africa revision 1.1.1.1.4.1
1 # This file is in the public domain, so clarified as of 2 # 2009-05-17 by Arthur David Olson. 3 4 # This file is by no means authoritative; if you think you know better, 5 # go ahead and edit the file (and please send any changes to 6 # tz (a] iana.org for general use in the future). For more, please see 7 # the file CONTRIBUTING in the tz distribution. 8 9 # From Paul Eggert (2013-02-21): 10 # 11 # A good source for time zone historical data outside the U.S. is 12 # Thomas G. Shanks and Rique Pottenger, The International Atlas (6th edition), 13 # San Diego: ACS Publications, Inc. (2003). 14 # 15 # Gwillim Law writes that a good source 16 # for recent time zone data is the International Air Transport 17 # Association's Standard Schedules Information Manual (IATA SSIM), 18 # published semiannually. Law sent in several helpful summaries 19 # of the IATA's data after 1990. 20 # 21 # Except where otherwise noted, Shanks & Pottenger is the source for 22 # entries through 1990, and IATA SSIM is the source for entries afterwards. 23 # 24 # Another source occasionally used is Edward W. Whitman, World Time Differences, 25 # Whitman Publishing Co, 2 Niagara Av, Ealing, London (undated), which 26 # I found in the UCLA library. 27 # 28 # For data circa 1899, a common source is: 29 # Milne J. Civil time. Geogr J. 1899 Feb;13(2):173-94. 30 # http://www.jstor.org/stable/1774359 31 # 32 # A reliable and entertaining source about time zones is 33 # Derek Howse, Greenwich time and longitude, Philip Wilson Publishers (1997). 34 # 35 # Previous editions of this database used WAT, CAT, SAT, and EAT 36 # for +0:00 through +3:00, respectively, 37 # but Mark R V Murray reports that 38 # 'SAST' is the official abbreviation for +2:00 in the country of South Africa, 39 # 'CAT' is commonly used for +2:00 in countries north of South Africa, and 40 # 'WAT' is probably the best name for +1:00, as the common phrase for 41 # the area that includes Nigeria is "West Africa". 42 # He has heard of "Western Sahara Time" for +0:00 but can find no reference. 43 # 44 # To make things confusing, 'WAT' seems to have been used for -1:00 long ago; 45 # I'd guess that this was because people needed _some_ name for -1:00, 46 # and at the time, far west Africa was the only major land area in -1:00. 47 # This usage is now obsolete, as the last use of -1:00 on the African 48 # mainland seems to have been 1976 in Western Sahara. 49 # 50 # To summarize, the following abbreviations seem to have some currency: 51 # -1:00 WAT West Africa Time (no longer used) 52 # 0:00 GMT Greenwich Mean Time 53 # 2:00 CAT Central Africa Time 54 # 2:00 SAST South Africa Standard Time 55 # and Murray suggests the following abbreviation: 56 # 1:00 WAT West Africa Time 57 # I realize that this leads to 'WAT' being used for both -1:00 and 1:00 58 # for times before 1976, but this is the best I can think of 59 # until we get more information. 60 # 61 # I invented the following abbreviations; corrections are welcome! 62 # 2:00 WAST West Africa Summer Time 63 # 2:30 BEAT British East Africa Time (no longer used) 64 # 2:45 BEAUT British East Africa Unified Time (no longer used) 65 # 3:00 CAST Central Africa Summer Time (no longer used) 66 # 3:00 SAST South Africa Summer Time (no longer used) 67 # 3:00 EAT East Africa Time 68 # 4:00 EAST East Africa Summer Time (no longer used) 69 70 # Algeria 71 # Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S 72 Rule Algeria 1916 only - Jun 14 23:00s 1:00 S 73 Rule Algeria 1916 1919 - Oct Sun>=1 23:00s 0 - 74 Rule Algeria 1917 only - Mar 24 23:00s 1:00 S 75 Rule Algeria 1918 only - Mar 9 23:00s 1:00 S 76 Rule Algeria 1919 only - Mar 1 23:00s 1:00 S 77 Rule Algeria 1920 only - Feb 14 23:00s 1:00 S 78 Rule Algeria 1920 only - Oct 23 23:00s 0 - 79 Rule Algeria 1921 only - Mar 14 23:00s 1:00 S 80 Rule Algeria 1921 only - Jun 21 23:00s 0 - 81 Rule Algeria 1939 only - Sep 11 23:00s 1:00 S 82 Rule Algeria 1939 only - Nov 19 1:00 0 - 83 Rule Algeria 1944 1945 - Apr Mon>=1 2:00 1:00 S 84 Rule Algeria 1944 only - Oct 8 2:00 0 - 85 Rule Algeria 1945 only - Sep 16 1:00 0 - 86 Rule Algeria 1971 only - Apr 25 23:00s 1:00 S 87 Rule Algeria 1971 only - Sep 26 23:00s 0 - 88 Rule Algeria 1977 only - May 6 0:00 1:00 S 89 Rule Algeria 1977 only - Oct 21 0:00 0 - 90 Rule Algeria 1978 only - Mar 24 1:00 1:00 S 91 Rule Algeria 1978 only - Sep 22 3:00 0 - 92 Rule Algeria 1980 only - Apr 25 0:00 1:00 S 93 Rule Algeria 1980 only - Oct 31 2:00 0 - 94 # Shanks & Pottenger give 0:09:20 for Paris Mean Time; go with Howse's 95 # more precise 0:09:21. 96 # Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] 97 Zone Africa/Algiers 0:12:12 - LMT 1891 Mar 15 0:01 98 0:09:21 - PMT 1911 Mar 11 # Paris Mean Time 99 0:00 Algeria WE%sT 1940 Feb 25 2:00 100 1:00 Algeria CE%sT 1946 Oct 7 101 0:00 - WET 1956 Jan 29 102 1:00 - CET 1963 Apr 14 103 0:00 Algeria WE%sT 1977 Oct 21 104 1:00 Algeria CE%sT 1979 Oct 26 105 0:00 Algeria WE%sT 1981 May 106 1:00 - CET 107 108 # Angola 109 # Benin 110 # See Africa/Lagos. 111 112 # Botswana 113 # From Paul Eggert (2013-02-21): 114 # Milne says they were regulated by the Cape Town Signal in 1899; 115 # assume they switched to 2:00 when Cape Town did. 116 # Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] 117 Zone Africa/Gaborone 1:43:40 - LMT 1885 118 1:30 - SAST 1903 Mar 119 2:00 - CAT 1943 Sep 19 2:00 120 2:00 1:00 CAST 1944 Mar 19 2:00 121 2:00 - CAT 122 123 # Burkina Faso 124 # See Africa/Abidjan. 125 126 # Burundi 127 # Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] 128 Zone Africa/Bujumbura 1:57:28 - LMT 1890 129 2:00 - CAT 130 131 # Cameroon 132 # See Africa/Lagos. 133 134 # Cape Verde 135 # 136 # Shanks gives 1907 for the transition to CVT. 137 # Perhaps the 1911-05-26 Portuguese decree 138 # http://dre.pt/pdf1sdip/1911/05/12500/23132313.pdf 139 # merely made it official? 140 # 141 # Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] 142 Zone Atlantic/Cape_Verde -1:34:04 - LMT 1907 # Praia 143 -2:00 - CVT 1942 Sep 144 -2:00 1:00 CVST 1945 Oct 15 145 -2:00 - CVT 1975 Nov 25 2:00 146 -1:00 - CVT 147 148 # Central African Republic 149 # See Africa/Lagos. 150 151 # Chad 152 # Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] 153 Zone Africa/Ndjamena 1:00:12 - LMT 1912 # N'Djamena 154 1:00 - WAT 1979 Oct 14 155 1:00 1:00 WAST 1980 Mar 8 156 1:00 - WAT 157 158 # Comoros 159 # Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] 160 Zone Indian/Comoro 2:53:04 - LMT 1911 Jul # Moroni, Gran Comoro 161 3:00 - EAT 162 163 # Democratic Republic of the Congo 164 # Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] 165 Zone Africa/Lubumbashi 1:49:52 - LMT 1897 Nov 9 166 2:00 - CAT 167 # The above is for the eastern part; see Africa/Lagos for the western part. 168 169 # Republic of the Congo 170 # See Africa/Lagos. 