africa revision 1.1.1.1.4.2
1 # This file is in the public domain, so clarified as of 2 # 2009-05-17 by Arthur David Olson. 3 4 # This file is by no means authoritative; if you think you know better, 5 # go ahead and edit the file (and please send any changes to 6 # tz (a] iana.org for general use in the future). For more, please see 7 # the file CONTRIBUTING in the tz distribution. 8 9 # From Paul Eggert (2014-10-31): 10 # 11 # Unless otherwise specified, the source for data through 1990 is: 12 # Thomas G. Shanks and Rique Pottenger, The International Atlas (6th edition), 13 # San Diego: ACS Publications, Inc. (2003). 14 # Unfortunately this book contains many errors and cites no sources. 15 # 16 # Gwillim Law writes that a good source 17 # for recent time zone data is the International Air Transport 18 # Association's Standard Schedules Information Manual (IATA SSIM), 19 # published semiannually. Law sent in several helpful summaries 20 # of the IATA's data after 1990. Except where otherwise noted, 21 # IATA SSIM is the source for entries after 1990. 22 # 23 # Another source occasionally used is Edward W. Whitman, World Time Differences, 24 # Whitman Publishing Co, 2 Niagara Av, Ealing, London (undated), which 25 # I found in the UCLA library. 26 # 27 # For data circa 1899, a common source is: 28 # Milne J. Civil time. Geogr J. 1899 Feb;13(2):173-94. 29 # http://www.jstor.org/stable/1774359 30 # 31 # A reliable and entertaining source about time zones is 32 # Derek Howse, Greenwich time and longitude, Philip Wilson Publishers (1997). 33 # 34 # Previous editions of this database used WAT, CAT, SAT, and EAT 35 # for +0:00 through +3:00, respectively, 36 # but Mark R V Murray reports that 37 # 'SAST' is the official abbreviation for +2:00 in the country of South Africa, 38 # 'CAT' is commonly used for +2:00 in countries north of South Africa, and 39 # 'WAT' is probably the best name for +1:00, as the common phrase for 40 # the area that includes Nigeria is "West Africa". 41 # He has heard of "Western Sahara Time" for +0:00 but can find no reference. 42 # 43 # To make things confusing, 'WAT' seems to have been used for -1:00 long ago; 44 # I'd guess that this was because people needed _some_ name for -1:00, 45 # and at the time, far west Africa was the only major land area in -1:00. 46 # This usage is now obsolete, as the last use of -1:00 on the African 47 # mainland seems to have been 1976 in Western Sahara. 48 # 49 # To summarize, the following abbreviations seem to have some currency: 50 # -1:00 WAT West Africa Time (no longer used) 51 # 0:00 GMT Greenwich Mean Time 52 # 2:00 CAT Central Africa Time 53 # 2:00 SAST South Africa Standard Time 54 # and Murray suggests the following abbreviation: 55 # 1:00 WAT West Africa Time 56 # I realize that this leads to 'WAT' being used for both -1:00 and 1:00 57 # for times before 1976, but this is the best I can think of 58 # until we get more information. 59 # 60 # I invented the following abbreviations; corrections are welcome! 61 # 2:00 WAST West Africa Summer Time 62 # 2:30 BEAT British East Africa Time (no longer used) 63 # 2:45 BEAUT British East Africa Unified Time (no longer used) 64 # 3:00 CAST Central Africa Summer Time (no longer used) 65 # 3:00 SAST South Africa Summer Time (no longer used) 66 # 3:00 EAT East Africa Time 67 68 # Algeria 69 # Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S 70 Rule Algeria 1916 only - Jun 14 23:00s 1:00 S 71 Rule Algeria 1916 1919 - Oct Sun>=1 23:00s 0 - 72 Rule Algeria 1917 only - Mar 24 23:00s 1:00 S 73 Rule Algeria 1918 only - Mar 9 23:00s 1:00 S 74 Rule Algeria 1919 only - Mar 1 23:00s 1:00 S 75 Rule Algeria 1920 only - Feb 14 23:00s 1:00 S 76 Rule Algeria 1920 only - Oct 23 23:00s 0 - 77 Rule Algeria 1921 only - Mar 14 23:00s 1:00 S 78 Rule Algeria 1921 only - Jun 21 23:00s 0 - 79 Rule Algeria 1939 only - Sep 11 23:00s 1:00 S 80 Rule Algeria 1939 only - Nov 19 1:00 0 - 81 Rule Algeria 1944 1945 - Apr Mon>=1 2:00 1:00 S 82 Rule Algeria 1944 only - Oct 8 2:00 0 - 83 Rule Algeria 1945 only - Sep 16 1:00 0 - 84 Rule Algeria 1971 only - Apr 25 23:00s 1:00 S 85 Rule Algeria 1971 only - Sep 26 23:00s 0 - 86 Rule Algeria 1977 only - May 6 0:00 1:00 S 87 Rule Algeria 1977 only - Oct 21 0:00 0 - 88 Rule Algeria 1978 only - Mar 24 1:00 1:00 S 89 Rule Algeria 1978 only - Sep 22 3:00 0 - 90 Rule Algeria 1980 only - Apr 25 0:00 1:00 S 91 Rule Algeria 1980 only - Oct 31 2:00 0 - 92 # Shanks & Pottenger give 0:09:20 for Paris Mean Time; go with Howse's 93 # more precise 0:09:21. 94 # Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] 95 Zone Africa/Algiers 0:12:12 - LMT 1891 Mar 15 0:01 96 0:09:21 - PMT 1911 Mar 11 # Paris Mean Time 97 0:00 Algeria WE%sT 1940 Feb 25 2:00 98 1:00 Algeria CE%sT 1946 Oct 7 99 0:00 - WET 1956 Jan 29 100 1:00 - CET 1963 Apr 14 101 0:00 Algeria WE%sT 1977 Oct 21 102 1:00 Algeria CE%sT 1979 Oct 26 103 0:00 Algeria WE%sT 1981 May 104 1:00 - CET 105 106 # Angola 107 # Benin 108 # See Africa/Lagos. 109 110 # Botswana 111 # See Africa/Maputo. 112 113 # Burkina Faso 114 # See Africa/Abidjan. 115 116 # Burundi 117 # See Africa/Maputo. 118 119 # Cameroon 120 # See Africa/Lagos. 121 122 # Cape Verde 123 # 124 # Shanks gives 1907 for the transition to CVT. 125 # Perhaps the 1911-05-26 Portuguese decree 126 # http://dre.pt/pdf1sdip/1911/05/12500/23132313.pdf 127 # merely made it official? 128 # 129 # Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] 130 Zone Atlantic/Cape_Verde -1:34:04 - LMT 1907 # Praia 131 -2:00 - CVT 1942 Sep 132 -2:00 1:00 CVST 1945 Oct 15 133 -2:00 - CVT 1975 Nov 25 2:00 134 -1:00 - CVT 135 136 # Central African Republic 137 # See Africa/Lagos. 138 139 # Chad 140 # Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] 141 Zone Africa/Ndjamena 1:00:12 - LMT 1912 # N'Djamena 142 1:00 - WAT 1979 Oct 14 143 1:00 1:00 WAST 1980 Mar 8 144 1:00 - WAT 145 146 # Comoros 147 # See Africa/Nairobi. 148 149 # Democratic Republic of the Congo 150 # See Africa/Lagos for the western part and Africa/Maputo for the eastern. 151 152 # Republic of the Congo 153 # See Africa/Lagos. 154 155 # Cte d'Ivoire / Ivory Coast 156 # Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] 157 Zone Africa/Abidjan -0:16:08 - LMT 1912 158 0:00 - GMT 159 Link Africa/Abidjan Africa/Bamako # Mali 160 Link Africa/Abidjan Africa/Banjul # Gambia 161 Link Africa/Abidjan Africa/Conakry # Guinea 162 Link Africa/Abidjan Africa/Dakar # Senegal 163 Link Africa/Abidjan Africa/Freetown # Sierra Leone 164 Link Africa/Abidjan Africa/Lome # Togo 165 Link Africa/Abidjan Africa/Nouakchott # Mauritania 166 Link Africa/Abidjan Africa/Ouagadougou # Burkina Faso 167 Link Africa/Abidjan Africa/Sao_Tome # So Tom and Prncipe 168 Link Africa/Abidjan Atlantic/St_Helena # St Helena 169 170 # Djibouti 171 # See Africa/Nairobi. 