africa revision 1.1.1.1.2.2
1 # This file is in the public domain, so clarified as of 2 # 2009-05-17 by Arthur David Olson. 3 4 # This data is by no means authoritative; if you think you know better, 5 # go ahead and edit the file (and please send any changes to 6 # tz (a] iana.org for general use in the future). 7 8 # From Paul Eggert (2013-02-21): 9 # 10 # A good source for time zone historical data outside the U.S. is 11 # Thomas G. Shanks and Rique Pottenger, The International Atlas (6th edition), 12 # San Diego: ACS Publications, Inc. (2003). 13 # 14 # Gwillim Law writes that a good source 15 # for recent time zone data is the International Air Transport 16 # Association's Standard Schedules Information Manual (IATA SSIM), 17 # published semiannually. Law sent in several helpful summaries 18 # of the IATA's data after 1990. 19 # 20 # Except where otherwise noted, Shanks & Pottenger is the source for 21 # entries through 1990, and IATA SSIM is the source for entries afterwards. 22 # 23 # Another source occasionally used is Edward W. Whitman, World Time Differences, 24 # Whitman Publishing Co, 2 Niagara Av, Ealing, London (undated), which 25 # I found in the UCLA library. 26 # 27 # For data circa 1899, a common source is: 28 # Milne J. Civil time. Geogr J. 1899 Feb;13(2):173-94 29 # <http://www.jstor.org/stable/1774359>. 30 # 31 # A reliable and entertaining source about time zones is 32 # Derek Howse, Greenwich time and longitude, Philip Wilson Publishers (1997). 33 # 34 # Previous editions of this database used WAT, CAT, SAT, and EAT 35 # for +0:00 through +3:00, respectively, 36 # but Mark R V Murray reports that 37 # 'SAST' is the official abbreviation for +2:00 in the country of South Africa, 38 # 'CAT' is commonly used for +2:00 in countries north of South Africa, and 39 # 'WAT' is probably the best name for +1:00, as the common phrase for 40 # the area that includes Nigeria is "West Africa". 41 # He has heard of "Western Sahara Time" for +0:00 but can find no reference. 42 # 43 # To make things confusing, 'WAT' seems to have been used for -1:00 long ago; 44 # I'd guess that this was because people needed _some_ name for -1:00, 45 # and at the time, far west Africa was the only major land area in -1:00. 46 # This usage is now obsolete, as the last use of -1:00 on the African 47 # mainland seems to have been 1976 in Western Sahara. 48 # 49 # To summarize, the following abbreviations seem to have some currency: 50 # -1:00 WAT West Africa Time (no longer used) 51 # 0:00 GMT Greenwich Mean Time 52 # 2:00 CAT Central Africa Time 53 # 2:00 SAST South Africa Standard Time 54 # and Murray suggests the following abbreviation: 55 # 1:00 WAT West Africa Time 56 # I realize that this leads to 'WAT' being used for both -1:00 and 1:00 57 # for times before 1976, but this is the best I can think of 58 # until we get more information. 59 # 60 # I invented the following abbreviations; corrections are welcome! 61 # 2:00 WAST West Africa Summer Time 62 # 2:30 BEAT British East Africa Time (no longer used) 63 # 2:45 BEAUT British East Africa Unified Time (no longer used) 64 # 3:00 CAST Central Africa Summer Time (no longer used) 65 # 3:00 SAST South Africa Summer Time (no longer used) 66 # 3:00 EAT East Africa Time 67 # 4:00 EAST East Africa Summer Time (no longer used) 68 69 # Algeria 70 # Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S 71 Rule Algeria 1916 only - Jun 14 23:00s 1:00 S 72 Rule Algeria 1916 1919 - Oct Sun>=1 23:00s 0 - 73 Rule Algeria 1917 only - Mar 24 23:00s 1:00 S 74 Rule Algeria 1918 only - Mar 9 23:00s 1:00 S 75 Rule Algeria 1919 only - Mar 1 23:00s 1:00 S 76 Rule Algeria 1920 only - Feb 14 23:00s 1:00 S 77 Rule Algeria 1920 only - Oct 23 23:00s 0 - 78 Rule Algeria 1921 only - Mar 14 23:00s 1:00 S 79 Rule Algeria 1921 only - Jun 21 23:00s 0 - 80 Rule Algeria 1939 only - Sep 11 23:00s 1:00 S 81 Rule Algeria 1939 only - Nov 19 1:00 0 - 82 Rule Algeria 1944 1945 - Apr Mon>=1 2:00 1:00 S 83 Rule Algeria 1944 only - Oct 8 2:00 0 - 84 Rule Algeria 1945 only - Sep 16 1:00 0 - 85 Rule Algeria 1971 only - Apr 25 23:00s 1:00 S 86 Rule Algeria 1971 only - Sep 26 23:00s 0 - 87 Rule Algeria 1977 only - May 6 0:00 1:00 S 88 Rule Algeria 1977 only - Oct 21 0:00 0 - 89 Rule Algeria 1978 only - Mar 24 1:00 1:00 S 90 Rule Algeria 1978 only - Sep 22 3:00 0 - 91 Rule Algeria 1980 only - Apr 25 0:00 1:00 S 92 Rule Algeria 1980 only - Oct 31 2:00 0 - 93 # Shanks & Pottenger give 0:09:20 for Paris Mean Time; go with Howse's 94 # more precise 0:09:21. 95 # Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] 96 Zone Africa/Algiers 0:12:12 - LMT 1891 Mar 15 0:01 97 0:09:21 - PMT 1911 Mar 11 # Paris Mean Time 98 0:00 Algeria WE%sT 1940 Feb 25 2:00 99 1:00 Algeria CE%sT 1946 Oct 7 100 0:00 - WET 1956 Jan 29 101 1:00 - CET 1963 Apr 14 102 0:00 Algeria WE%sT 1977 Oct 21 103 1:00 Algeria CE%sT 1979 Oct 26 104 0:00 Algeria WE%sT 1981 May 105 1:00 - CET 106 107 # Angola 108 # Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] 109 Zone Africa/Luanda 0:52:56 - LMT 1892 110 0:52:04 - AOT 1911 May 26 # Angola Time 111 1:00 - WAT 112 113 # Benin 114 # Whitman says they switched to 1:00 in 1946, not 1934; 115 # go with Shanks & Pottenger. 116 # Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] 117 Zone Africa/Porto-Novo 0:10:28 - LMT 1912 118 0:00 - GMT 1934 Feb 26 119 1:00 - WAT 120 121 # Botswana 122 # From Paul Eggert (2013-02-21): 123 # Milne says they were regulated by the Cape Town Signal in 1899; 124 # assume they switched to 2:00 when Cape Town did. 125 # Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] 126 Zone Africa/Gaborone 1:43:40 - LMT 1885 127 1:30 - SAST 1903 Mar 128 2:00 - CAT 1943 Sep 19 2:00 129 2:00 1:00 CAST 1944 Mar 19 2:00 130 2:00 - CAT 131 132 # Burkina Faso 133 # See Africa/Abidjan. 134 135 # Burundi 136 # Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] 137 Zone Africa/Bujumbura 1:57:28 - LMT 1890 138 2:00 - CAT 139 140 # Cameroon 141 # Whitman says they switched to 1:00 in 1920; go with Shanks & Pottenger. 