africa revision 1.1.1.11.4.10
1 # tzdb data for Africa and environs 2 3 # This file is in the public domain, so clarified as of 4 # 2009-05-17 by Arthur David Olson. 5 6 # This file is by no means authoritative; if you think you know better, 7 # go ahead and edit the file (and please send any changes to 8 # tz (a] iana.org for general use in the future). For more, please see 9 # the file CONTRIBUTING in the tz distribution. 10 11 # From Paul Eggert (2018-05-27): 12 # 13 # Unless otherwise specified, the source for data through 1990 is: 14 # Thomas G. Shanks and Rique Pottenger, The International Atlas (6th edition), 15 # San Diego: ACS Publications, Inc. (2003). 16 # Unfortunately this book contains many errors and cites no sources. 17 # 18 # Many years ago Gwillim Law wrote that a good source 19 # for time zone data was the International Air Transport 20 # Association's Standard Schedules Information Manual (IATA SSIM), 21 # published semiannually. Law sent in several helpful summaries 22 # of the IATA's data after 1990. Except where otherwise noted, 23 # IATA SSIM is the source for entries after 1990. 24 # 25 # Another source occasionally used is Edward W. Whitman, World Time Differences, 26 # Whitman Publishing Co, 2 Niagara Av, Ealing, London (undated), which 27 # I found in the UCLA library. 28 # 29 # For data circa 1899, a common source is: 30 # Milne J. Civil time. Geogr J. 1899 Feb;13(2):173-94. 31 # https://www.jstor.org/stable/1774359 32 # 33 # European-style abbreviations are commonly used along the Mediterranean. 34 # For sub-Saharan Africa abbreviations were less standardized. 35 # Previous editions of this database used WAT, CAT, SAT, and EAT 36 # for UT +00 through +03, respectively, 37 # but in 1997 Mark R V Murray reported that 38 # 'SAST' is the official abbreviation for +02 in the country of South Africa, 39 # 'CAT' is commonly used for +02 in countries north of South Africa, and 40 # 'WAT' is probably the best name for +01, as the common phrase for 41 # the area that includes Nigeria is "West Africa". 42 # 43 # To summarize, the following abbreviations seemed to have some currency: 44 # +00 GMT Greenwich Mean Time 45 # +02 CAT Central Africa Time 46 # +02 SAST South Africa Standard Time 47 # and Murray suggested the following abbreviation: 48 # +01 WAT West Africa Time 49 # Murray's suggestion seems to have caught on in news reports and the like. 50 # I vaguely recall 'WAT' also being used for -01 in the past but 51 # cannot now come up with solid citations. 52 # 53 # I invented the following abbreviations in the 1990s: 54 # +02 WAST West Africa Summer Time 55 # +03 CAST Central Africa Summer Time 56 # +03 SAST South Africa Summer Time 57 # +03 EAT East Africa Time 58 # 'EAT' seems to have caught on and is in current timestamps, and though 59 # the other abbreviations are rarer and are only in past timestamps, 60 # they are paired with better-attested non-DST abbreviations. 61 # Corrections are welcome. 62 63 # Algeria 64 # Rule NAME FROM TO - IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S 65 Rule Algeria 1916 only - Jun 14 23:00s 1:00 S 66 Rule Algeria 1916 1919 - Oct Sun>=1 23:00s 0 - 67 Rule Algeria 1917 only - Mar 24 23:00s 1:00 S 68 Rule Algeria 1918 only - Mar 9 23:00s 1:00 S 69 Rule Algeria 1919 only - Mar 1 23:00s 1:00 S 70 Rule Algeria 1920 only - Feb 14 23:00s 1:00 S 71 Rule Algeria 1920 only - Oct 23 23:00s 0 - 72 Rule Algeria 1921 only - Mar 14 23:00s 1:00 S 73 Rule Algeria 1921 only - Jun 21 23:00s 0 - 74 Rule Algeria 1939 only - Sep 11 23:00s 1:00 S 75 Rule Algeria 1939 only - Nov 19 1:00 0 - 76 Rule Algeria 1944 1945 - Apr Mon>=1 2:00 1:00 S 77 Rule Algeria 1944 only - Oct 8 2:00 0 - 78 Rule Algeria 1945 only - Sep 16 1:00 0 - 79 Rule Algeria 1971 only - Apr 25 23:00s 1:00 S 80 Rule Algeria 1971 only - Sep 26 23:00s 0 - 81 Rule Algeria 1977 only - May 6 0:00 1:00 S 82 Rule Algeria 1977 only - Oct 21 0:00 0 - 83 Rule Algeria 1978 only - Mar 24 1:00 1:00 S 84 Rule Algeria 1978 only - Sep 22 3:00 0 - 85 Rule Algeria 1980 only - Apr 25 0:00 1:00 S 86 Rule Algeria 1980 only - Oct 31 2:00 0 - 87 # See Europe/Paris for PMT-related transitions. 88 # Zone NAME STDOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] 89 Zone Africa/Algiers 0:12:12 - LMT 1891 Mar 16 90 0:09:21 - PMT 1911 Mar 11 # Paris Mean Time 91 0:00 Algeria WE%sT 1940 Feb 25 2:00 92 1:00 Algeria CE%sT 1946 Oct 7 93 0:00 - WET 1956 Jan 29 94 1:00 - CET 1963 Apr 14 95 0:00 Algeria WE%sT 1977 Oct 21 96 1:00 Algeria CE%sT 1979 Oct 26 97 0:00 Algeria WE%sT 1981 May 98 1:00 - CET 99 100 # Angola 101 # Zone NAME STDOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] 102 Zone Africa/Luanda 0:52:56 - LMT 1892 103 0:52:04 - LMT 1911 Dec 31 23:00u # Luanda MT? 104 1:00 - WAT 105 106 # Benin 107 # Zone NAME STDOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] 108 Zone Africa/Porto-Novo 0:10:28 - LMT 1912 Jan 1 109 0:00 - GMT 1934 Feb 26 110 1:00 - WAT 111 112 # Botswana 113 # Zone NAME STDOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] 114 Zone Africa/Gaborone 1:43:40 - LMT 1885 115 1:30 - SAST 1903 Mar 116 2:00 - CAT 1943 Sep 19 2:00 117 2:00 1:00 CAST 1944 Mar 19 2:00 118 2:00 - CAT 119 120 # Burkina Faso 121 # Zone NAME STDOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] 122 Zone Africa/Ouagadougou -0:06:04 - LMT 1912 123 0:00 - GMT 124 125 # Burundi 126 # Zone NAME STDOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] 127 Zone Africa/Bujumbura 1:57:28 - LMT 1890 128 2:00 - CAT 129 130 # Cameroon 131 # Zone NAME STDOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] 132 Zone Africa/Douala 0:38:48 - LMT 1912 133 1:00 - WAT 134 135 # Cape Verde / Cabo Verde 136 # 137 # From Paul Eggert (2018-02-16): 138 # Shanks gives 1907 for the transition to +02. 139 # For now, ignore that and follow the 1911-05-26 Portuguese decree 140 # (see Europe/Lisbon). 141 # 142 # Zone NAME STDOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] 143 Zone Atlantic/Cape_Verde -1:34:04 - LMT 1912 Jan 01 2:00u # Praia 144 -2:00 - -02 1942 Sep 145 -2:00 1:00 -01 1945 Oct 15 146 -2:00 - -02 1975 Nov 25 2:00 147 -1:00 - -01 148 149 # Central African Republic 150 # Zone NAME STDOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] 151 Zone Africa/Bangui 1:14:20 - LMT 1912 152 1:00 - WAT 153 154 # Chad 155 # Zone NAME STDOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] 156 Zone Africa/Ndjamena 1:00:12 - LMT 1912 # N'Djamena 157 1:00 - WAT 1979 Oct 14 158 1:00 1:00 WAST 1980 Mar 8 159 1:00 - WAT 160 161 # Comoros 162 # Zone NAME STDOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] 163 Zone Indian/Comoro 2:53:04 - LMT 1911 Jul # Moroni, Gran Comoro 164 3:00 - EAT 165 166 # Democratic Republic of the Congo 167 # Zone NAME STDOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] 168 Zone Africa/Kinshasa 1:01:12 - LMT 1897 Nov 9 169 1:00 - WAT 170 171 # Zone NAME STDOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] 172 Zone Africa/Lubumbashi 1:49:52 - LMT 1897 Nov 9 173 1:00 - WAT 1920 Apr 25 174 2:00 - CAT 175 176 # Republic of the Congo 177 # Zone NAME STDOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] 178 Zone Africa/Brazzaville 1:01:08 - LMT 1912 179 1:00 - WAT 180 181 # Cte d'Ivoire / Ivory Coast 182 # Zone NAME STDOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] 183 Zone Africa/Abidjan -0:16:08 - LMT 1912 184 0:00 - GMT 185 186 # Djibouti 187 # Zone NAME STDOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] 188 Zone Africa/Djibouti 2:52:36 - LMT 1911 Jul 189 3:00 - EAT 190 191 ############################################################################### 192 193 # Egypt 194 195 # Milne says Cairo used 2:05:08.9, the local mean time of the Abbasizeh 196 # observatory. Milne also says that the official time for 197 # Egypt was mean noon at the Great Pyramid, 2:04:30.5, but apparently this 198 # did not apply to Cairo, Alexandria, or Port Said. 199 200 # Rule NAME FROM TO - IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S 201 Rule Egypt 1940 only - Jul 15 0:00 1:00 S 202 Rule Egypt 1940 only - Oct 1 0:00 0 - 203 Rule Egypt 1941 only - Apr 15 0:00 1:00 S 204 Rule Egypt 1941 only - Sep 16 0:00 0 - 205 Rule Egypt 1942 1944 - Apr 1 0:00 1:00 S 206 Rule Egypt 1942 only - Oct 27 0:00 0 - 207 Rule Egypt 1943 1945 - Nov 1 0:00 0 - 208 Rule Egypt 1945 only - Apr 16 0:00 1:00 S 209 Rule Egypt 1957 only - May 10 0:00 1:00 S 210 Rule Egypt 1957 1958 - Oct 1 0:00 0 - 211 Rule Egypt 1958 only - May 1 0:00 1:00 S 212 Rule Egypt 1959 1981 - May 1 1:00 1:00 S 213 Rule Egypt 1959 1965 - Sep 30 3:00 0 - 214 Rule Egypt 1966 1994 - Oct 1 3:00 0 - 215 Rule Egypt 1982 only - Jul 25 1:00 1:00 S 216 Rule Egypt 1983 only - Jul 12 1:00 1:00 S 217 Rule Egypt 1984 1988 - May 1 1:00 1:00 S 218 Rule Egypt 1989 only - May 6 1:00 1:00 S 219 Rule Egypt 1990 1994 - May 1 1:00 1:00 S 220 # IATA (after 1990) says transitions are at 0:00. 221 # Go with IATA starting in 1995, except correct 1995 entry from 09-30 to 09-29. 222 223 # From Alexander Krivenyshev (2011-04-20): 224 # "...Egypt's interim cabinet decided on Wednesday to cancel daylight 225 # saving time after a poll posted on its website showed the majority of 226 # Egyptians would approve the cancellation." 