africa revision 1.1.1.1.4.5.2.4
1 # tzdb data for Africa and environs 2 3 # This file is in the public domain, so clarified as of 4 # 2009-05-17 by Arthur David Olson. 5 6 # This file is by no means authoritative; if you think you know better, 7 # go ahead and edit the file (and please send any changes to 8 # tz (a] iana.org for general use in the future). For more, please see 9 # the file CONTRIBUTING in the tz distribution. 10 11 # From Paul Eggert (2018-05-27): 12 # 13 # Unless otherwise specified, the source for data through 1990 is: 14 # Thomas G. Shanks and Rique Pottenger, The International Atlas (6th edition), 15 # San Diego: ACS Publications, Inc. (2003). 16 # Unfortunately this book contains many errors and cites no sources. 17 # 18 # Many years ago Gwillim Law wrote that a good source 19 # for time zone data was the International Air Transport 20 # Association's Standard Schedules Information Manual (IATA SSIM), 21 # published semiannually. Law sent in several helpful summaries 22 # of the IATA's data after 1990. Except where otherwise noted, 23 # IATA SSIM is the source for entries after 1990. 24 # 25 # Another source occasionally used is Edward W. Whitman, World Time Differences, 26 # Whitman Publishing Co, 2 Niagara Av, Ealing, London (undated), which 27 # I found in the UCLA library. 28 # 29 # For data circa 1899, a common source is: 30 # Milne J. Civil time. Geogr J. 1899 Feb;13(2):173-94. 31 # https://www.jstor.org/stable/1774359 32 # 33 # A reliable and entertaining source about time zones is 34 # Derek Howse, Greenwich time and longitude, Philip Wilson Publishers (1997). 35 # 36 # European-style abbreviations are commonly used along the Mediterranean. 37 # For sub-Saharan Africa abbreviations were less standardized. 38 # Previous editions of this database used WAT, CAT, SAT, and EAT 39 # for UT +00 through +03, respectively, 40 # but in 1997 Mark R V Murray reported that 41 # 'SAST' is the official abbreviation for +02 in the country of South Africa, 42 # 'CAT' is commonly used for +02 in countries north of South Africa, and 43 # 'WAT' is probably the best name for +01, as the common phrase for 44 # the area that includes Nigeria is "West Africa". 45 # 46 # To summarize, the following abbreviations seemed to have some currency: 47 # +00 GMT Greenwich Mean Time 48 # +02 CAT Central Africa Time 49 # +02 SAST South Africa Standard Time 50 # and Murray suggested the following abbreviation: 51 # +01 WAT West Africa Time 52 # Murray's suggestion seems to have caught on in news reports and the like. 53 # I vaguely recall 'WAT' also being used for -01 in the past but 54 # cannot now come up with solid citations. 55 # 56 # I invented the following abbreviations in the 1990s: 57 # +02 WAST West Africa Summer Time 58 # +03 CAST Central Africa Summer Time 59 # +03 SAST South Africa Summer Time 60 # +03 EAT East Africa Time 61 # 'EAT' seems to have caught on and is in current timestamps, and though 62 # the other abbreviations are rarer and are only in past timestamps, 63 # they are paired with better-attested non-DST abbreviations. 64 # Corrections are welcome. 65 66 # Algeria 67 # Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S 68 Rule Algeria 1916 only - Jun 14 23:00s 1:00 S 69 Rule Algeria 1916 1919 - Oct Sun>=1 23:00s 0 - 70 Rule Algeria 1917 only - Mar 24 23:00s 1:00 S 71 Rule Algeria 1918 only - Mar 9 23:00s 1:00 S 72 Rule Algeria 1919 only - Mar 1 23:00s 1:00 S 73 Rule Algeria 1920 only - Feb 14 23:00s 1:00 S 74 Rule Algeria 1920 only - Oct 23 23:00s 0 - 75 Rule Algeria 1921 only - Mar 14 23:00s 1:00 S 76 Rule Algeria 1921 only - Jun 21 23:00s 0 - 77 Rule Algeria 1939 only - Sep 11 23:00s 1:00 S 78 Rule Algeria 1939 only - Nov 19 1:00 0 - 79 Rule Algeria 1944 1945 - Apr Mon>=1 2:00 1:00 S 80 Rule Algeria 1944 only - Oct 8 2:00 0 - 81 Rule Algeria 1945 only - Sep 16 1:00 0 - 82 Rule Algeria 1971 only - Apr 25 23:00s 1:00 S 83 Rule Algeria 1971 only - Sep 26 23:00s 0 - 84 Rule Algeria 1977 only - May 6 0:00 1:00 S 85 Rule Algeria 1977 only - Oct 21 0:00 0 - 86 Rule Algeria 1978 only - Mar 24 1:00 1:00 S 87 Rule Algeria 1978 only - Sep 22 3:00 0 - 88 Rule Algeria 1980 only - Apr 25 0:00 1:00 S 89 Rule Algeria 1980 only - Oct 31 2:00 0 - 90 # Shanks & Pottenger give 0:09:20 for Paris Mean Time; go with Howse's 91 # more precise 0:09:21. 92 # Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] 93 Zone Africa/Algiers 0:12:12 - LMT 1891 Mar 15 0:01 94 0:09:21 - PMT 1911 Mar 11 # Paris Mean Time 95 0:00 Algeria WE%sT 1940 Feb 25 2:00 96 1:00 Algeria CE%sT 1946 Oct 7 97 0:00 - WET 1956 Jan 29 98 1:00 - CET 1963 Apr 14 99 0:00 Algeria WE%sT 1977 Oct 21 100 1:00 Algeria CE%sT 1979 Oct 26 101 0:00 Algeria WE%sT 1981 May 102 1:00 - CET 103 104 # Angola 105 # Benin 106 # See Africa/Lagos. 107 108 # Botswana 109 # See Africa/Maputo. 110 111 # Burkina Faso 112 # See Africa/Abidjan. 113 114 # Burundi 115 # See Africa/Maputo. 116 117 # Cameroon 118 # See Africa/Lagos. 119 120 # Cape Verde / Cabo Verde 121 # 122 # From Paul Eggert (2018-02-16): 123 # Shanks gives 1907 for the transition to +02. 124 # For now, ignore that and follow the 1911-05-26 Portuguese decree 125 # (see Europe/Lisbon). 126 # 127 # Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] 128 Zone Atlantic/Cape_Verde -1:34:04 - LMT 1912 Jan 01 2:00u # Praia 129 -2:00 - -02 1942 Sep 130 -2:00 1:00 -01 1945 Oct 15 131 -2:00 - -02 1975 Nov 25 2:00 132 -1:00 - -01 133 134 # Central African Republic 135 # See Africa/Lagos. 136 137 # Chad 138 # Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] 139 Zone Africa/Ndjamena 1:00:12 - LMT 1912 # N'Djamena 140 1:00 - WAT 1979 Oct 14 141 1:00 1:00 WAST 1980 Mar 8 142 1:00 - WAT 143 144 # Comoros 145 # See Africa/Nairobi. 146 147 # Democratic Republic of the Congo 148 # See Africa/Lagos for the western part and Africa/Maputo for the eastern. 149 150 # Republic of the Congo 151 # See Africa/Lagos. 152 153 # Cte d'Ivoire / Ivory Coast 154 # Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] 155 Zone Africa/Abidjan -0:16:08 - LMT 1912 156 0:00 - GMT 157 Link Africa/Abidjan Africa/Bamako # Mali 158 Link Africa/Abidjan Africa/Banjul # Gambia 159 Link Africa/Abidjan Africa/Conakry # Guinea 160 Link Africa/Abidjan Africa/Dakar # Senegal 161 Link Africa/Abidjan Africa/Freetown # Sierra Leone 162 Link Africa/Abidjan Africa/Lome # Togo 163 Link Africa/Abidjan Africa/Nouakchott # Mauritania 164 Link Africa/Abidjan Africa/Ouagadougou # Burkina Faso 165 Link Africa/Abidjan Atlantic/St_Helena # St Helena 166 167 # Djibouti 168 # See Africa/Nairobi. 