar 16 1220 1:00 - %z 1986 1221 0:00 Morocco %z 2018 Oct 28 3:00 1222 1:00 Morocco %z 1223 1224 # Western Sahara 1225 # 1226 # From Gwillim Law (2013-10-22): 1227 # A correspondent who is usually well informed about time zone matters 1228 # ... says that Western Sahara observes daylight saving time, just as 1229 # Morocco does. 1230 # 1231 # From Paul Eggert (2013-10-23): 1232 # Assume that this has been true since Western Sahara switched to GMT, 1233 # since most of it was then controlled by Morocco. 1234 1235 Zone Africa/El_Aaiun -0:52:48 - LMT 1934 Jan # El Aain 1236 -1:00 - %z 1976 Apr 14 1237 0:00 Morocco %z 2018 Oct 28 3:00 1238 1:00 Morocco %z 1239 1240 # Mozambique 1241 # 1242 # From Tim Parenti (2024-07-01): 1243 # For timestamps before Mozambique's independence, see commentary for 1244 # Europe/Lisbon. 1245 # 1246 # From Paul Eggert (2024-05-24): 1247 # The London Gazette, 1903-04-03, page 2245, says that 1248 # as of 1903-03-03 a time ball at the port of Loureno Marques 1249 # (as Maputo was then called) was dropped daily at 13:00:00 LMT, 1250 # corresponding to 22:49:41.7 GMT, so local time was +02:10:18.3. 1251 # Conversely, the newspaper South Africa, 1909-02-09, page 321, 1252 # says the port had just installed an apparatus that communicated 1253 # "from the controlling clock in the new Observatory at Reuben Point ... 1254 # exact mean South African time, i.e., 30 deg., or 2 hours East of Greenwich". 1255 # Although Shanks gives 1903-03-01 for the transition to CAT, 1256 # evidently the port transitioned to CAT after 1903-03-03 but before 1257 # the Portuguese legal transition of 1912-01-01 (see Europe/Lisbon commentary). 1258 # For lack of better info, list 1909 as the transition date. 1259 # 1260 # Zone NAME STDOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] 1261 #STDOFF 2:10:18.3 1262 Zone Africa/Maputo 2:10:18 - LMT 1909 1263 2:00 - CAT 1264 1265 # Namibia 1266 1267 # From Arthur David Olson (2017-08-09): 1268 # The text of the "Namibia Time Act, 1994" is available online at 1269 # www.lac.org.na/laws/1994/811.pdf 1270 # and includes this nugget: 1271 # Notwithstanding the provisions of subsection (2) of section 1, the 1272 # first winter period after the commencement of this Act shall 1273 # commence at OOhOO on Monday 21 March 1994 and shall end at 02h00 on 1274 # Sunday 4 September 1994. 1275 1276 # From Michael Deckers (2017-04-06): 1277 # ... both summer and winter time are called "standard" 1278 # (which differs from the use in Ireland) ... 1279 1280 # From Petronella Sibeene (2007-03-30): 1281 # http://allafrica.com/stories/200703300178.html 1282 # While the entire country changes its time, Katima Mulilo and other 1283 # settlements in Caprivi unofficially will not because the sun there 1284 # rises and sets earlier compared to other regions. Chief of 1285 # Forecasting Riaan van Zyl explained that the far eastern parts of 1286 # the country are close to 40 minutes earlier in sunrise than the rest 1287 # of the country. 1288 # 1289 # From Paul Eggert (2017-02-22): 1290 # Although the Zambezi Region (formerly known as Caprivi) informally 1291 # observes Botswana time, we have no details about historical practice. 1292 # In the meantime people there can use Africa/Gaborone. 1293 # See: Immanuel S. The Namibian. 2017-02-23. 