227 # 228 # Egypt to cancel daylight saving time 229 # http://www.almasryalyoum.com/en/node/407168 230 # or 231 # http://www.worldtimezone.com/dst_news/dst_news_egypt04.html 232 Rule Egypt 1995 2010 - Apr lastFri 0:00s 1:00 S 233 Rule Egypt 1995 2005 - Sep lastThu 24:00 0 - 234 # From Steffen Thorsen (2006-09-19): 235 # The Egyptian Gazette, issue 41,090 (2006-09-18), page 1, reports: 236 # Egypt will turn back clocks by one hour at the midnight of Thursday 237 # after observing the daylight saving time since May. 238 # http://news.gom.com.eg/gazette/pdf/2006/09/18/01.pdf 239 Rule Egypt 2006 only - Sep 21 24:00 0 - 240 # From Dirk Losch (2007-08-14): 241 # I received a mail from an airline which says that the daylight 242 # saving time in Egypt will end in the night of 2007-09-06 to 2007-09-07. 243 # From Jesper Nrgaard Welen (2007-08-15): [The following agree:] 244 # http://www.nentjes.info/Bill/bill5.htm 245 # https://www.timeanddate.com/worldclock/city.html?n=53 246 # From Steffen Thorsen (2007-09-04): The official information...: 247 # http://www.sis.gov.eg/En/EgyptOnline/Miscellaneous/000002/0207000000000000001580.htm 248 Rule Egypt 2007 only - Sep Thu>=1 24:00 0 - 249 # From Abdelrahman Hassan (2007-09-06): 250 # Due to the Hijri (lunar Islamic calendar) year being 11 days shorter 251 # than the year of the Gregorian calendar, Ramadan shifts earlier each 252 # year. This year it will be observed September 13 (September is quite 253 # hot in Egypt), and the idea is to make fasting easier for workers by 254 # shifting business hours one hour out of daytime heat. Consequently, 255 # unless discontinued, next DST may end Thursday 28 August 2008. 256 # From Paul Eggert (2007-08-17): 257 # For lack of better info, assume the new rule is last Thursday in August. 258 259 # From Petr Machata (2009-04-06): 260 # The following appeared in Red Hat bugzilla[1] (edited): 261 # 262 # > $ zdump -v /usr/share/zoneinfo/Africa/Cairo | grep 2009 263 # > /usr/share/zoneinfo/Africa/Cairo Thu Apr 23 21:59:59 2009 UTC = Thu = 264 # Apr 23 265 # > 23:59:59 2009 EET isdst=0 gmtoff=7200 266 # > /usr/share/zoneinfo/Africa/Cairo Thu Apr 23 22:00:00 2009 UTC = Fri = 267 # Apr 24 268 # > 01:00:00 2009 EEST isdst=1 gmtoff=10800 269 # > /usr/share/zoneinfo/Africa/Cairo Thu Aug 27 20:59:59 2009 UTC = Thu = 270 # Aug 27 271 # > 23:59:59 2009 EEST isdst=1 gmtoff=10800 272 # > /usr/share/zoneinfo/Africa/Cairo Thu Aug 27 21:00:00 2009 UTC = Thu = 273 # Aug 27 274 # > 23:00:00 2009 EET isdst=0 gmtoff=7200 275 # 276 # > end date should be Thu Sep 24 2009 (Last Thursday in September at 23:59= 277 # :59) 278 # > http://support.microsoft.com/kb/958729/ 279 # 280 # timeanddate[2] and another site I've found[3] also support that. 281 # 282 # [1] https://bugzilla.redhat.com/show_bug.cgi?id=492263 283 # [2] https://www.timeanddate.com/worldclock/clockchange.html?n=53 284 # [3] https://wwp.greenwichmeantime.com/time-zone/africa/egypt/ 285 286 # From Arthur David Olson (2009-04-20): 287 # In 2009 (and for the next several years), Ramadan ends before the fourth 288 # Thursday in September; Egypt is expected to revert to the last Thursday 289 # in September. 290 291 # From Steffen Thorsen (2009-08-11): 292 # We have been able to confirm the August change with the Egyptian Cabinet 293 # Information and Decision Support Center: 294 # https://www.timeanddate.com/news/time/egypt-dst-ends-2009.html 295 # 296 # The Middle East News Agency 297 # https://www.mena.org.eg/index.aspx 298 # also reports "Egypt starts winter time on August 21" 299 # today in article numbered "71, 11/08/2009 12:25 GMT." 300 # Only the title above is available without a subscription to their service, 301 # and can be found by searching for "winter" in their search engine 302 # (at least today). 303 304 # From Alexander Krivenyshev (2010-07-20): 305 # According to News from Egypt - Al-Masry Al-Youm Egypt's cabinet has 306 # decided that Daylight Saving Time will not be used in Egypt during 307 # Ramadan. 308 # 309 # Arabic translation: 310 # "Clocks to go back during Ramadan - and then forward again" 311 # http://www.almasryalyoum.com/en/news/clocks-go-back-during-ramadan-and-then-forward-again 312 # http://www.worldtimezone.com/dst_news/dst_news_egypt02.html 313 314 # From Ahmad El-Dardiry (2014-05-07): 315 # Egypt is to change back to Daylight system on May 15 316 # http://english.ahram.org.eg/NewsContent/1/64/100735/Egypt/Politics-/Egypts-government-to-reapply-daylight-saving-time-.aspx 317 318 # From Gunther Vermier (2014-05-13): 319 # our Egypt office confirms that the change will be at 15 May "midnight" (24:00) 320 321 # From Imed Chihi (2014-06-04): 322 # We have finally "located" a precise official reference about the DST changes 323 # in Egypt. The Ministers Cabinet decision is explained at 324 # http://www.cabinet.gov.eg/Media/CabinetMeetingsDetails.aspx?id=347 ... 325 # [T]his (Arabic) site is not accessible outside Egypt, but the page ... 326 # translates into: "With regard to daylight saving time, it is scheduled to 327 # take effect at exactly twelve o'clock this evening, Thursday, 15 MAY 2014, 328 # to be suspended by twelve o'clock on the evening of Thursday, 26 JUN 2014, 329 # and re-established again at the end of the month of Ramadan, at twelve 330 # o'clock on the evening of Thursday, 31 JUL 2014." This statement has been 331 # reproduced by other (more accessible) sites[, e.g.,]... 332 # http://elgornal.net/news/news.aspx?id=4699258 333 334 # From Paul Eggert (2014-06-04): 335 # Sarah El Deeb and Lee Keath of AP report that the Egyptian government says 336 # the change is because of blackouts in Cairo, even though Ahram Online (cited 337 # above) says DST had no affect on electricity consumption. There is 338 # no information about when DST will end this fall. See: 339 # http://abcnews.go.com/International/wireStory/el-sissi-pushes-egyptians-line-23614833 340 341 # From Steffen Thorsen (2015-04-08): 342 # Egypt will start DST on midnight after Thursday, April 30, 2015. 343 # This is based on a law (no 35) from May 15, 2014 saying it starts the last 344 # Thursday of April.... Clocks will still be turned back for Ramadan, but 345 # dates not yet announced.... 346 # http://almogaz.com/news/weird-news/2015/04/05/1947105 ... 347 # https://www.timeanddate.com/news/time/egypt-starts-dst-2015.html 348 349 # From Ahmed Nazmy (2015-04-20): 350 # Egypt's ministers cabinet just announced ... that it will cancel DST at 351 # least for 2015. 352 # 353 # From Tim Parenti (2015-04-20): 354 # http://english.ahram.org.eg/WriterArticles/NewsContentP/1/128195/Egypt/No-daylight-saving-this-summer-Egypts-prime-minist.aspx 355 # "Egypt's cabinet agreed on Monday not to switch clocks for daylight saving 356 # time this summer, and carry out studies on the possibility of canceling the 357 # practice altogether in future years." 358 # 359 # From Paul Eggert (2015-04-24): 360 # Yesterday the office of Egyptian President El-Sisi announced his 361 # decision to abandon DST permanently. See Ahram Online 2015-04-24. 362 # http://english.ahram.org.eg/NewsContent/1/64/128509/Egypt/Politics-/Sisi-cancels-daylight-saving-time-in-Egypt.aspx 363 364 # From Steffen Thorsen (2016-04-29): 365 # Egypt will have DST from July 7 until the end of October.... 366 # http://english.ahram.org.eg/NewsContentP/1/204655/Egypt/Daylight-savings-time-returning-to-Egypt-on--July.aspx 367 # From Mina Samuel (2016-07-04): 368 # Egyptian government took the decision to cancel the DST, 369 370 Rule Egypt 2008 only - Aug lastThu 24:00 0 - 371 Rule Egypt 2009 only - Aug 20 24:00 0 - 372 Rule Egypt 2010 only - Aug 10 24:00 0 - 373 Rule Egypt 2010 only - Sep 9 24:00 1:00 S 374 Rule Egypt 2010 only - Sep lastThu 24:00 0 - 375 Rule Egypt 2014 only - May 15 24:00 1:00 S 376 Rule Egypt 2014 only - Jun 26 24:00 0 - 377 Rule Egypt 2014 only - Jul 31 24:00 1:00 S 378 Rule Egypt 2014 only - Sep lastThu 24:00 0 - 379 380 # Zone NAME STDOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] 381 #STDOFF 2:05:08.9 382 Zone Africa/Cairo 2:05:09 - LMT 1900 Oct 383 2:00 Egypt EE%sT 384 385 # Equatorial Guinea 386 # Zone NAME STDOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] 387 Zone Africa/Malabo 0:35:08 - LMT 1912 388 0:00 - GMT 1963 Dec 15 389 1:00 - WAT 390 391 # Eritrea 392 # Zone NAME STDOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] 393 Zone Africa/Asmara 2:35:32 - LMT 1870 394 2:35:32 - AMT 1890 # Asmara Mean Time 395 2:35:20 - ADMT 1936 May 5 # Adis Dera MT 396 3:00 - EAT 397 398 # Eswatini (formerly Swaziland) 399 # Zone NAME STDOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] 400 Zone Africa/Mbabane 2:04:24 - LMT 1903 Mar 401 2:00 - SAST 402 403 # Ethiopia 404 # 405 # Unfortunately tzdb records only Western clock time in use in Ethiopia, 406 # as the tzdb format is not up to properly recording a common Ethiopian 407 # timekeeping practice that is based on solar time. See: 408 # Mortada D. If you have a meeting in Ethiopia, you'd better double 409 # check the time. PRI's The World. 2015-01-30 15:15 -05. 