169 170 ############################################################################### 171 172 # Egypt 173 174 # Milne says Cairo used 2:05:08.9, the local mean time of the Abbasizeh 175 # observatory; round to nearest. Milne also says that the official time for 176 # Egypt was mean noon at the Great Pyramid, 2:04:30.5, but apparently this 177 # did not apply to Cairo, Alexandria, or Port Said. 178 179 # Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S 180 Rule Egypt 1940 only - Jul 15 0:00 1:00 S 181 Rule Egypt 1940 only - Oct 1 0:00 0 - 182 Rule Egypt 1941 only - Apr 15 0:00 1:00 S 183 Rule Egypt 1941 only - Sep 16 0:00 0 - 184 Rule Egypt 1942 1944 - Apr 1 0:00 1:00 S 185 Rule Egypt 1942 only - Oct 27 0:00 0 - 186 Rule Egypt 1943 1945 - Nov 1 0:00 0 - 187 Rule Egypt 1945 only - Apr 16 0:00 1:00 S 188 Rule Egypt 1957 only - May 10 0:00 1:00 S 189 Rule Egypt 1957 1958 - Oct 1 0:00 0 - 190 Rule Egypt 1958 only - May 1 0:00 1:00 S 191 Rule Egypt 1959 1981 - May 1 1:00 1:00 S 192 Rule Egypt 1959 1965 - Sep 30 3:00 0 - 193 Rule Egypt 1966 1994 - Oct 1 3:00 0 - 194 Rule Egypt 1982 only - Jul 25 1:00 1:00 S 195 Rule Egypt 1983 only - Jul 12 1:00 1:00 S 196 Rule Egypt 1984 1988 - May 1 1:00 1:00 S 197 Rule Egypt 1989 only - May 6 1:00 1:00 S 198 Rule Egypt 1990 1994 - May 1 1:00 1:00 S 199 # IATA (after 1990) says transitions are at 0:00. 200 # Go with IATA starting in 1995, except correct 1995 entry from 09-30 to 09-29. 201 202 # From Alexander Krivenyshev (2011-04-20): 203 # "...Egypt's interim cabinet decided on Wednesday to cancel daylight 204 # saving time after a poll posted on its website showed the majority of 205 # Egyptians would approve the cancellation." 206 # 207 # Egypt to cancel daylight saving time 208 # http://www.almasryalyoum.com/en/node/407168 209 # or 210 # http://www.worldtimezone.com/dst_news/dst_news_egypt04.html 211 Rule Egypt 1995 2010 - Apr lastFri 0:00s 1:00 S 212 Rule Egypt 1995 2005 - Sep lastThu 24:00 0 - 213 # From Steffen Thorsen (2006-09-19): 214 # The Egyptian Gazette, issue 41,090 (2006-09-18), page 1, reports: 215 # Egypt will turn back clocks by one hour at the midnight of Thursday 216 # after observing the daylight saving time since May. 217 # http://news.gom.com.eg/gazette/pdf/2006/09/18/01.pdf 218 Rule Egypt 2006 only - Sep 21 24:00 0 - 219 # From Dirk Losch (2007-08-14): 220 # I received a mail from an airline which says that the daylight 221 # saving time in Egypt will end in the night of 2007-09-06 to 2007-09-07. 222 # From Jesper Nrgaard Welen (2007-08-15): [The following agree:] 223 # http://www.nentjes.info/Bill/bill5.htm 224 # https://www.timeanddate.com/worldclock/city.html?n=53 225 # From Steffen Thorsen (2007-09-04): The official information...: 226 # http://www.sis.gov.eg/En/EgyptOnline/Miscellaneous/000002/0207000000000000001580.htm 227 Rule Egypt 2007 only - Sep Thu>=1 24:00 0 - 228 # From Abdelrahman Hassan (2007-09-06): 229 # Due to the Hijri (lunar Islamic calendar) year being 11 days shorter 230 # than the year of the Gregorian calendar, Ramadan shifts earlier each 231 # year. This year it will be observed September 13 (September is quite 232 # hot in Egypt), and the idea is to make fasting easier for workers by 233 # shifting business hours one hour out of daytime heat. Consequently, 234 # unless discontinued, next DST may end Thursday 28 August 2008. 235 # From Paul Eggert (2007-08-17): 236 # For lack of better info, assume the new rule is last Thursday in August. 237 238 # From Petr Machata (2009-04-06): 239 # The following appeared in Red Hat bugzilla[1] (edited): 240 # 241 # > $ zdump -v /usr/share/zoneinfo/Africa/Cairo | grep 2009 242 # > /usr/share/zoneinfo/Africa/Cairo Thu Apr 23 21:59:59 2009 UTC = Thu = 243 # Apr 23 244 # > 23:59:59 2009 EET isdst=0 gmtoff=7200 245 # > /usr/share/zoneinfo/Africa/Cairo Thu Apr 23 22:00:00 2009 UTC = Fri = 246 # Apr 24 247 # > 01:00:00 2009 EEST isdst=1 gmtoff=10800 248 # > /usr/share/zoneinfo/Africa/Cairo Thu Aug 27 20:59:59 2009 UTC = Thu = 249 # Aug 27 250 # > 23:59:59 2009 EEST isdst=1 gmtoff=10800 251 # > /usr/share/zoneinfo/Africa/Cairo Thu Aug 27 21:00:00 2009 UTC = Thu = 252 # Aug 27 253 # > 23:00:00 2009 EET isdst=0 gmtoff=7200 254 # 255 # > end date should be Thu Sep 24 2009 (Last Thursday in September at 23:59= 256 # :59) 257 # > http://support.microsoft.com/kb/958729/ 258 # 259 # timeanddate[2] and another site I've found[3] also support that. 260 # 261 # [1] https://bugzilla.redhat.com/show_bug.cgi?id=492263 262 # [2] https://www.timeanddate.com/worldclock/clockchange.html?n=53 263 # [3] https://wwp.greenwichmeantime.com/time-zone/africa/egypt/ 264 265 # From Arthur David Olson (2009-04-20): 266 # In 2009 (and for the next several years), Ramadan ends before the fourth 267 # Thursday in September; Egypt is expected to revert to the last Thursday 268 # in September. 269 270 # From Steffen Thorsen (2009-08-11): 271 # We have been able to confirm the August change with the Egyptian Cabinet 272 # Information and Decision Support Center: 273 # https://www.timeanddate.com/news/time/egypt-dst-ends-2009.html 274 # 275 # The Middle East News Agency 276 # https://www.mena.org.eg/index.aspx 277 # also reports "Egypt starts winter time on August 21" 278 # today in article numbered "71, 11/08/2009 12:25 GMT." 279 # Only the title above is available without a subscription to their service, 280 # and can be found by searching for "winter" in their search engine 281 # (at least today). 282 283 # From Alexander Krivenyshev (2010-07-20): 284 # According to News from Egypt - Al-Masry Al-Youm Egypt's cabinet has 285 # decided that Daylight Saving Time will not be used in Egypt during 286 # Ramadan. 287 # 288 # Arabic translation: 289 # "Clocks to go back during Ramadan - and then forward again" 290 # http://www.almasryalyoum.com/en/news/clocks-go-back-during-ramadan-and-then-forward-again 291 # http://www.worldtimezone.com/dst_news/dst_news_egypt02.html 292 293 # From Ahmad El-Dardiry (2014-05-07): 294 # Egypt is to change back to Daylight system on May 15 295 # http://english.ahram.org.eg/NewsContent/1/64/100735/Egypt/Politics-/Egypts-government-to-reapply-daylight-saving-time-.aspx 296 297 # From Gunther Vermier (2014-05-13): 298 # our Egypt office confirms that the change will be at 15 May "midnight" (24:00) 299 300 # From Imed Chihi (2014-06-04): 301 # We have finally "located" a precise official reference about the DST changes 302 # in Egypt. The Ministers Cabinet decision is explained at 303 # http://www.cabinet.gov.eg/Media/CabinetMeetingsDetails.aspx?id=347 ... 304 # [T]his (Arabic) site is not accessible outside Egypt, but the page ... 305 # translates into: "With regard to daylight saving time, it is scheduled to 306 # take effect at exactly twelve o'clock this evening, Thursday, 15 MAY 2014, 307 # to be suspended by twelve o'clock on the evening of Thursday, 26 JUN 2014, 308 # and re-established again at the end of the month of Ramadan, at twelve 309 # o'clock on the evening of Thursday, 31 JUL 2014." This statement has been 310 # reproduced by other (more accessible) sites[, e.g.,]... 311 # http://elgornal.net/news/news.aspx?id=4699258 312 313 # From Paul Eggert (2014-06-04): 314 # Sarah El Deeb and Lee Keath of AP report that the Egyptian government says 315 # the change is because of blackouts in Cairo, even though Ahram Online (cited 316 # above) says DST had no affect on electricity consumption. There is 317 # no information about when DST will end this fall. See: 318 # http://abcnews.go.com/International/wireStory/el-sissi-pushes-egyptians-line-23614833 319 320 # From Steffen Thorsen (2015-04-08): 321 # Egypt will start DST on midnight after Thursday, April 30, 2015. 