1294 # https://www.namibian.com.na/51480/read/Time-change-divides-lawmakers 1295 1296 # From Steffen Thorsen (2017-08-09): 1297 # Namibia is going to change their time zone to what is now their DST: 1298 # https://www.newera.com.na/2017/02/23/namibias-winter-time-might-be-repealed/ 1299 # This video is from the government decision: 1300 # https://www.nbc.na/news/na-passes-namibia-time-bill-repealing-1994-namibia-time-act.8665 1301 # We have made the assumption so far that they will change their time zone at 1302 # the same time they would normally start DST, the first Sunday in September: 1303 # https://www.timeanddate.com/news/time/namibia-new-time-zone.html 1304 1305 # From Paul Eggert (2017-04-09): 1306 # Before the change, summer and winter time were both standard time legally. 1307 # However in common parlance, winter time was considered to be DST. See, e.g.: 1308 # http://www.nbc.na/news/namibias-winter-time-could-be-scrapped.2706 1309 # https://zone.my.na/news/times-are-changing-in-namibia 1310 # https://www.newera.com.na/2017/02/23/namibias-winter-time-might-be-repealed/ 1311 # Use plain "WAT" and "CAT" for the time zone abbreviations, to be compatible 1312 # with Namibia's neighbors. 1313 1314 # Rule NAME FROM TO - IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S 1315 # Vanguard section, for zic and other parsers that support negative DST. 1316 Rule Namibia 1994 only - Mar 21 0:00 -1:00 WAT 1317 Rule Namibia 1994 2017 - Sep Sun>=1 2:00 0 CAT 1318 Rule Namibia 1995 2017 - Apr Sun>=1 2:00 -1:00 WAT 1319 # Rearguard section, for parsers lacking negative DST; see ziguard.awk. 1320 #Rule Namibia 1994 only - Mar 21 0:00 0 WAT 1321 #Rule Namibia 1994 2017 - Sep Sun>=1 2:00 1:00 CAT 1322 #Rule Namibia 1995 2017 - Apr Sun>=1 2:00 0 WAT 1323 # End of rearguard section. 1324 1325 # Zone NAME STDOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] 1326 Zone Africa/Windhoek 1:08:24 - LMT 1892 Feb 8 1327 1:30 - %z 1903 Mar 1328 2:00 - SAST 1942 Sep 20 2:00 1329 2:00 1:00 SAST 1943 Mar 21 2:00 1330 2:00 - SAST 1990 Mar 21 # independence 1331 # Vanguard section, for zic and other parsers that support negative DST. 1332 2:00 Namibia %s 1333 # Rearguard section, for parsers lacking negative DST; see ziguard.awk. 1334 # 2:00 - CAT 1994 Mar 21 0:00 1335 # From Paul Eggert (2017-04-07): 1336 # The official date of the 2017 rule change was 2017-10-24. See: 1337 # http://www.lac.org.na/laws/annoSTAT/Namibian%20Time%20Act%209%20of%202017.pdf 1338 # 1:00 Namibia %s 2017 Oct 24 1339 # 2:00 - CAT 1340 # End of rearguard section. 1341 1342 # Niger 1343 # Zone NAME STDOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] 1344 Zone Africa/Niamey 0:08:28 - LMT 1912 1345 -1:00 - -01 1934 Feb 26 1346 0:00 - GMT 1960 1347 1:00 - WAT 1348 1349 # Nigeria 1350 1351 # From P Chan (2020-12-03): 1352 # GMT was adopted as the standard time of Lagos on 1905-07-01. 1353 # Lagos Weekly Record, 1905-06-24, p 3 1354 # http://ddsnext.crl.edu/titles/31558#?c=0&m=668&s=0&cv=2&r=0&xywh=1446,5221,1931,1235 1355 # says "It is officially notified that on and after the 1st of July 1905 1356 # Greenwich Mean Solar Time will be adopted throughout the Colony and 1357 # Protectorate, and that it will be necessary to put all clocks 13 minutes and 1358 # 35 seconds back, recording local mean time." 1359 # 1360 # It seemed that Lagos returned to LMT on 1908-07-01. 1361 # [The Lagos Standard], 1908-07-01, p 5 1362 # http://ddsnext.crl.edu/titles/31556#?c=0&m=78&s=0&cv=4&r=0&xywh=-92,3590,3944,2523 1363 # says "Scarcely have the people become accustomed to this new time, when 1364 # another official notice has now appeared announcing that from and after the 1365 # 1st July next, return will be made to local mean time." 1366 # 1367 # From P Chan (2020-11-27): 1368 # On 1914-01-01, standard time of GMT+0:30 was adopted for the unified Nigeria. 