142 # Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] 143 Zone Africa/Douala 0:38:48 - LMT 1912 144 1:00 - WAT 145 146 # Cape Verde 147 # Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] 148 Zone Atlantic/Cape_Verde -1:34:04 - LMT 1907 # Praia 149 -2:00 - CVT 1942 Sep 150 -2:00 1:00 CVST 1945 Oct 15 151 -2:00 - CVT 1975 Nov 25 2:00 152 -1:00 - CVT 153 154 # Central African Republic 155 # Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] 156 Zone Africa/Bangui 1:14:20 - LMT 1912 157 1:00 - WAT 158 159 # Chad 160 # Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] 161 Zone Africa/Ndjamena 1:00:12 - LMT 1912 # N'Djamena 162 1:00 - WAT 1979 Oct 14 163 1:00 1:00 WAST 1980 Mar 8 164 1:00 - WAT 165 166 # Comoros 167 # Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] 168 Zone Indian/Comoro 2:53:04 - LMT 1911 Jul # Moroni, Gran Comoro 169 3:00 - EAT 170 171 # Democratic Republic of Congo 172 # Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] 173 Zone Africa/Kinshasa 1:01:12 - LMT 1897 Nov 9 174 1:00 - WAT 175 Zone Africa/Lubumbashi 1:49:52 - LMT 1897 Nov 9 176 2:00 - CAT 177 178 # Republic of the Congo 179 # Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] 180 Zone Africa/Brazzaville 1:01:08 - LMT 1912 181 1:00 - WAT 182 183 # Cte D'Ivoire / Ivory Coast 184 # Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] 185 Zone Africa/Abidjan -0:16:08 - LMT 1912 186 0:00 - GMT 187 Link Africa/Abidjan Africa/Bamako # Mali 188 Link Africa/Abidjan Africa/Banjul # Gambia 189 Link Africa/Abidjan Africa/Conakry # Guinea 190 Link Africa/Abidjan Africa/Dakar # Senegal 191 Link Africa/Abidjan Africa/Freetown # Sierra Leone 192 Link Africa/Abidjan Africa/Lome # Togo 193 Link Africa/Abidjan Africa/Nouakchott # Mauritania 194 Link Africa/Abidjan Africa/Ouagadougou # Burkina Faso 195 Link Africa/Abidjan Africa/Sao_Tome # So Tom and Prncipe 196 Link Africa/Abidjan Atlantic/St_Helena # St Helena 197 198 # Djibouti 199 # Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] 200 Zone Africa/Djibouti 2:52:36 - LMT 1911 Jul 201 3:00 - EAT 202 203 ############################################################################### 204 205 # Egypt 206 207 # Milne says Cairo used 2:05:08.9, the local mean time of the Abbasizeh 208 # observatory; round to nearest. Milne also says that the official time for 209 # Egypt was mean noon at the Great Pyramid, 2:04:30.5, but apparently this 210 # did not apply to Cairo, Alexandria, or Port Said. 211 212 # Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S 213 Rule Egypt 1940 only - Jul 15 0:00 1:00 S 214 Rule Egypt 1940 only - Oct 1 0:00 0 - 215 Rule Egypt 1941 only - Apr 15 0:00 1:00 S 216 Rule Egypt 1941 only - Sep 16 0:00 0 - 217 Rule Egypt 1942 1944 - Apr 1 0:00 1:00 S 218 Rule Egypt 1942 only - Oct 27 0:00 0 - 219 Rule Egypt 1943 1945 - Nov 1 0:00 0 - 220 Rule Egypt 1945 only - Apr 16 0:00 1:00 S 221 Rule Egypt 1957 only - May 10 0:00 1:00 S 222 Rule Egypt 1957 1958 - Oct 1 0:00 0 - 223 Rule Egypt 1958 only - May 1 0:00 1:00 S 224 Rule Egypt 1959 1981 - May 1 1:00 1:00 S 225 Rule Egypt 1959 1965 - Sep 30 3:00 0 - 226 Rule Egypt 1966 1994 - Oct 1 3:00 0 - 227 Rule Egypt 1982 only - Jul 25 1:00 1:00 S 228 Rule Egypt 1983 only - Jul 12 1:00 1:00 S 229 Rule Egypt 1984 1988 - May 1 1:00 1:00 S 230 Rule Egypt 1989 only - May 6 1:00 1:00 S 231 Rule Egypt 1990 1994 - May 1 1:00 1:00 S 232 # IATA (after 1990) says transitions are at 0:00. 233 # Go with IATA starting in 1995, except correct 1995 entry from 09-30 to 09-29. 234 235 # From Alexander Krivenyshev (2011-04-20): 236 # "...Egypt's interim cabinet decided on Wednesday to cancel daylight 237 # saving time after a poll posted on its website showed the majority of 238 # Egyptians would approve the cancellation." 239 # 240 # Egypt to cancel daylight saving time 241 # http://www.almasryalyoum.com/en/node/407168 242 # or 243 # http://www.worldtimezone.com/dst_news/dst_news_egypt04.html 244 Rule Egypt 1995 2010 - Apr lastFri 0:00s 1:00 S 245 Rule Egypt 1995 2005 - Sep lastThu 24:00 0 - 246 # From Steffen Thorsen (2006-09-19): 247 # The Egyptian Gazette, issue 41,090 (2006-09-18), page 1, reports: 248 # Egypt will turn back clocks by one hour at the midnight of Thursday 249 # after observing the daylight saving time since May. 250 # http://news.gom.com.eg/gazette/pdf/2006/09/18/01.pdf 251 Rule Egypt 2006 only - Sep 21 24:00 0 - 252 # From Dirk Losch (2007-08-14): 253 # I received a mail from an airline which says that the daylight 254 # saving time in Egypt will end in the night of 2007-09-06 to 2007-09-07. 255 # From Jesper Nrgaard Welen (2007-08-15): [The following agree:] 256 # http://www.nentjes.info/Bill/bill5.htm 257 # http://www.timeanddate.com/worldclock/city.html?n=53 258 # From Steffen Thorsen (2007-09-04): The official information...: 259 # http://www.sis.gov.eg/En/EgyptOnline/Miscellaneous/000002/0207000000000000001580.htm 260 Rule Egypt 2007 only - Sep Thu>=1 24:00 0 - 261 # From Abdelrahman Hassan (2007-09-06): 262 # Due to the Hijri (lunar Islamic calendar) year being 11 days shorter 263 # than the year of the Gregorian calendar, Ramadan shifts earlier each 264 # year. This year it will be observed September 13 (September is quite 265 # hot in Egypt), and the idea is to make fasting easier for workers by 266 # shifting business hours one hour out of daytime heat. Consequently, 267 # unless discontinued, next DST may end Thursday 28 August 2008. 268 # From Paul Eggert (2007-08-17): 269 # For lack of better info, assume the new rule is last Thursday in August. 270 271 # From Petr Machata (2009-04-06): 272 # The following appeared in Red Hat bugzilla[1] (edited): 273 # 274 # > $ zdump -v /usr/share/zoneinfo/Africa/Cairo | grep 2009 275 # > /usr/share/zoneinfo/Africa/Cairo Thu Apr 23 21:59:59 2009 UTC = Thu = 276 # Apr 23 277 # > 23:59:59 2009 EET isdst=0 gmtoff=7200 278 # > /usr/share/zoneinfo/Africa/Cairo Thu Apr 23 22:00:00 2009 UTC = Fri = 279 # Apr 24 280 # > 01:00:00 2009 EEST isdst=1 gmtoff=10800 281 # > /usr/share/zoneinfo/Africa/Cairo Thu Aug 27 20:59:59 2009 UTC = Thu = 282 # Aug 27 283 # > 23:59:59 2009 EEST isdst=1 gmtoff=10800 284 # > /usr/share/zoneinfo/Africa/Cairo Thu Aug 27 21:00:00 2009 UTC = Thu = 285 # Aug 27 286 # > 23:00:00 2009 EET isdst=0 gmtoff=7200 287 # 288 # > end date should be Thu Sep 24 2009 (Last Thursday in September at 23:59= 289 # :59) 290 # > http://support.microsoft.com/kb/958729/ 291 # 292 # timeanddate[2] and another site I've found[3] also support that. 293 # 294 # [1] https://bugzilla.redhat.com/show_bug.cgi?id=492263 295 # [2] http://www.timeanddate.com/worldclock/clockchange.html?n=53 296 # [3] http://wwp.greenwichmeantime.com/time-zone/africa/egypt/ 297 298 # From Arthur David Olson (2009-04-20): 299 # In 2009 (and for the next several years), Ramadan ends before the fourth 300 # Thursday in September; Egypt is expected to revert to the last Thursday 301 # in September. 302 303 # From Steffen Thorsen (2009-08-11): 304 # We have been able to confirm the August change with the Egyptian Cabinet 305 # Information and Decision Support Center: 306 # http://www.timeanddate.com/news/time/egypt-dst-ends-2009.html 307 # 308 # The Middle East News Agency 309 # http://www.mena.org.eg/index.aspx 310 # also reports "Egypt starts winter time on August 21" 311 # today in article numbered "71, 11/08/2009 12:25 GMT." 312 # Only the title above is available without a subscription to their service, 313 # and can be found by searching for "winter" in their search engine 314 # (at least today). 