172 173 ############################################################################### 174 175 # Egypt 176 177 # Milne says Cairo used 2:05:08.9, the local mean time of the Abbasizeh 178 # observatory; round to nearest. Milne also says that the official time for 179 # Egypt was mean noon at the Great Pyramid, 2:04:30.5, but apparently this 180 # did not apply to Cairo, Alexandria, or Port Said. 181 182 # Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S 183 Rule Egypt 1940 only - Jul 15 0:00 1:00 S 184 Rule Egypt 1940 only - Oct 1 0:00 0 - 185 Rule Egypt 1941 only - Apr 15 0:00 1:00 S 186 Rule Egypt 1941 only - Sep 16 0:00 0 - 187 Rule Egypt 1942 1944 - Apr 1 0:00 1:00 S 188 Rule Egypt 1942 only - Oct 27 0:00 0 - 189 Rule Egypt 1943 1945 - Nov 1 0:00 0 - 190 Rule Egypt 1945 only - Apr 16 0:00 1:00 S 191 Rule Egypt 1957 only - May 10 0:00 1:00 S 192 Rule Egypt 1957 1958 - Oct 1 0:00 0 - 193 Rule Egypt 1958 only - May 1 0:00 1:00 S 194 Rule Egypt 1959 1981 - May 1 1:00 1:00 S 195 Rule Egypt 1959 1965 - Sep 30 3:00 0 - 196 Rule Egypt 1966 1994 - Oct 1 3:00 0 - 197 Rule Egypt 1982 only - Jul 25 1:00 1:00 S 198 Rule Egypt 1983 only - Jul 12 1:00 1:00 S 199 Rule Egypt 1984 1988 - May 1 1:00 1:00 S 200 Rule Egypt 1989 only - May 6 1:00 1:00 S 201 Rule Egypt 1990 1994 - May 1 1:00 1:00 S 202 # IATA (after 1990) says transitions are at 0:00. 203 # Go with IATA starting in 1995, except correct 1995 entry from 09-30 to 09-29. 204 205 # From Alexander Krivenyshev (2011-04-20): 206 # "...Egypt's interim cabinet decided on Wednesday to cancel daylight 207 # saving time after a poll posted on its website showed the majority of 208 # Egyptians would approve the cancellation." 209 # 210 # Egypt to cancel daylight saving time 211 # http://www.almasryalyoum.com/en/node/407168 212 # or 213 # http://www.worldtimezone.com/dst_news/dst_news_egypt04.html 214 Rule Egypt 1995 2010 - Apr lastFri 0:00s 1:00 S 215 Rule Egypt 1995 2005 - Sep lastThu 24:00 0 - 216 # From Steffen Thorsen (2006-09-19): 217 # The Egyptian Gazette, issue 41,090 (2006-09-18), page 1, reports: 218 # Egypt will turn back clocks by one hour at the midnight of Thursday 219 # after observing the daylight saving time since May. 220 # http://news.gom.com.eg/gazette/pdf/2006/09/18/01.pdf 221 Rule Egypt 2006 only - Sep 21 24:00 0 - 222 # From Dirk Losch (2007-08-14): 223 # I received a mail from an airline which says that the daylight 224 # saving time in Egypt will end in the night of 2007-09-06 to 2007-09-07. 225 # From Jesper Nrgaard Welen (2007-08-15): [The following agree:] 226 # http://www.nentjes.info/Bill/bill5.htm 227 # http://www.timeanddate.com/worldclock/city.html?n=53 228 # From Steffen Thorsen (2007-09-04): The official information...: 229 # http://www.sis.gov.eg/En/EgyptOnline/Miscellaneous/000002/0207000000000000001580.htm 230 Rule Egypt 2007 only - Sep Thu>=1 24:00 0 - 231 # From Abdelrahman Hassan (2007-09-06): 232 # Due to the Hijri (lunar Islamic calendar) year being 11 days shorter 233 # than the year of the Gregorian calendar, Ramadan shifts earlier each 234 # year. This year it will be observed September 13 (September is quite 235 # hot in Egypt), and the idea is to make fasting easier for workers by 236 # shifting business hours one hour out of daytime heat. Consequently, 237 # unless discontinued, next DST may end Thursday 28 August 2008. 238 # From Paul Eggert (2007-08-17): 239 # For lack of better info, assume the new rule is last Thursday in August. 240 241 # From Petr Machata (2009-04-06): 242 # The following appeared in Red Hat bugzilla[1] (edited): 243 # 244 # > $ zdump -v /usr/share/zoneinfo/Africa/Cairo | grep 2009 245 # > /usr/share/zoneinfo/Africa/Cairo Thu Apr 23 21:59:59 2009 UTC = Thu = 246 # Apr 23 247 # > 23:59:59 2009 EET isdst=0 gmtoff=7200 248 # > /usr/share/zoneinfo/Africa/Cairo Thu Apr 23 22:00:00 2009 UTC = Fri = 249 # Apr 24 250 # > 01:00:00 2009 EEST isdst=1 gmtoff=10800 251 # > /usr/share/zoneinfo/Africa/Cairo Thu Aug 27 20:59:59 2009 UTC = Thu = 252 # Aug 27 253 # > 23:59:59 2009 EEST isdst=1 gmtoff=10800 254 # > /usr/share/zoneinfo/Africa/Cairo Thu Aug 27 21:00:00 2009 UTC = Thu = 255 # Aug 27 256 # > 23:00:00 2009 EET isdst=0 gmtoff=7200 257 # 258 # > end date should be Thu Sep 24 2009 (Last Thursday in September at 23:59= 259 # :59) 260 # > http://support.microsoft.com/kb/958729/ 261 # 262 # timeanddate[2] and another site I've found[3] also support that. 263 # 264 # [1] https://bugzilla.redhat.com/show_bug.cgi?id=492263 265 # [2] http://www.timeanddate.com/worldclock/clockchange.html?n=53 266 # [3] http://wwp.greenwichmeantime.com/time-zone/africa/egypt/ 267 268 # From Arthur David Olson (2009-04-20): 269 # In 2009 (and for the next several years), Ramadan ends before the fourth 270 # Thursday in September; Egypt is expected to revert to the last Thursday 271 # in September. 272 273 # From Steffen Thorsen (2009-08-11): 274 # We have been able to confirm the August change with the Egyptian Cabinet 275 # Information and Decision Support Center: 276 # http://www.timeanddate.com/news/time/egypt-dst-ends-2009.html 277 # 278 # The Middle East News Agency 279 # http://www.mena.org.eg/index.aspx 280 # also reports "Egypt starts winter time on August 21" 281 # today in article numbered "71, 11/08/2009 12:25 GMT." 282 # Only the title above is available without a subscription to their service, 283 # and can be found by searching for "winter" in their search engine 284 # (at least today). 285 286 # From Alexander Krivenyshev (2010-07-20): 287 # According to News from Egypt - Al-Masry Al-Youm Egypt's cabinet has 288 # decided that Daylight Saving Time will not be used in Egypt during 289 # Ramadan. 290 # 291 # Arabic translation: 292 # "Clocks to go back during Ramadan - and then forward again" 293 # http://www.almasryalyoum.com/en/news/clocks-go-back-during-ramadan-and-then-forward-again 294 # http://www.worldtimezone.com/dst_news/dst_news_egypt02.html 295 296 # From Ahmad El-Dardiry (2014-05-07): 297 # Egypt is to change back to Daylight system on May 15 298 # http://english.ahram.org.eg/NewsContent/1/64/100735/Egypt/Politics-/Egypts-government-to-reapply-daylight-saving-time-.aspx 299 300 # From Gunther Vermier (2014-05-13): 301 # our Egypt office confirms that the change will be at 15 May "midnight" (24:00) 302 303 # From Imed Chihi (2014-06-04): 304 # We have finally "located" a precise official reference about the DST changes 305 # in Egypt. The Ministers Cabinet decision is explained at 306 # http://www.cabinet.gov.eg/Media/CabinetMeetingsDetails.aspx?id=347 ... 