410 # https://www.pri.org/stories/2015-01-30/if-you-have-meeting-ethiopia-you-better-double-check-time 411 # Zone NAME STDOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] 412 Zone Africa/Addis_Ababa 2:34:48 - LMT 1870 413 2:35:20 - ADMT 1936 May 5 # Adis Dera MT 414 3:00 - EAT 415 416 # Gabon 417 # Zone NAME STDOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] 418 Zone Africa/Libreville 0:37:48 - LMT 1912 419 1:00 - WAT 420 421 # The Gambia 422 # Zone NAME STDOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] 423 Zone Africa/Banjul -1:06:36 - LMT 1912 424 -1:06:36 - BMT 1933 Apr 1 # Banjul Mean Time 425 -1:00 - -01 1942 Feb 1 0:00 426 0:00 - GMT 427 428 # Ghana 429 # Rule NAME FROM TO - IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S 430 Rule Ghana 1919 only - Nov 24 0:00 0:20 +0020 431 Rule Ghana 1920 1942 - Jan 1 2:00 0 GMT 432 Rule Ghana 1920 1939 - Sep 1 2:00 0:20 +0020 433 Rule Ghana 1940 1941 - May 1 2:00 0:20 +0020 434 Rule Ghana 1950 1955 - Sep 1 2:00 0:30 +0030 435 Rule Ghana 1951 1956 - Jan 1 2:00 0 GMT 436 437 # Zone NAME STDOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] 438 Zone Africa/Accra -0:00:52 - LMT 1915 Nov 2 439 0:00 Ghana %s 1942 Feb 8 440 0:30 - +0030 1946 Jan 6 441 0:00 Ghana %s 442 443 # Guinea 444 # Zone NAME STDOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] 445 Zone Africa/Conakry -0:54:52 - LMT 1912 446 0:00 - GMT 1934 Feb 26 447 -1:00 - -01 1960 448 0:00 - GMT 449 450 # Guinea-Bissau 451 # 452 # From Paul Eggert (2018-02-16): 453 # Shanks gives 1911-05-26 for the transition to WAT, 454 # evidently confusing the date of the Portuguese decree 455 # (see Europe/Lisbon) with the date that it took effect. 456 # 457 # Zone NAME STDOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] 458 Zone Africa/Bissau -1:02:20 - LMT 1912 Jan 1 1:00u 459 -1:00 - -01 1975 460 0:00 - GMT 461 462 # Kenya 463 464 # From P Chan (2020-10-24): 465 # 466 # The standard time of GMT+2:30 was adopted in the East Africa Protectorate.... 467 # [The Official Gazette, 1908-05-01, p 274] 468 # https://books.google.com/books?id=e-cAC-sjPSEC&pg=PA274 469 # 470 # At midnight on 30 June 1928 the clocks throughout Kenya was put forward 471 # half an hour by the Alteration of Time Ordinance, 1928. 472 # https://gazettes.africa/archive/ke/1928/ke-government-gazette-dated-1928-05-11-no-28.pdf 473 # [Ordinance No. 11 of 1928, The Official Gazette, 1928-06-26, p 813] 474 # https://books.google.com/books?id=2S0S6os32ZUC&pg=PA813 475 # 476 # The 1928 ordinance was repealed by the Alteration of Time (repeal) Ordinance, 477 # 1929 and the time was restored to GMT+2:30 at midnight on 4 January 1930. 478 # [Ordinance No. 97 of 1929, The Official Gazette, 1929-12-31, p 2701] 479 # https://books.google.com/books?id=_g18jIZQlwwC&pg=PA2701 480 # 481 # The Alteration of Time Ordinance, 1936 changed the time to GMT+2:45 482 # and repealed the previous ordinance at midnight on 31 December 1936. 483 # [The Official Gazette, 1936-07-21, p 705] 484 # https://books.google.com/books?id=K7j41z0aC5wC&pg=PA705 485 # 486 # The Defence (Amendment of Laws No. 120) Regulations changed the time 487 # to GMT+3 at midnight on 31 July 1942. 488 # [Kenya Official Gazette Supplement No. 32, 1942-07-21, p 331] 489 # https://books.google.com/books?hl=zh-TW&id=c_E-AQAAIAAJ&pg=PA331 490 # The provision of the 1936 ordinance was not repealed and was later 491 # incorporated in the Interpretation and General Clauses Ordinance in 1948. 492 # Although it was overridden by the 1942 regulations. 493 # [The Laws of Kenya in force on 1948-09-21, Title I, Chapter 1, 31] 494 # https://dds.crl.edu/item/217517 (p.101) 495 # In 1950 the Interpretation and General Clauses Ordinance was amended to adopt 496 # GMT+3 permanently as the 1942 regulations were due to expire on 10 December. 497 # https://books.google.com/books?id=jvR8mUDAwR0C&pg=PA787 498 # [Ordinance No. 44 of 1950, Kenya Ordinances 1950, Vol. XXIX, p 294] 499 # https://books.google.com/books?id=-_dQAQAAMAAJ&pg=PA294 500 501 # From Paul Eggert (2020-10-24): 502 # The 1908-05-01 announcement does not give an effective date, 503 # so just say "1908 May". 504 505 # Zone NAME STDOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] 506 Zone Africa/Nairobi 2:27:16 - LMT 1908 May 507 2:30 - +0230 1928 Jun 30 24:00 508 3:00 - EAT 1930 Jan 4 24:00 509 2:30 - +0230 1936 Dec 31 24:00 510 2:45 - +0245 1942 Jul 31 24:00 511 3:00 - EAT 512 513 # Lesotho 514 # Zone NAME STDOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] 515 Zone Africa/Maseru 1:50:00 - LMT 1903 Mar 516 2:00 - SAST 1943 Sep 19 2:00 517 2:00 1:00 SAST 1944 Mar 19 2:00 518 2:00 - SAST 519 520 # Liberia 521 # 522 # From Paul Eggert (2017-03-02): 523 # 524 # The Nautical Almanac for the Year 1970, p 264, is the source for -0:44:30. 525 # 526 # In 1972 Liberia was the last country to switch from a UT offset 527 # that was not a multiple of 15 or 20 minutes. The 1972 change was on 528 # 1972-01-07, according to an entry dated 1972-01-04 on p 330 of: 529 # Presidential Papers: First year of the administration of 530 # President William R. Tolbert, Jr., July 23, 1971-July 31, 1972. 531 # Monrovia: Executive Mansion. 532 # 533 # Use the abbreviation "MMT" before 1972, as the more-accurate numeric 534 # abbreviation "-004430" would be one byte over the POSIX limit. 535 # 536 # Zone NAME STDOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] 537 Zone Africa/Monrovia -0:43:08 - LMT 1882 538 -0:43:08 - MMT 1919 Mar # Monrovia Mean Time 539 -0:44:30 - MMT 1972 Jan 7 # approximately MMT 540 0:00 - GMT 541 542 ############################################################################### 543 544 # Libya 545 546 # From Even Scharning (2012-11-10): 547 # Libya set their time one hour back at 02:00 on Saturday November 10. 548 # https://www.libyaherald.com/2012/11/04/clocks-to-go-back-an-hour-on-saturday/ 549 # Here is an official source [in Arabic]: http://ls.ly/fb6Yc 550 # 551 # Steffen Thorsen forwarded a translation (2012-11-10) in 552 # https://mm.icann.org/pipermail/tz/2012-November/018451.html 553 # 554 # From Tim Parenti (2012-11-11): 555 # Treat the 2012-11-10 change as a zone change from UTC+2 to UTC+1. 556 # The DST rules planned for 2013 and onward roughly mirror those of Europe 557 # (either two days before them or five days after them, so as to fall on 558 # lastFri instead of lastSun). 559 560 # From Even Scharning (2013-10-25): 561 # The scheduled end of DST in Libya on Friday, October 25, 2013 was 562 # cancelled yesterday.... 563 # https://www.libyaherald.com/2013/10/24/correction-no-time-change-tomorrow/ 564 # 565 # From Paul Eggert (2013-10-25): 566 # For now, assume they're reverting to the pre-2012 rules of permanent UT +02. 567 568 # Rule NAME FROM TO - IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S 569 Rule Libya 1951 only - Oct 14 2:00 1:00 S 570 Rule Libya 1952 only - Jan 1 0:00 0 - 571 Rule Libya 1953 only - Oct 9 2:00 1:00 S 572 Rule Libya 1954 only - Jan 1 0:00 0 - 573 Rule Libya 1955 only - Sep 30 0:00 1:00 S 574 Rule Libya 1956 only - Jan 1 0:00 0 - 575 Rule Libya 1982 1984 - Apr 1 0:00 1:00 S 576 Rule Libya 1982 1985 - Oct 1 0:00 0 - 577 Rule Libya 1985 only - Apr 6 0:00 1:00 S 578 Rule Libya 1986 only - Apr 4 0:00 1:00 S 579 Rule Libya 1986 only - Oct 3 0:00 0 - 580 Rule Libya 1987 1989 - Apr 1 0:00 1:00 S 581 Rule Libya 1987 1989 - Oct 1 0:00 0 - 582 Rule Libya 1997 only - Apr 4 0:00 1:00 S 583 Rule Libya 1997 only - Oct 4 0:00 0 - 584 Rule Libya 2013 only - Mar lastFri 1:00 1:00 S 585 Rule Libya 2013 only - Oct lastFri 2:00 0 - 586 # Zone NAME STDOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] 587 Zone Africa/Tripoli 0:52:44 - LMT 1920 588 1:00 Libya CE%sT 1959 589 2:00 - EET 1982 590 1:00 Libya CE%sT 1990 May 4 591 # The 1996 and 1997 entries are from Shanks & Pottenger; 592 # the IATA SSIM data entries contain some obvious errors. 593 2:00 - EET 1996 Sep 30 594 1:00 Libya CE%sT 1997 Oct 4 595 2:00 - EET 2012 Nov 10 2:00 596 1:00 Libya CE%sT 2013 Oct 25 2:00 597 2:00 - EET 598 599 # Madagascar 600 # Zone NAME STDOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] 601 Zone Indian/Antananarivo 3:10:04 - LMT 1911 Jul 602 3:00 - EAT 1954 Feb 27 23:00s 603 3:00 1:00 EAST 1954 May 29 23:00s 604 3:00 - EAT 605 606 # Malawi 607 # Zone NAME STDOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] 608 Zone Africa/Blantyre 2:20:00 - LMT 1911 Jul 24 609 2:21:10 - ZMT 1914 Jun 30 # Zomba Mean Time 610 2:21 - ZMT 1925 Jul 1 611 2:00 - CAT 612 613 # Mali 614 # Zone NAME STDOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] 615 Zone Africa/Bamako -0:32:00 - LMT 1912 616 0:00 - GMT 1934 Feb 26 617 -1:00 - -01 1960 Jun 20 618 0:00 - GMT 619 #PACKRATLIST zone.tab Link Africa/Bamako Africa/Timbuktu 620 621 # Mauritania 622 # Zone NAME STDOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] 623 Zone Africa/Nouakchott -1:03:48 - LMT 1912 624 0:00 - GMT 1934 Feb 26 625 -1:00 - -01 1960 Nov 28 626 0:00 - GMT 627 628 # Mauritius 629 630 # From Steffen Thorsen (2008-06-25): 631 # Mauritius plans to observe DST from 2008-11-01 to 2009-03-31 on a trial 632 # basis.... 633 # It seems that Mauritius observed daylight saving time from 1982-10-10 to 634 # 1983-03-20 as well, but that was not successful.... 