315 316 # From Alexander Krivenyshev (2010-07-20): 317 # According to News from Egypt - Al-Masry Al-Youm Egypt's cabinet has 318 # decided that Daylight Saving Time will not be used in Egypt during 319 # Ramadan. 320 # 321 # Arabic translation: 322 # "Clocks to go back during Ramadan - and then forward again" 323 # http://www.almasryalyoum.com/en/news/clocks-go-back-during-ramadan-and-then-forward-again 324 # http://www.worldtimezone.com/dst_news/dst_news_egypt02.html 325 326 # From Ahmad El-Dardiry (2014-05-07): 327 # Egypt is to change back to Daylight system on May 15 328 # http://english.ahram.org.eg/NewsContent/1/64/100735/Egypt/Politics-/Egypts-government-to-reapply-daylight-saving-time-.aspx 329 330 # From Gunther Vermier (2015-05-13): 331 # our Egypt office confirms that the change will be at 15 May "midnight" (24:00) 332 333 # From Imed Chihi (2014-06-04): 334 # We have finally "located" a precise official reference about the DST changes 335 # in Egypt. The Ministers Cabinet decision is explained at 336 # http://www.cabinet.gov.eg/Media/CabinetMeetingsDetails.aspx?id=347 ... 337 # [T]his (Arabic) site is not accessible outside Egypt, but the page ... 338 # translates into: "With regard to daylight saving time, it is scheduled to 339 # take effect at exactly twelve o'clock this evening, Thursday, 15 MAY 2014, 340 # to be suspended by twelve o'clock on the evening of Thursday, 26 JUN 2014, 341 # and re-established again at the end of the month of Ramadan, at twelve 342 # o'clock on the evening of Thursday, 31 JUL 2014." This statement has been 343 # reproduced by other (more accessible) sites[, e.g.,]... 344 # http://elgornal.net/news/news.aspx?id=4699258 345 346 # From Paul Eggert (2014-06-04): 347 # Sarah El Deeb and Lee Keath of AP report that the Egyptian government says 348 # the change is because of blackouts in Cairo, even though Ahram Online (cited 349 # above) says DST had no affect on electricity consumption. There is 350 # no information about when DST will end this fall. See: 351 # http://abcnews.go.com/International/wireStory/el-sissi-pushes-egyptians-line-23614833 352 # 353 # For now, guess that later spring and fall transitions will use 354 # 2010's rules, and guess that Egypt will switch to standard time at 355 # 24:00 the last Thursday before Ramadan, and back to DST at 00:00 the 356 # first Friday after Ramadan. To implement this, 357 # transition dates for 2015 through 2037 were determined by running 358 # the following program under GNU Emacs 24.3, with the results integrated 359 # by hand into the table below. Ramadan again intrudes on the guessed 360 # DST starting in 2038, but that's beyond our somewhat-arbitrary cutoff. 361 # (let ((islamic-year 1436)) 362 # (while (< islamic-year 1460) 363 # (let ((a (calendar-islamic-to-absolute (list 9 1 islamic-year))) 364 # (b (calendar-islamic-to-absolute (list 10 1 islamic-year))) 365 # (friday 5)) 366 # (while (/= friday (mod a 7)) 367 # (setq a (1- a))) 368 # (while (/= friday (mod b 7)) 369 # (setq b (1+ b))) 370 # (setq a (1- a)) 371 # (setq b (1- b)) 372 # (setq a (calendar-gregorian-from-absolute a)) 373 # (setq b (calendar-gregorian-from-absolute b)) 374 # (insert 375 # (format 376 # (concat "Rule\tEgypt\t%d\tonly\t-\t%s\t%2d\t24:00\t0\t-\n" 377 # "Rule\tEgypt\t%d\tonly\t-\t%s\t%2d\t24:00\t1:00\tS\n") 378 # (car (cdr (cdr a))) (calendar-month-name (car a) t) (car (cdr a)) 379 # (car (cdr (cdr b))) (calendar-month-name (car b) t) (car (cdr b))))) 380 # (setq islamic-year (+ 1 islamic-year)))) 381 Rule Egypt 2008 only - Aug lastThu 24:00 0 - 382 Rule Egypt 2009 only - Aug 20 24:00 0 - 383 Rule Egypt 2010 only - Aug 10 24:00 0 - 384 Rule Egypt 2010 only - Sep 9 24:00 1:00 S 385 Rule Egypt 2010 only - Sep lastThu 24:00 0 - 386 Rule Egypt 2014 only - May 15 24:00 1:00 S 387 Rule Egypt 2014 only - Jun 26 24:00 0 - 388 Rule Egypt 2014 only - Jul 31 24:00 1:00 S 389 Rule Egypt 2014 max - Sep lastThu 24:00 0 - 390 Rule Egypt 2015 2019 - Apr lastFri 0:00s 1:00 S 391 Rule Egypt 2015 only - Jun 11 24:00 0 - 392 Rule Egypt 2015 only - Jul 23 24:00 1:00 S 393 Rule Egypt 2016 only - Jun 2 24:00 0 - 394 Rule Egypt 2016 only - Jul 7 24:00 1:00 S 395 Rule Egypt 2017 only - May 25 24:00 0 - 396 Rule Egypt 2017 only - Jun 29 24:00 1:00 S 397 Rule Egypt 2018 only - May 10 24:00 0 - 398 Rule Egypt 2018 only - Jun 14 24:00 1:00 S 399 Rule Egypt 2019 only - May 2 24:00 0 - 400 Rule Egypt 2019 only - Jun 6 24:00 1:00 S 401 Rule Egypt 2020 only - May 28 24:00 1:00 S 402 Rule Egypt 2021 only - May 13 24:00 1:00 S 403 Rule Egypt 2022 only - May 5 24:00 1:00 S 404 Rule Egypt 2023 max - Apr lastFri 0:00s 1:00 S 405 406 # Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] 407 Zone Africa/Cairo 2:05:09 - LMT 1900 Oct 408 2:00 Egypt EE%sT 409 410 # Equatorial Guinea 411 # Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] 412 Zone Africa/Malabo 0:35:08 - LMT 1912 413 0:00 - GMT 1963 Dec 15 414 1:00 - WAT 415 416 # Eritrea 417 # Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] 418 Zone Africa/Asmara 2:35:32 - LMT 1870 419 2:35:32 - AMT 1890 # Asmara Mean Time 420 2:35:20 - ADMT 1936 May 5 # Adis Dera MT 421 3:00 - EAT 422 423 # Ethiopia 424 # From Paul Eggert (2014-07-31): 425 # Like the Swahili of Kenya and Tanzania, many Ethiopians keep a 426 # 12-hour clock starting at our 06:00, so their "8 o'clock" is our 427 # 02:00 or 14:00. Keep this in mind when you ask the time in Amharic. 428 # 429 # Shanks & Pottenger write that Ethiopia had six narrowly-spaced time 430 # zones between 1870 and 1890, that they merged to 38E50 (2:35:20) in 431 # 1890, and that they switched to 3:00 on 1936-05-05. Perhaps 38E50 432 # was for Adis Dera. Quite likely the Shanks data are wrong anyway. 433 # Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] 434 Zone Africa/Addis_Ababa 2:34:48 - LMT 1870 435 2:35:20 - ADMT 1936 May 5 # Adis Dera MT 436 3:00 - EAT 437 438 # Gabon 439 # Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] 440 Zone Africa/Libreville 0:37:48 - LMT 1912 441 1:00 - WAT 442 443 # Gambia 444 # See Africa/Abidjan. 445 446 # Ghana 447 # Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S 448 # Whitman says DST was observed from 1931 to "the present"; 449 # Shanks & Pottenger say 1936 to 1942; 450 # and September 1 to January 1 is given by: 451 # Scott Keltie J, Epstein M (eds), The Statesman's Year-Book, 452 # 57th ed. Macmillan, London (1920), OCLC 609408015, pp xxviii. 453 # For lack of better info, assume DST was observed from 1920 to 1942. 454 Rule Ghana 1920 1942 - Sep 1 0:00 0:20 GHST 455 Rule Ghana 1920 1942 - Dec 31 0:00 0 GMT 456 # Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] 457 Zone Africa/Accra -0:00:52 - LMT 1918 458 0:00 Ghana %s 459 460 # Guinea 461 # See Africa/Abidjan. 