171 172 # Cte d'Ivoire / Ivory Coast 173 # Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] 174 Zone Africa/Abidjan -0:16:08 - LMT 1912 175 0:00 - GMT 176 Link Africa/Abidjan Africa/Bamako # Mali 177 Link Africa/Abidjan Africa/Banjul # Gambia 178 Link Africa/Abidjan Africa/Conakry # Guinea 179 Link Africa/Abidjan Africa/Dakar # Senegal 180 Link Africa/Abidjan Africa/Freetown # Sierra Leone 181 Link Africa/Abidjan Africa/Lome # Togo 182 Link Africa/Abidjan Africa/Nouakchott # Mauritania 183 Link Africa/Abidjan Africa/Ouagadougou # Burkina Faso 184 Link Africa/Abidjan Africa/Sao_Tome # So Tom and Prncipe 185 Link Africa/Abidjan Atlantic/St_Helena # St Helena 186 187 # Djibouti 188 # Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] 189 Zone Africa/Djibouti 2:52:36 - LMT 1911 Jul 190 3:00 - EAT 191 192 ############################################################################### 193 194 # Egypt 195 196 # Milne says Cairo used 2:05:08.9, the local mean time of the Abbasizeh 197 # observatory; round to nearest. Milne also says that the official time for 198 # Egypt was mean noon at the Great Pyramid, 2:04:30.5, but apparently this 199 # did not apply to Cairo, Alexandria, or Port Said. 200 201 # Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S 202 Rule Egypt 1940 only - Jul 15 0:00 1:00 S 203 Rule Egypt 1940 only - Oct 1 0:00 0 - 204 Rule Egypt 1941 only - Apr 15 0:00 1:00 S 205 Rule Egypt 1941 only - Sep 16 0:00 0 - 206 Rule Egypt 1942 1944 - Apr 1 0:00 1:00 S 207 Rule Egypt 1942 only - Oct 27 0:00 0 - 208 Rule Egypt 1943 1945 - Nov 1 0:00 0 - 209 Rule Egypt 1945 only - Apr 16 0:00 1:00 S 210 Rule Egypt 1957 only - May 10 0:00 1:00 S 211 Rule Egypt 1957 1958 - Oct 1 0:00 0 - 212 Rule Egypt 1958 only - May 1 0:00 1:00 S 213 Rule Egypt 1959 1981 - May 1 1:00 1:00 S 214 Rule Egypt 1959 1965 - Sep 30 3:00 0 - 215 Rule Egypt 1966 1994 - Oct 1 3:00 0 - 216 Rule Egypt 1982 only - Jul 25 1:00 1:00 S 217 Rule Egypt 1983 only - Jul 12 1:00 1:00 S 218 Rule Egypt 1984 1988 - May 1 1:00 1:00 S 219 Rule Egypt 1989 only - May 6 1:00 1:00 S 220 Rule Egypt 1990 1994 - May 1 1:00 1:00 S 221 # IATA (after 1990) says transitions are at 0:00. 222 # Go with IATA starting in 1995, except correct 1995 entry from 09-30 to 09-29. 223 224 # From Alexander Krivenyshev (2011-04-20): 225 # "...Egypt's interim cabinet decided on Wednesday to cancel daylight 226 # saving time after a poll posted on its website showed the majority of 227 # Egyptians would approve the cancellation." 228 # 229 # Egypt to cancel daylight saving time 230 # http://www.almasryalyoum.com/en/node/407168 231 # or 232 # http://www.worldtimezone.com/dst_news/dst_news_egypt04.html 233 Rule Egypt 1995 2010 - Apr lastFri 0:00s 1:00 S 234 Rule Egypt 1995 2005 - Sep lastThu 24:00 0 - 235 # From Steffen Thorsen (2006-09-19): 236 # The Egyptian Gazette, issue 41,090 (2006-09-18), page 1, reports: 237 # Egypt will turn back clocks by one hour at the midnight of Thursday 238 # after observing the daylight saving time since May. 239 # http://news.gom.com.eg/gazette/pdf/2006/09/18/01.pdf 240 Rule Egypt 2006 only - Sep 21 24:00 0 - 241 # From Dirk Losch (2007-08-14): 242 # I received a mail from an airline which says that the daylight 243 # saving time in Egypt will end in the night of 2007-09-06 to 2007-09-07. 244 # From Jesper Nrgaard Welen (2007-08-15): [The following agree:] 245 # http://www.nentjes.info/Bill/bill5.htm 246 # http://www.timeanddate.com/worldclock/city.html?n=53 247 # From Steffen Thorsen (2007-09-04): The official information...: 248 # http://www.sis.gov.eg/En/EgyptOnline/Miscellaneous/000002/0207000000000000001580.htm 249 Rule Egypt 2007 only - Sep Thu>=1 24:00 0 - 250 # From Abdelrahman Hassan (2007-09-06): 251 # Due to the Hijri (lunar Islamic calendar) year being 11 days shorter 252 # than the year of the Gregorian calendar, Ramadan shifts earlier each 253 # year. This year it will be observed September 13 (September is quite 254 # hot in Egypt), and the idea is to make fasting easier for workers by 255 # shifting business hours one hour out of daytime heat. Consequently, 256 # unless discontinued, next DST may end Thursday 28 August 2008. 257 # From Paul Eggert (2007-08-17): 258 # For lack of better info, assume the new rule is last Thursday in August. 259 260 # From Petr Machata (2009-04-06): 261 # The following appeared in Red Hat bugzilla[1] (edited): 262 # 263 # > $ zdump -v /usr/share/zoneinfo/Africa/Cairo | grep 2009 264 # > /usr/share/zoneinfo/Africa/Cairo Thu Apr 23 21:59:59 2009 UTC = Thu = 265 # Apr 23 266 # > 23:59:59 2009 EET isdst=0 gmtoff=7200 267 # > /usr/share/zoneinfo/Africa/Cairo Thu Apr 23 22:00:00 2009 UTC = Fri = 268 # Apr 24 269 # > 01:00:00 2009 EEST isdst=1 gmtoff=10800 270 # > /usr/share/zoneinfo/Africa/Cairo Thu Aug 27 20:59:59 2009 UTC = Thu = 271 # Aug 27 272 # > 23:59:59 2009 EEST isdst=1 gmtoff=10800 273 # > /usr/share/zoneinfo/Africa/Cairo Thu Aug 27 21:00:00 2009 UTC = Thu = 274 # Aug 27 275 # > 23:00:00 2009 EET isdst=0 gmtoff=7200 276 # 277 # > end date should be Thu Sep 24 2009 (Last Thursday in September at 23:59= 278 # :59) 279 # > http://support.microsoft.com/kb/958729/ 280 # 281 # timeanddate[2] and another site I've found[3] also support that. 282 # 283 # [1] https://bugzilla.redhat.com/show_bug.cgi?id=492263 284 # [2] http://www.timeanddate.com/worldclock/clockchange.html?n=53 285 # [3] http://wwp.greenwichmeantime.com/time-zone/africa/egypt/ 286 287 # From Arthur David Olson (2009-04-20): 288 # In 2009 (and for the next several years), Ramadan ends before the fourth 289 # Thursday in September; Egypt is expected to revert to the last Thursday 290 # in September. 291 292 # From Steffen Thorsen (2009-08-11): 293 # We have been able to confirm the August change with the Egyptian Cabinet 294 # Information and Decision Support Center: 295 # http://www.timeanddate.com/news/time/egypt-dst-ends-2009.html 296 # 297 # The Middle East News Agency 298 # http://www.mena.org.eg/index.aspx 299 # also reports "Egypt starts winter time on August 21" 300 # today in article numbered "71, 11/08/2009 12:25 GMT." 301 # Only the title above is available without a subscription to their service, 302 # and can be found by searching for "winter" in their search engine 303 # (at least today). 304 305 # From Alexander Krivenyshev (2010-07-20): 306 # According to News from Egypt - Al-Masry Al-Youm Egypt's cabinet has 307 # decided that Daylight Saving Time will not be used in Egypt during 308 # Ramadan. 