635 # https://www.timeanddate.com/news/time/mauritius-daylight-saving-time.html 636 637 # From Alex Krivenyshev (2008-06-25): 638 # http://economicdevelopment.gov.mu/portal/site/Mainhomepage/menuitem.a42b24128104d9845dabddd154508a0c/?content_id=0a7cee8b5d69a110VgnVCM1000000a04a8c0RCRD 639 640 # From Arthur David Olson (2008-06-30): 641 # The www.timeanddate.com article cited by Steffen Thorsen notes that "A 642 # final decision has yet to be made on the times that daylight saving 643 # would begin and end on these dates." As a place holder, use midnight. 644 645 # From Paul Eggert (2008-06-30): 646 # Follow Thorsen on DST in 1982/1983, instead of Shanks & Pottenger. 647 648 # From Steffen Thorsen (2008-07-10): 649 # According to 650 # http://www.lexpress.mu/display_article.php?news_id=111216 651 # (in French), Mauritius will start and end their DST a few days earlier 652 # than previously announced (2008-11-01 to 2009-03-31). The new start 653 # date is 2008-10-26 at 02:00 and the new end date is 2009-03-27 (no time 654 # given, but it is probably at either 2 or 3 wall clock time). 655 # 656 # A little strange though, since the article says that they moved the date 657 # to align itself with Europe and USA which also change time on that date, 658 # but that means they have not paid attention to what happened in 659 # USA/Canada last year (DST ends first Sunday in November). I also wonder 660 # why that they end on a Friday, instead of aligning with Europe which 661 # changes two days later. 662 663 # From Alex Krivenyshev (2008-07-11): 664 # Seems that English language article "The revival of daylight saving 665 # time: Energy conservation?"- No. 16578 (07/11/2008) was originally 666 # published on Monday, June 30, 2008... 667 # 668 # I guess that article in French "Le gouvernement avance l'introduction 669 # de l'heure d't" stating that DST in Mauritius starting on October 26 670 # and ending on March 27, 2009 is the most recent one.... 671 # http://www.worldtimezone.com/dst_news/dst_news_mauritius02.html 672 673 # From Riad M. Hossen Ally (2008-08-03): 674 # The Government of Mauritius weblink 675 # http://www.gov.mu/portal/site/pmosite/menuitem.4ca0efdee47462e7440a600248a521ca/?content_id=4728ca68b2a5b110VgnVCM1000000a04a8c0RCRD 676 # Cabinet Decision of July 18th, 2008 states as follows: 677 # 678 # 4. ...Cabinet has agreed to the introduction into the National Assembly 679 # of the Time Bill which provides for the introduction of summer time in 680 # Mauritius. The summer time period which will be of one hour ahead of 681 # the standard time, will be aligned with that in Europe and the United 682 # States of America. It will start at two o'clock in the morning on the 683 # last Sunday of October and will end at two o'clock in the morning on 684 # the last Sunday of March the following year. The summer time for the 685 # year 2008-2009 will, therefore, be effective as from 26 October 2008 686 # and end on 29 March 2009. 687 688 # From Ed Maste (2008-10-07): 689 # THE TIME BILL (No. XXVII of 2008) Explanatory Memorandum states the 690 # beginning / ending of summer time is 2 o'clock standard time in the 691 # morning of the last Sunday of October / last Sunday of March. 692 # http://www.gov.mu/portal/goc/assemblysite/file/bill2708.pdf 693 694 # From Steffen Thorsen (2009-06-05): 695 # According to several sources, Mauritius will not continue to observe 696 # DST the coming summer... 697 # 698 # Some sources, in French: 699 # http://www.defimedia.info/news/946/Rashid-Beebeejaun-:-%C2%AB-L%E2%80%99heure-d%E2%80%99%C3%A9t%C3%A9-ne-sera-pas-appliqu%C3%A9e-cette-ann%C3%A9e-%C2%BB 700 # http://lexpress.mu/Story/3398~Beebeejaun---Les-objectifs-d-%C3%A9conomie-d-%C3%A9nergie-de-l-heure-d-%C3%A9t%C3%A9-ont-%C3%A9t%C3%A9-atteints- 701 # 702 # Our wrap-up: 703 # https://www.timeanddate.com/news/time/mauritius-dst-will-not-repeat.html 704 705 # From Arthur David Olson (2009-07-11): 706 # The "mauritius-dst-will-not-repeat" wrapup includes this: 707 # "The trial ended on March 29, 2009, when the clocks moved back by one hour 708 # at 2am (or 02:00) local time..." 709 710 # Rule NAME FROM TO - IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S 711 Rule Mauritius 1982 only - Oct 10 0:00 1:00 - 712 Rule Mauritius 1983 only - Mar 21 0:00 0 - 713 Rule Mauritius 2008 only - Oct lastSun 2:00 1:00 - 714 Rule Mauritius 2009 only - Mar lastSun 2:00 0 - 715 # Zone NAME STDOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] 716 Zone Indian/Mauritius 3:50:00 - LMT 1907 # Port Louis 717 4:00 Mauritius +04/+05 718 # Agalega Is, Rodriguez 719 # no information; probably like Indian/Mauritius 720 721 # Mayotte 722 # Zone NAME STDOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] 723 Zone Indian/Mayotte 3:00:56 - LMT 1911 Jul # Mamoutzou 724 3:00 - EAT 725 726 # Morocco 727 # See Africa/Ceuta for Spanish Morocco. 728 729 # From Alex Krivenyshev (2008-05-09): 730 # Here is an article that Morocco plan to introduce Daylight Saving Time between 731 # 1 June, 2008 and 27 September, 2008. 732 # 733 # "... Morocco is to save energy by adjusting its clock during summer so it will 734 # be one hour ahead of GMT between 1 June and 27 September, according to 735 # Communication Minister and Government Spokesman, Khalid Naciri...." 736 # 737 # http://www.worldtimezone.com/dst_news/dst_news_morocco01.html 738 # http://en.afrik.com/news11892.html 739 740 # From Alex Krivenyshev (2008-05-09): 741 # The Morocco time change can be confirmed on Morocco web site Maghreb Arabe 742 # Presse: 743 # http://www.map.ma/eng/sections/box3/morocco_shifts_to_da/view 744 # 745 # Morocco shifts to daylight time on June 1st through September 27, Govt. 746 # spokesman. 747 748 # From Patrice Scattolin (2008-05-09): 749 # According to this article: 750 # https://www.avmaroc.com/actualite/heure-dete-comment-a127896.html 751 # (and republished here: <http://www.actu.ma/heure-dete-comment_i127896_0.html>) 752 # the changes occur at midnight: 753 # 754 # Saturday night May 31st at midnight (which in French is to be 755 # interpreted as the night between Saturday and Sunday) 756 # Sunday night the 28th at midnight 757 # 758 # Seeing that the 28th is Monday, I am guessing that she intends to say 759 # the midnight of the 28th which is the midnight between Sunday and 760 # Monday, which jives with other sources that say that it's inclusive 761 # June 1st to Sept 27th. 762 # 763 # The decision was taken by decree *2-08-224 *but I can't find the decree 764 # published on the web. 765 # 766 # It's also confirmed here: 767 # http://www.maroc.ma/NR/exeres/FACF141F-D910-44B0-B7FA-6E03733425D1.htm 768 # on a government portal as being between June 1st and Sept 27th (not yet 769 # posted in English). 770 # 771 # The following Google query will generate many relevant hits: 772 # https://www.google.com/search?hl=en&q=Conseil+de+gouvernement+maroc+heure+avance&btnG=Search 773 774 # From Steffen Thorsen (2008-08-27): 775 # Morocco will change the clocks back on the midnight between August 31 776 # and September 1. They originally planned to observe DST to near the end 777 # of September: 778 # 779 # One article about it (in French): 780 # http://www.menara.ma/fr/Actualites/Maroc/Societe/ci.retour_a_l_heure_gmt_a_partir_du_dimanche_31_aout_a_minuit_officiel_.default 781 # 782 # We have some further details posted here: 783 # https://www.timeanddate.com/news/time/morocco-ends-dst-early-2008.html 784 785 # From Steffen Thorsen (2009-03-17): 786 # Morocco will observe DST from 2009-06-01 00:00 to 2009-08-21 00:00 according 787 # to many sources, such as 788 # http://news.marweb.com/morocco/entertainment/morocco-daylight-saving.html 789 # http://www.medi1sat.ma/fr/depeche.aspx?idp=2312 790 # (French) 791 # 792 # Our summary: 793 # https://www.timeanddate.com/news/time/morocco-starts-dst-2009.html 794 795 # From Alexander Krivenyshev (2009-03-17): 796 # Here is a link to official document from Royaume du Maroc Premier Ministre, 797 # Ministre de la Modernisation des Secteurs Publics 798 # 799 # Under Article 1 of Royal Decree No. 455-67 of Act 23 safar 1387 (2 June 1967) 800 # concerning the amendment of the legal time, the Ministry of Modernization of 801 # Public Sectors announced that the official time in the Kingdom will be 802 # advanced 60 minutes from Sunday 31 May 2009 at midnight. 803 # 804 # http://www.mmsp.gov.ma/francais/Actualites_fr/PDF_Actualites_Fr/HeureEte_FR.pdf 805 # http://www.worldtimezone.com/dst_news/dst_news_morocco03.html 806 807 # From Steffen Thorsen (2010-04-13): 808 # Several news media in Morocco report that the Ministry of Modernization 809 # of Public Sectors has announced that Morocco will have DST from 810 # 2010-05-02 to 2010-08-08. 811 # 812 # Example: 813 # http://www.lavieeco.com/actualites/4099-le-maroc-passera-a-l-heure-d-ete-gmt1-le-2-mai.html 814 # (French) 815 # Our page: 816 # https://www.timeanddate.com/news/time/morocco-starts-dst-2010.html 817 818 # From Dan Abitol (2011-03-30): 819 # ...Rules for Africa/Casablanca are the following (24h format) 820 # The 3rd April 2011 at 00:00:00, [it] will be 3rd April 01:00:00 821 # The 31st July 2011 at 00:59:59, [it] will be 31st July 00:00:00 822 # ...Official links of change in morocco 823 # The change was broadcast on the FM Radio 824 # I ve called ANRT (telecom regulations in Morocco) at 825 # +212.537.71.84.00 826 # http://www.anrt.net.ma/fr/ 827 # They said that 828 # http://www.map.ma/fr/sections/accueil/l_heure_legale_au_ma/view 829 # is the official publication to look at. 830 # They said that the decision was already taken. 