462 463 # Guinea-Bissau 464 # Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] 465 Zone Africa/Bissau -1:02:20 - LMT 1911 May 26 466 -1:00 - WAT 1975 467 0:00 - GMT 468 469 # Kenya 470 # Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] 471 Zone Africa/Nairobi 2:27:16 - LMT 1928 Jul 472 3:00 - EAT 1930 473 2:30 - BEAT 1940 474 2:45 - BEAUT 1960 475 3:00 - EAT 476 477 # Lesotho 478 # Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] 479 Zone Africa/Maseru 1:50:00 - LMT 1903 Mar 480 2:00 - SAST 1943 Sep 19 2:00 481 2:00 1:00 SAST 1944 Mar 19 2:00 482 2:00 - SAST 483 484 # Liberia 485 # From Paul Eggert (2006-03-22): 486 # In 1972 Liberia was the last country to switch 487 # from a UTC offset that was not a multiple of 15 or 20 minutes. 488 # Howse reports that it was in honor of their president's birthday. 489 # Shank & Pottenger report the date as May 1, whereas Howse reports Jan; 490 # go with Shanks & Pottenger. 491 # For Liberia before 1972, Shanks & Pottenger report -0:44, whereas Howse and 492 # Whitman each report -0:44:30; go with the more precise figure. 493 # Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] 494 Zone Africa/Monrovia -0:43:08 - LMT 1882 495 -0:43:08 - MMT 1919 Mar # Monrovia Mean Time 496 -0:44:30 - LRT 1972 May # Liberia Time 497 0:00 - GMT 498 499 ############################################################################### 500 501 # Libya 502 503 # From Even Scharning (2012-11-10): 504 # Libya set their time one hour back at 02:00 on Saturday November 10. 505 # http://www.libyaherald.com/2012/11/04/clocks-to-go-back-an-hour-on-saturday/ 506 # Here is an official source [in Arabic]: http://ls.ly/fb6Yc 507 # 508 # Steffen Thorsen forwarded a translation (2012-11-10) in 509 # http://mm.icann.org/pipermail/tz/2012-November/018451.html 510 # 511 # From Tim Parenti (2012-11-11): 512 # Treat the 2012-11-10 change as a zone change from UTC+2 to UTC+1. 513 # The DST rules planned for 2013 and onward roughly mirror those of Europe 514 # (either two days before them or five days after them, so as to fall on 515 # lastFri instead of lastSun). 516 517 # From Even Scharning (2013-10-25): 518 # The scheduled end of DST in Libya on Friday, October 25, 2013 was 519 # cancelled yesterday.... 520 # http://www.libyaherald.com/2013/10/24/correction-no-time-change-tomorrow/ 521 # 522 # From Paul Eggert (2013-10-25): 523 # For now, assume they're reverting to the pre-2012 rules of permanent UTC+2. 524 525 # Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S 526 Rule Libya 1951 only - Oct 14 2:00 1:00 S 527 Rule Libya 1952 only - Jan 1 0:00 0 - 528 Rule Libya 1953 only - Oct 9 2:00 1:00 S 529 Rule Libya 1954 only - Jan 1 0:00 0 - 530 Rule Libya 1955 only - Sep 30 0:00 1:00 S 531 Rule Libya 1956 only - Jan 1 0:00 0 - 532 Rule Libya 1982 1984 - Apr 1 0:00 1:00 S 533 Rule Libya 1982 1985 - Oct 1 0:00 0 - 534 Rule Libya 1985 only - Apr 6 0:00 1:00 S 535 Rule Libya 1986 only - Apr 4 0:00 1:00 S 536 Rule Libya 1986 only - Oct 3 0:00 0 - 537 Rule Libya 1987 1989 - Apr 1 0:00 1:00 S 538 Rule Libya 1987 1989 - Oct 1 0:00 0 - 539 Rule Libya 1997 only - Apr 4 0:00 1:00 S 540 Rule Libya 1997 only - Oct 4 0:00 0 - 541 Rule Libya 2013 only - Mar lastFri 1:00 1:00 S 542 Rule Libya 2013 only - Oct lastFri 2:00 0 - 543 # Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] 544 Zone Africa/Tripoli 0:52:44 - LMT 1920 545 1:00 Libya CE%sT 1959 546 2:00 - EET 1982 547 1:00 Libya CE%sT 1990 May 4 548 # The 1996 and 1997 entries are from Shanks & Pottenger; 549 # the IATA SSIM data contain some obvious errors. 550 2:00 - EET 1996 Sep 30 551 1:00 Libya CE%sT 1997 Oct 4 552 2:00 - EET 2012 Nov 10 2:00 553 1:00 Libya CE%sT 2013 Oct 25 2:00 554 2:00 - EET 555 556 # Madagascar 557 # Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] 558 Zone Indian/Antananarivo 3:10:04 - LMT 1911 Jul 559 3:00 - EAT 1954 Feb 27 23:00s 560 3:00 1:00 EAST 1954 May 29 23:00s 561 3:00 - EAT 562 563 # Malawi 564 # Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] 565 Zone Africa/Blantyre 2:20:00 - LMT 1903 Mar 566 2:00 - CAT 567 568 # Mali 569 # Mauritania 570 # See Africa/Abidjan. 571 572 # Mauritius 573 574 # From Steffen Thorsen (2008-06-25): 575 # Mauritius plans to observe DST from 2008-11-01 to 2009-03-31 on a trial 576 # basis.... 577 # It seems that Mauritius observed daylight saving time from 1982-10-10 to 578 # 1983-03-20 as well, but that was not successful.... 579 # http://www.timeanddate.com/news/time/mauritius-daylight-saving-time.html 580 581 # From Alex Krivenyshev (2008-06-25): 582 # http://economicdevelopment.gov.mu/portal/site/Mainhomepage/menuitem.a42b24128104d9845dabddd154508a0c/?content_id=0a7cee8b5d69a110VgnVCM1000000a04a8c0RCRD 583 584 # From Arthur David Olson (2008-06-30): 585 # The www.timeanddate.com article cited by Steffen Thorsen notes that "A 586 # final decision has yet to be made on the times that daylight saving 587 # would begin and end on these dates." As a place holder, use midnight. 588 589 # From Paul Eggert (2008-06-30): 590 # Follow Thorsen on DST in 1982/1983, instead of Shanks & Pottenger. 591 592 # From Steffen Thorsen (2008-07-10): 593 # According to 594 # http://www.lexpress.mu/display_article.php?news_id=111216 595 # (in French), Mauritius will start and end their DST a few days earlier 596 # than previously announced (2008-11-01 to 2009-03-31). The new start 597 # date is 2008-10-26 at 02:00 and the new end date is 2009-03-27 (no time 598 # given, but it is probably at either 2 or 3 wall clock time). 599 # 600 # A little strange though, since the article says that they moved the date 601 # to align itself with Europe and USA which also change time on that date, 602 # but that means they have not paid attention to what happened in 603 # USA/Canada last year (DST ends first Sunday in November). I also wonder 604 # why that they end on a Friday, instead of aligning with Europe which 605 # changes two days later. 606 607 # From Alex Krivenyshev (2008-07-11): 608 # Seems that English language article "The revival of daylight saving 609 # time: Energy conservation?"-# No. 16578 (07/11/2008) was originally 610 # published on Monday, June 30, 2008... 611 # 612 # I guess that article in French "Le gouvernement avance l'introduction 613 # de l'heure d't" stating that DST in Mauritius starting on October 26 614 # and ending on March 27, 2009 is the most recent one.... 615 # http://www.worldtimezone.com/dst_news/dst_news_mauritius02.html 616 617 # From Riad M. Hossen Ally (2008-08-03): 618 # The Government of Mauritius weblink 619 # http://www.gov.mu/portal/site/pmosite/menuitem.4ca0efdee47462e7440a600248a521ca/?content_id=4728ca68b2a5b110VgnVCM1000000a04a8c0RCRD 620 # Cabinet Decision of July 18th, 2008 states as follows: 621 # 622 # 4. ...Cabinet has agreed to the introduction into the National Assembly 623 # of the Time Bill which provides for the introduction of summer time in 624 # Mauritius. The summer time period which will be of one hour ahead of 625 # the standard time, will be aligned with that in Europe and the United 626 # States of America. It will start at two o'clock in the morning on the 627 # last Sunday of October and will end at two o'clock in the morning on 628 # the last Sunday of March the following year. The summer time for the 629 # year 2008-2009 will, therefore, be effective as from 26 October 2008 630 # and end on 29 March 2009. 