309 # 310 # Arabic translation: 311 # "Clocks to go back during Ramadan - and then forward again" 312 # http://www.almasryalyoum.com/en/news/clocks-go-back-during-ramadan-and-then-forward-again 313 # http://www.worldtimezone.com/dst_news/dst_news_egypt02.html 314 315 # From Ahmad El-Dardiry (2014-05-07): 316 # Egypt is to change back to Daylight system on May 15 317 # http://english.ahram.org.eg/NewsContent/1/64/100735/Egypt/Politics-/Egypts-government-to-reapply-daylight-saving-time-.aspx 318 319 # From Gunther Vermier (2015-05-13): 320 # our Egypt office confirms that the change will be at 15 May "midnight" (24:00) 321 322 # From Imed Chihi (2014-06-04): 323 # We have finally "located" a precise official reference about the DST changes 324 # in Egypt. The Ministers Cabinet decision is explained at 325 # http://www.cabinet.gov.eg/Media/CabinetMeetingsDetails.aspx?id=347 ... 326 # [T]his (Arabic) site is not accessible outside Egypt, but the page ... 327 # translates into: "With regard to daylight saving time, it is scheduled to 328 # take effect at exactly twelve o'clock this evening, Thursday, 15 MAY 2014, 329 # to be suspended by twelve o'clock on the evening of Thursday, 26 JUN 2014, 330 # and re-established again at the end of the month of Ramadan, at twelve 331 # o'clock on the evening of Thursday, 31 JUL 2014." This statement has been 332 # reproduced by other (more accessible) sites[, e.g.,]... 333 # http://elgornal.net/news/news.aspx?id=4699258 334 335 # From Paul Eggert (2014-06-04): 336 # Sarah El Deeb and Lee Keath of AP report that the Egyptian government says 337 # the change is because of blackouts in Cairo, even though Ahram Online (cited 338 # above) says DST had no affect on electricity consumption. There is 339 # no information about when DST will end this fall. See: 340 # http://abcnews.go.com/International/wireStory/el-sissi-pushes-egyptians-line-23614833 341 # 342 # For now, guess that later spring and fall transitions will use 343 # 2010's rules, and guess that Egypt will switch to standard time at 344 # 24:00 the last Thursday before Ramadan, and back to DST at 00:00 the 345 # first Friday after Ramadan. To implement this, 346 # transition dates for 2015 through 2037 were determined by running 347 # the following program under GNU Emacs 24.3, with the results integrated 348 # by hand into the table below. Ramadan again intrudes on the guessed 349 # DST starting in 2038, but that's beyond our somewhat-arbitrary cutoff. 350 # (let ((islamic-year 1436)) 351 # (while (< islamic-year 1460) 352 # (let ((a (calendar-islamic-to-absolute (list 9 1 islamic-year))) 353 # (b (calendar-islamic-to-absolute (list 10 1 islamic-year))) 354 # (friday 5)) 355 # (while (/= friday (mod a 7)) 356 # (setq a (1- a))) 357 # (while (/= friday (mod b 7)) 358 # (setq b (1+ b))) 359 # (setq a (1- a)) 360 # (setq b (1- b)) 361 # (setq a (calendar-gregorian-from-absolute a)) 362 # (setq b (calendar-gregorian-from-absolute b)) 363 # (insert 364 # (format 365 # (concat "Rule\tEgypt\t%d\tonly\t-\t%s\t%2d\t24:00\t0\t-\n" 366 # "Rule\tEgypt\t%d\tonly\t-\t%s\t%2d\t24:00\t1:00\tS\n") 367 # (car (cdr (cdr a))) (calendar-month-name (car a) t) (car (cdr a)) 368 # (car (cdr (cdr b))) (calendar-month-name (car b) t) (car (cdr b))))) 369 # (setq islamic-year (+ 1 islamic-year)))) 370 Rule Egypt 2008 only - Aug lastThu 24:00 0 - 371 Rule Egypt 2009 only - Aug 20 24:00 0 - 372 Rule Egypt 2010 only - Aug 10 24:00 0 - 373 Rule Egypt 2010 only - Sep 9 24:00 1:00 S 374 Rule Egypt 2010 only - Sep lastThu 24:00 0 - 375 Rule Egypt 2014 only - May 15 24:00 1:00 S 376 Rule Egypt 2014 only - Jun 26 24:00 0 - 377 Rule Egypt 2014 only - Jul 31 24:00 1:00 S 378 Rule Egypt 2014 max - Sep lastThu 24:00 0 - 379 Rule Egypt 2015 2019 - Apr lastFri 0:00s 1:00 S 380 Rule Egypt 2015 only - Jun 11 24:00 0 - 381 Rule Egypt 2015 only - Jul 23 24:00 1:00 S 382 Rule Egypt 2016 only - Jun 2 24:00 0 - 383 Rule Egypt 2016 only - Jul 7 24:00 1:00 S 384 Rule Egypt 2017 only - May 25 24:00 0 - 385 Rule Egypt 2017 only - Jun 29 24:00 1:00 S 386 Rule Egypt 2018 only - May 10 24:00 0 - 387 Rule Egypt 2018 only - Jun 14 24:00 1:00 S 388 Rule Egypt 2019 only - May 2 24:00 0 - 389 Rule Egypt 2019 only - Jun 6 24:00 1:00 S 390 Rule Egypt 2020 only - May 28 24:00 1:00 S 391 Rule Egypt 2021 only - May 13 24:00 1:00 S 392 Rule Egypt 2022 only - May 5 24:00 1:00 S 393 Rule Egypt 2023 max - Apr lastFri 0:00s 1:00 S 394 395 # Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] 396 Zone Africa/Cairo 2:05:09 - LMT 1900 Oct 397 2:00 Egypt EE%sT 398 399 # Equatorial Guinea 400 # See Africa/Lagos. 401 402 # Eritrea 403 # Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] 404 Zone Africa/Asmara 2:35:32 - LMT 1870 405 2:35:32 - AMT 1890 # Asmara Mean Time 406 2:35:20 - ADMT 1936 May 5 # Adis Dera MT 407 3:00 - EAT 408 409 # Ethiopia 410 # From Paul Eggert (2014-07-31): 411 # Like the Swahili of Kenya and Tanzania, many Ethiopians keep a 412 # 12-hour clock starting at our 06:00, so their "8 o'clock" is our 413 # 02:00 or 14:00. Keep this in mind when you ask the time in Amharic. 414 # 415 # Shanks & Pottenger write that Ethiopia had six narrowly-spaced time 416 # zones between 1870 and 1890, that they merged to 38E50 (2:35:20) in 417 # 1890, and that they switched to 3:00 on 1936-05-05. Perhaps 38E50 418 # was for Adis Dera. Quite likely the Shanks data entries are wrong 419 # anyway. 420 # Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] 421 Zone Africa/Addis_Ababa 2:34:48 - LMT 1870 422 2:35:20 - ADMT 1936 May 5 # Adis Dera MT 423 3:00 - EAT 424 425 # Gabon 426 # See Africa/Lagos. 427 428 # Gambia 429 # See Africa/Abidjan. 430 431 # Ghana 432 # Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S 433 # Whitman says DST was observed from 1931 to "the present"; 434 # Shanks & Pottenger say 1936 to 1942; 435 # and September 1 to January 1 is given by: 436 # Scott Keltie J, Epstein M (eds), The Statesman's Year-Book, 437 # 57th ed. Macmillan, London (1920), OCLC 609408015, pp xxviii. 438 # For lack of better info, assume DST was observed from 1920 to 1942. 439 Rule Ghana 1920 1942 - Sep 1 0:00 0:20 GHST 440 Rule Ghana 1920 1942 - Dec 31 0:00 0 GMT 441 # Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] 442 Zone Africa/Accra -0:00:52 - LMT 1918 443 0:00 Ghana %s 444 445 # Guinea 446 # See Africa/Abidjan. 447 448 # Guinea-Bissau 449 # 450 # Shanks gives 1911-05-26 for the transition to WAT, 451 # evidently confusing the date of the Portuguese decree 452 # http://dre.pt/pdf1sdip/1911/05/12500/23132313.pdf 453 # with the date that it took effect, namely 1912-01-01. 454 # 455 # Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] 456 Zone Africa/Bissau -1:02:20 - LMT 1912 Jan 1 457 -1:00 - WAT 1975 458 0:00 - GMT 459 460 # Kenya 461 # Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] 462 Zone Africa/Nairobi 2:27:16 - LMT 1928 Jul 463 3:00 - EAT 1930 464 2:30 - BEAT 1940 465 2:45 - BEAUT 1960 466 3:00 - EAT 467 468 # Lesotho 469 # Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] 470 Zone Africa/Maseru 1:50:00 - LMT 1903 Mar 471 2:00 - SAST 1943 Sep 19 2:00 472 2:00 1:00 SAST 1944 Mar 19 2:00 473 2:00 - SAST 474 475 # Liberia 476 # From Paul Eggert (2006-03-22): 477 # In 1972 Liberia was the last country to switch 478 # from a UTC offset that was not a multiple of 15 or 20 minutes. 