831 # 832 # More articles in the press 833 # https://www.yabiladi.com/articles/details/5058/secret-l-heure-d-ete-maroc-leve.html 834 # http://www.lematin.ma/Actualite/Express/Article.asp?id=148923 835 # http://www.lavieeco.com/actualite/Le-Maroc-passe-sur-GMT%2B1-a-partir-de-dim 836 837 # From Petr Machata (2011-03-30): 838 # They have it written in English here: 839 # http://www.map.ma/eng/sections/home/morocco_to_spring_fo/view 840 # 841 # It says there that "Morocco will resume its standard time on July 31, 842 # 2011 at midnight." Now they don't say whether they mean midnight of 843 # wall clock time (i.e. 11pm UTC), but that's what I would assume. It has 844 # also been like that in the past. 845 846 # From Alexander Krivenyshev (2012-03-09): 847 # According to Infomdiaire web site from Morocco (infomediaire.ma), 848 # on March 9, 2012, (in French) Heure lgale: 849 # Le Maroc adopte officiellement l'heure d't 850 # http://www.infomediaire.ma/news/maroc/heure-l%C3%A9gale-le-maroc-adopte-officiellement-lheure-d%C3%A9t%C3%A9 851 # Governing Council adopted draft decree, that Morocco DST starts on 852 # the last Sunday of March (March 25, 2012) and ends on 853 # last Sunday of September (September 30, 2012) 854 # except the month of Ramadan. 855 # or (brief) 856 # http://www.worldtimezone.com/dst_news/dst_news_morocco06.html 857 858 # From Arthur David Olson (2012-03-10): 859 # The infomediaire.ma source indicates that the system is to be in 860 # effect every year. It gives 03H00 as the "fall back" time of day; 861 # it lacks a "spring forward" time of day; assume 2:00 XXX. 862 # Wait on specifying the Ramadan exception for details about 863 # start date, start time of day, end date, and end time of day XXX. 864 865 # From Christophe Tropamer (2012-03-16): 866 # Seen Morocco change again: 867 # http://www.le2uminutes.com/actualite.php 868 # "... partir du dernier dimanche d'avril et non fins mars, 869 # comme annonc prcdemment." 870 871 # From Milamber Space Network (2012-07-17): 872 # The official return to GMT is announced by the Moroccan government: 873 # http://www.mmsp.gov.ma/fr/actualites.aspx?id=288 [in French] 874 # 875 # Google translation, lightly edited: 876 # Back to the standard time of the Kingdom (GMT) 877 # Pursuant to Decree No. 2-12-126 issued on 26 Jumada (I) 1433 (April 18, 878 # 2012) and in accordance with the order of Mr. President of the 879 # Government No. 3-47-12 issued on 24 Sha'ban (11 July 2012), the Ministry 880 # of Public Service and Administration Modernization announces the return 881 # of the legal time of the Kingdom (GMT) from Friday, July 20, 2012 until 882 # Monday, August 20, 2012. So the time will be delayed by 60 minutes from 883 # 3:00 am Friday, July 20, 2012 and will again be advanced by 60 minutes 884 # August 20, 2012 from 2:00 am. 885 886 # From Paul Eggert (2013-03-06): 887 # Morocco's daylight-saving transitions due to Ramadan seem to be 888 # announced a bit in advance. On 2012-07-11 the Moroccan government 889 # announced that year's Ramadan daylight-saving transitions would be 890 # 2012-07-20 and 2012-08-20; see 891 # http://www.mmsp.gov.ma/fr/actualites.aspx?id=288 892 893 # From Andrew Paprocki (2013-07-02): 894 # Morocco announced that the year's Ramadan daylight-savings 895 # transitions would be 2013-07-07 and 2013-08-10; see: 896 # http://www.maroc.ma/en/news/morocco-suspends-daylight-saving-time-july-7-aug10 897 898 # From Steffen Thorsen (2013-09-28): 899 # Morocco extends DST by one month, on very short notice, just 1 day 900 # before it was going to end. There is a new decree (2.13.781) for 901 # this, where DST from now on goes from last Sunday of March at 02:00 902 # to last Sunday of October at 03:00, similar to EU rules. Official 903 # source (French): 904 # http://www.maroc.gov.ma/fr/actualites/lhoraire-dete-gmt1-maintenu-jusquau-27-octobre-2013 905 # Another source (specifying the time for start and end in the decree): 906 # http://www.lemag.ma/Heure-d-ete-au-Maroc-jusqu-au-27-octobre_a75620.html 907 908 # From Sebastien Willemijns (2014-03-18): 909 # http://www.afriquinfos.com/articles/2014/3/18/maroc-heure-dete-avancez-tous-horloges-247891.asp 910 911 # From Milamber Space Network (2014-06-05): 912 # The Moroccan government has recently announced that the country will return 913 # to standard time at 03:00 on Saturday, June 28, 2014 local time.... DST 914 # will resume again at 02:00 on Saturday, August 2, 2014.... 915 # http://www.mmsp.gov.ma/fr/actualites.aspx?id=586 916 917 # From Milamber (2015-06-08): 918 # (Google Translation) The hour will thus be delayed 60 minutes 919 # Sunday, June 14 at 3:00, the ministry said in a statement, adding 920 # that the time will be advanced again 60 minutes Sunday, July 19, 921 # 2015 at 2:00. The move comes under 2.12.126 Decree of 26 Jumada I 922 # 1433 (18 April 2012) and the decision of the Head of Government of 923 # 16 N. 3-29-15 Chaaban 1435 (4 June 2015). 924 # Source (french): 925 # https://lnt.ma/le-maroc-reculera-dune-heure-le-dimanche-14-juin/ 926 # 927 # From Milamber (2015-06-09): 928 # http://www.mmsp.gov.ma/fr/actualites.aspx?id=863 929 # 930 # From Michael Deckers (2015-06-09): 931 # [The gov.ma announcement] would (probably) make the switch on 2015-07-19 go 932 # from 03:00 to 04:00 rather than from 02:00 to 03:00, as in the patch.... 933 # I think the patch is correct and the quoted text is wrong; the text in 934 # <https://lnt.ma/le-maroc-reculera-dune-heure-le-dimanche-14-juin/> agrees 935 # with the patch. 936 937 # From Mohamed Essedik Najd (2018-10-26): 938 # Today, a Moroccan government council approved the perpetual addition 939 # of 60 minutes to the regular Moroccan timezone. 940 # From Matt Johnson (2018-10-28): 941 # http://www.sgg.gov.ma/Portals/1/BO/2018/BO_6720-bis_Ar.pdf 942 # 943 # From Maamar Abdelkader (2018-11-01): 944 # We usually move clocks back the previous week end and come back to the +1 945 # the week end after.... The government does not announce yet the decision 946 # about this temporary change. But it s 99% sure that it will be the case, 947 # as in previous years. An unofficial survey was done these days, showing 948 # that 64% of asked people are ok for moving from +1 to +0 during Ramadan. 949 # https://leconomiste.com/article/1035870-enquete-l-economiste-sunergia-64-des-marocains-plebiscitent-le-gmt-pendant-ramadan 950 951 # From Naoufal Semlali (2019-04-16): 952 # Morocco will be on GMT starting from Sunday, May 5th 2019 at 3am. 953 # The switch to GMT+1 will occur on Sunday, June 9th 2019 at 2am.... 954 # http://fr.le360.ma/societe/voici-la-date-du-retour-a-lheure-legale-au-maroc-188222 955 956 # From Semlali Naoufal (2020-04-14): 957 # Following the announcement by the Moroccan government, the switch to 958 # GMT time will take place on Sunday, April 19, 2020 from 3 a.m. and 959 # the return to GMT+1 time will take place on Sunday, May 31, 2020 at 2 a.m.... 960 # https://maroc-diplomatique.net/maroc-le-retour-a-lheure-gmt-est-prevu-dimanche-prochain/ 961 # http://aujourdhui.ma/actualite/gmt1-retour-a-lheure-normale-dimanche-prochain-1 962 # 963 # From Milamber (2020-05-31) 964 # In Morocco (where I live), the end of Ramadan (Arabic month) is followed by 965 # the Eid al-Fitr, and concretely it's 1 or 2 day offs for the people (with 966 # traditional visiting of family, big lunches/dinners, etc.). So for this 967 # year the astronomical calculations don't include the following 2 days off in 968 # the calc. These 2 days fall in a Sunday/Monday, so it's not acceptable by 969 # people to have a time shift during these 2 days off. Perhaps you can modify 970 # the (predicted) rules for next years: if the end of Ramadan is a (probable) 971 # Friday or Saturday (and so the 2 days off are on a weekend), the next time 972 # shift will be the next weekend. 973 # 974 # From Paul Eggert (2020-05-31): 975 # For now, guess that in the future Morocco will fall back at 03:00 976 # the last Sunday before Ramadan, and spring forward at 02:00 the 977 # first Sunday after two days after Ramadan. To implement this, 978 # transition dates and times for 2019 through 2087 were determined by 979 # running the following program under GNU Emacs 26.3. (This algorithm 980 # also produces the correct transition dates for 2016 through 2018, 981 # though the times differ due to Morocco's time zone change in 2018.) 