631 632 # From Ed Maste (2008-10-07): 633 # THE TIME BILL (No. XXVII of 2008) Explanatory Memorandum states the 634 # beginning / ending of summer time is 2 o'clock standard time in the 635 # morning of the last Sunday of October / last Sunday of March. 636 # http://www.gov.mu/portal/goc/assemblysite/file/bill2708.pdf 637 638 # From Steffen Thorsen (2009-06-05): 639 # According to several sources, Mauritius will not continue to observe 640 # DST the coming summer... 641 # 642 # Some sources, in French: 643 # http://www.defimedia.info/news/946/Rashid-Beebeejaun-:-%C2%AB-L%E2%80%99heure-d%E2%80%99%C3%A9t%C3%A9-ne-sera-pas-appliqu%C3%A9e-cette-ann%C3%A9e-%C2%BB 644 # http://lexpress.mu/Story/3398~Beebeejaun---Les-objectifs-d-%C3%A9conomie-d-%C3%A9nergie-de-l-heure-d-%C3%A9t%C3%A9-ont-%C3%A9t%C3%A9-atteints- 645 # 646 # Our wrap-up: 647 # http://www.timeanddate.com/news/time/mauritius-dst-will-not-repeat.html 648 649 # From Arthur David Olson (2009-07-11): 650 # The "mauritius-dst-will-not-repeat" wrapup includes this: 651 # "The trial ended on March 29, 2009, when the clocks moved back by one hour 652 # at 2am (or 02:00) local time..." 653 654 # Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S 655 Rule Mauritius 1982 only - Oct 10 0:00 1:00 S 656 Rule Mauritius 1983 only - Mar 21 0:00 0 - 657 Rule Mauritius 2008 only - Oct lastSun 2:00 1:00 S 658 Rule Mauritius 2009 only - Mar lastSun 2:00 0 - 659 # Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] 660 Zone Indian/Mauritius 3:50:00 - LMT 1907 # Port Louis 661 4:00 Mauritius MU%sT # Mauritius Time 662 # Agalega Is, Rodriguez 663 # no information; probably like Indian/Mauritius 664 665 # Mayotte 666 # Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] 667 Zone Indian/Mayotte 3:00:56 - LMT 1911 Jul # Mamoutzou 668 3:00 - EAT 669 670 # Morocco 671 # See the 'europe' file for Spanish Morocco (Africa/Ceuta). 672 673 # From Alex Krivenyshev (2008-05-09): 674 # Here is an article that Morocco plan to introduce Daylight Saving Time between 675 # 1 June, 2008 and 27 September, 2008. 676 # 677 # "... Morocco is to save energy by adjusting its clock during summer so it will 678 # be one hour ahead of GMT between 1 June and 27 September, according to 679 # Communication Minister and Government Spokesman, Khalid Naciri...." 680 # 681 # http://www.worldtimezone.net/dst_news/dst_news_morocco01.html 682 # http://en.afrik.com/news11892.html 683 684 # From Alex Krivenyshev (2008-05-09): 685 # The Morocco time change can be confirmed on Morocco web site Maghreb Arabe Presse: 686 # http://www.map.ma/eng/sections/box3/morocco_shifts_to_da/view 687 # 688 # Morocco shifts to daylight time on June 1st through September 27, Govt. 689 # spokesman. 690 691 # From Patrice Scattolin (2008-05-09): 692 # According to this article: 693 # http://www.avmaroc.com/actualite/heure-dete-comment-a127896.html 694 # (and republished here: <http://www.actu.ma/heure-dete-comment_i127896_0.html>) 695 # the changes occur at midnight: 696 # 697 # Saturday night May 31st at midnight (which in French is to be 698 # interpreted as the night between Saturday and Sunday) 699 # Sunday night the 28th at midnight 700 # 701 # Seeing that the 28th is Monday, I am guessing that she intends to say 702 # the midnight of the 28th which is the midnight between Sunday and 703 # Monday, which jives with other sources that say that it's inclusive 704 # June 1st to Sept 27th. 705 # 706 # The decision was taken by decree *2-08-224 *but I can't find the decree 707 # published on the web. 708 # 709 # It's also confirmed here: 710 # http://www.maroc.ma/NR/exeres/FACF141F-D910-44B0-B7FA-6E03733425D1.htm 711 # on a government portal as being between June 1st and Sept 27th (not yet 712 # posted in English). 713 # 714 # The following Google query will generate many relevant hits: 715 # http://www.google.com/search?hl=en&q=Conseil+de+gouvernement+maroc+heure+avance&btnG=Search 716 717 # From Steffen Thorsen (2008-08-27): 718 # Morocco will change the clocks back on the midnight between August 31 719 # and September 1. They originally planned to observe DST to near the end 720 # of September: 721 # 722 # One article about it (in French): 723 # http://www.menara.ma/fr/Actualites/Maroc/Societe/ci.retour_a_l_heure_gmt_a_partir_du_dimanche_31_aout_a_minuit_officiel_.default 724 # 725 # We have some further details posted here: 726 # http://www.timeanddate.com/news/time/morocco-ends-dst-early-2008.html 727 728 # From Steffen Thorsen (2009-03-17): 729 # Morocco will observe DST from 2009-06-01 00:00 to 2009-08-21 00:00 according 730 # to many sources, such as 731 # http://news.marweb.com/morocco/entertainment/morocco-daylight-saving.html 732 # http://www.medi1sat.ma/fr/depeche.aspx?idp=2312 733 # (French) 734 # 735 # Our summary: 736 # http://www.timeanddate.com/news/time/morocco-starts-dst-2009.html 737 738 # From Alexander Krivenyshev (2009-03-17): 739 # Here is a link to official document from Royaume du Maroc Premier Ministre, 740 # Ministre de la Modernisation des Secteurs Publics 741 # 742 # Under Article 1 of Royal Decree No. 455-67 of Act 23 safar 1387 (2 june 1967) 743 # concerning the amendment of the legal time, the Ministry of Modernization of 744 # Public Sectors announced that the official time in the Kingdom will be 745 # advanced 60 minutes from Sunday 31 May 2009 at midnight. 746 # 747 # http://www.mmsp.gov.ma/francais/Actualites_fr/PDF_Actualites_Fr/HeureEte_FR.pdf 748 # http://www.worldtimezone.com/dst_news/dst_news_morocco03.html 749 750 # From Steffen Thorsen (2010-04-13): 751 # Several news media in Morocco report that the Ministry of Modernization 752 # of Public Sectors has announced that Morocco will have DST from 753 # 2010-05-02 to 2010-08-08. 754 # 755 # Example: 756 # http://www.lavieeco.com/actualites/4099-le-maroc-passera-a-l-heure-d-ete-gmt1-le-2-mai.html 757 # (French) 758 # Our page: 759 # http://www.timeanddate.com/news/time/morocco-starts-dst-2010.html 760 761 # From Dan Abitol (2011-03-30): 762 # ...Rules for Africa/Casablanca are the following (24h format) 763 # The 3rd april 2011 at 00:00:00, [it] will be 3rd april 1:00:00 764 # The 31th july 2011 at 00:59:59, [it] will be 31th July 00:00:00 765 # ...Official links of change in morocco 766 # The change was broadcast on the FM Radio 767 # I ve called ANRT (telecom regulations in Morocco) at 768 # +212.537.71.84.00 769 # http://www.anrt.net.ma/fr/ 770 # They said that 771 # http://www.map.ma/fr/sections/accueil/l_heure_legale_au_ma/view 772 # is the official publication to look at. 773 # They said that the decision was already taken. 