479 # Howse reports that it was in honor of their president's birthday. 480 # Shank & Pottenger report the date as May 1, whereas Howse reports Jan; 481 # go with Shanks & Pottenger. 482 # For Liberia before 1972, Shanks & Pottenger report -0:44, whereas Howse and 483 # Whitman each report -0:44:30; go with the more precise figure. 484 # Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] 485 Zone Africa/Monrovia -0:43:08 - LMT 1882 486 -0:43:08 - MMT 1919 Mar # Monrovia Mean Time 487 -0:44:30 - LRT 1972 May # Liberia Time 488 0:00 - GMT 489 490 ############################################################################### 491 492 # Libya 493 494 # From Even Scharning (2012-11-10): 495 # Libya set their time one hour back at 02:00 on Saturday November 10. 496 # http://www.libyaherald.com/2012/11/04/clocks-to-go-back-an-hour-on-saturday/ 497 # Here is an official source [in Arabic]: http://ls.ly/fb6Yc 498 # 499 # Steffen Thorsen forwarded a translation (2012-11-10) in 500 # http://mm.icann.org/pipermail/tz/2012-November/018451.html 501 # 502 # From Tim Parenti (2012-11-11): 503 # Treat the 2012-11-10 change as a zone change from UTC+2 to UTC+1. 504 # The DST rules planned for 2013 and onward roughly mirror those of Europe 505 # (either two days before them or five days after them, so as to fall on 506 # lastFri instead of lastSun). 507 508 # From Even Scharning (2013-10-25): 509 # The scheduled end of DST in Libya on Friday, October 25, 2013 was 510 # cancelled yesterday.... 511 # http://www.libyaherald.com/2013/10/24/correction-no-time-change-tomorrow/ 512 # 513 # From Paul Eggert (2013-10-25): 514 # For now, assume they're reverting to the pre-2012 rules of permanent UTC+2. 515 516 # Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S 517 Rule Libya 1951 only - Oct 14 2:00 1:00 S 518 Rule Libya 1952 only - Jan 1 0:00 0 - 519 Rule Libya 1953 only - Oct 9 2:00 1:00 S 520 Rule Libya 1954 only - Jan 1 0:00 0 - 521 Rule Libya 1955 only - Sep 30 0:00 1:00 S 522 Rule Libya 1956 only - Jan 1 0:00 0 - 523 Rule Libya 1982 1984 - Apr 1 0:00 1:00 S 524 Rule Libya 1982 1985 - Oct 1 0:00 0 - 525 Rule Libya 1985 only - Apr 6 0:00 1:00 S 526 Rule Libya 1986 only - Apr 4 0:00 1:00 S 527 Rule Libya 1986 only - Oct 3 0:00 0 - 528 Rule Libya 1987 1989 - Apr 1 0:00 1:00 S 529 Rule Libya 1987 1989 - Oct 1 0:00 0 - 530 Rule Libya 1997 only - Apr 4 0:00 1:00 S 531 Rule Libya 1997 only - Oct 4 0:00 0 - 532 Rule Libya 2013 only - Mar lastFri 1:00 1:00 S 533 Rule Libya 2013 only - Oct lastFri 2:00 0 - 534 # Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] 535 Zone Africa/Tripoli 0:52:44 - LMT 1920 536 1:00 Libya CE%sT 1959 537 2:00 - EET 1982 538 1:00 Libya CE%sT 1990 May 4 539 # The 1996 and 1997 entries are from Shanks & Pottenger; 540 # the IATA SSIM data entries contain some obvious errors. 541 2:00 - EET 1996 Sep 30 542 1:00 Libya CE%sT 1997 Oct 4 543 2:00 - EET 2012 Nov 10 2:00 544 1:00 Libya CE%sT 2013 Oct 25 2:00 545 2:00 - EET 546 547 # Madagascar 548 # Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] 549 Zone Indian/Antananarivo 3:10:04 - LMT 1911 Jul 550 3:00 - EAT 1954 Feb 27 23:00s 551 3:00 1:00 EAST 1954 May 29 23:00s 552 3:00 - EAT 553 554 # Malawi 555 # Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] 556 Zone Africa/Blantyre 2:20:00 - LMT 1903 Mar 557 2:00 - CAT 558 559 # Mali 560 # Mauritania 561 # See Africa/Abidjan. 562 563 # Mauritius 564 565 # From Steffen Thorsen (2008-06-25): 566 # Mauritius plans to observe DST from 2008-11-01 to 2009-03-31 on a trial 567 # basis.... 568 # It seems that Mauritius observed daylight saving time from 1982-10-10 to 569 # 1983-03-20 as well, but that was not successful.... 570 # http://www.timeanddate.com/news/time/mauritius-daylight-saving-time.html 571 572 # From Alex Krivenyshev (2008-06-25): 573 # http://economicdevelopment.gov.mu/portal/site/Mainhomepage/menuitem.a42b24128104d9845dabddd154508a0c/?content_id=0a7cee8b5d69a110VgnVCM1000000a04a8c0RCRD 574 575 # From Arthur David Olson (2008-06-30): 576 # The www.timeanddate.com article cited by Steffen Thorsen notes that "A 577 # final decision has yet to be made on the times that daylight saving 578 # would begin and end on these dates." As a place holder, use midnight. 579 580 # From Paul Eggert (2008-06-30): 581 # Follow Thorsen on DST in 1982/1983, instead of Shanks & Pottenger. 582 583 # From Steffen Thorsen (2008-07-10): 584 # According to 585 # http://www.lexpress.mu/display_article.php?news_id=111216 586 # (in French), Mauritius will start and end their DST a few days earlier 587 # than previously announced (2008-11-01 to 2009-03-31). The new start 588 # date is 2008-10-26 at 02:00 and the new end date is 2009-03-27 (no time 589 # given, but it is probably at either 2 or 3 wall clock time). 590 # 591 # A little strange though, since the article says that they moved the date 592 # to align itself with Europe and USA which also change time on that date, 593 # but that means they have not paid attention to what happened in 594 # USA/Canada last year (DST ends first Sunday in November). I also wonder 595 # why that they end on a Friday, instead of aligning with Europe which 596 # changes two days later. 597 598 # From Alex Krivenyshev (2008-07-11): 599 # Seems that English language article "The revival of daylight saving 600 # time: Energy conservation?"-# No. 16578 (07/11/2008) was originally 601 # published on Monday, June 30, 2008... 602 # 603 # I guess that article in French "Le gouvernement avance l'introduction 604 # de l'heure d't" stating that DST in Mauritius starting on October 26 605 # and ending on March 27, 2009 is the most recent one.... 606 # http://www.worldtimezone.com/dst_news/dst_news_mauritius02.html 607 608 # From Riad M. Hossen Ally (2008-08-03): 609 # The Government of Mauritius weblink 610 # http://www.gov.mu/portal/site/pmosite/menuitem.4ca0efdee47462e7440a600248a521ca/?content_id=4728ca68b2a5b110VgnVCM1000000a04a8c0RCRD 611 # Cabinet Decision of July 18th, 2008 states as follows: 612 # 613 # 4. ...Cabinet has agreed to the introduction into the National Assembly 614 # of the Time Bill which provides for the introduction of summer time in 615 # Mauritius. The summer time period which will be of one hour ahead of 616 # the standard time, will be aligned with that in Europe and the United 617 # States of America. It will start at two o'clock in the morning on the 618 # last Sunday of October and will end at two o'clock in the morning on 619 # the last Sunday of March the following year. The summer time for the 620 # year 2008-2009 will, therefore, be effective as from 26 October 2008 621 # and end on 29 March 2009. 