982 # (let ((islamic-year 1440)) 983 # (require 'cal-islam) 984 # (while (< islamic-year 1511) 985 # (let ((a (calendar-islamic-to-absolute (list 9 1 islamic-year))) 986 # (b (+ 2 (calendar-islamic-to-absolute (list 10 1 islamic-year)))) 987 # (sunday 0)) 988 # (while (/= sunday (mod (setq a (1- a)) 7))) 989 # (while (/= sunday (mod b 7)) 990 # (setq b (1+ b))) 991 # (setq a (calendar-gregorian-from-absolute a)) 992 # (setq b (calendar-gregorian-from-absolute b)) 993 # (insert 994 # (format 995 # (concat "Rule\tMorocco\t%d\tonly\t-\t%s\t%2d\t 3:00\t-1:00\t-\n" 996 # "Rule\tMorocco\t%d\tonly\t-\t%s\t%2d\t 2:00\t0\t-\n") 997 # (car (cdr (cdr a))) (calendar-month-name (car a) t) (car (cdr a)) 998 # (car (cdr (cdr b))) (calendar-month-name (car b) t) (car (cdr b))))) 999 # (setq islamic-year (+ 1 islamic-year)))) 1000 # 1001 # From Milamber (2021-03-31, 2022-03-10), confirming these predictions: 1002 # https://www.mmsp.gov.ma/fr/actualites.aspx?id=2076 1003 # https://www.ecoactu.ma/horaires-administration-ramadan-gmtheure-gmt-a-partir-de-dimanche-27-mars/ 1004 1005 # Rule NAME FROM TO - IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S 1006 Rule Morocco 1939 only - Sep 12 0:00 1:00 - 1007 Rule Morocco 1939 only - Nov 19 0:00 0 - 1008 Rule Morocco 1940 only - Feb 25 0:00 1:00 - 1009 Rule Morocco 1945 only - Nov 18 0:00 0 - 1010 Rule Morocco 1950 only - Jun 11 0:00 1:00 - 1011 Rule Morocco 1950 only - Oct 29 0:00 0 - 1012 Rule Morocco 1967 only - Jun 3 12:00 1:00 - 1013 Rule Morocco 1967 only - Oct 1 0:00 0 - 1014 Rule Morocco 1974 only - Jun 24 0:00 1:00 - 1015 Rule Morocco 1974 only - Sep 1 0:00 0 - 1016 Rule Morocco 1976 1977 - May 1 0:00 1:00 - 1017 Rule Morocco 1976 only - Aug 1 0:00 0 - 1018 Rule Morocco 1977 only - Sep 28 0:00 0 - 1019 Rule Morocco 1978 only - Jun 1 0:00 1:00 - 1020 Rule Morocco 1978 only - Aug 4 0:00 0 - 1021 Rule Morocco 2008 only - Jun 1 0:00 1:00 - 1022 Rule Morocco 2008 only - Sep 1 0:00 0 - 1023 Rule Morocco 2009 only - Jun 1 0:00 1:00 - 1024 Rule Morocco 2009 only - Aug 21 0:00 0 - 1025 Rule Morocco 2010 only - May 2 0:00 1:00 - 1026 Rule Morocco 2010 only - Aug 8 0:00 0 - 1027 Rule Morocco 2011 only - Apr 3 0:00 1:00 - 1028 Rule Morocco 2011 only - Jul 31 0:00 0 - 1029 Rule Morocco 2012 2013 - Apr lastSun 2:00 1:00 - 1030 Rule Morocco 2012 only - Jul 20 3:00 0 - 1031 Rule Morocco 2012 only - Aug 20 2:00 1:00 - 1032 Rule Morocco 2012 only - Sep 30 3:00 0 - 1033 Rule Morocco 2013 only - Jul 7 3:00 0 - 1034 Rule Morocco 2013 only - Aug 10 2:00 1:00 - 1035 Rule Morocco 2013 2018 - Oct lastSun 3:00 0 - 1036 Rule Morocco 2014 2018 - Mar lastSun 2:00 1:00 - 1037 Rule Morocco 2014 only - Jun 28 3:00 0 - 1038 Rule Morocco 2014 only - Aug 2 2:00 1:00 - 1039 Rule Morocco 2015 only - Jun 14 3:00 0 - 1040 Rule Morocco 2015 only - Jul 19 2:00 1:00 - 1041 Rule Morocco 2016 only - Jun 5 3:00 0 - 1042 Rule Morocco 2016 only - Jul 10 2:00 1:00 - 1043 Rule Morocco 2017 only - May 21 3:00 0 - 1044 Rule Morocco 2017 only - Jul 2 2:00 1:00 - 1045 Rule Morocco 2018 only - May 13 3:00 0 - 1046 Rule Morocco 2018 only - Jun 17 2:00 1:00 - 1047 Rule Morocco 2019 only - May 5 3:00 -1:00 - 1048 Rule Morocco 2019 only - Jun 9 2:00 0 - 1049 Rule Morocco 2020 only - Apr 19 3:00 -1:00 - 1050 Rule Morocco 2020 only - May 31 2:00 0 - 1051 Rule Morocco 2021 only - Apr 11 3:00 -1:00 - 1052 Rule Morocco 2021 only - May 16 2:00 0 - 1053 Rule Morocco 2022 only - Mar 27 3:00 -1:00 - 1054 Rule Morocco 2022 only - May 8 2:00 0 - 1055 Rule Morocco 2023 only - Mar 19 3:00 -1:00 - 1056 Rule Morocco 2023 only - Apr 30 2:00 0 - 1057 Rule Morocco 2024 only - Mar 10 3:00 -1:00 - 1058 Rule Morocco 2024 only - Apr 14 2:00 0 - 1059 Rule Morocco 2025 only - Feb 23 3:00 -1:00 - 1060 Rule Morocco 2025 only - Apr 6 2:00 0 - 1061 Rule Morocco 2026 only - Feb 15 3:00 -1:00 - 1062 Rule Morocco 2026 only - Mar 22 2:00 0 - 1063 Rule Morocco 2027 only - Feb 7 3:00 -1:00 - 1064 Rule Morocco 2027 only - Mar 14 2:00 0 - 1065 Rule Morocco 2028 only - Jan 23 3:00 -1:00 - 1066 Rule Morocco 2028 only - Mar 5 2:00 0 - 1067 Rule Morocco 2029 only - Jan 14 3:00 -1:00 - 1068 Rule Morocco 2029 only - Feb 18 2:00 0 - 1069 Rule Morocco 2029 only - Dec 30 3:00 -1:00 - 1070 Rule Morocco 2030 only - Feb 10 2:00 0 - 1071 Rule Morocco 2030 only - Dec 22 3:00 -1:00 - 1072 Rule Morocco 2031 only - Feb 2 2:00 0 - 1073 Rule Morocco 2031 only - Dec 14 3:00 -1:00 - 1074 Rule Morocco 2032 only - Jan 18 2:00 0 - 1075 Rule Morocco 2032 only - Nov 28 3:00 -1:00 - 1076 Rule Morocco 2033 only - Jan 9 2:00 0 - 1077 Rule Morocco 2033 only - Nov 20 3:00 -1:00 - 1078 Rule Morocco 2033 only - Dec 25 2:00 0 - 1079 Rule Morocco 2034 only - Nov 5 3:00 -1:00 - 1080 Rule Morocco 2034 only - Dec 17 2:00 0 - 1081 Rule Morocco 2035 only - Oct 28 3:00 -1:00 - 1082 Rule Morocco 2035 only - Dec 9 2:00 0 - 1083 Rule Morocco 2036 only - Oct 19 3:00 -1:00 - 1084 Rule Morocco 2036 only - Nov 23 2:00 0 - 1085 Rule Morocco 2037 only - Oct 4 3:00 -1:00 - 1086 Rule Morocco 2037 only - Nov 15 2:00 0 - 1087 Rule Morocco 2038 only - Sep 26 3:00 -1:00 - 1088 Rule Morocco 2038 only - Nov 7 2:00 0 - 1089 Rule Morocco 2039 only - Sep 18 3:00 -1:00 - 1090 Rule Morocco 2039 only - Oct 23 2:00 0 - 1091 Rule Morocco 2040 only - Sep 2 3:00 -1:00 - 1092 Rule Morocco 2040 only - Oct 14 2:00 0 - 1093 Rule Morocco 2041 only - Aug 25 3:00 -1:00 - 1094 Rule Morocco 2041 only - Sep 29 2:00 0 - 1095 Rule Morocco 2042 only - Aug 10 3:00 -1:00 - 1096 Rule Morocco 2042 only - Sep 21 2:00 0 - 1097 Rule Morocco 2043 only - Aug 2 3:00 -1:00 - 1098 Rule Morocco 2043 only - Sep 13 2:00 0 - 1099 Rule Morocco 2044 only - Jul 24 3:00 -1:00 - 1100 Rule Morocco 2044 only - Aug 28 2:00 0 - 1101 Rule Morocco 2045 only - Jul 9 3:00 -1:00 - 1102 Rule Morocco 2045 only - Aug 20 2:00 0 - 1103 Rule Morocco 2046 only - Jul 1 3:00 -1:00 - 1104 Rule Morocco 2046 only - Aug 12 2:00 0 - 1105 Rule Morocco 2047 only - Jun 23 3:00 -1:00 - 1106 Rule Morocco 2047 only - Jul 28 2:00 0 - 1107 Rule Morocco 2048 only - Jun 7 3:00 -1:00 - 1108 Rule Morocco 2048 only - Jul 19 2:00 0 - 1109 Rule Morocco 2049 only - May 30 3:00 -1:00 - 1110 Rule Morocco 2049 only - Jul 4 2:00 0 - 1111 Rule Morocco 2050 only - May 15 3:00 -1:00 - 1112 Rule Morocco 2050 only - Jun 26 2:00 0 - 1113 Rule Morocco 2051 only - May 7 3:00 -1:00 - 1114 Rule Morocco 2051 only - Jun 18 2:00 0 - 1115 Rule Morocco 2052 only - Apr 28 3:00 -1:00 - 1116 Rule Morocco 2052 only - Jun 2 2:00 0 - 1117 Rule Morocco 2053 only - Apr 13 3:00 -1:00 - 1118 Rule Morocco 2053 only - May 25 2:00 0 - 1119 Rule Morocco 2054 only - Apr 5 3:00 -1:00 - 1120 Rule Morocco 2054 only - May 17 2:00 0 - 1121 Rule Morocco 2055 only - Mar 28 3:00 -1:00 - 1122 Rule Morocco 2055 only - May 2 2:00 0 - 1123 Rule Morocco 2056 only - Mar 12 3:00 -1:00 - 1124 Rule Morocco 2056 only - Apr 23 2:00 0 - 1125 Rule Morocco 2057 only - Mar 4 3:00 -1:00 - 1126 Rule Morocco 2057 only - Apr 8 2:00 0 - 1127 Rule Morocco 2058 only - Feb 17 3:00 -1:00 - 1128 Rule Morocco 2058 only - Mar 31 2:00 0 - 1129 Rule Morocco 2059 only - Feb 9 3:00 -1:00 - 1130 Rule Morocco 2059 only - Mar 23 2:00 0 - 1131 Rule Morocco 2060 only - Feb 1 3:00 -1:00 - 1132 Rule Morocco 2060 only - Mar 7 2:00 0 - 1133 Rule Morocco 2061 only - Jan 16 3:00 -1:00 - 1134 Rule Morocco 2061 only - Feb 27 2:00 0 - 1135 Rule Morocco 2062 only - Jan 8 3:00 -1:00 - 1136 Rule Morocco 2062 only - Feb 19 2:00 0 - 1137 Rule Morocco 2062 only - Dec 31 3:00 -1:00 - 1138 Rule Morocco 2063 only - Feb 4 2:00 0 - 1139 Rule Morocco 2063 only - Dec 16 3:00 -1:00 - 1140 Rule Morocco 2064 only - Jan 27 2:00 0 - 1141 Rule Morocco 2064 only - Dec 7 3:00 -1:00 - 1142 Rule Morocco 2065 only - Jan 11 2:00 0 - 1143 Rule Morocco 2065 only - Nov 22 3:00 -1:00 - 1144 Rule Morocco 2066 only - Jan 3 2:00 0 - 1145 Rule Morocco 2066 only - Nov 14 3:00 -1:00 - 1146 Rule Morocco 2066 only - Dec 26 2:00 0 - 1147 Rule Morocco 2067 only - Nov 6 3:00 -1:00 - 1148 Rule Morocco 2067 only - Dec 11 2:00 0 - 1149 Rule Morocco 2068 only - Oct 21 3:00 -1:00 - 1150 Rule Morocco 2068 only - Dec 2 2:00 0 - 1151 Rule Morocco 2069 only - Oct 13 3:00 -1:00 - 1152 Rule Morocco 2069 only - Nov 24 2:00 0 - 1153 Rule Morocco 2070 only - Oct 5 3:00 -1:00 - 1154 Rule Morocco 2070 only - Nov 9 2:00 0 - 1155 Rule Morocco 2071 only - Sep 20 3:00 -1:00 - 1156 Rule Morocco 2071 only - Nov 1 2:00 0 - 1157 Rule Morocco 2072 only - Sep 11 3:00 -1:00 - 1158 Rule Morocco 2072 only - Oct 16 2:00 0 - 1159 Rule Morocco 2073 only - Aug 27 3:00 -1:00 - 1160 Rule Morocco 2073 only - Oct 8 2:00 0 - 1161 Rule Morocco 2074 only - Aug 19 3:00 -1:00 - 1162 Rule Morocco 2074 only - Sep 30 2:00 0 - 1163 Rule Morocco 2075 only - Aug 11 3:00 -1:00 - 1164 Rule Morocco 2075 only - Sep 15 2:00 0 - 1165 Rule Morocco 2076 only - Jul 26 3:00 -1:00 - 1166 Rule Morocco 2076 only - Sep 6 2:00 0 - 1167 Rule Morocco 2077 only - Jul 18 3:00 -1:00 - 1168 Rule Morocco 2077 only - Aug 29 2:00 0 - 1169 Rule Morocco 2078 only - Jul 10 3:00 -1:00 - 1170 Rule Morocco 2078 only - Aug 14 2:00 0 - 1171 Rule Morocco 2079 only - Jun 25 3:00 -1:00 - 1172 Rule Morocco 2079 only - Aug 6 2:00 0 - 1173 Rule Morocco 2080 only - Jun 16 3:00 -1:00 - 1174 Rule Morocco 2080 only - Jul 21 2:00 0 - 1175 Rule Morocco 2081 only - Jun 1 3:00 -1:00 - 1176 Rule Morocco 2081 only - Jul 13 2:00 0 - 1177 Rule Morocco 2082 only - May 24 3:00 -1:00 - 1178 Rule Morocco 2082 only - Jul 5 2:00 0 - 1179 Rule Morocco 2083 only - May 16 3:00 -1:00 - 1180 Rule Morocco 2083 only - Jun 20 2:00 0 - 1181 Rule Morocco 2084 only - Apr 30 3:00 -1:00 - 1182 Rule Morocco 2084 only - Jun 11 2:00 0 - 1183 Rule Morocco 2085 only - Apr 22 3:00 -1:00 - 1184 Rule Morocco 2085 only - Jun 3 2:00 0 - 1185 Rule Morocco 2086 only - Apr 14 3:00 -1:00 - 1186 Rule Morocco 2086 only - May 19 2:00 0 - 1187 Rule Morocco 2087 only - Mar 30 3:00 -1:00 - 1188 Rule Morocco 2087 only - May 11 2:00 0 - 1189 # For dates after the somewhat-arbitrary cutoff of 2087, assume that 1190 # Morocco will no longer observe DST. At some point this table will 1191 # need to be extended, though quite possibly Morocco will change the 1192 # rules first. 