774 # 775 # More articles in the press 776 # http://www.yabiladi.com/articles/details/5058/secret-l-heure-d-ete-maroc-leve.html 777 # http://www.lematin.ma/Actualite/Express/Article.asp?id=148923 778 # http://www.lavieeco.com/actualite/Le-Maroc-passe-sur-GMT%2B1-a-partir-de-dim 779 780 # From Petr Machata (2011-03-30): 781 # They have it written in English here: 782 # http://www.map.ma/eng/sections/home/morocco_to_spring_fo/view 783 # 784 # It says there that "Morocco will resume its standard time on July 31, 785 # 2011 at midnight." Now they don't say whether they mean midnight of 786 # wall clock time (i.e. 11pm UTC), but that's what I would assume. It has 787 # also been like that in the past. 788 789 # From Alexander Krivenyshev (2012-03-09): 790 # According to Infomdiaire web site from Morocco (infomediaire.ma), 791 # on March 9, 2012, (in French) Heure lgale: 792 # Le Maroc adopte officiellement l'heure d't 793 # http://www.infomediaire.ma/news/maroc/heure-l%C3%A9gale-le-maroc-adopte-officiellement-lheure-d%C3%A9t%C3%A9 794 # Governing Council adopted draft decree, that Morocco DST starts on 795 # the last Sunday of March (March 25, 2012) and ends on 796 # last Sunday of September (September 30, 2012) 797 # except the month of Ramadan. 798 # or (brief) 799 # http://www.worldtimezone.com/dst_news/dst_news_morocco06.html 800 801 # From Arthur David Olson (2012-03-10): 802 # The infomediaire.ma source indicates that the system is to be in 803 # effect every year. It gives 03H00 as the "fall back" time of day; 804 # it lacks a "spring forward" time of day; assume 2:00 XXX. 805 # Wait on specifying the Ramadan exception for details about 806 # start date, start time of day, end date, and end time of day XXX. 807 808 # From Christophe Tropamer (2012-03-16): 809 # Seen Morocco change again: 810 # http://www.le2uminutes.com/actualite.php 811 # "... partir du dernier dimanche d'avril et non fins mars, 812 # comme annonc prcdemment." 813 814 # From Milamber Space Network (2012-07-17): 815 # The official return to GMT is announced by the Moroccan government: 816 # http://www.mmsp.gov.ma/fr/actualites.aspx?id=288 [in French] 817 # 818 # Google translation, lightly edited: 819 # Back to the standard time of the Kingdom (GMT) 820 # Pursuant to Decree No. 2-12-126 issued on 26 Jumada (I) 1433 (April 18, 821 # 2012) and in accordance with the order of Mr. President of the 822 # Government No. 3-47-12 issued on 24 Sha'ban (11 July 2012), the Ministry 823 # of Public Service and Administration Modernization announces the return 824 # of the legal time of the Kingdom (GMT) from Friday, July 20, 2012 until 825 # Monday, August 20, 2012. So the time will be delayed by 60 minutes from 826 # 3:00 am Friday, July 20, 2012 and will again be advanced by 60 minutes 827 # August 20, 2012 from 2:00 am. 828 829 # From Paul Eggert (2013-03-06): 830 # Morocco's daylight-saving transitions due to Ramadan seem to be 831 # announced a bit in advance. On 2012-07-11 the Moroccan government 832 # announced that year's Ramadan daylight-saving transitions would be 833 # 2012-07-20 and 2012-08-20; see 834 # <http://www.mmsp.gov.ma/fr/actualites.aspx?id=288>. 835 836 # From Andrew Paprocki (2013-07-02): 837 # Morocco announced that the year's Ramadan daylight-savings 838 # transitions would be 2013-07-07 and 2013-08-10; see: 839 # http://www.maroc.ma/en/news/morocco-suspends-daylight-saving-time-july-7-aug10 840 841 # From Steffen Thorsen (2013-09-28): 842 # Morocco extends DST by one month, on very short notice, just 1 day 843 # before it was going to end. There is a new decree (2.13.781) for 844 # this, where DST from now on goes from last Sunday of March at 02:00 845 # to last Sunday of October at 03:00, similar to EU rules. Official 846 # source (French): 847 # http://www.maroc.gov.ma/fr/actualites/lhoraire-dete-gmt1-maintenu-jusquau-27-octobre-2013 848 # Another source (specifying the time for start and end in the decree): 849 # http://www.lemag.ma/Heure-d-ete-au-Maroc-jusqu-au-27-octobre_a75620.html 850 851 # From Sebastien Willemijns (2014-03-18): 852 # http://www.afriquinfos.com/articles/2014/3/18/maroc-heure-dete-avancez-tous-horloges-247891.asp 853 854 # From Milamber Space Network (2014-06-05): 855 # The Moroccan government has recently announced that the country will return 856 # to standard time at 03:00 on Saturday, June 28, 2014 local time.... DST 857 # will resume again at 02:00 on Saturday, August 2, 2014.... 858 # http://www.mmsp.gov.ma/fr/actualites.aspx?id=586 859 860 # From Paul Eggert (2014-06-05): 861 # For now, guess that later spring and fall transitions will use 2014's rules, 862 # and guess that Morocco will switch to standard time at 03:00 the last 863 # Saturday before Ramadan, and back to DST at 02:00 the first Saturday after 864 # Ramadan. To implement this, transition dates for 2015 through 2037 were 865 # determined by running the following program under GNU Emacs 24.3, with the 866 # results integrated by hand into the table below. 867 # (let ((islamic-year 1436)) 868 # (while (< islamic-year 1460) 869 # (let ((a (calendar-islamic-to-absolute (list 9 1 islamic-year))) 870 # (b (calendar-islamic-to-absolute (list 10 1 islamic-year))) 871 # (saturday 6)) 872 # (while (/= saturday (mod (setq a (1- a)) 7))) 873 # (while (/= saturday (mod b 7)) 874 # (setq b (1+ b))) 875 # (setq a (calendar-gregorian-from-absolute a)) 876 # (setq b (calendar-gregorian-from-absolute b)) 877 # (insert 878 # (format 879 # (concat "Rule\tMorocco\t%d\tonly\t-\t%s\t%2d\t 3:00\t0\t-\n" 880 # "Rule\tMorocco\t%d\tonly\t-\t%s\t%2d\t 2:00\t1:00\tS\n") 881 # (car (cdr (cdr a))) (calendar-month-name (car a) t) (car (cdr a)) 882 # (car (cdr (cdr b))) (calendar-month-name (car b) t) (car (cdr b))))) 883 # (setq islamic-year (+ 1 islamic-year)))) 884 885 # RULE NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S 886 887 Rule Morocco 1939 only - Sep 12 0:00 1:00 S 888 Rule Morocco 1939 only - Nov 19 0:00 0 - 889 Rule Morocco 1940 only - Feb 25 0:00 1:00 S 890 Rule Morocco 1945 only - Nov 18 0:00 0 - 891 Rule Morocco 1950 only - Jun 11 0:00 1:00 S 892 Rule Morocco 1950 only - Oct 29 0:00 0 - 893 Rule Morocco 1967 only - Jun 3 12:00 1:00 S 894 Rule Morocco 1967 only - Oct 1 0:00 0 - 895 Rule Morocco 1974 only - Jun 24 0:00 1:00 S 896 Rule Morocco 1974 only - Sep 1 0:00 0 - 897 Rule Morocco 1976 1977 - May 1 0:00 1:00 S 898 Rule Morocco 1976 only - Aug 1 0:00 0 - 899 Rule Morocco 1977 only - Sep 28 0:00 0 - 900 Rule Morocco 1978 only - Jun 