322 # This is based on a law (no 35) from May 15, 2014 saying it starts the last 323 # Thursday of April.... Clocks will still be turned back for Ramadan, but 324 # dates not yet announced.... 325 # http://almogaz.com/news/weird-news/2015/04/05/1947105 ... 326 # https://www.timeanddate.com/news/time/egypt-starts-dst-2015.html 327 328 # From Ahmed Nazmy (2015-04-20): 329 # Egypt's ministers cabinet just announced ... that it will cancel DST at 330 # least for 2015. 331 # 332 # From Tim Parenti (2015-04-20): 333 # http://english.ahram.org.eg/WriterArticles/NewsContentP/1/128195/Egypt/No-daylight-saving-this-summer-Egypts-prime-minist.aspx 334 # "Egypt's cabinet agreed on Monday not to switch clocks for daylight saving 335 # time this summer, and carry out studies on the possibility of canceling the 336 # practice altogether in future years." 337 # 338 # From Paul Eggert (2015-04-24): 339 # Yesterday the office of Egyptian President El-Sisi announced his 340 # decision to abandon DST permanently. See Ahram Online 2015-04-24. 341 # http://english.ahram.org.eg/NewsContent/1/64/128509/Egypt/Politics-/Sisi-cancels-daylight-saving-time-in-Egypt.aspx 342 343 # From Steffen Thorsen (2016-04-29): 344 # Egypt will have DST from July 7 until the end of October.... 345 # http://english.ahram.org.eg/NewsContentP/1/204655/Egypt/Daylight-savings-time-returning-to-Egypt-on--July.aspx 346 # From Mina Samuel (2016-07-04): 347 # Egyptian government took the decision to cancel the DST, 348 349 Rule Egypt 2008 only - Aug lastThu 24:00 0 - 350 Rule Egypt 2009 only - Aug 20 24:00 0 - 351 Rule Egypt 2010 only - Aug 10 24:00 0 - 352 Rule Egypt 2010 only - Sep 9 24:00 1:00 S 353 Rule Egypt 2010 only - Sep lastThu 24:00 0 - 354 Rule Egypt 2014 only - May 15 24:00 1:00 S 355 Rule Egypt 2014 only - Jun 26 24:00 0 - 356 Rule Egypt 2014 only - Jul 31 24:00 1:00 S 357 Rule Egypt 2014 only - Sep lastThu 24:00 0 - 358 359 # Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] 360 Zone Africa/Cairo 2:05:09 - LMT 1900 Oct 361 2:00 Egypt EE%sT 362 363 # Equatorial Guinea 364 # See Africa/Lagos. 365 366 # Eritrea 367 # Ethiopia 368 # See Africa/Nairobi. 369 # 370 # Unfortunately tzdb records only Western clock time in use in Ethiopia, 371 # as the tzdb format is not up to properly recording a common Ethiopian 372 # timekeeping practice that is based on solar time. See: 373 # Mortada D. If you have a meeting in Ethiopia, you'd better double 374 # check the time. PRI's The World. 2015-01-30 15:15 -05. 375 # https://www.pri.org/stories/2015-01-30/if-you-have-meeting-ethiopia-you-better-double-check-time 376 377 # Gabon 378 # See Africa/Lagos. 379 380 # Gambia 381 # See Africa/Abidjan. 382 383 # Ghana 384 385 # From Paul Eggert (2018-01-30): 386 # Whitman says DST was observed from 1931 to "the present"; 387 # Shanks & Pottenger say 1936 to 1942 with 20 minutes of DST, 388 # with transitions on 09-01 and 12-31 at 00:00. 389 # Page 33 of Parish GCB, Colonial Reports - Annual. No. 1066. Gold 390 # Coast. Report for 1919. (March 1921), OCLC 784024077 391 # http://libsysdigi.library.illinois.edu/ilharvest/africana/books2011-05/5530214/5530214_1919/5530214_1919_opt.pdf 392 # lists the Determination of the Time Ordinance, 1919, No. 18, 393 # "to advance the time observed locally by the space of twenty minutes 394 # during the last four months of each year; the object in view being 395 # to extend during those months the period of daylight-time available 396 # for evening recreation after office hours." 397 # Vanessa Ogle, The Global Transformation of Time, 1870-1950 (2015), p 33, 398 # writes "In 1919, the Gold Coast (Ghana as of 1957) made Greenwich 399 # time its legal time and simultaneously legalized a summer time of 400 # UTC - 00:20 minutes from March to October."; a footnote lists 401 # the ordinance as being dated 1919-11-24. 402 # The Crown Colonist, Volume 12 (1942), p 176, says "the Government 403 # intend advancing Gold Coast time half an hour ahead of G.M.T. 404 # The actual date of the alteration has not yet been announced." 405 # These sources are incomplete and contradictory. Possibly what is 406 # now Ghana observed different DST regimes in different years. For 407 # lack of better info, use Shanks except treat the minus sign as a 408 # typo, and assume DST started in 1920 not 1936. 409 # Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S 410 Rule Ghana 1920 1942 - Sep 1 0:00 0:20 - 411 Rule Ghana 1920 1942 - Dec 31 0:00 0 - 412 # Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] 413 Zone Africa/Accra -0:00:52 - LMT 1918 414 0:00 Ghana GMT/+0020 415 416 # Guinea 417 # See Africa/Abidjan. 418 419 # Guinea-Bissau 420 # 421 # From Paul Eggert (2018-02-16): 422 # Shanks gives 1911-05-26 for the transition to WAT, 423 # evidently confusing the date of the Portuguese decree 424 # (see Europe/Lisbon) with the date that it took effect. 425 # 426 # Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] 427 Zone Africa/Bissau -1:02:20 - LMT 1912 Jan 1 1:00u 428 -1:00 - -01 1975 429 0:00 - GMT 430 431 # Kenya 432 # Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] 433 Zone Africa/Nairobi 2:27:16 - LMT 1928 Jul 434 3:00 - EAT 1930 435 2:30 - +0230 1940 436 2:45 - +0245 1960 437 3:00 - EAT 438 Link Africa/Nairobi Africa/Addis_Ababa # Ethiopia 439 Link Africa/Nairobi Africa/Asmara # Eritrea 440 Link Africa/Nairobi Africa/Dar_es_Salaam # Tanzania 441 Link Africa/Nairobi Africa/Djibouti 442 Link Africa/Nairobi Africa/Kampala # Uganda 443 Link Africa/Nairobi Africa/Mogadishu # Somalia 444 Link Africa/Nairobi Indian/Antananarivo # Madagascar 445 Link Africa/Nairobi Indian/Comoro 446 Link Africa/Nairobi Indian/Mayotte 447 448 # Lesotho 449 # See Africa/Johannesburg. 450 451 # Liberia 452 # 453 # From Paul Eggert (2017-03-02): 454 # 455 # The Nautical Almanac for the Year 1970, p 264, is the source for -0:44:30. 456 # 457 # In 1972 Liberia was the last country to switch from a UT offset 458 # that was not a multiple of 15 or 20 minutes. The 1972 change was on 459 # 1972-01-07, according to an entry dated 1972-01-04 on p 330 of: 460 # Presidential Papers: First year of the administration of 461 # President William R. Tolbert, Jr., July 23, 1971-July 31, 1972. 462 # Monrovia: Executive Mansion. 463 # 464 # Use the abbreviation "MMT" before 1972, as the more-accurate numeric 465 # abbreviation "-004430" would be one byte over the POSIX limit. 466 # 467 # Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] 468 Zone Africa/Monrovia -0:43:08 - LMT 1882 469 -0:43:08 - MMT 1919 Mar # Monrovia Mean Time 470 -0:44:30 - MMT 1972 Jan 7 # approximately MMT 471 0:00 - GMT 472 473 ############################################################################### 474 475 # Libya 476 477 # From Even Scharning (2012-11-10): 478 # Libya set their time one hour back at 02:00 on Saturday November 10. 