1369 # Colonial Reports - Annual. No. 878. Nigeria. Report for 1914. (April 1916), 1370 # p 27 1371 # https://libsysdigi.library.illinois.edu/ilharvest/Africana/Books2011-05/3064634/3064634_1914/3064634_1914_opt.pdf#page=27 1372 # "On January 1st [1914], a universal standard time for Nigeria was adopted, 1373 # viz., half an hour fast on Greenwich mean time, corresponding to the meridian 1374 # 7 30' E. long." 1375 # Lloyd's Register of Shipping (1915) says "Hitherto the time observed in Lagos 1376 # was the local mean time. On 1st January, 1914, standard time for the whole of 1377 # Nigeria was introduced ... Lagos time has been advanced about 16 minutes 1378 # accordingly." 1379 # 1380 # In 1919, standard time was changed to GMT+1. 1381 # Interpretation Ordinance (Cap 2) 1382 # The Laws of Nigeria, Containing the Ordinances of Nigeria, in Force on the 1383 # 1st Day of January, 1923, Vol.I [p 16] 1384 # https://books.google.com/books?id=BOMrAQAAMAAJ&pg=PA16 1385 # "The expression 'Standard time' means standard time as used in Nigeria: 1386 # namely, 60 minutes in advance of Greenwich mean time. (As amended by 18 of 1387 # 1919, s. 2.)" 1388 # From Tim Parenti (2020-12-10): 1389 # The Lagos Weekly Record, 1919-09-20, p 3 details discussion on the first 1390 # reading of this Bill by the Legislative Council of the Colony of Nigeria on 1391 # Thursday 1919-08-28: 1392 # http://ddsnext.crl.edu/titles/31558?terms&item_id=303484#?m=1118&c=1&s=0&cv=2&r=0&xywh=1261,3408,2994,1915 1393 # "The proposal is that the Globe should be divided into twelve zones East and 1394 # West of Greenwich, of one hour each, Nigeria falling into the zone with a 1395 # standard of one hour fast on Greenwich Mean Time. Nigeria standard time is 1396 # now 30 minutes in advance of Greenwich Mean Time ... according to the new 1397 # proposal, standard time will be advanced another 30 minutes". It was further 1398 # proposed that the firing of the time guns likewise be adjusted by 30 minutes 1399 # to compensate. 1400 # From Tim Parenti (2020-12-10), per P Chan (2020-12-11): 1401 # The text of Ordinance 18 of 1919, published in Nigeria Gazette, Vol 6, No 52, 1402 # shows that the change was assented to the following day and took effect "on 1403 # the 1st day of September, 1919." 1404 # Nigeria Gazette and Supplements 1919 Jan-Dec, Reference: 73266B-40, 1405 # img 245-246 1406 # https://microform.digital/boa/collections/77/volumes/539/nigeria-lagos-1887-1919 1407 1408 # Zone NAME STDOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] 1409 Zone Africa/Lagos 0:13:35 - LMT 1905 Jul 1 1410 0:00 - GMT 1908 Jul 1 1411 0:13:35 - LMT 1914 Jan 1 1412 0:30 - %z 1919 Sep 1 1413 1:00 - WAT 1414 1415 # Runion 1416 # Zone NAME STDOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] 1417 Zone Indian/Reunion 3:41:52 - LMT 1911 Jun # Saint-Denis 1418 4:00 - +04 1419 # 1420 # Scattered Islands (les parses) administered from Runion are as follows. 1421 # The following information about them is taken from 1422 # les parses (<http://www.outre-mer.gouv.fr/domtom/ile.htm>, 1997-07-22, 1423 # in French; no longer available as of 1999-08-17). 1424 # We have no info about their time zone histories. 1425 # 1426 # Bassas da India - uninhabited 1427 # Europa Island - inhabited from 1905 to 1910 by two families 1428 # Glorioso Is - inhabited until at least 1958 1429 # Juan de Nova - uninhabited 1430 # Tromelin - inhabited until at least 1958 1431 1432 # Rwanda 1433 # Zone NAME STDOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] 1434 Zone Africa/Kigali 2:00:16 - LMT 1935 Jun 1435 2:00 - CAT 1436 1437 # St Helena 1438 # Zone NAME STDOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] 1439 Zone Atlantic/St_Helena -0:22:48 - LMT 1890 # Jamestown 1440 -0:22:48 - JMT 1951 # Jamestown Mean Time 1441 0:00 - GMT 1442 1443 # So Tom and Prncipe 1444 1445 # See Europe/Lisbon for info about the 1912 transition. 