1193 1194 # Zone NAME STDOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] 1195 Zone Africa/Casablanca -0:30:20 - LMT 1913 Oct 26 1196 0:00 Morocco +00/+01 1984 Mar 16 1197 1:00 - +01 1986 1198 0:00 Morocco +00/+01 2018 Oct 28 3:00 1199 1:00 Morocco +01/+00 1200 1201 # Western Sahara 1202 # 1203 # From Gwillim Law (2013-10-22): 1204 # A correspondent who is usually well informed about time zone matters 1205 # ... says that Western Sahara observes daylight saving time, just as 1206 # Morocco does. 1207 # 1208 # From Paul Eggert (2013-10-23): 1209 # Assume that this has been true since Western Sahara switched to GMT, 1210 # since most of it was then controlled by Morocco. 1211 1212 Zone Africa/El_Aaiun -0:52:48 - LMT 1934 Jan # El Aain 1213 -1:00 - -01 1976 Apr 14 1214 0:00 Morocco +00/+01 2018 Oct 28 3:00 1215 1:00 Morocco +01/+00 1216 1217 # Mozambique 1218 # 1219 # Shanks gives 1903-03-01 for the transition to CAT. 1220 # Perhaps the 1911-05-26 Portuguese decree 1221 # https://dre.pt/pdf1sdip/1911/05/12500/23132313.pdf 1222 # merely made it official? 1223 # 1224 # Zone NAME STDOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] 1225 Zone Africa/Maputo 2:10:20 - LMT 1903 Mar 1226 2:00 - CAT 1227 1228 1229 # Namibia 1230 1231 # From Arthur David Olson (2017-08-09): 1232 # The text of the "Namibia Time Act, 1994" is available online at 1233 # www.lac.org.na/laws/1994/811.pdf 1234 # and includes this nugget: 1235 # Notwithstanding the provisions of subsection (2) of section 1, the 1236 # first winter period after the commencement of this Act shall 1237 # commence at OOhOO on Monday 21 March 1994 and shall end at 02h00 on 1238 # Sunday 4 September 1994. 1239 1240 # From Michael Deckers (2017-04-06): 1241 # ... both summer and winter time are called "standard" 1242 # (which differs from the use in Ireland) ... 1243 1244 # From Petronella Sibeene (2007-03-30): 1245 # http://allafrica.com/stories/200703300178.html 1246 # While the entire country changes its time, Katima Mulilo and other 1247 # settlements in Caprivi unofficially will not because the sun there 1248 # rises and sets earlier compared to other regions. Chief of 1249 # Forecasting Riaan van Zyl explained that the far eastern parts of 1250 # the country are close to 40 minutes earlier in sunrise than the rest 1251 # of the country. 1252 # 1253 # From Paul Eggert (2017-02-22): 1254 # Although the Zambezi Region (formerly known as Caprivi) informally 1255 # observes Botswana time, we have no details about historical practice. 1256 # In the meantime people there can use Africa/Gaborone. 1257 # See: Immanuel S. The Namibian. 2017-02-23. 1258 # https://www.namibian.com.na/51480/read/Time-change-divides-lawmakers 1259 1260 # From Steffen Thorsen (2017-08-09): 1261 # Namibia is going to change their time zone to what is now their DST: 1262 # https://www.newera.com.na/2017/02/23/namibias-winter-time-might-be-repealed/ 1263 # This video is from the government decision: 1264 # https://www.nbc.na/news/na-passes-namibia-time-bill-repealing-1994-namibia-time-act.8665 1265 # We have made the assumption so far that they will change their time zone at 1266 # the same time they would normally start DST, the first Sunday in September: 1267 # https://www.timeanddate.com/news/time/namibia-new-time-zone.html 1268 1269 # From Paul Eggert (2017-04-09): 1270 # Before the change, summer and winter time were both standard time legally. 1271 # However in common parlance, winter time was considered to be DST. See, e.g.: 1272 # http://www.nbc.na/news/namibias-winter-time-could-be-scrapped.2706 1273 # https://zone.my.na/news/times-are-changing-in-namibia 1274 # https://www.newera.com.na/2017/02/23/namibias-winter-time-might-be-repealed/ 1275 # Use plain "WAT" and "CAT" for the time zone abbreviations, to be compatible 1276 # with Namibia's neighbors. 1277 1278 # Rule NAME FROM TO - IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S 1279 # Vanguard section, for zic and other parsers that support negative DST. 1280 Rule Namibia 1994 only - Mar 21 0:00 -1:00 WAT 1281 Rule Namibia 1994 2017 - Sep Sun>=1 2:00 0 CAT 1282 Rule Namibia 1995 2017 - Apr Sun>=1 2:00 -1:00 WAT 1283 # Rearguard section, for parsers lacking negative DST; see ziguard.awk. 1284 #Rule Namibia 1994 only - Mar 21 0:00 0 WAT 1285 #Rule Namibia 1994 2017 - Sep Sun>=1 2:00 1:00 CAT 1286 #Rule Namibia 1995 2017 - Apr Sun>=1 2:00 0 WAT 1287 # End of rearguard section. 1288 1289 # Zone NAME STDOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] 1290 Zone Africa/Windhoek 1:08:24 - LMT 1892 Feb 8 1291 1:30 - +0130 1903 Mar 1292 2:00 - SAST 1942 Sep 20 2:00 1293 2:00 1:00 SAST 1943 Mar 21 2:00 1294 2:00 - SAST 1990 Mar 21 # independence 1295 # Vanguard section, for zic and other parsers that support negative DST. 1296 2:00 Namibia %s 1297 # Rearguard section, for parsers lacking negative DST; see ziguard.awk. 1298 # 2:00 - CAT 1994 Mar 21 0:00 1299 # From Paul Eggert (2017-04-07): 1300 # The official date of the 2017 rule change was 2017-10-24. See: 1301 # http://www.lac.org.na/laws/annoSTAT/Namibian%20Time%20Act%209%20of%202017.pdf 1302 # 1:00 Namibia %s 2017 Oct 24 1303 # 2:00 - CAT 1304 # End of rearguard section. 1305 1306 # Niger 1307 # Zone NAME STDOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] 1308 Zone Africa/Niamey 0:08:28 - LMT 1912 1309 -1:00 - -01 1934 Feb 26 1310 0:00 - GMT 1960 1311 1:00 - WAT 1312 1313 # Nigeria 1314 1315 # From P Chan (2020-12-03): 1316 # GMT was adopted as the standard time of Lagos on 1905-07-01. 1317 # Lagos Weekly Record, 1905-06-24, p 3 1318 # http://ddsnext.crl.edu/titles/31558#?c=0&m=668&s=0&cv=2&r=0&xywh=1446%2C5221%2C1931%2C1235 1319 # says "It is officially notified that on and after the 1st of July 1905 1320 # Greenwich Mean Solar Time will be adopted thought the Colony and 1321 # Protectorate, and that it will be necessary to put all clocks 13 minutes and 1322 # 35 seconds back, recording local mean time." 1323 # 1324 # It seemed that Lagos returned to LMT on 1908-07-01. 1325 # [The Lagos Standard], 1908-07-01, p 5 1326 # http://ddsnext.crl.edu/titles/31556#?c=0&m=78&s=0&cv=4&r=0&xywh=-92%2C3590%2C3944%2C2523 1327 # says "Scarcely have the people become accustomed to this new time, when 1328 # another official notice has now appeared announcing that from and after the 1329 # 1st July next, return will be made to local mean time." 1330 # 1331 # From P Chan (2020-11-27): 1332 # On 1914-01-01, standard time of GMT+0:30 was adopted for the unified Nigeria. 1333 # Colonial Reports - Annual. No. 878. Nigeria. Report for 1914. (April 1916), 1334 # p 27 1335 # https://libsysdigi.library.illinois.edu/ilharvest/Africana/Books2011-05/3064634/3064634_1914/3064634_1914_opt.pdf#page=27 1336 # "On January 1st [1914], a universal standard time for Nigeria was adopted, 1337 # viz., half an hour fast on Greenwich mean time, corresponding to the meridian 1338 # 7 [degrees] 30' E. long." 1339 # Lloyd's Register of Shipping (1915) says "Hitherto the time observed in Lagos 1340 # was the local mean time. On 1st January, 1914, standard time for the whole of 1341 # Nigeria was introduced ... Lagos time has been advanced about 16 minutes 1342 # accordingly." 1343 # 1344 # In 1919, standard time was changed to GMT+1. 1345 # Interpretation Ordinance (Cap 2) 1346 # The Laws of Nigeria, Containing the Ordinances of Nigeria, in Force on the 1347 # 1st Day of January, 1923, Vol.I [p 16] 1348 # https://books.google.com/books?id=BOMrAQAAMAAJ&pg=PA16 1349 # "The expression 'Standard time' means standard time as used in Nigeria: 1350 # namely, 60 minutes in advance of Greenwich mean time. (As amended by 18 of 1351 # 1919, s. 2.)" 1352 # From Tim Parenti (2020-12-10): 1353 # The Lagos Weekly Record, 1919-09-20, p 3 details discussion on the first 1354 # reading of this Bill by the Legislative Council of the Colony of Nigeria on 1355 # Thursday 1919-08-28: 1356 # http://ddsnext.crl.edu/titles/31558?terms&item_id=303484#?m=1118&c=1&s=0&cv=2&r=0&xywh=1261%2C3408%2C2994%2C1915 1357 # "The proposal is that the Globe should be divided into twelve zones East and 1358 # West of Greenwich, of one hour each, Nigeria falling into the zone with a 1359 # standard of one hour fast on Greenwich Mean Time. Nigeria standard time is 1360 # now 30 minutes in advance of Greenwich Mean Time ... according to the new 1361 # proposal, standard time will be advanced another 30 minutes". It was further 1362 # proposed that the firing of the time guns likewise be adjusted by 30 minutes 1363 # to compensate. 1364 # From Tim Parenti (2020-12-10), per P Chan (2020-12-11): 1365 # The text of Ordinance 18 of 1919, published in Nigeria Gazette, Vol 6, No 52, 1366 # shows that the change was assented to the following day and took effect "on 1367 # the 1st day of September, 1919." 