479 # https://www.libyaherald.com/2012/11/04/clocks-to-go-back-an-hour-on-saturday/ 480 # Here is an official source [in Arabic]: http://ls.ly/fb6Yc 481 # 482 # Steffen Thorsen forwarded a translation (2012-11-10) in 483 # https://mm.icann.org/pipermail/tz/2012-November/018451.html 484 # 485 # From Tim Parenti (2012-11-11): 486 # Treat the 2012-11-10 change as a zone change from UTC+2 to UTC+1. 487 # The DST rules planned for 2013 and onward roughly mirror those of Europe 488 # (either two days before them or five days after them, so as to fall on 489 # lastFri instead of lastSun). 490 491 # From Even Scharning (2013-10-25): 492 # The scheduled end of DST in Libya on Friday, October 25, 2013 was 493 # cancelled yesterday.... 494 # https://www.libyaherald.com/2013/10/24/correction-no-time-change-tomorrow/ 495 # 496 # From Paul Eggert (2013-10-25): 497 # For now, assume they're reverting to the pre-2012 rules of permanent UT +02. 498 499 # Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S 500 Rule Libya 1951 only - Oct 14 2:00 1:00 S 501 Rule Libya 1952 only - Jan 1 0:00 0 - 502 Rule Libya 1953 only - Oct 9 2:00 1:00 S 503 Rule Libya 1954 only - Jan 1 0:00 0 - 504 Rule Libya 1955 only - Sep 30 0:00 1:00 S 505 Rule Libya 1956 only - Jan 1 0:00 0 - 506 Rule Libya 1982 1984 - Apr 1 0:00 1:00 S 507 Rule Libya 1982 1985 - Oct 1 0:00 0 - 508 Rule Libya 1985 only - Apr 6 0:00 1:00 S 509 Rule Libya 1986 only - Apr 4 0:00 1:00 S 510 Rule Libya 1986 only - Oct 3 0:00 0 - 511 Rule Libya 1987 1989 - Apr 1 0:00 1:00 S 512 Rule Libya 1987 1989 - Oct 1 0:00 0 - 513 Rule Libya 1997 only - Apr 4 0:00 1:00 S 514 Rule Libya 1997 only - Oct 4 0:00 0 - 515 Rule Libya 2013 only - Mar lastFri 1:00 1:00 S 516 Rule Libya 2013 only - Oct lastFri 2:00 0 - 517 # Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] 518 Zone Africa/Tripoli 0:52:44 - LMT 1920 519 1:00 Libya CE%sT 1959 520 2:00 - EET 1982 521 1:00 Libya CE%sT 1990 May 4 522 # The 1996 and 1997 entries are from Shanks & Pottenger; 523 # the IATA SSIM data entries contain some obvious errors. 524 2:00 - EET 1996 Sep 30 525 1:00 Libya CE%sT 1997 Oct 4 526 2:00 - EET 2012 Nov 10 2:00 527 1:00 Libya CE%sT 2013 Oct 25 2:00 528 2:00 - EET 529 530 # Madagascar 531 # See Africa/Nairobi. 532 533 # Malawi 534 # See Africa/Maputo. 535 536 # Mali 537 # Mauritania 538 # See Africa/Abidjan. 539 540 # Mauritius 541 542 # From Steffen Thorsen (2008-06-25): 543 # Mauritius plans to observe DST from 2008-11-01 to 2009-03-31 on a trial 544 # basis.... 545 # It seems that Mauritius observed daylight saving time from 1982-10-10 to 546 # 1983-03-20 as well, but that was not successful.... 547 # https://www.timeanddate.com/news/time/mauritius-daylight-saving-time.html 548 549 # From Alex Krivenyshev (2008-06-25): 550 # http://economicdevelopment.gov.mu/portal/site/Mainhomepage/menuitem.a42b24128104d9845dabddd154508a0c/?content_id=0a7cee8b5d69a110VgnVCM1000000a04a8c0RCRD 551 552 # From Arthur David Olson (2008-06-30): 553 # The www.timeanddate.com article cited by Steffen Thorsen notes that "A 554 # final decision has yet to be made on the times that daylight saving 555 # would begin and end on these dates." As a place holder, use midnight. 556 557 # From Paul Eggert (2008-06-30): 558 # Follow Thorsen on DST in 1982/1983, instead of Shanks & Pottenger. 559 560 # From Steffen Thorsen (2008-07-10): 561 # According to 562 # http://www.lexpress.mu/display_article.php?news_id=111216 563 # (in French), Mauritius will start and end their DST a few days earlier 564 # than previously announced (2008-11-01 to 2009-03-31). The new start 565 # date is 2008-10-26 at 02:00 and the new end date is 2009-03-27 (no time 566 # given, but it is probably at either 2 or 3 wall clock time). 567 # 568 # A little strange though, since the article says that they moved the date 569 # to align itself with Europe and USA which also change time on that date, 570 # but that means they have not paid attention to what happened in 571 # USA/Canada last year (DST ends first Sunday in November). I also wonder 572 # why that they end on a Friday, instead of aligning with Europe which 573 # changes two days later. 574 575 # From Alex Krivenyshev (2008-07-11): 576 # Seems that English language article "The revival of daylight saving 577 # time: Energy conservation?"- No. 16578 (07/11/2008) was originally 578 # published on Monday, June 30, 2008... 579 # 580 # I guess that article in French "Le gouvernement avance l'introduction 581 # de l'heure d't" stating that DST in Mauritius starting on October 26 582 # and ending on March 27, 2009 is the most recent one.... 583 # http://www.worldtimezone.com/dst_news/dst_news_mauritius02.html 584 585 # From Riad M. Hossen Ally (2008-08-03): 586 # The Government of Mauritius weblink 587 # http://www.gov.mu/portal/site/pmosite/menuitem.4ca0efdee47462e7440a600248a521ca/?content_id=4728ca68b2a5b110VgnVCM1000000a04a8c0RCRD 588 # Cabinet Decision of July 18th, 2008 states as follows: 589 # 590 # 4. ...Cabinet has agreed to the introduction into the National Assembly 591 # of the Time Bill which provides for the introduction of summer time in 592 # Mauritius. The summer time period which will be of one hour ahead of 593 # the standard time, will be aligned with that in Europe and the United 594 # States of America. It will start at two o'clock in the morning on the 595 # last Sunday of October and will end at two o'clock in the morning on 596 # the last Sunday of March the following year. The summer time for the 597 # year 2008-2009 will, therefore, be effective as from 26 October 2008 598 # and end on 29 March 2009. 599 600 # From Ed Maste (2008-10-07): 601 # THE TIME BILL (No. XXVII of 2008) Explanatory Memorandum states the 602 # beginning / ending of summer time is 2 o'clock standard time in the 603 # morning of the last Sunday of October / last Sunday of March. 604 # http://www.gov.mu/portal/goc/assemblysite/file/bill2708.pdf 605 606 # From Steffen Thorsen (2009-06-05): 607 # According to several sources, Mauritius will not continue to observe 608 # DST the coming summer... 609 # 610 # Some sources, in French: 611 # http://www.defimedia.info/news/946/Rashid-Beebeejaun-:-%C2%AB-L%E2%80%99heure-d%E2%80%99%C3%A9t%C3%A9-ne-sera-pas-appliqu%C3%A9e-cette-ann%C3%A9e-%C2%BB 612 # http://lexpress.mu/Story/3398~Beebeejaun---Les-objectifs-d-%C3%A9conomie-d-%C3%A9nergie-de-l-heure-d-%C3%A9t%C3%A9-ont-%C3%A9t%C3%A9-atteints- 613 # 614 # Our wrap-up: 615 # https://www.timeanddate.com/news/time/mauritius-dst-will-not-repeat.html 616 617 # From Arthur David Olson (2009-07-11): 618 # The "mauritius-dst-will-not-repeat" wrapup includes this: 619 # "The trial ended on March 29, 2009, when the clocks moved back by one hour 620 # at 2am (or 02:00) local time..." 621 622 # Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S 623 Rule Mauritius 1982 only - Oct 10 0:00 1:00 - 624 Rule Mauritius 1983 only - Mar 21 0:00 0 - 625 Rule Mauritius 2008 only - Oct lastSun 2:00 1:00 - 626 Rule Mauritius 2009 only - Mar lastSun 2:00 0 - 627 # Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] 628 Zone Indian/Mauritius 3:50:00 - LMT 1907 # Port Louis 629 4:00 Mauritius +04/+05 630 # Agalega Is, Rodriguez 631 # no information; probably like Indian/Mauritius 632 633 # Mayotte 634 # See Africa/Nairobi. 