1446 1447 # From Steffen Thorsen (2018-01-08): 1448 # Multiple sources tell that So Tom changed from UTC to UTC+1 as 1449 # they entered the year 2018. 1450 # From Michael Deckers (2018-01-08): 1451 # the switch is from 01:00 to 02:00 ... [Decree No. 25/2017] 1452 # http://www.mnec.gov.st/index.php/publicacoes/documentos/file/90-decreto-lei-n-25-2017 1453 1454 # From Vadim Nasardinov (2018-12-29): 1455 # So Tom and Prncipe is about to do the following on Jan 1, 2019: 1456 # https://www.stp-press.st/2018/12/05/governo-jesus-ja-decidiu-repor-hora-legal-sao-tomense/ 1457 # 1458 # From Michael Deckers (2018-12-30): 1459 # https://www.legis-palop.org/download.jsp?idFile=102818 1460 # ... [The legal time of the country, which coincides with universal 1461 # coordinated time, will be reinstituted at 2 o'clock on day 1 of January, 2019.] 1462 1463 Zone Africa/Sao_Tome 0:26:56 - LMT 1884 1464 #STDOFF -0:36:44.68 1465 -0:36:45 - LMT 1912 Jan 1 00:00u # Lisbon MT 1466 0:00 - GMT 2018 Jan 1 01:00 1467 1:00 - WAT 2019 Jan 1 02:00 1468 0:00 - GMT 1469 1470 # Senegal 1471 # Zone NAME STDOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] 1472 Zone Africa/Dakar -1:09:44 - LMT 1912 1473 -1:00 - -01 1941 Jun 1474 0:00 - GMT 1475 1476 # Seychelles 1477 # Zone NAME STDOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] 1478 Zone Indian/Mahe 3:41:48 - LMT 1907 Jan 1 # Victoria 1479 4:00 - +04 1480 # From Paul Eggert (2001-05-30): 1481 # Aldabra, Farquhar, and Desroches, originally dependencies of the 1482 # Seychelles, were transferred to the British Indian Ocean Territory 1483 # in 1965 and returned to Seychelles control in 1976. We don't know 1484 # whether this affected their time zone, so omit this for now. 1485 # Possibly the islands were uninhabited. 1486 1487 # Sierra Leone 1488 # Rule NAME FROM TO - IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S 1489 Rule SL 1932 only - Dec 1 0:00 0:20 -0040 1490 Rule SL 1933 1938 - Mar 31 24:00 0 -01 1491 Rule SL 1933 1939 - Aug 31 24:00 0:20 -0040 1492 Rule SL 1939 only - May 31 24:00 0 -01 1493 1494 # Zone NAME STDOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] 1495 Zone Africa/Freetown -0:53:00 - LMT 1882 1496 -0:53:00 - FMT 1913 Jul 1 # Freetown MT 1497 -1:00 SL %s 1939 Sep 5 1498 -1:00 - -01 1941 Dec 6 24:00 1499 0:00 - GMT 1500 1501 # Somalia 1502 # Zone NAME STDOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] 1503 Zone Africa/Mogadishu 3:01:28 - LMT 1893 Nov 1504 3:00 - EAT 1931 1505 2:30 - +0230 1957 1506 3:00 - EAT 1507 1508 # South Africa 1509 # Rule NAME FROM TO - IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S 1510 Rule SA 1942 1943 - Sep Sun>=15 2:00 1:00 - 1511 Rule SA 1943 1944 - Mar Sun>=15 2:00 0 - 1512 # Zone NAME STDOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] 1513 Zone Africa/Johannesburg 1:52:00 - LMT 1892 Feb 8 1514 1:30 - SAST 1903 Mar 1515 2:00 SA SAST 1516 # 1517 # Marion and Prince Edward Is 1518 # scientific station since 1947 1519 # no information 1520 1521 # Sudan 1522 1523 # From <http://www.sunanews.net/sn13jane.html> 1524 # Sudan News Agency (2000-01-13), 1525 # also reported by Michal De Beukelaer-Dossche via Steffen Thorsen: 1526 # Clocks will be moved ahead for 60 minutes all over the Sudan as of noon 1527 # Saturday.... This was announced Thursday by Caretaker State Minister for 1528 # Manpower Abdul-Rahman Nur-Eddin. 