307 # [T]his (Arabic) site is not accessible outside Egypt, but the page ... 308 # translates into: "With regard to daylight saving time, it is scheduled to 309 # take effect at exactly twelve o'clock this evening, Thursday, 15 MAY 2014, 310 # to be suspended by twelve o'clock on the evening of Thursday, 26 JUN 2014, 311 # and re-established again at the end of the month of Ramadan, at twelve 312 # o'clock on the evening of Thursday, 31 JUL 2014." This statement has been 313 # reproduced by other (more accessible) sites[, e.g.,]... 314 # http://elgornal.net/news/news.aspx?id=4699258 315 316 # From Paul Eggert (2014-06-04): 317 # Sarah El Deeb and Lee Keath of AP report that the Egyptian government says 318 # the change is because of blackouts in Cairo, even though Ahram Online (cited 319 # above) says DST had no affect on electricity consumption. There is 320 # no information about when DST will end this fall. See: 321 # http://abcnews.go.com/International/wireStory/el-sissi-pushes-egyptians-line-23614833 322 # 323 # For now, guess that later spring and fall transitions will use 324 # 2010's rules, and guess that Egypt will switch to standard time at 325 # 24:00 the last Thursday before Ramadan, and back to DST at 00:00 the 326 # first Friday after Ramadan. To implement this, 327 # transition dates for 2015 through 2037 were determined by running 328 # the following program under GNU Emacs 24.3, with the results integrated 329 # by hand into the table below. Ramadan again intrudes on the guessed 330 # DST starting in 2038, but that's beyond our somewhat-arbitrary cutoff. 331 # (let ((islamic-year 1436)) 332 # (while (< islamic-year 1460) 333 # (let ((a (calendar-islamic-to-absolute (list 9 1 islamic-year))) 334 # (b (calendar-islamic-to-absolute (list 10 1 islamic-year))) 335 # (friday 5)) 336 # (while (/= friday (mod a 7)) 337 # (setq a (1- a))) 338 # (while (/= friday (mod b 7)) 339 # (setq b (1+ b))) 340 # (setq a (1- a)) 341 # (setq b (1- b)) 342 # (setq a (calendar-gregorian-from-absolute a)) 343 # (setq b (calendar-gregorian-from-absolute b)) 344 # (insert 345 # (format 346 # (concat "Rule\tEgypt\t%d\tonly\t-\t%s\t%2d\t24:00\t0\t-\n" 347 # "Rule\tEgypt\t%d\tonly\t-\t%s\t%2d\t24:00\t1:00\tS\n") 348 # (car (cdr (cdr a))) (calendar-month-name (car a) t) (car (cdr a)) 349 # (car (cdr (cdr b))) (calendar-month-name (car b) t) (car (cdr b))))) 350 # (setq islamic-year (+ 1 islamic-year)))) 351 Rule Egypt 2008 only - Aug lastThu 24:00 0 - 352 Rule Egypt 2009 only - Aug 20 24:00 0 - 353 Rule Egypt 2010 only - Aug 10 24:00 0 - 354 Rule Egypt 2010 only - Sep 9 24:00 1:00 S 355 Rule Egypt 2010 only - Sep lastThu 24:00 0 - 356 Rule Egypt 2014 only - May 15 24:00 1:00 S 357 Rule Egypt 2014 only - Jun 26 24:00 0 - 358 Rule Egypt 2014 only - Jul 31 24:00 1:00 S 359 Rule Egypt 2014 max - Sep lastThu 24:00 0 - 360 Rule Egypt 2015 2019 - Apr lastFri 0:00s 1:00 S 361 Rule Egypt 2015 only - Jun 11 24:00 0 - 362 Rule Egypt 2015 only - Jul 23 24:00 1:00 S 363 Rule Egypt 2016 only - Jun 2 24:00 0 - 364 Rule Egypt 2016 only - Jul 7 24:00 1:00 S 365 Rule Egypt 2017 only - May 25 24:00 0 - 366 Rule Egypt 2017 only - Jun 29 24:00 1:00 S 367 Rule Egypt 2018 only - May 10 24:00 0 - 368 Rule Egypt 2018 only - Jun 14 24:00 1:00 S 369 Rule Egypt 2019 only - May 2 24:00 0 - 370 Rule Egypt 2019 only - Jun 6 24:00 1:00 S 371 Rule Egypt 2020 only - May 28 24:00 1:00 S 372 Rule Egypt 2021 only - May 13 24:00 1:00 S 373 Rule Egypt 2022 only - May 5 24:00 1:00 S 374 Rule Egypt 2023 max - Apr lastFri 0:00s 1:00 S 375 376 # Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] 377 Zone Africa/Cairo 2:05:09 - LMT 1900 Oct 378 2:00 Egypt EE%sT 379 380 # Equatorial Guinea 381 # See Africa/Lagos. 382 383 # Eritrea 384 # Ethiopia 385 # See Africa/Nairobi. 386 387 # Gabon 388 # See Africa/Lagos. 389 390 # Gambia 391 # See Africa/Abidjan. 392 393 # Ghana 394 # Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S 395 # Whitman says DST was observed from 1931 to "the present"; 396 # Shanks & Pottenger say 1936 to 1942; 397 # and September 1 to January 1 is given by: 398 # Scott Keltie J, Epstein M (eds), The Statesman's Year-Book, 399 # 57th ed. Macmillan, London (1920), OCLC 609408015, pp xxviii. 400 # For lack of better info, assume DST was observed from 1920 to 1942. 401 Rule Ghana 1920 1942 - Sep 1 0:00 0:20 GHST 402 Rule Ghana 1920 1942 - Dec 31 0:00 0 GMT 403 # Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] 404 Zone Africa/Accra -0:00:52 - LMT 1918 405 0:00 Ghana %s 406 407 # Guinea 408 # See Africa/Abidjan. 409 410 # Guinea-Bissau 411 # 412 # Shanks gives 1911-05-26 for the transition to WAT, 413 # evidently confusing the date of the Portuguese decree 414 # http://dre.pt/pdf1sdip/1911/05/12500/23132313.pdf 415 # with the date that it took effect, namely 1912-01-01. 416 # 417 # Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] 418 Zone Africa/Bissau -1:02:20 - LMT 1912 Jan 1 419 -1:00 - WAT 1975 420 0:00 - GMT 421 422 # Kenya 423 # Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] 424 Zone Africa/Nairobi 2:27:16 - LMT 1928 Jul 425 3:00 - EAT 1930 426 2:30 - BEAT 1940 427 2:45 - BEAUT 1960 428 3:00 - EAT 429 Link Africa/Nairobi Africa/Addis_Ababa # Ethiopia 430 Link Africa/Nairobi Africa/Asmara # Eritrea 431 Link Africa/Nairobi Africa/Dar_es_Salaam # Tanzania 432 Link Africa/Nairobi Africa/Djibouti 433 Link Africa/Nairobi Africa/Kampala # Uganda 434 Link Africa/Nairobi Africa/Mogadishu # Somalia 435 Link Africa/Nairobi Indian/Antananarivo # Madagascar 436 Link Africa/Nairobi Indian/Comoro 437 Link Africa/Nairobi Indian/Mayotte 438 439 # Lesotho 440 # See Africa/Johannesburg. 441 442 # Liberia 443 # From Paul Eggert (2006-03-22): 444 # In 1972 Liberia was the last country to switch 445 # from a UTC offset that was not a multiple of 15 or 20 minutes. 446 # Howse reports that it was in honor of their president's birthday. 447 # Shank & Pottenger report the date as May 1, whereas Howse reports Jan; 448 # go with Shanks & Pottenger. 449 # For Liberia before 1972, Shanks & Pottenger report -0:44, whereas Howse and 450 # Whitman each report -0:44:30; go with the more precise figure. 