635 636 # Morocco 637 # See the 'europe' file for Spanish Morocco (Africa/Ceuta). 638 639 # From Alex Krivenyshev (2008-05-09): 640 # Here is an article that Morocco plan to introduce Daylight Saving Time between 641 # 1 June, 2008 and 27 September, 2008. 642 # 643 # "... Morocco is to save energy by adjusting its clock during summer so it will 644 # be one hour ahead of GMT between 1 June and 27 September, according to 645 # Communication Minister and Government Spokesman, Khalid Naciri...." 646 # 647 # http://www.worldtimezone.com/dst_news/dst_news_morocco01.html 648 # http://en.afrik.com/news11892.html 649 650 # From Alex Krivenyshev (2008-05-09): 651 # The Morocco time change can be confirmed on Morocco web site Maghreb Arabe 652 # Presse: 653 # http://www.map.ma/eng/sections/box3/morocco_shifts_to_da/view 654 # 655 # Morocco shifts to daylight time on June 1st through September 27, Govt. 656 # spokesman. 657 658 # From Patrice Scattolin (2008-05-09): 659 # According to this article: 660 # https://www.avmaroc.com/actualite/heure-dete-comment-a127896.html 661 # (and republished here: <http://www.actu.ma/heure-dete-comment_i127896_0.html>) 662 # the changes occur at midnight: 663 # 664 # Saturday night May 31st at midnight (which in French is to be 665 # interpreted as the night between Saturday and Sunday) 666 # Sunday night the 28th at midnight 667 # 668 # Seeing that the 28th is Monday, I am guessing that she intends to say 669 # the midnight of the 28th which is the midnight between Sunday and 670 # Monday, which jives with other sources that say that it's inclusive 671 # June 1st to Sept 27th. 672 # 673 # The decision was taken by decree *2-08-224 *but I can't find the decree 674 # published on the web. 675 # 676 # It's also confirmed here: 677 # http://www.maroc.ma/NR/exeres/FACF141F-D910-44B0-B7FA-6E03733425D1.htm 678 # on a government portal as being between June 1st and Sept 27th (not yet 679 # posted in English). 680 # 681 # The following Google query will generate many relevant hits: 682 # https://www.google.com/search?hl=en&q=Conseil+de+gouvernement+maroc+heure+avance&btnG=Search 683 684 # From Steffen Thorsen (2008-08-27): 685 # Morocco will change the clocks back on the midnight between August 31 686 # and September 1. They originally planned to observe DST to near the end 687 # of September: 688 # 689 # One article about it (in French): 690 # http://www.menara.ma/fr/Actualites/Maroc/Societe/ci.retour_a_l_heure_gmt_a_partir_du_dimanche_31_aout_a_minuit_officiel_.default 691 # 692 # We have some further details posted here: 693 # https://www.timeanddate.com/news/time/morocco-ends-dst-early-2008.html 694 695 # From Steffen Thorsen (2009-03-17): 696 # Morocco will observe DST from 2009-06-01 00:00 to 2009-08-21 00:00 according 697 # to many sources, such as 698 # http://news.marweb.com/morocco/entertainment/morocco-daylight-saving.html 699 # http://www.medi1sat.ma/fr/depeche.aspx?idp=2312 700 # (French) 701 # 702 # Our summary: 703 # https://www.timeanddate.com/news/time/morocco-starts-dst-2009.html 704 705 # From Alexander Krivenyshev (2009-03-17): 706 # Here is a link to official document from Royaume du Maroc Premier Ministre, 707 # Ministre de la Modernisation des Secteurs Publics 708 # 709 # Under Article 1 of Royal Decree No. 455-67 of Act 23 safar 1387 (2 June 1967) 710 # concerning the amendment of the legal time, the Ministry of Modernization of 711 # Public Sectors announced that the official time in the Kingdom will be 712 # advanced 60 minutes from Sunday 31 May 2009 at midnight. 713 # 714 # http://www.mmsp.gov.ma/francais/Actualites_fr/PDF_Actualites_Fr/HeureEte_FR.pdf 715 # http://www.worldtimezone.com/dst_news/dst_news_morocco03.html 716 717 # From Steffen Thorsen (2010-04-13): 718 # Several news media in Morocco report that the Ministry of Modernization 719 # of Public Sectors has announced that Morocco will have DST from 720 # 2010-05-02 to 2010-08-08. 721 # 722 # Example: 723 # http://www.lavieeco.com/actualites/4099-le-maroc-passera-a-l-heure-d-ete-gmt1-le-2-mai.html 724 # (French) 725 # Our page: 726 # https://www.timeanddate.com/news/time/morocco-starts-dst-2010.html 727 728 # From Dan Abitol (2011-03-30): 729 # ...Rules for Africa/Casablanca are the following (24h format) 730 # The 3rd April 2011 at 00:00:00, [it] will be 3rd April 01:00:00 731 # The 31st July 2011 at 00:59:59, [it] will be 31st July 00:00:00 732 # ...Official links of change in morocco 733 # The change was broadcast on the FM Radio 734 # I ve called ANRT (telecom regulations in Morocco) at 735 # +212.537.71.84.00 736 # http://www.anrt.net.ma/fr/ 737 # They said that 738 # http://www.map.ma/fr/sections/accueil/l_heure_legale_au_ma/view 739 # is the official publication to look at. 740 # They said that the decision was already taken. 741 # 742 # More articles in the press 743 # https://www.yabiladi.com/articles/details/5058/secret-l-heure-d-ete-maroc-leve.html 744 # http://www.lematin.ma/Actualite/Express/Article.asp?id=148923 745 # http://www.lavieeco.com/actualite/Le-Maroc-passe-sur-GMT%2B1-a-partir-de-dim 746 747 # From Petr Machata (2011-03-30): 748 # They have it written in English here: 749 # http://www.map.ma/eng/sections/home/morocco_to_spring_fo/view 750 # 751 # It says there that "Morocco will resume its standard time on July 31, 752 # 2011 at midnight." Now they don't say whether they mean midnight of 753 # wall clock time (i.e. 11pm UTC), but that's what I would assume. It has 754 # also been like that in the past. 755 756 # From Alexander Krivenyshev (2012-03-09): 757 # According to Infomdiaire web site from Morocco (infomediaire.ma), 758 # on March 9, 2012, (in French) Heure lgale: 759 # Le Maroc adopte officiellement l'heure d't 760 # http://www.infomediaire.ma/news/maroc/heure-l%C3%A9gale-le-maroc-adopte-officiellement-lheure-d%C3%A9t%C3%A9 761 # Governing Council adopted draft decree, that Morocco DST starts on 762 # the last Sunday of March (March 25, 2012) and ends on 763 # last Sunday of September (September 30, 2012) 764 # except the month of Ramadan. 765 # or (brief) 766 # http://www.worldtimezone.com/dst_news/dst_news_morocco06.html 767 768 # From Arthur David Olson (2012-03-10): 769 # The infomediaire.ma source indicates that the system is to be in 770 # effect every year. It gives 03H00 as the "fall back" time of day; 771 # it lacks a "spring forward" time of day; assume 2:00 XXX. 772 # Wait on specifying the Ramadan exception for details about 773 # start date, start time of day, end date, and end time of day XXX. 774 775 # From Christophe Tropamer (2012-03-16): 776 # Seen Morocco change again: 777 # http://www.le2uminutes.com/actualite.php 778 # "... partir du dernier dimanche d'avril et non fins mars, 779 # comme annonc prcdemment." 