1 0:00 1:00 S 901 Rule Morocco 1978 only - Aug 4 0:00 0 - 902 Rule Morocco 2008 only - Jun 1 0:00 1:00 S 903 Rule Morocco 2008 only - Sep 1 0:00 0 - 904 Rule Morocco 2009 only - Jun 1 0:00 1:00 S 905 Rule Morocco 2009 only - Aug 21 0:00 0 - 906 Rule Morocco 2010 only - May 2 0:00 1:00 S 907 Rule Morocco 2010 only - Aug 8 0:00 0 - 908 Rule Morocco 2011 only - Apr 3 0:00 1:00 S 909 Rule Morocco 2011 only - Jul 31 0 0 - 910 Rule Morocco 2012 2013 - Apr lastSun 2:00 1:00 S 911 Rule Morocco 2012 only - Sep 30 3:00 0 - 912 Rule Morocco 2012 only - Jul 20 3:00 0 - 913 Rule Morocco 2012 only - Aug 20 2:00 1:00 S 914 Rule Morocco 2013 only - Jul 7 3:00 0 - 915 Rule Morocco 2013 only - Aug 10 2:00 1:00 S 916 Rule Morocco 2013 max - Oct lastSun 3:00 0 - 917 Rule Morocco 2014 2022 - Mar lastSun 2:00 1:00 S 918 Rule Morocco 2014 only - Jun 28 3:00 0 - 919 Rule Morocco 2014 only - Aug 2 2:00 1:00 S 920 Rule Morocco 2015 only - Jun 13 3:00 0 - 921 Rule Morocco 2015 only - Jul 18 2:00 1:00 S 922 Rule Morocco 2016 only - Jun 4 3:00 0 - 923 Rule Morocco 2016 only - Jul 9 2:00 1:00 S 924 Rule Morocco 2017 only - May 20 3:00 0 - 925 Rule Morocco 2017 only - Jul 1 2:00 1:00 S 926 Rule Morocco 2018 only - May 12 3:00 0 - 927 Rule Morocco 2018 only - Jun 16 2:00 1:00 S 928 Rule Morocco 2019 only - May 4 3:00 0 - 929 Rule Morocco 2019 only - Jun 8 2:00 1:00 S 930 Rule Morocco 2020 only - Apr 18 3:00 0 - 931 Rule Morocco 2020 only - May 30 2:00 1:00 S 932 Rule Morocco 2021 only - Apr 10 3:00 0 - 933 Rule Morocco 2021 only - May 15 2:00 1:00 S 934 Rule Morocco 2022 only - Apr 2 3:00 0 - 935 Rule Morocco 2022 only - May 7 2:00 1:00 S 936 Rule Morocco 2023 only - Apr 22 2:00 1:00 S 937 Rule Morocco 2024 only - Apr 13 2:00 1:00 S 938 Rule Morocco 2025 only - Apr 5 2:00 1:00 S 939 Rule Morocco 2026 max - Mar lastSun 2:00 1:00 S 940 Rule Morocco 2035 only - Oct 27 3:00 0 - 941 Rule Morocco 2036 only - Oct 18 3:00 0 - 942 Rule Morocco 2037 only - Oct 10 3:00 0 - 943 944 # Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] 945 Zone Africa/Casablanca -0:30:20 - LMT 1913 Oct 26 946 0:00 Morocco WE%sT 1984 Mar 16 947 1:00 - CET 1986 948 0:00 Morocco WE%sT 949 950 # Western Sahara 951 # 952 # From Gwillim Law (2013-10-22): 953 # A correspondent who is usually well informed about time zone matters 954 # ... says that Western Sahara observes daylight saving time, just as 955 # Morocco does. 956 # 957 # From Paul Eggert (2013-10-23): 958 # Assume that this has been true since Western Sahara switched to GMT, 959 # since most of it was then controlled by Morocco. 960 961 Zone Africa/El_Aaiun -0:52:48 - LMT 1934 Jan # El Aain 962 -1:00 - WAT 1976 Apr 14 963 0:00 Morocco WE%sT 964 965 # Mozambique 966 # Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] 967 Zone Africa/Maputo 2:10:20 - LMT 1903 Mar 968 2:00 - CAT 969 970 # Namibia 971 # The 1994-04-03 transition is from Shanks & Pottenger. 972 # Shanks & Pottenger report no DST after 1998-04; go with IATA. 973 974 # From Petronella Sibeene (2007-03-30) in 975 # <http://allafrica.com/stories/200703300178.html>: 976 # While the entire country changes its time, Katima Mulilo and other 977 # settlements in Caprivi unofficially will not because the sun there 978 # rises and sets earlier compared to other regions. Chief of 979 # Forecasting Riaan van Zyl explained that the far eastern parts of 980 # the country are close to 40 minutes earlier in sunrise than the rest 981 # of the country. 982 # 983 # From Paul Eggert (2007-03-31): 984 # Apparently the Caprivi Strip informally observes Botswana time, but 985 # we have no details. In the meantime people there can use Africa/Gaborone. 986 987 # RULE NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S 988 Rule Namibia 1994 max - Sep Sun>=1 2:00 1:00 S 989 Rule Namibia 1995 max - Apr Sun>=1 2:00 0 - 990 # Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] 991 Zone Africa/Windhoek 1:08:24 - LMT 1892 Feb 8 992 1:30 - SWAT 1903 Mar # SW Africa Time 993 2:00 - SAST 1942 Sep 20 2:00 994 2:00 1:00 SAST 1943 Mar 21 2:00 995 2:00 - SAST 1990 Mar 21 # independence 996 2:00 - CAT 1994 Apr 3 997 1:00 Namibia WA%sT 998 999 # Niger 1000 # Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] 1001 Zone Africa/Niamey 0:08:28 - LMT 1912 1002 -1:00 - WAT 1934 Feb 26 1003 0:00 - GMT 1960 1004 1:00 - WAT 1005 1006 # Nigeria 1007 # Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] 1008 Zone Africa/Lagos 0:13:36 - LMT 1919 Sep 1009 1:00 - WAT 1010 1011 # Runion 1012 # Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] 1013 Zone Indian/Reunion 3:41:52 - LMT 1911 Jun # Saint-Denis 1014 4:00 - RET # Runion Time 1015 # 1016 # Crozet Islands also observes Runion time; see the 'antarctica' file. 1017 # 1018 # Scattered Islands (les parses) administered from Runion are as follows. 1019 # The following information about them is taken from 1020 # les parses (<http://www.outre-mer.gouv.fr/domtom/ile.htm>, 1997-07-22, 1021 # in French; no longer available as of 1999-08-17). 1022 # We have no info about their time zone histories. 1023 # 1024 # Bassas da India - uninhabited 1025 # Europa Island - inhabited from 1905 to 1910 by two families 1026 # Glorioso Is - inhabited until at least 1958 1027 # Juan de Nova - uninhabited 1028 # Tromelin - inhabited until at least 1958 1029 1030 # Rwanda 1031 # Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] 1032 Zone Africa/Kigali 2:00:16 - LMT 1935 Jun 1033 2:00 - CAT 1034 1035 # St Helena 1036 # See Africa/Abidjan. 1037 # The other parts of the St Helena territory are similar: 1038 # Tristan da Cunha: on GMT, say Whitman and the CIA 1039 # Ascension: on GMT, say the USNO (1995-12-21) and the CIA 1040 # Gough (scientific station since 1955; sealers wintered previously): 1041 # on GMT, says the CIA 1042 # Inaccessible, Nightingale: uninhabited 1043 1044 # So Tom and Prncipe 1045 # Senegal 1046 # See Africa/Abidjan. 1047 1048 # Seychelles 1049 # Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] 1050 Zone Indian/Mahe 3:41:48 - LMT 1906 Jun # Victoria 1051 4:00 - SCT # Seychelles Time 1052 # From Paul Eggert (2001-05-30): 1053 # Aldabra, Farquhar, and Desroches, originally dependencies of the 1054 # Seychelles, were transferred to the British Indian Ocean Territory 1055 # in 1965 and returned to Seychelles control in 1976. We don't know 1056 # whether this affected their time zone, so omit this for now. 1057 # Possibly the islands were uninhabited. 1058 1059 # Sierra Leone 1060 # See Africa/Abidjan. 