451 # Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] 452 Zone Africa/Monrovia -0:43:08 - LMT 1882 453 -0:43:08 - MMT 1919 Mar # Monrovia Mean Time 454 -0:44:30 - LRT 1972 May # Liberia Time 455 0:00 - GMT 456 457 ############################################################################### 458 459 # Libya 460 461 # From Even Scharning (2012-11-10): 462 # Libya set their time one hour back at 02:00 on Saturday November 10. 463 # http://www.libyaherald.com/2012/11/04/clocks-to-go-back-an-hour-on-saturday/ 464 # Here is an official source [in Arabic]: http://ls.ly/fb6Yc 465 # 466 # Steffen Thorsen forwarded a translation (2012-11-10) in 467 # http://mm.icann.org/pipermail/tz/2012-November/018451.html 468 # 469 # From Tim Parenti (2012-11-11): 470 # Treat the 2012-11-10 change as a zone change from UTC+2 to UTC+1. 471 # The DST rules planned for 2013 and onward roughly mirror those of Europe 472 # (either two days before them or five days after them, so as to fall on 473 # lastFri instead of lastSun). 474 475 # From Even Scharning (2013-10-25): 476 # The scheduled end of DST in Libya on Friday, October 25, 2013 was 477 # cancelled yesterday.... 478 # http://www.libyaherald.com/2013/10/24/correction-no-time-change-tomorrow/ 479 # 480 # From Paul Eggert (2013-10-25): 481 # For now, assume they're reverting to the pre-2012 rules of permanent UTC+2. 482 483 # Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S 484 Rule Libya 1951 only - Oct 14 2:00 1:00 S 485 Rule Libya 1952 only - Jan 1 0:00 0 - 486 Rule Libya 1953 only - Oct 9 2:00 1:00 S 487 Rule Libya 1954 only - Jan 1 0:00 0 - 488 Rule Libya 1955 only - Sep 30 0:00 1:00 S 489 Rule Libya 1956 only - Jan 1 0:00 0 - 490 Rule Libya 1982 1984 - Apr 1 0:00 1:00 S 491 Rule Libya 1982 1985 - Oct 1 0:00 0 - 492 Rule Libya 1985 only - Apr 6 0:00 1:00 S 493 Rule Libya 1986 only - Apr 4 0:00 1:00 S 494 Rule Libya 1986 only - Oct 3 0:00 0 - 495 Rule Libya 1987 1989 - Apr 1 0:00 1:00 S 496 Rule Libya 1987 1989 - Oct 1 0:00 0 - 497 Rule Libya 1997 only - Apr 4 0:00 1:00 S 498 Rule Libya 1997 only - Oct 4 0:00 0 - 499 Rule Libya 2013 only - Mar lastFri 1:00 1:00 S 500 Rule Libya 2013 only - Oct lastFri 2:00 0 - 501 # Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] 502 Zone Africa/Tripoli 0:52:44 - LMT 1920 503 1:00 Libya CE%sT 1959 504 2:00 - EET 1982 505 1:00 Libya CE%sT 1990 May 4 506 # The 1996 and 1997 entries are from Shanks & Pottenger; 507 # the IATA SSIM data entries contain some obvious errors. 508 2:00 - EET 1996 Sep 30 509 1:00 Libya CE%sT 1997 Oct 4 510 2:00 - EET 2012 Nov 10 2:00 511 1:00 Libya CE%sT 2013 Oct 25 2:00 512 2:00 - EET 513 514 # Madagascar 515 # See Africa/Nairobi. 516 517 # Malawi 518 # See Africa/Maputo. 519 520 # Mali 521 # Mauritania 522 # See Africa/Abidjan. 523 524 # Mauritius 525 526 # From Steffen Thorsen (2008-06-25): 527 # Mauritius plans to observe DST from 2008-11-01 to 2009-03-31 on a trial 528 # basis.... 529 # It seems that Mauritius observed daylight saving time from 1982-10-10 to 530 # 1983-03-20 as well, but that was not successful.... 531 # http://www.timeanddate.com/news/time/mauritius-daylight-saving-time.html 532 533 # From Alex Krivenyshev (2008-06-25): 534 # http://economicdevelopment.gov.mu/portal/site/Mainhomepage/menuitem.a42b24128104d9845dabddd154508a0c/?content_id=0a7cee8b5d69a110VgnVCM1000000a04a8c0RCRD 535 536 # From Arthur David Olson (2008-06-30): 537 # The www.timeanddate.com article cited by Steffen Thorsen notes that "A 538 # final decision has yet to be made on the times that daylight saving 539 # would begin and end on these dates." As a place holder, use midnight. 540 541 # From Paul Eggert (2008-06-30): 542 # Follow Thorsen on DST in 1982/1983, instead of Shanks & Pottenger. 543 544 # From Steffen Thorsen (2008-07-10): 545 # According to 546 # http://www.lexpress.mu/display_article.php?news_id=111216 547 # (in French), Mauritius will start and end their DST a few days earlier 548 # than previously announced (2008-11-01 to 2009-03-31). The new start 549 # date is 2008-10-26 at 02:00 and the new end date is 2009-03-27 (no time 550 # given, but it is probably at either 2 or 3 wall clock time). 551 # 552 # A little strange though, since the article says that they moved the date 553 # to align itself with Europe and USA which also change time on that date, 554 # but that means they have not paid attention to what happened in 555 # USA/Canada last year (DST ends first Sunday in November). I also wonder 556 # why that they end on a Friday, instead of aligning with Europe which 557 # changes two days later. 558 559 # From Alex Krivenyshev (2008-07-11): 560 # Seems that English language article "The revival of daylight saving 561 # time: Energy conservation?"-# No. 16578 (07/11/2008) was originally 562 # published on Monday, June 30, 2008... 563 # 564 # I guess that article in French "Le gouvernement avance l'introduction 565 # de l'heure d't" stating that DST in Mauritius starting on October 26 566 # and ending on March 27, 2009 is the most recent one.... 567 # http://www.worldtimezone.com/dst_news/dst_news_mauritius02.html 568 569 # From Riad M. Hossen Ally (2008-08-03): 570 # The Government of Mauritius weblink 571 # http://www.gov.mu/portal/site/pmosite/menuitem.4ca0efdee47462e7440a600248a521ca/?content_id=4728ca68b2a5b110VgnVCM1000000a04a8c0RCRD 572 # Cabinet Decision of July 18th, 2008 states as follows: 573 # 574 # 4. ...Cabinet has agreed to the introduction into the National Assembly 575 # of the Time Bill which provides for the introduction of summer time in 576 # Mauritius. The summer time period which will be of one hour ahead of 577 # the standard time, will be aligned with that in Europe and the United 578 # States of America. It will start at two o'clock in the morning on the 579 # last Sunday of October and will end at two o'clock in the morning on 580 # the last Sunday of March the following year. The summer time for the 581 # year 2008-2009 will, therefore, be effective as from 26 October 2008 582 # and end on 29 March 2009. 583 584 # From Ed Maste (2008-10-07): 585 # THE TIME BILL (No. XXVII of 2008) Explanatory Memorandum states the 586 # beginning / ending of summer time is 2 o'clock standard time in the 587 # morning of the last Sunday of October / last Sunday of March. 588 # http://www.gov.mu/portal/goc/assemblysite/file/bill2708.pdf 589 590 # From Steffen Thorsen (2009-06-05): 591 # According to several sources, Mauritius will not continue to observe 592 # DST the coming summer... 