780 781 # From Milamber Space Network (2012-07-17): 782 # The official return to GMT is announced by the Moroccan government: 783 # http://www.mmsp.gov.ma/fr/actualites.aspx?id=288 [in French] 784 # 785 # Google translation, lightly edited: 786 # Back to the standard time of the Kingdom (GMT) 787 # Pursuant to Decree No. 2-12-126 issued on 26 Jumada (I) 1433 (April 18, 788 # 2012) and in accordance with the order of Mr. President of the 789 # Government No. 3-47-12 issued on 24 Sha'ban (11 July 2012), the Ministry 790 # of Public Service and Administration Modernization announces the return 791 # of the legal time of the Kingdom (GMT) from Friday, July 20, 2012 until 792 # Monday, August 20, 2012. So the time will be delayed by 60 minutes from 793 # 3:00 am Friday, July 20, 2012 and will again be advanced by 60 minutes 794 # August 20, 2012 from 2:00 am. 795 796 # From Paul Eggert (2013-03-06): 797 # Morocco's daylight-saving transitions due to Ramadan seem to be 798 # announced a bit in advance. On 2012-07-11 the Moroccan government 799 # announced that year's Ramadan daylight-saving transitions would be 800 # 2012-07-20 and 2012-08-20; see 801 # http://www.mmsp.gov.ma/fr/actualites.aspx?id=288 802 803 # From Andrew Paprocki (2013-07-02): 804 # Morocco announced that the year's Ramadan daylight-savings 805 # transitions would be 2013-07-07 and 2013-08-10; see: 806 # http://www.maroc.ma/en/news/morocco-suspends-daylight-saving-time-july-7-aug10 807 808 # From Steffen Thorsen (2013-09-28): 809 # Morocco extends DST by one month, on very short notice, just 1 day 810 # before it was going to end. There is a new decree (2.13.781) for 811 # this, where DST from now on goes from last Sunday of March at 02:00 812 # to last Sunday of October at 03:00, similar to EU rules. Official 813 # source (French): 814 # http://www.maroc.gov.ma/fr/actualites/lhoraire-dete-gmt1-maintenu-jusquau-27-octobre-2013 815 # Another source (specifying the time for start and end in the decree): 816 # http://www.lemag.ma/Heure-d-ete-au-Maroc-jusqu-au-27-octobre_a75620.html 817 818 # From Sebastien Willemijns (2014-03-18): 819 # http://www.afriquinfos.com/articles/2014/3/18/maroc-heure-dete-avancez-tous-horloges-247891.asp 820 821 # From Milamber Space Network (2014-06-05): 822 # The Moroccan government has recently announced that the country will return 823 # to standard time at 03:00 on Saturday, June 28, 2014 local time.... DST 824 # will resume again at 02:00 on Saturday, August 2, 2014.... 825 # http://www.mmsp.gov.ma/fr/actualites.aspx?id=586 826 827 # From Milamber (2015-06-08): 828 # (Google Translation) The hour will thus be delayed 60 minutes 829 # Sunday, June 14 at 3:00, the ministry said in a statement, adding 830 # that the time will be advanced again 60 minutes Sunday, July 19, 831 # 2015 at 2:00. The move comes under 2.12.126 Decree of 26 Jumada I 832 # 1433 (18 April 2012) and the decision of the Head of Government of 833 # 16 N. 3-29-15 Chaaban 1435 (4 June 2015). 834 # Source (french): 835 # https://lnt.ma/le-maroc-reculera-dune-heure-le-dimanche-14-juin/ 836 # 837 # From Milamber (2015-06-09): 838 # http://www.mmsp.gov.ma/fr/actualites.aspx?id=863 839 # 840 # From Michael Deckers (2015-06-09): 841 # [The gov.ma announcement] would (probably) make the switch on 2015-07-19 go 842 # from 03:00 to 04:00 rather than from 02:00 to 03:00, as in the patch.... 843 # I think the patch is correct and the quoted text is wrong; the text in 844 # <https://lnt.ma/le-maroc-reculera-dune-heure-le-dimanche-14-juin/> agrees 845 # with the patch. 846 847 # From Mohamed Essedik Najd (2018-10-26): 848 # Today, a Moroccan government council approved the perpetual addition 849 # of 60 minutes to the regular Moroccan timezone. 850 # From Brian Inglis (2018-10-26): 851 # http://www.maroc.ma/fr/actualites/le-conseil-de-gouvernement-adopte-un-projet-de-decret-relatif-lheure-legale-stipulant-le 852 853 # RULE NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S 854 Rule Morocco 1939 only - Sep 12 0:00 1:00 - 855 Rule Morocco 1939 only - Nov 19 0:00 0 - 856 Rule Morocco 1940 only - Feb 25 0:00 1:00 - 857 Rule Morocco 1945 only - Nov 18 0:00 0 - 858 Rule Morocco 1950 only - Jun 11 0:00 1:00 - 859 Rule Morocco 1950 only - Oct 29 0:00 0 - 860 Rule Morocco 1967 only - Jun 3 12:00 1:00 - 861 Rule Morocco 1967 only - Oct 1 0:00 0 - 862 Rule Morocco 1974 only - Jun 24 0:00 1:00 - 863 Rule Morocco 1974 only - Sep 1 0:00 0 - 864 Rule Morocco 1976 1977 - May 1 0:00 1:00 - 865 Rule Morocco 1976 only - Aug 1 0:00 0 - 866 Rule Morocco 1977 only - Sep 28 0:00 0 - 867 Rule Morocco 1978 only - Jun 1 0:00 1:00 - 868 Rule Morocco 1978 only - Aug 4 0:00 0 - 869 Rule Morocco 2008 only - Jun 1 0:00 1:00 - 870 Rule Morocco 2008 only - Sep 1 0:00 0 - 871 Rule Morocco 2009 only - Jun 1 0:00 1:00 - 872 Rule Morocco 2009 only - Aug 21 0:00 0 - 873 Rule Morocco 2010 only - May 2 0:00 1:00 - 874 Rule Morocco 2010 only - Aug 8 0:00 0 - 875 Rule Morocco 2011 only - Apr 3 0:00 1:00 - 876 Rule Morocco 2011 only - Jul 31 0:00 0 - 877 Rule Morocco 2012 2013 - Apr lastSun 2:00 1:00 - 878 Rule Morocco 2012 only - Jul 20 3:00 0 - 879 Rule Morocco 2012 only - Aug 20 2:00 1:00 - 880 Rule Morocco 2012 only - Sep 30 3:00 0 - 881 Rule Morocco 2013 only - Jul 7 3:00 0 - 882 Rule Morocco 2013 only - Aug 10 2:00 1:00 - 883 Rule Morocco 2013 2018 - Oct lastSun 3:00 0 - 884 Rule Morocco 2014 2018 - Mar lastSun 2:00 1:00 - 885 Rule Morocco 2014 only - Jun 28 3:00 0 - 886 Rule Morocco 2014 only - Aug 2 2:00 1:00 - 887 Rule Morocco 2015 only - Jun 14 3:00 0 - 888 Rule Morocco 2015 only - Jul 19 2:00 1:00 - 889 Rule Morocco 2016 only - Jun 5 3:00 0 - 890 Rule Morocco 2016 only - Jul 10 2:00 1:00 - 891 Rule Morocco 2017 only - May 21 3:00 0 - 892 Rule Morocco 2017 only - Jul 2 2:00 1:00 - 893 Rule Morocco 2018 only - May 13 3:00 0 - 894 Rule Morocco 2018 only - Jun 17 2:00 1:00 - 895 896 # Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] 897 Zone Africa/Casablanca -0:30:20 - LMT 1913 Oct 26 898 0:00 Morocco +00/+01 1984 Mar 16 899 1:00 - +01 1986 900 0:00 Morocco +00/+01 2018 Oct 27 901 1:00 - +01 902 903 # Western Sahara 904 # 905 # From Gwillim Law (2013-10-22): 906 # A correspondent who is usually well informed about time zone matters 907 # ... says that Western Sahara observes daylight saving time, just as 908 # Morocco does. 909 # 910 # From Paul Eggert (2013-10-23): 911 # Assume that this has been true since Western Sahara switched to GMT, 912 # since most of it was then controlled by Morocco. 913 914 Zone Africa/El_Aaiun -0:52:48 - LMT 1934 Jan # El Aain 915 -1:00 - -01 1976 Apr 14 916 0:00 Morocco +00/+01 2018 Oct 27 917 1:00 - +01 918 919 # Mozambique 920 # 921 # Shanks gives 1903-03-01 for the transition to CAT. 922 # Perhaps the 1911-05-26 Portuguese decree 923 # https://dre.pt/pdf1sdip/1911/05/12500/23132313.pdf 924 # merely made it official? 925 # 926 # Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] 927 Zone Africa/Maputo 2:10:20 - LMT 1903 Mar 928 2:00 - CAT 929 Link Africa/Maputo Africa/Blantyre # Malawi 930 Link Africa/Maputo Africa/Bujumbura # Burundi 931 Link Africa/Maputo Africa/Gaborone # Botswana 932 Link Africa/Maputo Africa/Harare # Zimbabwe 933 Link Africa/Maputo Africa/Kigali # Rwanda 934 Link Africa/Maputo Africa/Lubumbashi # E Dem. Rep. of Congo 935 Link Africa/Maputo Africa/Lusaka # Zambia 936 937 938 # Namibia 939 940 # From Arthur David Olson (2017-08-09): 941 # The text of the "Namibia Time Act, 1994" is available online at 942 # www.lac.org.na/laws/1994/811.pdf 943 # and includes this nugget: 944 # Notwithstanding the provisions of subsection (2) of section 1, the 945 # first winter period after the commencement of this Act shall 946 # commence at OOhOO on Monday 21 March 1994 and shall end at 02h00 on 947 # Sunday 4 September 1994. 