622 623 # From Ed Maste (2008-10-07): 624 # THE TIME BILL (No. XXVII of 2008) Explanatory Memorandum states the 625 # beginning / ending of summer time is 2 o'clock standard time in the 626 # morning of the last Sunday of October / last Sunday of March. 627 # http://www.gov.mu/portal/goc/assemblysite/file/bill2708.pdf 628 629 # From Steffen Thorsen (2009-06-05): 630 # According to several sources, Mauritius will not continue to observe 631 # DST the coming summer... 632 # 633 # Some sources, in French: 634 # http://www.defimedia.info/news/946/Rashid-Beebeejaun-:-%C2%AB-L%E2%80%99heure-d%E2%80%99%C3%A9t%C3%A9-ne-sera-pas-appliqu%C3%A9e-cette-ann%C3%A9e-%C2%BB 635 # http://lexpress.mu/Story/3398~Beebeejaun---Les-objectifs-d-%C3%A9conomie-d-%C3%A9nergie-de-l-heure-d-%C3%A9t%C3%A9-ont-%C3%A9t%C3%A9-atteints- 636 # 637 # Our wrap-up: 638 # http://www.timeanddate.com/news/time/mauritius-dst-will-not-repeat.html 639 640 # From Arthur David Olson (2009-07-11): 641 # The "mauritius-dst-will-not-repeat" wrapup includes this: 642 # "The trial ended on March 29, 2009, when the clocks moved back by one hour 643 # at 2am (or 02:00) local time..." 644 645 # Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S 646 Rule Mauritius 1982 only - Oct 10 0:00 1:00 S 647 Rule Mauritius 1983 only - Mar 21 0:00 0 - 648 Rule Mauritius 2008 only - Oct lastSun 2:00 1:00 S 649 Rule Mauritius 2009 only - Mar lastSun 2:00 0 - 650 # Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] 651 Zone Indian/Mauritius 3:50:00 - LMT 1907 # Port Louis 652 4:00 Mauritius MU%sT # Mauritius Time 653 # Agalega Is, Rodriguez 654 # no information; probably like Indian/Mauritius 655 656 # Mayotte 657 # Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] 658 Zone Indian/Mayotte 3:00:56 - LMT 1911 Jul # Mamoutzou 659 3:00 - EAT 660 661 # Morocco 662 # See the 'europe' file for Spanish Morocco (Africa/Ceuta). 663 664 # From Alex Krivenyshev (2008-05-09): 665 # Here is an article that Morocco plan to introduce Daylight Saving Time between 666 # 1 June, 2008 and 27 September, 2008. 667 # 668 # "... Morocco is to save energy by adjusting its clock during summer so it will 669 # be one hour ahead of GMT between 1 June and 27 September, according to 670 # Communication Minister and Government Spokesman, Khalid Naciri...." 671 # 672 # http://www.worldtimezone.net/dst_news/dst_news_morocco01.html 673 # http://en.afrik.com/news11892.html 674 675 # From Alex Krivenyshev (2008-05-09): 676 # The Morocco time change can be confirmed on Morocco web site Maghreb Arabe 677 # Presse: 678 # http://www.map.ma/eng/sections/box3/morocco_shifts_to_da/view 679 # 680 # Morocco shifts to daylight time on June 1st through September 27, Govt. 681 # spokesman. 682 683 # From Patrice Scattolin (2008-05-09): 684 # According to this article: 685 # http://www.avmaroc.com/actualite/heure-dete-comment-a127896.html 686 # (and republished here: <http://www.actu.ma/heure-dete-comment_i127896_0.html>) 687 # the changes occur at midnight: 688 # 689 # Saturday night May 31st at midnight (which in French is to be 690 # interpreted as the night between Saturday and Sunday) 691 # Sunday night the 28th at midnight 692 # 693 # Seeing that the 28th is Monday, I am guessing that she intends to say 694 # the midnight of the 28th which is the midnight between Sunday and 695 # Monday, which jives with other sources that say that it's inclusive 696 # June 1st to Sept 27th. 697 # 698 # The decision was taken by decree *2-08-224 *but I can't find the decree 699 # published on the web. 700 # 701 # It's also confirmed here: 702 # http://www.maroc.ma/NR/exeres/FACF141F-D910-44B0-B7FA-6E03733425D1.htm 703 # on a government portal as being between June 1st and Sept 27th (not yet 704 # posted in English). 705 # 706 # The following Google query will generate many relevant hits: 707 # http://www.google.com/search?hl=en&q=Conseil+de+gouvernement+maroc+heure+avance&btnG=Search 708 709 # From Steffen Thorsen (2008-08-27): 710 # Morocco will change the clocks back on the midnight between August 31 711 # and September 1. They originally planned to observe DST to near the end 712 # of September: 713 # 714 # One article about it (in French): 715 # http://www.menara.ma/fr/Actualites/Maroc/Societe/ci.retour_a_l_heure_gmt_a_partir_du_dimanche_31_aout_a_minuit_officiel_.default 716 # 717 # We have some further details posted here: 718 # http://www.timeanddate.com/news/time/morocco-ends-dst-early-2008.html 719 720 # From Steffen Thorsen (2009-03-17): 721 # Morocco will observe DST from 2009-06-01 00:00 to 2009-08-21 00:00 according 722 # to many sources, such as 723 # http://news.marweb.com/morocco/entertainment/morocco-daylight-saving.html 724 # http://www.medi1sat.ma/fr/depeche.aspx?idp=2312 725 # (French) 726 # 727 # Our summary: 728 # http://www.timeanddate.com/news/time/morocco-starts-dst-2009.html 729 730 # From Alexander Krivenyshev (2009-03-17): 731 # Here is a link to official document from Royaume du Maroc Premier Ministre, 732 # Ministre de la Modernisation des Secteurs Publics 733 # 734 # Under Article 1 of Royal Decree No. 455-67 of Act 23 safar 1387 (2 june 1967) 735 # concerning the amendment of the legal time, the Ministry of Modernization of 736 # Public Sectors announced that the official time in the Kingdom will be 737 # advanced 60 minutes from Sunday 31 May 2009 at midnight. 738 # 739 # http://www.mmsp.gov.ma/francais/Actualites_fr/PDF_Actualites_Fr/HeureEte_FR.pdf 740 # http://www.worldtimezone.com/dst_news/dst_news_morocco03.html 741 742 # From Steffen Thorsen (2010-04-13): 743 # Several news media in Morocco report that the Ministry of Modernization 744 # of Public Sectors has announced that Morocco will have DST from 745 # 2010-05-02 to 2010-08-08. 746 # 747 # Example: 748 # http://www.lavieeco.com/actualites/4099-le-maroc-passera-a-l-heure-d-ete-gmt1-le-2-mai.html 749 # (French) 750 # Our page: 751 # http://www.timeanddate.com/news/time/morocco-starts-dst-2010.html 752 753 # From Dan Abitol (2011-03-30): 754 # ...Rules for Africa/Casablanca are the following (24h format) 755 # The 3rd April 2011 at 00:00:00, [it] will be 3rd April 01:00:00 756 # The 31st July 2011 at 00:59:59, [it] will be 31st July 00:00:00 757 # ...Official links of change in morocco 758 # The change was broadcast on the FM Radio 759 # I ve called ANRT (telecom regulations in Morocco) at 760 # +212.537.71.84.00 761 # http://www.anrt.net.ma/fr/ 762 # They said that 763 # http://www.map.ma/fr/sections/accueil/l_heure_legale_au_ma/view 764 # is the official publication to look at. 765 # They said that the decision was already taken. 