593 # 594 # Some sources, in French: 595 # http://www.defimedia.info/news/946/Rashid-Beebeejaun-:-%C2%AB-L%E2%80%99heure-d%E2%80%99%C3%A9t%C3%A9-ne-sera-pas-appliqu%C3%A9e-cette-ann%C3%A9e-%C2%BB 596 # http://lexpress.mu/Story/3398~Beebeejaun---Les-objectifs-d-%C3%A9conomie-d-%C3%A9nergie-de-l-heure-d-%C3%A9t%C3%A9-ont-%C3%A9t%C3%A9-atteints- 597 # 598 # Our wrap-up: 599 # http://www.timeanddate.com/news/time/mauritius-dst-will-not-repeat.html 600 601 # From Arthur David Olson (2009-07-11): 602 # The "mauritius-dst-will-not-repeat" wrapup includes this: 603 # "The trial ended on March 29, 2009, when the clocks moved back by one hour 604 # at 2am (or 02:00) local time..." 605 606 # Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S 607 Rule Mauritius 1982 only - Oct 10 0:00 1:00 S 608 Rule Mauritius 1983 only - Mar 21 0:00 0 - 609 Rule Mauritius 2008 only - Oct lastSun 2:00 1:00 S 610 Rule Mauritius 2009 only - Mar lastSun 2:00 0 - 611 # Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] 612 Zone Indian/Mauritius 3:50:00 - LMT 1907 # Port Louis 613 4:00 Mauritius MU%sT # Mauritius Time 614 # Agalega Is, Rodriguez 615 # no information; probably like Indian/Mauritius 616 617 # Mayotte 618 # See Africa/Nairobi. 619 620 # Morocco 621 # See the 'europe' file for Spanish Morocco (Africa/Ceuta). 622 623 # From Alex Krivenyshev (2008-05-09): 624 # Here is an article that Morocco plan to introduce Daylight Saving Time between 625 # 1 June, 2008 and 27 September, 2008. 626 # 627 # "... Morocco is to save energy by adjusting its clock during summer so it will 628 # be one hour ahead of GMT between 1 June and 27 September, according to 629 # Communication Minister and Government Spokesman, Khalid Naciri...." 630 # 631 # http://www.worldtimezone.net/dst_news/dst_news_morocco01.html 632 # http://en.afrik.com/news11892.html 633 634 # From Alex Krivenyshev (2008-05-09): 635 # The Morocco time change can be confirmed on Morocco web site Maghreb Arabe 636 # Presse: 637 # http://www.map.ma/eng/sections/box3/morocco_shifts_to_da/view 638 # 639 # Morocco shifts to daylight time on June 1st through September 27, Govt. 640 # spokesman. 641 642 # From Patrice Scattolin (2008-05-09): 643 # According to this article: 644 # http://www.avmaroc.com/actualite/heure-dete-comment-a127896.html 645 # (and republished here: <http://www.actu.ma/heure-dete-comment_i127896_0.html>) 646 # the changes occur at midnight: 647 # 648 # Saturday night May 31st at midnight (which in French is to be 649 # interpreted as the night between Saturday and Sunday) 650 # Sunday night the 28th at midnight 651 # 652 # Seeing that the 28th is Monday, I am guessing that she intends to say 653 # the midnight of the 28th which is the midnight between Sunday and 654 # Monday, which jives with other sources that say that it's inclusive 655 # June 1st to Sept 27th. 656 # 657 # The decision was taken by decree *2-08-224 *but I can't find the decree 658 # published on the web. 659 # 660 # It's also confirmed here: 661 # http://www.maroc.ma/NR/exeres/FACF141F-D910-44B0-B7FA-6E03733425D1.htm 662 # on a government portal as being between June 1st and Sept 27th (not yet 663 # posted in English). 664 # 665 # The following Google query will generate many relevant hits: 666 # http://www.google.com/search?hl=en&q=Conseil+de+gouvernement+maroc+heure+avance&btnG=Search 667 668 # From Steffen Thorsen (2008-08-27): 669 # Morocco will change the clocks back on the midnight between August 31 670 # and September 1. They originally planned to observe DST to near the end 671 # of September: 672 # 673 # One article about it (in French): 674 # http://www.menara.ma/fr/Actualites/Maroc/Societe/ci.retour_a_l_heure_gmt_a_partir_du_dimanche_31_aout_a_minuit_officiel_.default 675 # 676 # We have some further details posted here: 677 # http://www.timeanddate.com/news/time/morocco-ends-dst-early-2008.html 678 679 # From Steffen Thorsen (2009-03-17): 680 # Morocco will observe DST from 2009-06-01 00:00 to 2009-08-21 00:00 according 681 # to many sources, such as 682 # http://news.marweb.com/morocco/entertainment/morocco-daylight-saving.html 683 # http://www.medi1sat.ma/fr/depeche.aspx?idp=2312 684 # (French) 685 # 686 # Our summary: 687 # http://www.timeanddate.com/news/time/morocco-starts-dst-2009.html 688 689 # From Alexander Krivenyshev (2009-03-17): 690 # Here is a link to official document from Royaume du Maroc Premier Ministre, 691 # Ministre de la Modernisation des Secteurs Publics 692 # 693 # Under Article 1 of Royal Decree No. 455-67 of Act 23 safar 1387 (2 june 1967) 694 # concerning the amendment of the legal time, the Ministry of Modernization of 695 # Public Sectors announced that the official time in the Kingdom will be 696 # advanced 60 minutes from Sunday 31 May 2009 at midnight. 697 # 698 # http://www.mmsp.gov.ma/francais/Actualites_fr/PDF_Actualites_Fr/HeureEte_FR.pdf 699 # http://www.worldtimezone.com/dst_news/dst_news_morocco03.html 700 701 # From Steffen Thorsen (2010-04-13): 702 # Several news media in Morocco report that the Ministry of Modernization 703 # of Public Sectors has announced that Morocco will have DST from 704 # 2010-05-02 to 2010-08-08. 705 # 706 # Example: 707 # http://www.lavieeco.com/actualites/4099-le-maroc-passera-a-l-heure-d-ete-gmt1-le-2-mai.html 708 # (French) 709 # Our page: 710 # http://www.timeanddate.com/news/time/morocco-starts-dst-2010.html 711 712 # From Dan Abitol (2011-03-30): 713 # ...Rules for Africa/Casablanca are the following (24h format) 714 # The 3rd April 2011 at 00:00:00, [it] will be 3rd April 01:00:00 715 # The 31st July 2011 at 00:59:59, [it] will be 31st July 00:00:00 716 # ...Official links of change in morocco 717 # The change was broadcast on the FM Radio 718 # I ve called ANRT (telecom regulations in Morocco) at 719 # +212.537.71.84.00 720 # http://www.anrt.net.ma/fr/ 721 # They said that 722 # http://www.map.ma/fr/sections/accueil/l_heure_legale_au_ma/view 723 # is the official publication to look at. 724 # They said that the decision was already taken. 