948 949 # From Michael Deckers (2017-04-06): 950 # ... both summer and winter time are called "standard" 951 # (which differs from the use in Ireland) ... 952 953 # From Petronella Sibeene (2007-03-30): 954 # http://allafrica.com/stories/200703300178.html 955 # While the entire country changes its time, Katima Mulilo and other 956 # settlements in Caprivi unofficially will not because the sun there 957 # rises and sets earlier compared to other regions. Chief of 958 # Forecasting Riaan van Zyl explained that the far eastern parts of 959 # the country are close to 40 minutes earlier in sunrise than the rest 960 # of the country. 961 # 962 # From Paul Eggert (2017-02-22): 963 # Although the Zambezi Region (formerly known as Caprivi) informally 964 # observes Botswana time, we have no details about historical practice. 965 # In the meantime people there can use Africa/Gaborone. 966 # See: Immanuel S. The Namibian. 2017-02-23. 967 # https://www.namibian.com.na/51480/read/Time-change-divides-lawmakers 968 969 # From Steffen Thorsen (2017-08-09): 970 # Namibia is going to change their time zone to what is now their DST: 971 # https://www.newera.com.na/2017/02/23/namibias-winter-time-might-be-repealed/ 972 # This video is from the government decision: 973 # https://www.nbc.na/news/na-passes-namibia-time-bill-repealing-1994-namibia-time-act.8665 974 # We have made the assumption so far that they will change their time zone at 975 # the same time they would normally start DST, the first Sunday in September: 976 # https://www.timeanddate.com/news/time/namibia-new-time-zone.html 977 978 # From Paul Eggert (2017-04-09): 979 # Before the change, summer and winter time were both standard time legally. 980 # However in common parlance, winter time was considered to be DST. See, e.g.: 981 # http://www.nbc.na/news/namibias-winter-time-could-be-scrapped.2706 982 # https://zone.my.na/news/times-are-changing-in-namibia 983 # https://www.newera.com.na/2017/02/23/namibias-winter-time-might-be-repealed/ 984 # Use plain "WAT" and "CAT" for the time zone abbreviations, to be compatible 985 # with Namibia's neighbors. 986 987 # RULE NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S 988 # Vanguard section, for zic and other parsers that support negative DST. 989 Rule Namibia 1994 only - Mar 21 0:00 -1:00 WAT 990 Rule Namibia 1994 2017 - Sep Sun>=1 2:00 0 CAT 991 Rule Namibia 1995 2017 - Apr Sun>=1 2:00 -1:00 WAT 992 # Rearguard section, for parsers that do not support negative DST. 993 #Rule Namibia 1994 only - Mar 21 0:00 0 WAT 994 #Rule Namibia 1994 2017 - Sep Sun>=1 2:00 1:00 CAT 995 #Rule Namibia 1995 2017 - Apr Sun>=1 2:00 0 WAT 996 # End of rearguard section. 997 998 # Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] 999 Zone Africa/Windhoek 1:08:24 - LMT 1892 Feb 8 1000 1:30 - +0130 1903 Mar 1001 2:00 - SAST 1942 Sep 20 2:00 1002 2:00 1:00 SAST 1943 Mar 21 2:00 1003 2:00 - SAST 1990 Mar 21 # independence 1004 # Vanguard section, for zic and other parsers that support negative DST. 1005 2:00 Namibia %s 1006 # Rearguard section, for parsers that do not support negative DST. 1007 # 2:00 - CAT 1994 Mar 21 0:00 1008 # From Paul Eggert (2017-04-07): 1009 # The official date of the 2017 rule change was 2017-10-24. See: 1010 # http://www.lac.org.na/laws/annoSTAT/Namibian%20Time%20Act%209%20of%202017.pdf 1011 # 1:00 Namibia %s 2017 Oct 24 1012 # 2:00 - CAT 1013 # End of rearguard section. 1014 1015 # Niger 1016 # See Africa/Lagos. 1017 1018 # Nigeria 1019 # Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] 1020 Zone Africa/Lagos 0:13:36 - LMT 1919 Sep 1021 1:00 - WAT 1022 Link Africa/Lagos Africa/Bangui # Central African Republic 1023 Link Africa/Lagos Africa/Brazzaville # Rep. of the Congo 1024 Link Africa/Lagos Africa/Douala # Cameroon 1025 Link Africa/Lagos Africa/Kinshasa # Dem. Rep. of the Congo (west) 1026 Link Africa/Lagos Africa/Libreville # Gabon 1027 Link Africa/Lagos Africa/Luanda # Angola 1028 Link Africa/Lagos Africa/Malabo # Equatorial Guinea 1029 Link Africa/Lagos Africa/Niamey # Niger 1030 Link Africa/Lagos Africa/Porto-Novo # Benin 1031 1032 # Runion 1033 # Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] 1034 Zone Indian/Reunion 3:41:52 - LMT 1911 Jun # Saint-Denis 1035 4:00 - +04 1036 # 1037 # Crozet Islands also observes Runion time; see the 'antarctica' file. 1038 # 1039 # Scattered Islands (les parses) administered from Runion are as follows. 1040 # The following information about them is taken from 1041 # les parses (<http://www.outre-mer.gouv.fr/domtom/ile.htm>, 1997-07-22, 1042 # in French; no longer available as of 1999-08-17). 1043 # We have no info about their time zone histories. 1044 # 1045 # Bassas da India - uninhabited 1046 # Europa Island - inhabited from 1905 to 1910 by two families 1047 # Glorioso Is - inhabited until at least 1958 1048 # Juan de Nova - uninhabited 1049 # Tromelin - inhabited until at least 1958 1050 1051 # Rwanda 1052 # See Africa/Maputo. 1053 1054 # St Helena 1055 # See Africa/Abidjan. 1056 # The other parts of the St Helena territory are similar: 1057 # Tristan da Cunha: on GMT, say Whitman and the CIA 1058 # Ascension: on GMT, say the USNO (1995-12-21) and the CIA 1059 # Gough (scientific station since 1955; sealers wintered previously): 1060 # on GMT, says the CIA 1061 # Inaccessible, Nightingale: uninhabited 1062 1063 # So Tom and Prncipe 1064 1065 # See Europe/Lisbon for info about the 1912 transition. 1066 1067 # From Steffen Thorsen (2018-01-08): 1068 # Multiple sources tell that So Tom changed from UTC to UTC+1 as 1069 # they entered the year 2018. 1070 # From Michael Deckers (2018-01-08): 1071 # the switch is from 01:00 to 02:00 ... [Decree No. 25/2017] 1072 # http://www.mnec.gov.st/index.php/publicacoes/documentos/file/90-decreto-lei-n-25-2017 1073 1074 Zone Africa/Sao_Tome 0:26:56 - LMT 1884 1075 -0:36:45 - LMT 1912 Jan 1 00:00u # Lisbon MT 1076 0:00 - GMT 2018 Jan 1 01:00 1077 1:00 - WAT 1078 1079 # Senegal 1080 # See Africa/Abidjan. 1081 1082 # Seychelles 1083 # Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] 1084 Zone Indian/Mahe 3:41:48 - LMT 1906 Jun # Victoria 1085 4:00 - +04 1086 # From Paul Eggert (2001-05-30): 1087 # Aldabra, Farquhar, and Desroches, originally dependencies of the 1088 # Seychelles, were transferred to the British Indian Ocean Territory 1089 # in 1965 and returned to Seychelles control in 1976. We don't know 1090 # whether this affected their time zone, so omit this for now. 1091 # Possibly the islands were uninhabited. 1092 1093 # Sierra Leone 1094 # See Africa/Abidjan. 1095 1096 # Somalia 1097 # See Africa/Nairobi. 