1061 1062 # Somalia 1063 # Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] 1064 Zone Africa/Mogadishu 3:01:28 - LMT 1893 Nov 1065 3:00 - EAT 1931 1066 2:30 - BEAT 1957 1067 3:00 - EAT 1068 1069 # South Africa 1070 # Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S 1071 Rule SA 1942 1943 - Sep Sun>=15 2:00 1:00 - 1072 Rule SA 1943 1944 - Mar Sun>=15 2:00 0 - 1073 # Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] 1074 Zone Africa/Johannesburg 1:52:00 - LMT 1892 Feb 8 1075 1:30 - SAST 1903 Mar 1076 2:00 SA SAST 1077 # Marion and Prince Edward Is 1078 # scientific station since 1947 1079 # no information 1080 1081 # Sudan 1082 # 1083 # From <http://www.sunanews.net/sn13jane.html> 1084 # Sudan News Agency (2000-01-13), 1085 # also reported by Michal De Beukelaer-Dossche via Steffen Thorsen: 1086 # Clocks will be moved ahead for 60 minutes all over the Sudan as of noon 1087 # Saturday.... This was announced Thursday by Caretaker State Minister for 1088 # Manpower Abdul-Rahman Nur-Eddin. 1089 # 1090 # Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S 1091 Rule Sudan 1970 only - May 1 0:00 1:00 S 1092 Rule Sudan 1970 1985 - Oct 15 0:00 0 - 1093 Rule Sudan 1971 only - Apr 30 0:00 1:00 S 1094 Rule Sudan 1972 1985 - Apr lastSun 0:00 1:00 S 1095 # Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] 1096 Zone Africa/Khartoum 2:10:08 - LMT 1931 1097 2:00 Sudan CA%sT 2000 Jan 15 12:00 1098 3:00 - EAT 1099 1100 # South Sudan 1101 Link Africa/Khartoum Africa/Juba 1102 1103 # Swaziland 1104 # Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] 1105 Zone Africa/Mbabane 2:04:24 - LMT 1903 Mar 1106 2:00 - SAST 1107 1108 # Tanzania 1109 # Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] 1110 Zone Africa/Dar_es_Salaam 2:37:08 - LMT 1931 1111 3:00 - EAT 1948 1112 2:45 - BEAUT 1961 1113 3:00 - EAT 1114 1115 # Togo 1116 # See Africa/Abidjan. 1117 1118 # Tunisia 1119 1120 # From Gwillim Law (2005-04-30): 1121 # My correspondent, Risto Nyknen, has alerted me to another adoption of DST, 1122 # this time in Tunisia. According to Yahoo France News 1123 # <http://fr.news.yahoo.com/050426/5/4dumk.html>, in a story attributed to AP 1124 # and dated 2005-04-26, "Tunisia has decided to advance its official time by 1125 # one hour, starting on Sunday, May 1. Henceforth, Tunisian time will be 1126 # UTC+2 instead of UTC+1. The change will take place at 23:00 UTC next 1127 # Saturday." (My translation) 1128 # 1129 # From Oscar van Vlijmen (2005-05-02): 1130 # La Presse, the first national daily newspaper ... 1131 # <http://www.lapresse.tn/archives/archives280405/actualites/lheure.html> 1132 # ... DST for 2005: on: Sun May 1 0h standard time, off: Fri Sept. 30, 1133 # 1h standard time. 1134 # 1135 # From Atef Loukil (2006-03-28): 1136 # The daylight saving time will be the same each year: 1137 # Beginning : the last Sunday of March at 02:00 1138 # Ending : the last Sunday of October at 03:00 ... 1139 # http://www.tap.info.tn/en/index.php?option=com_content&task=view&id=1188&Itemid=50 1140 1141 # From Steffen Thorsen (2009-03-16): 1142 # According to several news sources, Tunisia will not observe DST this year. 1143 # (Arabic) 1144 # http://www.elbashayer.com/?page=viewn&nid=42546 1145 # http://www.babnet.net/kiwidetail-15295.asp 1146 # 1147 # We have also confirmed this with the US embassy in Tunisia. 1148 # We have a wrap-up about this on the following page: 1149 # http://www.timeanddate.com/news/time/tunisia-cancels-dst-2009.html 1150 1151 # From Alexander Krivenyshev (2009-03-17): 1152 # Here is a link to Tunis Afrique Presse News Agency 1153 # 1154 # Standard time to be kept the whole year long (tap.info.tn): 1155 # 1156 # (in English) 1157 # http://www.tap.info.tn/en/index.php?option=com_content&task=view&id=26813&Itemid=157 1158 # 1159 # (in Arabic) 1160 # http://www.tap.info.tn/ar/index.php?option=com_content&task=view&id=61240&Itemid=1 1161 1162 # From Arthur David Olson (2009-03-18): 1163 # The Tunis Afrique Presse News Agency notice contains this: "This measure is 1164 # due to the fact that the fasting month of Ramadan coincides with the period 1165 # concerned by summer time. Therefore, the standard time will be kept 1166 # unchanged the whole year long." So foregoing DST seems to be an exception 1167 # (albeit one that may be repeated in the future). 1168 1169 # From Alexander Krivenyshev (2010-03-27): 1170 # According to some news reports Tunis confirmed not to use DST in 2010 1171 # 1172 # (translation): 1173 # "The Tunisian government has decided to abandon DST, which was scheduled on 1174 # Sunday... 1175 # Tunisian authorities had suspended the DST for the first time last year also 1176 # coincided with the month of Ramadan..." 1177 # 1178 # (in Arabic) 1179 # http://www.moheet.com/show_news.aspx?nid=358861&pg=1 1180 # http://www.almadenahnews.com/newss/news.php?c=118&id=38036 1181 # http://www.worldtimezone.com/dst_news/dst_news_tunis02.html 1182 1183 # Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S 1184 Rule Tunisia 1939 only - Apr 15 23:00s 1:00 S 1185 Rule Tunisia 1939 only - Nov 18 23:00s 0 - 1186 Rule Tunisia 1940 only - Feb 25 23:00s 1:00 S 1187 Rule Tunisia 1941 only - Oct 6 0:00 0 - 1188 Rule Tunisia 1942 only - Mar 9 0:00 1:00 S 1189 Rule Tunisia 1942 only - Nov 2 3:00 0 - 1190 Rule Tunisia 1943 only - Mar 29 2:00 1:00 S 1191 Rule Tunisia 1943 only - Apr 17 2:00 0 - 1192 Rule Tunisia 1943 only - Apr 25 2:00 1:00 S 1193 Rule Tunisia 1943 only - Oct 4 2:00 0 - 1194 Rule Tunisia 1944 1945 - Apr Mon>=1 2:00 1:00 S 1195 Rule Tunisia 1944 only - Oct 8 0:00 0 - 1196 Rule Tunisia 1945 only - Sep 16 0:00 0 - 1197 Rule Tunisia 1977 only - Apr 30 0:00s 1:00 S 1198 Rule Tunisia 1977 only - Sep 24 0:00s 0 - 1199 Rule Tunisia 1978 only - May 1 0:00s 1:00 S 1200 Rule Tunisia 1978 only - Oct 1 0:00s 0 - 1201 Rule Tunisia 1988 only - Jun 1 0:00s 1:00 S 1202 Rule Tunisia 1988 1990 - Sep lastSun 0:00s 0 - 1203 Rule Tunisia 1989 only - Mar 26 0:00s 1:00 S 1204 Rule Tunisia 1990 only - May 1 0:00s 1:00 S 1205 Rule Tunisia 2005 only - May 1 0:00s 1:00 S 1206 Rule Tunisia 2005 only - Sep 30 1:00s 0 - 1207 Rule Tunisia 2006 2008 - Mar lastSun 2:00s 1:00 S 1208 Rule Tunisia 2006 2008 - Oct lastSun 2:00s 0 - 1209 1210 # Shanks & Pottenger give 0:09:20 for Paris Mean Time; go with Howse's 1211 # more precise 0:09:21. 1212 # Shanks & Pottenger say the 1911 switch was on Mar 9; go with Howse's Mar 11. 1213 # Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] 1214 Zone Africa/Tunis 0:40:44 - LMT 1881 May 12 1215 0:09:21 - PMT 1911 Mar 11 # Paris Mean Time 1216 1:00 Tunisia CE%sT 1217 1218 # Uganda 1219 # Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] 1220 Zone Africa/Kampala 2:09:40 - LMT 1928 Jul 1221 3:00 - EAT 1930 1222 2:30 - BEAT 1948 1223 2:45 - BEAUT 1957 1224 3:00 - EAT 1225 1226 # Zambia 1227 # Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] 1228 Zone Africa/Lusaka 1:53:08 - LMT 1903 Mar 1229 2:00 - CAT 1230 1231 # Zimbabwe 1232 # Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] 1233 Zone Africa/Harare 2:04:12 - LMT 1903 Mar 1234 2:00 - CAT 1235
Indexes created Mon Apr 27 00:23:16 UTC 2026