725 # 726 # More articles in the press 727 # http://www.yabiladi.com/articles/details/5058/secret-l-heure-d-ete-maroc-leve.html 728 # http://www.lematin.ma/Actualite/Express/Article.asp?id=148923 729 # http://www.lavieeco.com/actualite/Le-Maroc-passe-sur-GMT%2B1-a-partir-de-dim 730 731 # From Petr Machata (2011-03-30): 732 # They have it written in English here: 733 # http://www.map.ma/eng/sections/home/morocco_to_spring_fo/view 734 # 735 # It says there that "Morocco will resume its standard time on July 31, 736 # 2011 at midnight." Now they don't say whether they mean midnight of 737 # wall clock time (i.e. 11pm UTC), but that's what I would assume. It has 738 # also been like that in the past. 739 740 # From Alexander Krivenyshev (2012-03-09): 741 # According to Infomdiaire web site from Morocco (infomediaire.ma), 742 # on March 9, 2012, (in French) Heure lgale: 743 # Le Maroc adopte officiellement l'heure d't 744 # http://www.infomediaire.ma/news/maroc/heure-l%C3%A9gale-le-maroc-adopte-officiellement-lheure-d%C3%A9t%C3%A9 745 # Governing Council adopted draft decree, that Morocco DST starts on 746 # the last Sunday of March (March 25, 2012) and ends on 747 # last Sunday of September (September 30, 2012) 748 # except the month of Ramadan. 749 # or (brief) 750 # http://www.worldtimezone.com/dst_news/dst_news_morocco06.html 751 752 # From Arthur David Olson (2012-03-10): 753 # The infomediaire.ma source indicates that the system is to be in 754 # effect every year. It gives 03H00 as the "fall back" time of day; 755 # it lacks a "spring forward" time of day; assume 2:00 XXX. 756 # Wait on specifying the Ramadan exception for details about 757 # start date, start time of day, end date, and end time of day XXX. 758 759 # From Christophe Tropamer (2012-03-16): 760 # Seen Morocco change again: 761 # http://www.le2uminutes.com/actualite.php 762 # "... partir du dernier dimanche d'avril et non fins mars, 763 # comme annonc prcdemment." 764 765 # From Milamber Space Network (2012-07-17): 766 # The official return to GMT is announced by the Moroccan government: 767 # http://www.mmsp.gov.ma/fr/actualites.aspx?id=288 [in French] 768 # 769 # Google translation, lightly edited: 770 # Back to the standard time of the Kingdom (GMT) 771 # Pursuant to Decree No. 2-12-126 issued on 26 Jumada (I) 1433 (April 18, 772 # 2012) and in accordance with the order of Mr. President of the 773 # Government No. 3-47-12 issued on 24 Sha'ban (11 July 2012), the Ministry 774 # of Public Service and Administration Modernization announces the return 775 # of the legal time of the Kingdom (GMT) from Friday, July 20, 2012 until 776 # Monday, August 20, 2012. So the time will be delayed by 60 minutes from 777 # 3:00 am Friday, July 20, 2012 and will again be advanced by 60 minutes 778 # August 20, 2012 from 2:00 am. 779 780 # From Paul Eggert (2013-03-06): 781 # Morocco's daylight-saving transitions due to Ramadan seem to be 782 # announced a bit in advance. On 2012-07-11 the Moroccan government 783 # announced that year's Ramadan daylight-saving transitions would be 784 # 2012-07-20 and 2012-08-20; see 785 # http://www.mmsp.gov.ma/fr/actualites.aspx?id=288 786 787 # From Andrew Paprocki (2013-07-02): 788 # Morocco announced that the year's Ramadan daylight-savings 789 # transitions would be 2013-07-07 and 2013-08-10; see: 790 # http://www.maroc.ma/en/news/morocco-suspends-daylight-saving-time-july-7-aug10 791 792 # From Steffen Thorsen (2013-09-28): 793 # Morocco extends DST by one month, on very short notice, just 1 day 794 # before it was going to end. There is a new decree (2.13.781) for 795 # this, where DST from now on goes from last Sunday of March at 02:00 796 # to last Sunday of October at 03:00, similar to EU rules. Official 797 # source (French): 798 # http://www.maroc.gov.ma/fr/actualites/lhoraire-dete-gmt1-maintenu-jusquau-27-octobre-2013 799 # Another source (specifying the time for start and end in the decree): 800 # http://www.lemag.ma/Heure-d-ete-au-Maroc-jusqu-au-27-octobre_a75620.html 801 802 # From Sebastien Willemijns (2014-03-18): 803 # http://www.afriquinfos.com/articles/2014/3/18/maroc-heure-dete-avancez-tous-horloges-247891.asp 804 805 # From Milamber Space Network (2014-06-05): 806 # The Moroccan government has recently announced that the country will return 807 # to standard time at 03:00 on Saturday, June 28, 2014 local time.... DST 808 # will resume again at 02:00 on Saturday, August 2, 2014.... 809 # http://www.mmsp.gov.ma/fr/actualites.aspx?id=586 810 811 # From Paul Eggert (2014-06-05): 812 # For now, guess that later spring and fall transitions will use 2014's rules, 813 # and guess that Morocco will switch to standard time at 03:00 the last 814 # Saturday before Ramadan, and back to DST at 02:00 the first Saturday after 815 # Ramadan. To implement this, transition dates for 2015 through 2037 were 816 # determined by running the following program under GNU Emacs 24.3, with the 817 # results integrated by hand into the table below. 818 # (let ((islamic-year 1436)) 819 # (while (< islamic-year 1460) 820 # (let ((a (calendar-islamic-to-absolute (list 9 1 islamic-year))) 821 # (b (calendar-islamic-to-absolute (list 10 1 islamic-year))) 822 # (saturday 6)) 823 # (while (/= saturday (mod (setq a (1- a)) 7))) 824 # (while (/= saturday (mod b 7)) 825 # (setq b (1+ b))) 826 # (setq a (calendar-gregorian-from-absolute a)) 827 # (setq b (calendar-gregorian-from-absolute b)) 828 # (insert 829 # (format 830 # (concat "Rule\tMorocco\t%d\tonly\t-\t%s\t%2d\t 3:00\t0\t-\n" 831 # "Rule\tMorocco\t%d\tonly\t-\t%s\t%2d\t 2:00\t1:00\tS\n") 832 # (car (cdr (cdr a))) (calendar-month-name (car a) t) (car (cdr a)) 833 # (car (cdr (cdr b))) (calendar-month-name (car b) t) (car (cdr b))))) 834 # (setq islamic-year (+ 1 islamic-year)))) 835 836 # RULE NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S 837 838 Rule Morocco 1939 only - Sep 12 0:00 1:00 S 839 Rule Morocco 1939 only - Nov 19 0:00 0 - 840 Rule Morocco 1940 only - Feb 25 0:00 1:00 S 841 Rule Morocco 1945 only - Nov 18 0:00 0 - 842 Rule Morocco 1950 only - Jun 11 0:00 1:00 S 843 Rule Morocco 1950 only - Oct 29 0:00 0 - 844 Rule Morocco 1967 only - Jun 3 12:00 1:00 S 845 Rule Morocco 1967 only - Oct 1 0:00 0 - 846 Rule Morocco 1974 only - Jun 24 0:00 1:00 S 847 Rule Morocco 1974 only - Sep 1 0:00 0 - 848 Rule Morocco 1976 1977 - May 1 0:00 1:00 S 849 Rule Morocco 1976 only - Aug 1 0:00 0 - 850 Rule Morocco 1977 only - Sep 28 0:00 0 - 851 Rule Morocco 1978 only - Jun 1 0:00 1:00 S 852 Rule Morocco 1978 only - Aug 4 0:00 0 - 853 Rule Morocco 2008 only - Jun 1 0:00 1:00 S 854 Rule Morocco 2008 only - Sep 1 0:00 0 - 855 Rule Morocco 2009 only - Jun 1 0:00 1:00 S 856 Rule Morocco 2009 only - Aug 21 0:00 0 - 857 Rule Morocco 2010 only - May 2 0:00 1:00 S 858 Rule Morocco 2010 only - Aug 8 0:00 0 - 859 Rule Morocco 2011 only - Apr 3 0:00 1:00 S 860 Rule Morocco 2011 only - Jul 31 0 0 - 861 Rule Morocco 2012 2013 - Apr lastSun 2:00 1:00 S 862 Rule Morocco 2012 only - Sep 30 3:00 0 - 863 Rule Morocco 2012 only - Jul 20 3:00 0 - 864 Rule Morocco 2012 only - Aug 20 2:00 1:00 S 865 Rule Morocco 2013 only - Jul 7 