1529 1530 # From Ahmed Atyya, National Telecommunications Corp. (NTC), Sudan (2017-10-17): 1531 # ... the Republic of Sudan is going to change the time zone from (GMT+3:00) 1532 # to (GMT+ 2:00) starting from Wednesday 1 November 2017. 1533 # 1534 # From Paul Eggert (2017-10-18): 1535 # A scanned copy (in Arabic) of Cabinet Resolution No. 352 for the 1536 # year 2017 can be found as an attachment in email today from Yahia 1537 # Abdalla of NTC, archived at: 1538 # https://mm.icann.org/pipermail/tz/2017-October/025333.html 1539 1540 # Rule NAME FROM TO - IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S 1541 Rule Sudan 1970 only - May 1 0:00 1:00 S 1542 Rule Sudan 1970 1985 - Oct 15 0:00 0 - 1543 Rule Sudan 1971 only - Apr 30 0:00 1:00 S 1544 Rule Sudan 1972 1985 - Apr lastSun 0:00 1:00 S 1545 # Zone NAME STDOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] 1546 Zone Africa/Khartoum 2:10:08 - LMT 1931 1547 2:00 Sudan CA%sT 2000 Jan 15 12:00 1548 3:00 - EAT 2017 Nov 1 1549 2:00 - CAT 1550 1551 # South Sudan 1552 1553 # From Steffen Thorsen (2021-01-18): 1554 # "South Sudan will change its time zone by setting the clock back 1 1555 # hour on February 1, 2021...." 1556 # from https://eyeradio.org/south-sudan-adopts-new-time-zone-makuei/ 1557 1558 # Zone NAME STDOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] 1559 Zone Africa/Juba 2:06:28 - LMT 1931 1560 2:00 Sudan CA%sT 2000 Jan 15 12:00 1561 3:00 - EAT 2021 Feb 1 00:00 1562 2:00 - CAT 1563 1564 # Tanzania 1565 # Zone NAME STDOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] 1566 Zone Africa/Dar_es_Salaam 2:37:08 - LMT 1931 1567 3:00 - EAT 1948 1568 2:45 - +0245 1961 1569 3:00 - EAT 1570 1571 # Togo 1572 # Zone NAME STDOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] 1573 Zone Africa/Lome 0:04:52 - LMT 1893 1574 0:00 - GMT 1575 1576 # Tunisia 1577 1578 # From Gwillim Law (2005-04-30): 1579 # My correspondent, Risto Nyknen, has alerted me to another adoption of DST, 1580 # this time in Tunisia. According to Yahoo France News 1581 # <http://fr.news.yahoo.com/050426/5/4dumk.html>, in a story attributed to AP 1582 # and dated 2005-04-26, "Tunisia has decided to advance its official time by 1583 # one hour, starting on Sunday, May 1. Henceforth, Tunisian time will be 1584 # UTC+2 instead of UTC+1. The change will take place at 23:00 UTC next 1585 # Saturday." (My translation) 1586 # 1587 # From Oscar van Vlijmen (2005-05-02): 1588 # La Presse, the first national daily newspaper ... 1589 # http://www.lapresse.tn/archives/archives280405/actualites/lheure.html 1590 # ... DST for 2005: on: Sun May 1 0h standard time, off: Fri Sept. 30, 1591 # 1h standard time. 1592 # 1593 # From Atef Loukil (2006-03-28): 1594 # The daylight saving time will be the same each year: 1595 # Beginning : the last Sunday of March at 02:00 1596 # Ending : the last Sunday of October at 03:00 ... 1597 # http://www.tap.info.tn/en/index.php?option=com_content&task=view&id=1188&Itemid=50 1598 1599 # From Steffen Thorsen (2009-03-16): 1600 # According to several news sources, Tunisia will not observe DST this year. 1601 # (Arabic) 1602 # http://www.elbashayer.com/?page=viewn&nid=42546 1603 # https://www.babnet.net/kiwidetail-15295.asp 1604 # 1605 # We have also confirmed this with the US embassy in Tunisia. 