766 # 767 # More articles in the press 768 # http://www.yabiladi.com/articles/details/5058/secret-l-heure-d-ete-maroc-leve.html 769 # http://www.lematin.ma/Actualite/Express/Article.asp?id=148923 770 # http://www.lavieeco.com/actualite/Le-Maroc-passe-sur-GMT%2B1-a-partir-de-dim 771 772 # From Petr Machata (2011-03-30): 773 # They have it written in English here: 774 # http://www.map.ma/eng/sections/home/morocco_to_spring_fo/view 775 # 776 # It says there that "Morocco will resume its standard time on July 31, 777 # 2011 at midnight." Now they don't say whether they mean midnight of 778 # wall clock time (i.e. 11pm UTC), but that's what I would assume. It has 779 # also been like that in the past. 780 781 # From Alexander Krivenyshev (2012-03-09): 782 # According to Infomdiaire web site from Morocco (infomediaire.ma), 783 # on March 9, 2012, (in French) Heure lgale: 784 # Le Maroc adopte officiellement l'heure d't 785 # http://www.infomediaire.ma/news/maroc/heure-l%C3%A9gale-le-maroc-adopte-officiellement-lheure-d%C3%A9t%C3%A9 786 # Governing Council adopted draft decree, that Morocco DST starts on 787 # the last Sunday of March (March 25, 2012) and ends on 788 # last Sunday of September (September 30, 2012) 789 # except the month of Ramadan. 790 # or (brief) 791 # http://www.worldtimezone.com/dst_news/dst_news_morocco06.html 792 793 # From Arthur David Olson (2012-03-10): 794 # The infomediaire.ma source indicates that the system is to be in 795 # effect every year. It gives 03H00 as the "fall back" time of day; 796 # it lacks a "spring forward" time of day; assume 2:00 XXX. 797 # Wait on specifying the Ramadan exception for details about 798 # start date, start time of day, end date, and end time of day XXX. 799 800 # From Christophe Tropamer (2012-03-16): 801 # Seen Morocco change again: 802 # http://www.le2uminutes.com/actualite.php 803 # "... partir du dernier dimanche d'avril et non fins mars, 804 # comme annonc prcdemment." 805 806 # From Milamber Space Network (2012-07-17): 807 # The official return to GMT is announced by the Moroccan government: 808 # http://www.mmsp.gov.ma/fr/actualites.aspx?id=288 [in French] 809 # 810 # Google translation, lightly edited: 811 # Back to the standard time of the Kingdom (GMT) 812 # Pursuant to Decree No. 2-12-126 issued on 26 Jumada (I) 1433 (April 18, 813 # 2012) and in accordance with the order of Mr. President of the 814 # Government No. 3-47-12 issued on 24 Sha'ban (11 July 2012), the Ministry 815 # of Public Service and Administration Modernization announces the return 816 # of the legal time of the Kingdom (GMT) from Friday, July 20, 2012 until 817 # Monday, August 20, 2012. So the time will be delayed by 60 minutes from 818 # 3:00 am Friday, July 20, 2012 and will again be advanced by 60 minutes 819 # August 20, 2012 from 2:00 am. 820 821 # From Paul Eggert (2013-03-06): 822 # Morocco's daylight-saving transitions due to Ramadan seem to be 823 # announced a bit in advance. On 2012-07-11 the Moroccan government 824 # announced that year's Ramadan daylight-saving transitions would be 825 # 2012-07-20 and 2012-08-20; see 826 # http://www.mmsp.gov.ma/fr/actualites.aspx?id=288 827 828 # From Andrew Paprocki (2013-07-02): 829 # Morocco announced that the year's Ramadan daylight-savings 830 # transitions would be 2013-07-07 and 2013-08-10; see: 831 # http://www.maroc.ma/en/news/morocco-suspends-daylight-saving-time-july-7-aug10 832 833 # From Steffen Thorsen (2013-09-28): 834 # Morocco extends DST by one month, on very short notice, just 1 day 835 # before it was going to end. There is a new decree (2.13.781) for 836 # this, where DST from now on goes from last Sunday of March at 02:00 837 # to last Sunday of October at 03:00, similar to EU rules. Official 838 # source (French): 839 # http://www.maroc.gov.ma/fr/actualites/lhoraire-dete-gmt1-maintenu-jusquau-27-octobre-2013 840 # Another source (specifying the time for start and end in the decree): 841 # http://www.lemag.ma/Heure-d-ete-au-Maroc-jusqu-au-27-octobre_a75620.html 842 843 # From Sebastien Willemijns (2014-03-18): 844 # http://www.afriquinfos.com/articles/2014/3/18/maroc-heure-dete-avancez-tous-horloges-247891.asp 845 846 # From Milamber Space Network (2014-06-05): 847 # The Moroccan government has recently announced that the country will return 848 # to standard time at 03:00 on Saturday, June 28, 2014 local time.... DST 849 # will resume again at 02:00 on Saturday, August 2, 2014.... 850 # http://www.mmsp.gov.ma/fr/actualites.aspx?id=586 851 852 # From Paul Eggert (2014-06-05): 853 # For now, guess that later spring and fall transitions will use 2014's rules, 854 # and guess that Morocco will switch to standard time at 03:00 the last 855 # Saturday before Ramadan, and back to DST at 02:00 the first Saturday after 856 # Ramadan. To implement this, transition dates for 2015 through 2037 were 857 # determined by running the following program under GNU Emacs 24.3, with the 858 # results integrated by hand into the table below. 859 # (let ((islamic-year 1436)) 860 # (while (< islamic-year 1460) 861 # (let ((a (calendar-islamic-to-absolute (list 9 1 islamic-year))) 862 # (b (calendar-islamic-to-absolute (list 10 1 islamic-year))) 863 # (saturday 6)) 864 # (while (/= saturday (mod (setq a (1- a)) 7))) 865 # (while (/= saturday (mod b 7)) 866 # (setq b (1+ b))) 867 # (setq a (calendar-gregorian-from-absolute a)) 868 # (setq b (calendar-gregorian-from-absolute b)) 869 # (insert 870 # (format 871 # (concat "Rule\tMorocco\t%d\tonly\t-\t%s\t%2d\t 3:00\t0\t-\n" 872 # "Rule\tMorocco\t%d\tonly\t-\t%s\t%2d\t 2:00\t1:00\tS\n") 873 # (car (cdr (cdr a))) (calendar-month-name (car a) t) (car (cdr a)) 874 # (car (cdr (cdr b))) (calendar-month-name (car b) t) (car (cdr b))))) 875 # (setq islamic-year (+ 1 islamic-year)))) 876 877 # RULE NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S 878 879 Rule Morocco 1939 only - Sep 12 0:00 1:00 S 880 Rule Morocco 1939 only - Nov 19 0:00 0 - 881 Rule Morocco 1940 only - Feb 25 0:00 1:00 S 882 Rule Morocco 1945 only - Nov 18 0:00 0 - 883 Rule Morocco 1950 only - Jun 11 0:00 1:00 S 884 Rule Morocco 1950 only - Oct 29 0:00 0 - 885 Rule Morocco 1967 only - Jun 3 12:00 1:00 S 886 Rule Morocco 1967 only - Oct 1 0:00 0 - 887 Rule Morocco 1974 only - Jun 24 0:00 1:00 S 888 Rule Morocco 1974 only - Sep 1 0:00 0 - 889 Rule Morocco 1976 1977 - May 1 0:00 1:00 S 890 Rule Morocco 1976 only - Aug 1 0:00 0 - 891 Rule Morocco 1977 only - Sep 28 0:00 0 - 892 Rule Morocco 1978 only - Jun 1 0:00 1:00 S 893 Rule Morocco 1978 only - Aug 4 0:00 0 - 894 Rule Morocco 2008 only - Jun 1 0:00 1:00 S 895 Rule Morocco 2008 only - Sep 1 0:00 0 - 896 Rule Morocco 2009 only - Jun 1 0:00 1:00 S 897 Rule Morocco 2009 only - Aug 21 0:00 0 - 898 Rule Morocco 2010 only - May 2 0:00 1:00 S 899 Rule Morocco 2010 only - Aug 8 0:00 0 - 900 Rule Morocco 2011 only - Apr 3 0:00 1:00 S 901 Rule Morocco 2011 only - Jul 31 0 0 - 902 Rule Morocco 2012 2013 - Apr lastSun 2:00 1:00 S 903 Rule Morocco 2012 only - Sep 