3:00 0 - 866 Rule Morocco 2013 only - Aug 10 2:00 1:00 S 867 Rule Morocco 2013 max - Oct lastSun 3:00 0 - 868 Rule Morocco 2014 2022 - Mar lastSun 2:00 1:00 S 869 Rule Morocco 2014 only - Jun 28 3:00 0 - 870 Rule Morocco 2014 only - Aug 2 2:00 1:00 S 871 Rule Morocco 2015 only - Jun 13 3:00 0 - 872 Rule Morocco 2015 only - Jul 18 2:00 1:00 S 873 Rule Morocco 2016 only - Jun 4 3:00 0 - 874 Rule Morocco 2016 only - Jul 9 2:00 1:00 S 875 Rule Morocco 2017 only - May 20 3:00 0 - 876 Rule Morocco 2017 only - Jul 1 2:00 1:00 S 877 Rule Morocco 2018 only - May 12 3:00 0 - 878 Rule Morocco 2018 only - Jun 16 2:00 1:00 S 879 Rule Morocco 2019 only - May 4 3:00 0 - 880 Rule Morocco 2019 only - Jun 8 2:00 1:00 S 881 Rule Morocco 2020 only - Apr 18 3:00 0 - 882 Rule Morocco 2020 only - May 30 2:00 1:00 S 883 Rule Morocco 2021 only - Apr 10 3:00 0 - 884 Rule Morocco 2021 only - May 15 2:00 1:00 S 885 Rule Morocco 2022 only - Apr 2 3:00 0 - 886 Rule Morocco 2022 only - May 7 2:00 1:00 S 887 Rule Morocco 2023 only - Apr 22 2:00 1:00 S 888 Rule Morocco 2024 only - Apr 13 2:00 1:00 S 889 Rule Morocco 2025 only - Apr 5 2:00 1:00 S 890 Rule Morocco 2026 max - Mar lastSun 2:00 1:00 S 891 Rule Morocco 2035 only - Oct 27 3:00 0 - 892 Rule Morocco 2036 only - Oct 18 3:00 0 - 893 Rule Morocco 2037 only - Oct 10 3:00 0 - 894 895 # Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] 896 Zone Africa/Casablanca -0:30:20 - LMT 1913 Oct 26 897 0:00 Morocco WE%sT 1984 Mar 16 898 1:00 - CET 1986 899 0:00 Morocco WE%sT 900 901 # Western Sahara 902 # 903 # From Gwillim Law (2013-10-22): 904 # A correspondent who is usually well informed about time zone matters 905 # ... says that Western Sahara observes daylight saving time, just as 906 # Morocco does. 907 # 908 # From Paul Eggert (2013-10-23): 909 # Assume that this has been true since Western Sahara switched to GMT, 910 # since most of it was then controlled by Morocco. 911 912 Zone Africa/El_Aaiun -0:52:48 - LMT 1934 Jan # El Aain 913 -1:00 - WAT 1976 Apr 14 914 0:00 Morocco WE%sT 915 916 # Mozambique 917 # 918 # Shanks gives 1903-03-01 for the transition to CAT. 919 # Perhaps the 1911-05-26 Portuguese decree 920 # http://dre.pt/pdf1sdip/1911/05/12500/23132313.pdf 921 # merely made it official? 922 # 923 # Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] 924 Zone Africa/Maputo 2:10:20 - LMT 1903 Mar 925 2:00 - CAT 926 Link Africa/Maputo Africa/Blantyre # Malawi 927 Link Africa/Maputo Africa/Bujumbura # Burundi 928 Link Africa/Maputo Africa/Gaborone # Botswana 929 Link Africa/Maputo Africa/Harare # Zimbabwe 930 Link Africa/Maputo Africa/Kigali # Rwanda 931 Link Africa/Maputo Africa/Lubumbashi # E Dem. Rep. of Congo 932 Link Africa/Maputo Africa/Lusaka # Zambia 933 934 # Namibia 935 # The 1994-04-03 transition is from Shanks & Pottenger. 936 # Shanks & Pottenger report no DST after 1998-04; go with IATA. 937 938 # From Petronella Sibeene (2007-03-30): 939 # http://allafrica.com/stories/200703300178.html 940 # While the entire country changes its time, Katima Mulilo and other 941 # settlements in Caprivi unofficially will not because the sun there 942 # rises and sets earlier compared to other regions. Chief of 943 # Forecasting Riaan van Zyl explained that the far eastern parts of 944 # the country are close to 40 minutes earlier in sunrise than the rest 945 # of the country. 946 # 947 # From Paul Eggert (2007-03-31): 948 # Apparently the Caprivi Strip informally observes Botswana time, but 949 # we have no details. In the meantime people there can use Africa/Gaborone. 950 951 # RULE NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S 952 Rule Namibia 1994 max - Sep Sun>=1 2:00 1:00 S 953 Rule Namibia 1995 max - Apr Sun>=1 2:00 0 - 954 # Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] 955 Zone Africa/Windhoek 1:08:24 - LMT 1892 Feb 8 956 1:30 - SWAT 1903 Mar # SW Africa Time 957 2:00 - SAST 1942 Sep 20 2:00 958 2:00 1:00 SAST 1943 Mar 21 2:00 959 2:00 - SAST 1990 Mar 21 # independence 960 2:00 - CAT 1994 Apr 3 961 1:00 Namibia WA%sT 962 963 # Niger 964 # See Africa/Lagos. 965 966 # Nigeria 967 # Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] 968 Zone Africa/Lagos 0:13:36 - LMT 1919 Sep 969 1:00 - WAT 970 Link Africa/Lagos Africa/Bangui # Central African Republic 971 Link Africa/Lagos Africa/Brazzaville # Rep. of the Congo 972 Link Africa/Lagos Africa/Douala # Cameroon 973 Link Africa/Lagos Africa/Kinshasa # Dem. Rep. of the Congo (west) 974 Link Africa/Lagos Africa/Libreville # Gabon 975 Link Africa/Lagos Africa/Luanda # Angola 976 Link Africa/Lagos Africa/Malabo # Equatorial Guinea 977 Link Africa/Lagos Africa/Niamey # Niger 978 Link Africa/Lagos Africa/Porto-Novo # Benin 979 980 # Runion 981 # Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] 982 Zone Indian/Reunion 3:41:52 - LMT 1911 Jun # Saint-Denis 983 4:00 - RET # Runion Time 984 # 985 # Crozet Islands also observes Runion time; see the 'antarctica' file. 986 # 987 # Scattered Islands (les parses) administered from Runion are as follows. 988 # The following information about them is taken from 989 # les parses (<http://www.outre-mer.gouv.fr/domtom/ile.htm>, 1997-07-22, 990 # in French; no longer available as of 1999-08-17). 991 # We have no info about their time zone histories. 992 # 993 # Bassas da India - uninhabited 994 # Europa Island - inhabited from 1905 to 1910 by two families 995 # Glorioso Is - inhabited until at least 1958 996 # Juan de Nova - uninhabited 997 # Tromelin - inhabited until at least 1958 998 999 # Rwanda 1000 # See Africa/Maputo. 1001 1002 # St Helena 1003 # See Africa/Abidjan. 1004 # The other parts of the St Helena territory are similar: 1005 # Tristan da Cunha: on GMT, say Whitman and the CIA 1006 # Ascension: on GMT, say the USNO (1995-12-21) and the CIA 1007 # Gough (scientific station since 1955; sealers wintered previously): 1008 # on GMT, says the CIA 1009 # Inaccessible, Nightingale: uninhabited 1010 1011 # So Tom and Prncipe 1012 # Senegal 1013 # See Africa/Abidjan. 1014 1015 # Seychelles 1016 # Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] 1017 Zone Indian/Mahe 3:41:48 - LMT 1906 Jun # Victoria 1018 4:00 - SCT # Seychelles Time 1019 # From Paul Eggert (2001-05-30): 1020 # Aldabra, Farquhar, and Desroches, originally dependencies of the 1021 # Seychelles, were transferred to the British Indian Ocean Territory 1022 # in 1965 and returned to Seychelles control in 1976. We don't know 1023 # whether this affected their time zone, so omit this for now. 1024 # Possibly the islands were uninhabited. 