1606 # We have a wrap-up about this on the following page: 1607 # https://www.timeanddate.com/news/time/tunisia-cancels-dst-2009.html 1608 1609 # From Alexander Krivenyshev (2009-03-17): 1610 # Here is a link to Tunis Afrique Presse News Agency 1611 # 1612 # Standard time to be kept the whole year long (tap.info.tn): 1613 # 1614 # (in English) 1615 # http://www.tap.info.tn/en/index.php?option=com_content&task=view&id=26813&Itemid=157 1616 # 1617 # (in Arabic) 1618 # http://www.tap.info.tn/ar/index.php?option=com_content&task=view&id=61240&Itemid=1 1619 1620 # From Arthur David Olson (2009-03-18): 1621 # The Tunis Afrique Presse News Agency notice contains this: "This measure is 1622 # due to the fact that the fasting month of Ramadan coincides with the period 1623 # concerned by summer time. Therefore, the standard time will be kept 1624 # unchanged the whole year long." So foregoing DST seems to be an exception 1625 # (albeit one that may be repeated in the future). 1626 1627 # From Alexander Krivenyshev (2010-03-27): 1628 # According to some news reports Tunis confirmed not to use DST in 2010 1629 # 1630 # (translation): 1631 # "The Tunisian government has decided to abandon DST, which was scheduled on 1632 # Sunday... 1633 # Tunisian authorities had suspended the DST for the first time last year also 1634 # coincided with the month of Ramadan..." 1635 # 1636 # (in Arabic) 1637 # http://www.moheet.com/show_news.aspx?nid=358861&pg=1 1638 # http://www.almadenahnews.com/newss/news.php?c=118&id=38036 1639 # http://www.worldtimezone.com/dst_news/dst_news_tunis02.html 1640 1641 # Rule NAME FROM TO - IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S 1642 Rule Tunisia 1939 only - Apr 15 23:00s 1:00 S 1643 Rule Tunisia 1939 only - Nov 18 23:00s 0 - 1644 Rule Tunisia 1940 only - Feb 25 23:00s 1:00 S 1645 Rule Tunisia 1941 only - Oct 6 0:00 0 - 1646 Rule Tunisia 1942 only - Mar 9 0:00 1:00 S 1647 Rule Tunisia 1942 only - Nov 2 3:00 0 - 1648 Rule Tunisia 1943 only - Mar 29 2:00 1:00 S 1649 Rule Tunisia 1943 only - Apr 17 2:00 0 - 1650 Rule Tunisia 1943 only - Apr 25 2:00 1:00 S 1651 Rule Tunisia 1943 only - Oct 4 2:00 0 - 1652 Rule Tunisia 1944 1945 - Apr Mon>=1 2:00 1:00 S 1653 Rule Tunisia 1944 only - Oct 8 0:00 0 - 1654 Rule Tunisia 1945 only - Sep 16 0:00 0 - 1655 Rule Tunisia 1977 only - Apr 30 0:00s 1:00 S 1656 Rule Tunisia 1977 only - Sep 24 0:00s 0 - 1657 Rule Tunisia 1978 only - May 1 0:00s 1:00 S 1658 Rule Tunisia 1978 only - Oct 1 0:00s 0 - 1659 Rule Tunisia 1988 only - Jun 1 0:00s 1:00 S 1660 Rule Tunisia 1988 1990 - Sep lastSun 0:00s 0 - 1661 Rule Tunisia 1989 only - Mar 26 0:00s 1:00 S 1662 Rule Tunisia 1990 only - May 1 0:00s 1:00 S 1663 Rule Tunisia 2005 only - May 1 0:00s 1:00 S 1664 Rule Tunisia 2005 only - Sep 30 1:00s 0 - 1665 Rule Tunisia 2006 2008 - Mar lastSun 2:00s 1:00 S 1666 Rule Tunisia 2006 2008 - Oct lastSun 2:00s 0 - 1667 1668 # See Europe/Paris commentary for PMT-related transitions. 1669 # Zone NAME STDOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] 1670 Zone Africa/Tunis 0:40:44 - LMT 1881 May 12 1671 0:09:21 - PMT 1911 Mar 11 # Paris Mean Time 1672 1:00 Tunisia CE%sT 1673 1674 # Uganda 1675 # Zone NAME STDOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] 1676 Zone Africa/Kampala 2:09:40 - LMT 1928 Jul 1677 3:00 - EAT 1930 1678 2:30 - +0230 1948 1679 2:45 - +0245 1957 1680 3:00 - EAT 1681 1682 # Zambia 1683 # Zone NAME STDOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] 1684 Zone Africa/Lusaka 1:53:08 - LMT 1903 Mar 1685 2:00 - CAT 1686 1687 # Zimbabwe 1688 # Zone NAME STDOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] 1689 Zone Africa/Harare 2:04:12 - LMT 1903 Mar 1690 2:00 - CAT 1691 1692
Indexes created Tue Apr 21 00:23:25 UTC 2026