30 3:00 0 - 904 Rule Morocco 2012 only - Jul 20 3:00 0 - 905 Rule Morocco 2012 only - Aug 20 2:00 1:00 S 906 Rule Morocco 2013 only - Jul 7 3:00 0 - 907 Rule Morocco 2013 only - Aug 10 2:00 1:00 S 908 Rule Morocco 2013 max - Oct lastSun 3:00 0 - 909 Rule Morocco 2014 2022 - Mar lastSun 2:00 1:00 S 910 Rule Morocco 2014 only - Jun 28 3:00 0 - 911 Rule Morocco 2014 only - Aug 2 2:00 1:00 S 912 Rule Morocco 2015 only - Jun 13 3:00 0 - 913 Rule Morocco 2015 only - Jul 18 2:00 1:00 S 914 Rule Morocco 2016 only - Jun 4 3:00 0 - 915 Rule Morocco 2016 only - Jul 9 2:00 1:00 S 916 Rule Morocco 2017 only - May 20 3:00 0 - 917 Rule Morocco 2017 only - Jul 1 2:00 1:00 S 918 Rule Morocco 2018 only - May 12 3:00 0 - 919 Rule Morocco 2018 only - Jun 16 2:00 1:00 S 920 Rule Morocco 2019 only - May 4 3:00 0 - 921 Rule Morocco 2019 only - Jun 8 2:00 1:00 S 922 Rule Morocco 2020 only - Apr 18 3:00 0 - 923 Rule Morocco 2020 only - May 30 2:00 1:00 S 924 Rule Morocco 2021 only - Apr 10 3:00 0 - 925 Rule Morocco 2021 only - May 15 2:00 1:00 S 926 Rule Morocco 2022 only - Apr 2 3:00 0 - 927 Rule Morocco 2022 only - May 7 2:00 1:00 S 928 Rule Morocco 2023 only - Apr 22 2:00 1:00 S 929 Rule Morocco 2024 only - Apr 13 2:00 1:00 S 930 Rule Morocco 2025 only - Apr 5 2:00 1:00 S 931 Rule Morocco 2026 max - Mar lastSun 2:00 1:00 S 932 Rule Morocco 2035 only - Oct 27 3:00 0 - 933 Rule Morocco 2036 only - Oct 18 3:00 0 - 934 Rule Morocco 2037 only - Oct 10 3:00 0 - 935 936 # Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] 937 Zone Africa/Casablanca -0:30:20 - LMT 1913 Oct 26 938 0:00 Morocco WE%sT 1984 Mar 16 939 1:00 - CET 1986 940 0:00 Morocco WE%sT 941 942 # Western Sahara 943 # 944 # From Gwillim Law (2013-10-22): 945 # A correspondent who is usually well informed about time zone matters 946 # ... says that Western Sahara observes daylight saving time, just as 947 # Morocco does. 948 # 949 # From Paul Eggert (2013-10-23): 950 # Assume that this has been true since Western Sahara switched to GMT, 951 # since most of it was then controlled by Morocco. 952 953 Zone Africa/El_Aaiun -0:52:48 - LMT 1934 Jan # El Aain 954 -1:00 - WAT 1976 Apr 14 955 0:00 Morocco WE%sT 956 957 # Mozambique 958 # 959 # Shanks gives 1903-03-01 for the transition to CAT. 960 # Perhaps the 1911-05-26 Portuguese decree 961 # http://dre.pt/pdf1sdip/1911/05/12500/23132313.pdf 962 # merely made it official? 963 # 964 # Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] 965 Zone Africa/Maputo 2:10:20 - LMT 1903 Mar 966 2:00 - CAT 967 968 # Namibia 969 # The 1994-04-03 transition is from Shanks & Pottenger. 970 # Shanks & Pottenger report no DST after 1998-04; go with IATA. 971 972 # From Petronella Sibeene (2007-03-30): 973 # http://allafrica.com/stories/200703300178.html 974 # While the entire country changes its time, Katima Mulilo and other 975 # settlements in Caprivi unofficially will not because the sun there 976 # rises and sets earlier compared to other regions. Chief of 977 # Forecasting Riaan van Zyl explained that the far eastern parts of 978 # the country are close to 40 minutes earlier in sunrise than the rest 979 # of the country. 980 # 981 # From Paul Eggert (2007-03-31): 982 # Apparently the Caprivi Strip informally observes Botswana time, but 983 # we have no details. In the meantime people there can use Africa/Gaborone. 984 985 # RULE NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S 986 Rule Namibia 1994 max - Sep Sun>=1 2:00 1:00 S 987 Rule Namibia 1995 max - Apr Sun>=1 2:00 0 - 988 # Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] 989 Zone Africa/Windhoek 1:08:24 - LMT 1892 Feb 8 990 1:30 - SWAT 1903 Mar # SW Africa Time 991 2:00 - SAST 1942 Sep 20 2:00 992 2:00 1:00 SAST 1943 Mar 21 2:00 993 2:00 - SAST 1990 Mar 21 # independence 994 2:00 - CAT 1994 Apr 3 995 1:00 Namibia WA%sT 996 997 # Niger 998 # See Africa/Lagos. 999 1000 # Nigeria 1001 # Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] 1002 Zone Africa/Lagos 0:13:36 - LMT 1919 Sep 1003 1:00 - WAT 1004 Link Africa/Lagos Africa/Bangui # Central African Republic 1005 Link Africa/Lagos Africa/Brazzaville # Rep. of the Congo 1006 Link Africa/Lagos Africa/Douala # Cameroon 1007 Link Africa/Lagos Africa/Kinshasa # Dem. Rep. of the Congo (west) 1008 Link Africa/Lagos Africa/Libreville # Gabon 1009 Link Africa/Lagos Africa/Luanda # Angola 1010 Link Africa/Lagos Africa/Malabo # Equatorial Guinea 1011 Link Africa/Lagos Africa/Niamey # Niger 1012 Link Africa/Lagos Africa/Porto-Novo # Benin 1013 1014 # Runion 1015 # Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] 1016 Zone Indian/Reunion 3:41:52 - LMT 1911 Jun # Saint-Denis 1017 4:00 - RET # Runion Time 1018 # 1019 # Crozet Islands also observes Runion time; see the 'antarctica' file. 1020 # 1021 # Scattered Islands (les parses) administered from Runion are as follows. 1022 # The following information about them is taken from 1023 # les parses (<http://www.outre-mer.gouv.fr/domtom/ile.htm>, 1997-07-22, 1024 # in French; no longer available as of 1999-08-17). 1025 # We have no info about their time zone histories. 1026 # 1027 # Bassas da India - uninhabited 1028 # Europa Island - inhabited from 1905 to 1910 by two families 1029 # Glorioso Is - inhabited until at least 1958 1030 # Juan de Nova - uninhabited 1031 # Tromelin - inhabited until at least 1958 1032 1033 # Rwanda 1034 # Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] 1035 Zone Africa/Kigali 2:00:16 - LMT 1935 Jun 1036 2:00 - CAT 1037 1038 # St Helena 1039 # See Africa/Abidjan. 1040 # The other parts of the St Helena territory are similar: 1041 # Tristan da Cunha: on GMT, say Whitman and the CIA 1042 # Ascension: on GMT, say the USNO (1995-12-21) and the CIA 1043 # Gough (scientific station since 1955; sealers wintered previously): 1044 # on GMT, says the CIA 1045 # Inaccessible, Nightingale: uninhabited 1046 1047 # So Tom and Prncipe 1048 # Senegal 1049 # See Africa/Abidjan. 1050 1051 # Seychelles 1052 # Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] 1053 Zone Indian/Mahe 3:41:48 - LMT 1906 Jun # Victoria 1054 4:00 - SCT # Seychelles Time 1055 # From Paul Eggert (2001-05-30): 1056 # Aldabra, Farquhar, and Desroches, originally dependencies of the 1057 # Seychelles, were transferred to the British Indian Ocean Territory 1058 # in 1965 and returned to Seychelles control in 1976. We don't know 1059 # whether this affected their time zone, so omit this for now. 1060 # Possibly the islands were uninhabited. 1061 1062 # Sierra Leone 1063 # See Africa/Abidjan. 