1025 1026 # Sierra Leone 1027 # See Africa/Abidjan. 1028 1029 # Somalia 1030 # See Africa/Nairobi. 1031 1032 # South Africa 1033 # Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S 1034 Rule SA 1942 1943 - Sep Sun>=15 2:00 1:00 - 1035 Rule SA 1943 1944 - Mar Sun>=15 2:00 0 - 1036 # Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] 1037 Zone Africa/Johannesburg 1:52:00 - LMT 1892 Feb 8 1038 1:30 - SAST 1903 Mar 1039 2:00 SA SAST 1040 Link Africa/Johannesburg Africa/Maseru # Lesotho 1041 Link Africa/Johannesburg Africa/Mbabane # Swaziland 1042 # 1043 # Marion and Prince Edward Is 1044 # scientific station since 1947 1045 # no information 1046 1047 # Sudan 1048 # 1049 # From <http://www.sunanews.net/sn13jane.html> 1050 # Sudan News Agency (2000-01-13), 1051 # also reported by Michal De Beukelaer-Dossche via Steffen Thorsen: 1052 # Clocks will be moved ahead for 60 minutes all over the Sudan as of noon 1053 # Saturday.... This was announced Thursday by Caretaker State Minister for 1054 # Manpower Abdul-Rahman Nur-Eddin. 1055 # 1056 # Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S 1057 Rule Sudan 1970 only - May 1 0:00 1:00 S 1058 Rule Sudan 1970 1985 - Oct 15 0:00 0 - 1059 Rule Sudan 1971 only - Apr 30 0:00 1:00 S 1060 Rule Sudan 1972 1985 - Apr lastSun 0:00 1:00 S 1061 # Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] 1062 Zone Africa/Khartoum 2:10:08 - LMT 1931 1063 2:00 Sudan CA%sT 2000 Jan 15 12:00 1064 3:00 - EAT 1065 1066 # South Sudan 1067 Link Africa/Khartoum Africa/Juba 1068 1069 # Swaziland 1070 # See Africa/Johannesburg. 1071 1072 # Tanzania 1073 # See Africa/Nairobi. 1074 1075 # Togo 1076 # See Africa/Abidjan. 1077 1078 # Tunisia 1079 1080 # From Gwillim Law (2005-04-30): 1081 # My correspondent, Risto Nyknen, has alerted me to another adoption of DST, 1082 # this time in Tunisia. According to Yahoo France News 1083 # <http://fr.news.yahoo.com/050426/5/4dumk.html>, in a story attributed to AP 1084 # and dated 2005-04-26, "Tunisia has decided to advance its official time by 1085 # one hour, starting on Sunday, May 1. Henceforth, Tunisian time will be 1086 # UTC+2 instead of UTC+1. The change will take place at 23:00 UTC next 1087 # Saturday." (My translation) 1088 # 1089 # From Oscar van Vlijmen (2005-05-02): 1090 # La Presse, the first national daily newspaper ... 1091 # http://www.lapresse.tn/archives/archives280405/actualites/lheure.html 1092 # ... DST for 2005: on: Sun May 1 0h standard time, off: Fri Sept. 30, 1093 # 1h standard time. 1094 # 1095 # From Atef Loukil (2006-03-28): 1096 # The daylight saving time will be the same each year: 1097 # Beginning : the last Sunday of March at 02:00 1098 # Ending : the last Sunday of October at 03:00 ... 1099 # http://www.tap.info.tn/en/index.php?option=com_content&task=view&id=1188&Itemid=50 1100 1101 # From Steffen Thorsen (2009-03-16): 1102 # According to several news sources, Tunisia will not observe DST this year. 1103 # (Arabic) 1104 # http://www.elbashayer.com/?page=viewn&nid=42546 1105 # http://www.babnet.net/kiwidetail-15295.asp 1106 # 1107 # We have also confirmed this with the US embassy in Tunisia. 1108 # We have a wrap-up about this on the following page: 1109 # http://www.timeanddate.com/news/time/tunisia-cancels-dst-2009.html 1110 1111 # From Alexander Krivenyshev (2009-03-17): 1112 # Here is a link to Tunis Afrique Presse News Agency 1113 # 1114 # Standard time to be kept the whole year long (tap.info.tn): 1115 # 1116 # (in English) 1117 # http://www.tap.info.tn/en/index.php?option=com_content&task=view&id=26813&Itemid=157 1118 # 1119 # (in Arabic) 1120 # http://www.tap.info.tn/ar/index.php?option=com_content&task=view&id=61240&Itemid=1 1121 1122 # From Arthur David Olson (2009-03-18): 1123 # The Tunis Afrique Presse News Agency notice contains this: "This measure is 1124 # due to the fact that the fasting month of Ramadan coincides with the period 1125 # concerned by summer time. Therefore, the standard time will be kept 1126 # unchanged the whole year long." So foregoing DST seems to be an exception 1127 # (albeit one that may be repeated in the future). 1128 1129 # From Alexander Krivenyshev (2010-03-27): 1130 # According to some news reports Tunis confirmed not to use DST in 2010 1131 # 1132 # (translation): 1133 # "The Tunisian government has decided to abandon DST, which was scheduled on 1134 # Sunday... 1135 # Tunisian authorities had suspended the DST for the first time last year also 1136 # coincided with the month of Ramadan..." 1137 # 1138 # (in Arabic) 1139 # http://www.moheet.com/show_news.aspx?nid=358861&pg=1 1140 # http://www.almadenahnews.com/newss/news.php?c=118&id=38036 1141 # http://www.worldtimezone.com/dst_news/dst_news_tunis02.html 1142 1143 # Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S 1144 Rule Tunisia 1939 only - Apr 15 23:00s 1:00 S 1145 Rule Tunisia 1939 only - Nov 18 23:00s 0 - 1146 Rule Tunisia 1940 only - Feb 25 23:00s 1:00 S 1147 Rule Tunisia 1941 only - Oct 6 0:00 0 - 1148 Rule Tunisia 1942 only - Mar 9 0:00 1:00 S 1149 Rule Tunisia 1942 only - Nov 2 3:00 0 - 1150 Rule Tunisia 1943 only - Mar 29 2:00 1:00 S 1151 Rule Tunisia 1943 only - Apr 17 2:00 0 - 1152 Rule Tunisia 1943 only - Apr 25 2:00 1:00 S 1153 Rule Tunisia 1943 only - Oct 4 2:00 0 - 1154 Rule Tunisia 1944 1945 - Apr Mon>=1 2:00 1:00 S 1155 Rule Tunisia 1944 only - Oct 8 0:00 0 - 1156 Rule Tunisia 1945 only - Sep 16 0:00 0 - 1157 Rule Tunisia 1977 only - Apr 30 0:00s 1:00 S 1158 Rule Tunisia 1977 only - Sep 24 0:00s 0 - 1159 Rule Tunisia 1978 only - May 1 0:00s 1:00 S 1160 Rule Tunisia 1978 only - Oct 1 0:00s 0 - 1161 Rule Tunisia 1988 only - Jun 1 0:00s 1:00 S 1162 Rule Tunisia 1988 1990 - Sep lastSun 0:00s 0 - 1163 Rule Tunisia 1989 only - Mar 26 0:00s 1:00 S 1164 Rule Tunisia 1990 only - May 1 0:00s 1:00 S 1165 Rule Tunisia 2005 only - May 1 0:00s 1:00 S 1166 Rule Tunisia 2005 only - Sep 30 1:00s 0 - 1167 Rule Tunisia 2006 2008 - Mar lastSun 2:00s 1:00 S 1168 Rule Tunisia 2006 2008 - Oct lastSun 2:00s 0 - 1169 1170 # Shanks & Pottenger give 0:09:20 for Paris Mean Time; go with Howse's 1171 # more precise 0:09:21. 1172 # Shanks & Pottenger say the 1911 switch was on Mar 9; go with Howse's Mar 11. 1173 # Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] 1174 Zone Africa/Tunis 0:40:44 - LMT 1881 May 12 1175 0:09:21 - PMT 1911 Mar 11 # Paris Mean Time 1176 1:00 Tunisia CE%sT 1177 1178 # Uganda 1179 # See Africa/Nairobi. 1180 1181 # Zambia 1182 # Zimbabwe 1183 # See Africa/Maputo. 1184
Indexes created Tue May 05 00:25:04 UTC 2026