1098 1099 # South Africa 1100 # Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S 1101 Rule SA 1942 1943 - Sep Sun>=15 2:00 1:00 - 1102 Rule SA 1943 1944 - Mar Sun>=15 2:00 0 - 1103 # Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] 1104 Zone Africa/Johannesburg 1:52:00 - LMT 1892 Feb 8 1105 1:30 - SAST 1903 Mar 1106 2:00 SA SAST 1107 Link Africa/Johannesburg Africa/Maseru # Lesotho 1108 Link Africa/Johannesburg Africa/Mbabane # Swaziland 1109 # 1110 # Marion and Prince Edward Is 1111 # scientific station since 1947 1112 # no information 1113 1114 # Sudan 1115 1116 # From <http://www.sunanews.net/sn13jane.html> 1117 # Sudan News Agency (2000-01-13), 1118 # also reported by Michal De Beukelaer-Dossche via Steffen Thorsen: 1119 # Clocks will be moved ahead for 60 minutes all over the Sudan as of noon 1120 # Saturday.... This was announced Thursday by Caretaker State Minister for 1121 # Manpower Abdul-Rahman Nur-Eddin. 1122 1123 # From Ahmed Atyya, National Telecommunications Corp. (NTC), Sudan (2017-10-17): 1124 # ... the Republic of Sudan is going to change the time zone from (GMT+3:00) 1125 # to (GMT+ 2:00) starting from Wednesday 1 November 2017. 1126 # 1127 # From Paul Eggert (2017-10-18): 1128 # A scanned copy (in Arabic) of Cabinet Resolution No. 352 for the 1129 # year 2017 can be found as an attachment in email today from Yahia 1130 # Abdalla of NTC, archived at: 1131 # https://mm.icann.org/pipermail/tz/2017-October/025333.html 1132 1133 # Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S 1134 Rule Sudan 1970 only - May 1 0:00 1:00 S 1135 Rule Sudan 1970 1985 - Oct 15 0:00 0 - 1136 Rule Sudan 1971 only - Apr 30 0:00 1:00 S 1137 Rule Sudan 1972 1985 - Apr lastSun 0:00 1:00 S 1138 # Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] 1139 Zone Africa/Khartoum 2:10:08 - LMT 1931 1140 2:00 Sudan CA%sT 2000 Jan 15 12:00 1141 3:00 - EAT 2017 Nov 1 1142 2:00 - CAT 1143 1144 # South Sudan 1145 # Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] 1146 Zone Africa/Juba 2:06:28 - LMT 1931 1147 2:00 Sudan CA%sT 2000 Jan 15 12:00 1148 3:00 - EAT 1149 1150 # Swaziland 1151 # See Africa/Johannesburg. 1152 1153 # Tanzania 1154 # See Africa/Nairobi. 1155 1156 # Togo 1157 # See Africa/Abidjan. 1158 1159 # Tunisia 1160 1161 # From Gwillim Law (2005-04-30): 1162 # My correspondent, Risto Nyknen, has alerted me to another adoption of DST, 1163 # this time in Tunisia. According to Yahoo France News 1164 # <http://fr.news.yahoo.com/050426/5/4dumk.html>, in a story attributed to AP 1165 # and dated 2005-04-26, "Tunisia has decided to advance its official time by 1166 # one hour, starting on Sunday, May 1. Henceforth, Tunisian time will be 1167 # UTC+2 instead of UTC+1. The change will take place at 23:00 UTC next 1168 # Saturday." (My translation) 1169 # 1170 # From Oscar van Vlijmen (2005-05-02): 1171 # La Presse, the first national daily newspaper ... 1172 # http://www.lapresse.tn/archives/archives280405/actualites/lheure.html 1173 # ... DST for 2005: on: Sun May 1 0h standard time, off: Fri Sept. 30, 1174 # 1h standard time. 1175 # 1176 # From Atef Loukil (2006-03-28): 1177 # The daylight saving time will be the same each year: 1178 # Beginning : the last Sunday of March at 02:00 1179 # Ending : the last Sunday of October at 03:00 ... 1180 # http://www.tap.info.tn/en/index.php?option=com_content&task=view&id=1188&Itemid=50 1181 1182 # From Steffen Thorsen (2009-03-16): 1183 # According to several news sources, Tunisia will not observe DST this year. 1184 # (Arabic) 1185 # http://www.elbashayer.com/?page=viewn&nid=42546 1186 # https://www.babnet.net/kiwidetail-15295.asp 1187 # 1188 # We have also confirmed this with the US embassy in Tunisia. 1189 # We have a wrap-up about this on the following page: 1190 # https://www.timeanddate.com/news/time/tunisia-cancels-dst-2009.html 1191 1192 # From Alexander Krivenyshev (2009-03-17): 1193 # Here is a link to Tunis Afrique Presse News Agency 1194 # 1195 # Standard time to be kept the whole year long (tap.info.tn): 1196 # 1197 # (in English) 1198 # http://www.tap.info.tn/en/index.php?option=com_content&task=view&id=26813&Itemid=157 1199 # 1200 # (in Arabic) 1201 # http://www.tap.info.tn/ar/index.php?option=com_content&task=view&id=61240&Itemid=1 1202 1203 # From Arthur David Olson (2009-03-18): 1204 # The Tunis Afrique Presse News Agency notice contains this: "This measure is 1205 # due to the fact that the fasting month of Ramadan coincides with the period 1206 # concerned by summer time. Therefore, the standard time will be kept 1207 # unchanged the whole year long." So foregoing DST seems to be an exception 1208 # (albeit one that may be repeated in the future). 1209 1210 # From Alexander Krivenyshev (2010-03-27): 1211 # According to some news reports Tunis confirmed not to use DST in 2010 1212 # 1213 # (translation): 1214 # "The Tunisian government has decided to abandon DST, which was scheduled on 1215 # Sunday... 1216 # Tunisian authorities had suspended the DST for the first time last year also 1217 # coincided with the month of Ramadan..." 1218 # 1219 # (in Arabic) 1220 # http://www.moheet.com/show_news.aspx?nid=358861&pg=1 1221 # http://www.almadenahnews.com/newss/news.php?c=118&id=38036 1222 # http://www.worldtimezone.com/dst_news/dst_news_tunis02.html 1223 1224 # Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S 1225 Rule Tunisia 1939 only - Apr 15 23:00s 1:00 S 1226 Rule Tunisia 1939 only - Nov 18 23:00s 0 - 1227 Rule Tunisia 1940 only - Feb 25 23:00s 1:00 S 1228 Rule Tunisia 1941 only - Oct 6 0:00 0 - 1229 Rule Tunisia 1942 only - Mar 9 0:00 1:00 S 1230 Rule Tunisia 1942 only - Nov 2 3:00 0 - 1231 Rule Tunisia 1943 only - Mar 29 2:00 1:00 S 1232 Rule Tunisia 1943 only - Apr 17 2:00 0 - 1233 Rule Tunisia 1943 only - Apr 25 2:00 1:00 S 1234 Rule Tunisia 1943 only - Oct 4 2:00 0 - 1235 Rule Tunisia 1944 1945 - Apr Mon>=1 2:00 1:00 S 1236 Rule Tunisia 1944 only - Oct 8 0:00 0 - 1237 Rule Tunisia 1945 only - Sep 16 0:00 0 - 1238 Rule Tunisia 1977 only - Apr 30 0:00s 1:00 S 1239 Rule Tunisia 1977 only - Sep 24 0:00s 0 - 1240 Rule Tunisia 1978 only - May 1 0:00s 1:00 S 1241 Rule Tunisia 1978 only - Oct 1 0:00s 0 - 1242 Rule Tunisia 1988 only - Jun 1 0:00s 1:00 S 1243 Rule Tunisia 1988 1990 - Sep lastSun 0:00s 0 - 1244 Rule Tunisia 1989 only - Mar 26 0:00s 1:00 S 1245 Rule Tunisia 1990 only - May 1 0:00s 1:00 S 1246 Rule Tunisia 2005 only - May 1 0:00s 1:00 S 1247 Rule Tunisia 2005 only - Sep 30 1:00s 0 - 1248 Rule Tunisia 2006 2008 - Mar lastSun 2:00s 1:00 S 1249 Rule Tunisia 2006 2008 - Oct lastSun 2:00s 0 - 1250 1251 # Shanks & Pottenger give 0:09:20 for Paris Mean Time; go with Howse's 1252 # more precise 0:09:21. 1253 # Shanks & Pottenger say the 1911 switch was on Mar 9; go with Howse's Mar 11. 1254 # Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] 1255 Zone Africa/Tunis 0:40:44 - LMT 1881 May 12 1256 0:09:21 - PMT 1911 Mar 11 # Paris Mean Time 1257 1:00 Tunisia CE%sT 1258 1259 # Uganda 1260 # See Africa/Nairobi. 1261 1262 # Zambia 1263 # Zimbabwe 1264 # See Africa/Maputo. 1265
Indexes created Sun Apr 26 00:22:38 UTC 2026