1064 1065 # Somalia 1066 # Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] 1067 Zone Africa/Mogadishu 3:01:28 - LMT 1893 Nov 1068 3:00 - EAT 1931 1069 2:30 - BEAT 1957 1070 3:00 - EAT 1071 1072 # South Africa 1073 # Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S 1074 Rule SA 1942 1943 - Sep Sun>=15 2:00 1:00 - 1075 Rule SA 1943 1944 - Mar Sun>=15 2:00 0 - 1076 # Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] 1077 Zone Africa/Johannesburg 1:52:00 - LMT 1892 Feb 8 1078 1:30 - SAST 1903 Mar 1079 2:00 SA SAST 1080 # Marion and Prince Edward Is 1081 # scientific station since 1947 1082 # no information 1083 1084 # Sudan 1085 # 1086 # From <http://www.sunanews.net/sn13jane.html> 1087 # Sudan News Agency (2000-01-13), 1088 # also reported by Michal De Beukelaer-Dossche via Steffen Thorsen: 1089 # Clocks will be moved ahead for 60 minutes all over the Sudan as of noon 1090 # Saturday.... This was announced Thursday by Caretaker State Minister for 1091 # Manpower Abdul-Rahman Nur-Eddin. 1092 # 1093 # Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S 1094 Rule Sudan 1970 only - May 1 0:00 1:00 S 1095 Rule Sudan 1970 1985 - Oct 15 0:00 0 - 1096 Rule Sudan 1971 only - Apr 30 0:00 1:00 S 1097 Rule Sudan 1972 1985 - Apr lastSun 0:00 1:00 S 1098 # Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] 1099 Zone Africa/Khartoum 2:10:08 - LMT 1931 1100 2:00 Sudan CA%sT 2000 Jan 15 12:00 1101 3:00 - EAT 1102 1103 # South Sudan 1104 Link Africa/Khartoum Africa/Juba 1105 1106 # Swaziland 1107 # Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] 1108 Zone Africa/Mbabane 2:04:24 - LMT 1903 Mar 1109 2:00 - SAST 1110 1111 # Tanzania 1112 # Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] 1113 Zone Africa/Dar_es_Salaam 2:37:08 - LMT 1931 1114 3:00 - EAT 1948 1115 2:45 - BEAUT 1961 1116 3:00 - EAT 1117 1118 # Togo 1119 # See Africa/Abidjan. 1120 1121 # Tunisia 1122 1123 # From Gwillim Law (2005-04-30): 1124 # My correspondent, Risto Nyknen, has alerted me to another adoption of DST, 1125 # this time in Tunisia. According to Yahoo France News 1126 # <http://fr.news.yahoo.com/050426/5/4dumk.html>, in a story attributed to AP 1127 # and dated 2005-04-26, "Tunisia has decided to advance its official time by 1128 # one hour, starting on Sunday, May 1. Henceforth, Tunisian time will be 1129 # UTC+2 instead of UTC+1. The change will take place at 23:00 UTC next 1130 # Saturday." (My translation) 1131 # 1132 # From Oscar van Vlijmen (2005-05-02): 1133 # La Presse, the first national daily newspaper ... 1134 # http://www.lapresse.tn/archives/archives280405/actualites/lheure.html 1135 # ... DST for 2005: on: Sun May 1 0h standard time, off: Fri Sept. 30, 1136 # 1h standard time. 1137 # 1138 # From Atef Loukil (2006-03-28): 1139 # The daylight saving time will be the same each year: 1140 # Beginning : the last Sunday of March at 02:00 1141 # Ending : the last Sunday of October at 03:00 ... 1142 # http://www.tap.info.tn/en/index.php?option=com_content&task=view&id=1188&Itemid=50 1143 1144 # From Steffen Thorsen (2009-03-16): 1145 # According to several news sources, Tunisia will not observe DST this year. 1146 # (Arabic) 1147 # http://www.elbashayer.com/?page=viewn&nid=42546 1148 # http://www.babnet.net/kiwidetail-15295.asp 1149 # 1150 # We have also confirmed this with the US embassy in Tunisia. 1151 # We have a wrap-up about this on the following page: 1152 # http://www.timeanddate.com/news/time/tunisia-cancels-dst-2009.html 1153 1154 # From Alexander Krivenyshev (2009-03-17): 1155 # Here is a link to Tunis Afrique Presse News Agency 1156 # 1157 # Standard time to be kept the whole year long (tap.info.tn): 1158 # 1159 # (in English) 1160 # http://www.tap.info.tn/en/index.php?option=com_content&task=view&id=26813&Itemid=157 1161 # 1162 # (in Arabic) 1163 # http://www.tap.info.tn/ar/index.php?option=com_content&task=view&id=61240&Itemid=1 1164 1165 # From Arthur David Olson (2009-03-18): 1166 # The Tunis Afrique Presse News Agency notice contains this: "This measure is 1167 # due to the fact that the fasting month of Ramadan coincides with the period 1168 # concerned by summer time. Therefore, the standard time will be kept 1169 # unchanged the whole year long." So foregoing DST seems to be an exception 1170 # (albeit one that may be repeated in the future). 1171 1172 # From Alexander Krivenyshev (2010-03-27): 1173 # According to some news reports Tunis confirmed not to use DST in 2010 1174 # 1175 # (translation): 1176 # "The Tunisian government has decided to abandon DST, which was scheduled on 1177 # Sunday... 1178 # Tunisian authorities had suspended the DST for the first time last year also 1179 # coincided with the month of Ramadan..." 1180 # 1181 # (in Arabic) 1182 # http://www.moheet.com/show_news.aspx?nid=358861&pg=1 1183 # http://www.almadenahnews.com/newss/news.php?c=118&id=38036 1184 # http://www.worldtimezone.com/dst_news/dst_news_tunis02.html 1185 1186 # Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S 1187 Rule Tunisia 1939 only - Apr 15 23:00s 1:00 S 1188 Rule Tunisia 1939 only - Nov 18 23:00s 0 - 1189 Rule Tunisia 1940 only - Feb 25 23:00s 1:00 S 1190 Rule Tunisia 1941 only - Oct 6 0:00 0 - 1191 Rule Tunisia 1942 only - Mar 9 0:00 1:00 S 1192 Rule Tunisia 1942 only - Nov 2 3:00 0 - 1193 Rule Tunisia 1943 only - Mar 29 2:00 1:00 S 1194 Rule Tunisia 1943 only - Apr 17 2:00 0 - 1195 Rule Tunisia 1943 only - Apr 25 2:00 1:00 S 1196 Rule Tunisia 1943 only - Oct 4 2:00 0 - 1197 Rule Tunisia 1944 1945 - Apr Mon>=1 2:00 1:00 S 1198 Rule Tunisia 1944 only - Oct 8 0:00 0 - 1199 Rule Tunisia 1945 only - Sep 16 0:00 0 - 1200 Rule Tunisia 1977 only - Apr 30 0:00s 1:00 S 1201 Rule Tunisia 1977 only - Sep 24 0:00s 0 - 1202 Rule Tunisia 1978 only - May 1 0:00s 1:00 S 1203 Rule Tunisia 1978 only - Oct 1 0:00s 0 - 1204 Rule Tunisia 1988 only - Jun 1 0:00s 1:00 S 1205 Rule Tunisia 1988 1990 - Sep lastSun 0:00s 0 - 1206 Rule Tunisia 1989 only - Mar 26 0:00s 1:00 S 1207 Rule Tunisia 1990 only - May 1 0:00s 1:00 S 1208 Rule Tunisia 2005 only - May 1 0:00s 1:00 S 1209 Rule Tunisia 2005 only - Sep 30 1:00s 0 - 1210 Rule Tunisia 2006 2008 - Mar lastSun 2:00s 1:00 S 1211 Rule Tunisia 2006 2008 - Oct lastSun 2:00s 0 - 1212 1213 # Shanks & Pottenger give 0:09:20 for Paris Mean Time; go with Howse's 1214 # more precise 0:09:21. 1215 # Shanks & Pottenger say the 1911 switch was on Mar 9; go with Howse's Mar 11. 1216 # Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] 1217 Zone Africa/Tunis 0:40:44 - LMT 1881 May 12 1218 0:09:21 - PMT 1911 Mar 11 # Paris Mean Time 1219 1:00 Tunisia CE%sT 1220 1221 # Uganda 1222 # Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] 1223 Zone Africa/Kampala 2:09:40 - LMT 1928 Jul 1224 3:00 - EAT 1930 1225 2:30 - BEAT 1948 1226 2:45 - BEAUT 1957 1227 3:00 - EAT 1228 1229 # Zambia 1230 # Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] 1231 Zone Africa/Lusaka 1:53:08 - LMT 1903 Mar 1232 2:00 - CAT 1233 1234 # Zimbabwe 1235 # Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] 1236 Zone Africa/Harare 2:04:12 - LMT 1903 Mar 1237 2:00 - CAT 1238
Indexes created Thu Apr 30 00:23:01 UTC 2026