1368 # Nigeria Gazette and Supplements 1919 Jan-Dec, Reference: 73266B-40, 1369 # img 245-246 1370 # https://microform.digital/boa/collections/77/volumes/539/nigeria-lagos-1887-1919 1371 1372 # Zone NAME STDOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] 1373 Zone Africa/Lagos 0:13:35 - LMT 1905 Jul 1 1374 0:00 - GMT 1908 Jul 1 1375 0:13:35 - LMT 1914 Jan 1 1376 0:30 - +0030 1919 Sep 1 1377 1:00 - WAT 1378 1379 # Runion 1380 # Zone NAME STDOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] 1381 Zone Indian/Reunion 3:41:52 - LMT 1911 Jun # Saint-Denis 1382 4:00 - +04 1383 # 1384 # Scattered Islands (les parses) administered from Runion are as follows. 1385 # The following information about them is taken from 1386 # les parses (<http://www.outre-mer.gouv.fr/domtom/ile.htm>, 1997-07-22, 1387 # in French; no longer available as of 1999-08-17). 1388 # We have no info about their time zone histories. 1389 # 1390 # Bassas da India - uninhabited 1391 # Europa Island - inhabited from 1905 to 1910 by two families 1392 # Glorioso Is - inhabited until at least 1958 1393 # Juan de Nova - uninhabited 1394 # Tromelin - inhabited until at least 1958 1395 1396 # 1397 # The Crozet Islands also observe Runion time; see the 'antarctica' file. 1398 1399 # Rwanda 1400 # Zone NAME STDOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] 1401 Zone Africa/Kigali 2:00:16 - LMT 1935 Jun 1402 2:00 - CAT 1403 1404 # St Helena 1405 # Zone NAME STDOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] 1406 Zone Atlantic/St_Helena -0:22:48 - LMT 1890 # Jamestown 1407 -0:22:48 - JMT 1951 # Jamestown Mean Time 1408 0:00 - GMT 1409 1410 # The other parts of the St Helena territory are similar: 1411 # Tristan da Cunha: on GMT, say Whitman and the CIA 1412 # Ascension: on GMT, say the USNO (1995-12-21) and the CIA 1413 # Gough (scientific station since 1955; sealers wintered previously): 1414 # on GMT, says the CIA 1415 # Inaccessible, Nightingale: uninhabited 1416 1417 # So Tom and Prncipe 1418 1419 # See Europe/Lisbon for info about the 1912 transition. 1420 1421 # From Steffen Thorsen (2018-01-08): 1422 # Multiple sources tell that So Tom changed from UTC to UTC+1 as 1423 # they entered the year 2018. 1424 # From Michael Deckers (2018-01-08): 1425 # the switch is from 01:00 to 02:00 ... [Decree No. 25/2017] 1426 # http://www.mnec.gov.st/index.php/publicacoes/documentos/file/90-decreto-lei-n-25-2017 1427 1428 # From Vadim Nasardinov (2018-12-29): 1429 # So Tom and Prncipe is about to do the following on Jan 1, 2019: 1430 # https://www.stp-press.st/2018/12/05/governo-jesus-ja-decidiu-repor-hora-legal-sao-tomense/ 1431 # 1432 # From Michael Deckers (2018-12-30): 1433 # https://www.legis-palop.org/download.jsp?idFile=102818 1434 # ... [The legal time of the country, which coincides with universal 1435 # coordinated time, will be reinstituted at 2 o'clock on day 1 of January, 2019.] 1436 1437 Zone Africa/Sao_Tome 0:26:56 - LMT 1884 1438 #STDOFF -0:36:44.68 1439 -0:36:45 - LMT 1912 Jan 1 00:00u # Lisbon MT 1440 0:00 - GMT 2018 Jan 1 01:00 1441 1:00 - WAT 2019 Jan 1 02:00 1442 0:00 - GMT 1443 1444 # Senegal 1445 # Zone NAME STDOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] 1446 Zone Africa/Dakar -1:09:44 - LMT 1912 1447 -1:00 - -01 1941 Jun 1448 0:00 - GMT 1449 1450 # Seychelles 1451 # Zone NAME STDOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] 1452 Zone Indian/Mahe 3:41:48 - LMT 1907 Jan 1 # Victoria 1453 4:00 - +04 1454 # From Paul Eggert (2001-05-30): 1455 # Aldabra, Farquhar, and Desroches, originally dependencies of the 1456 # Seychelles, were transferred to the British Indian Ocean Territory 1457 # in 1965 and returned to Seychelles control in 1976. We don't know 1458 # whether this affected their time zone, so omit this for now. 1459 # Possibly the islands were uninhabited. 1460 1461 # Sierra Leone 1462 # Rule NAME FROM TO - IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S 1463 Rule SL 1932 only - Dec 1 0:00 0:20 -0040 1464 Rule SL 1933 1938 - Mar 31 24:00 0 -01 1465 Rule SL 1933 1939 - Aug 31 24:00 0:20 -0040 1466 Rule SL 1939 only - May 31 24:00 0 -01 1467 1468 # Zone NAME STDOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] 1469 Zone Africa/Freetown -0:53:00 - LMT 1882 1470 -0:53:00 - FMT 1913 Jul 1 # Freetown MT 1471 -1:00 SL %s 1939 Sep 5 1472 -1:00 - -01 1941 Dec 6 24:00 1473 0:00 - GMT 1474 1475 # Somalia 1476 # Zone NAME STDOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] 1477 Zone Africa/Mogadishu 3:01:28 - LMT 1893 Nov 1478 3:00 - EAT 1931 1479 2:30 - +0230 1957 1480 3:00 - EAT 1481 1482 # South Africa 1483 # Rule NAME FROM TO - IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S 1484 Rule SA 1942 1943 - Sep Sun>=15 2:00 1:00 - 1485 Rule SA 1943 1944 - Mar Sun>=15 2:00 0 - 1486 # Zone NAME STDOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] 1487 Zone Africa/Johannesburg 1:52:00 - LMT 1892 Feb 8 1488 1:30 - SAST 1903 Mar 1489 2:00 SA SAST 1490 # 1491 # Marion and Prince Edward Is 1492 # scientific station since 1947 1493 # no information 1494 1495 # Sudan 1496 1497 # From <http://www.sunanews.net/sn13jane.html> 1498 # Sudan News Agency (2000-01-13), 1499 # also reported by Michal De Beukelaer-Dossche via Steffen Thorsen: 1500 # Clocks will be moved ahead for 60 minutes all over the Sudan as of noon 1501 # Saturday.... This was announced Thursday by Caretaker State Minister for 1502 # Manpower Abdul-Rahman Nur-Eddin. 1503 1504 # From Ahmed Atyya, National Telecommunications Corp. (NTC), Sudan (2017-10-17): 1505 # ... the Republic of Sudan is going to change the time zone from (GMT+3:00) 1506 # to (GMT+ 2:00) starting from Wednesday 1 November 2017. 1507 # 1508 # From Paul Eggert (2017-10-18): 1509 # A scanned copy (in Arabic) of Cabinet Resolution No. 352 for the 1510 # year 2017 can be found as an attachment in email today from Yahia 1511 # Abdalla of NTC, archived at: 1512 # https://mm.icann.org/pipermail/tz/2017-October/025333.html 1513 1514 # Rule NAME FROM TO - IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S 1515 Rule Sudan 1970 only - May 1 0:00 1:00 S 1516 Rule Sudan 1970 1985 - Oct 15 0:00 0 - 1517 Rule Sudan 1971 only - Apr 30 0:00 1:00 S 1518 Rule Sudan 1972 1985 - Apr lastSun 0:00 1:00 S 1519 # Zone NAME STDOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] 1520 Zone Africa/Khartoum 2:10:08 - LMT 1931 1521 2:00 Sudan CA%sT 2000 Jan 15 12:00 1522 3:00 - EAT 2017 Nov 1 1523 2:00 - CAT 1524 1525 # South Sudan 1526 1527 # From Steffen Thorsen (2021-01-18): 1528 # "South Sudan will change its time zone by setting the clock back 1 1529 # hour on February 1, 2021...." 1530 # from https://eyeradio.org/south-sudan-adopts-new-time-zone-makuei/ 1531 1532 # Zone NAME STDOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] 1533 Zone Africa/Juba 2:06:28 - LMT 1931 1534 2:00 Sudan CA%sT 2000 Jan 15 12:00 1535 3:00 - EAT 2021 Feb 1 00:00 1536 2:00 - CAT 1537 1538 # Tanzania 1539 # Zone NAME STDOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] 1540 Zone Africa/Dar_es_Salaam 2:37:08 - LMT 1931 1541 3:00 - EAT 1948 1542 2:45 - +0245 1961 1543 3:00 - EAT 1544 1545 # Togo 1546 # Zone NAME STDOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] 1547 Zone Africa/Lome 0:04:52 - LMT 1893 1548 0:00 - GMT 1549 1550 # Tunisia 1551 1552 # From Gwillim Law (2005-04-30): 1553 # My correspondent, Risto Nyknen, has alerted me to another adoption of DST, 1554 # this time in Tunisia. According to Yahoo France News 1555 # <http://fr.news.yahoo.com/050426/5/4dumk.html>, in a story attributed to AP 1556 # and dated 2005-04-26, "Tunisia has decided to advance its official time by 1557 # one hour, starting on Sunday, May 1. Henceforth, Tunisian time will be 1558 # UTC+2 instead of UTC+1. The change will take place at 23:00 UTC next 1559 # Saturday." (My translation) 1560 # 1561 # From Oscar van Vlijmen (2005-05-02): 1562 # La Presse, the first national daily newspaper ... 1563 # http://www.lapresse.tn/archives/archives280405/actualites/lheure.html 1564 # ... DST for 2005: on: Sun May 1 0h standard time, off: Fri Sept. 30, 1565 # 1h standard time. 1566 # 1567 # From Atef Loukil (2006-03-28): 1568 # The daylight saving time will be the same each year: 1569 # Beginning : the last Sunday of March at 02:00 1570 # Ending : the last Sunday of October at 03:00 ... 1571 # http://www.tap.info.tn/en/index.php?option=com_content&task=view&id=1188&Itemid=50 1572 1573 # From Steffen Thorsen (2009-03-16): 1574 # According to several news sources, Tunisia will not observe DST this year. 1575 # (Arabic) 1576 # http://www.elbashayer.com/?page=viewn&nid=42546 1577 # https://www.babnet.net/kiwidetail-15295.asp 1578 # 1579 # We have also confirmed this with the US embassy in Tunisia. 1580 # We have a wrap-up about this on the following page: 1581 # https://www.timeanddate.com/news/time/tunisia-cancels-dst-2009.html 1582 1583 # From Alexander Krivenyshev (2009-03-17): 1584 # Here is a link to Tunis Afrique Presse News Agency 1585 # 1586 # Standard time to be kept the whole year long (tap.info.tn): 1587 # 1588 # (in English) 1589 # http://www.tap.info.tn/en/index.php?option=com_content&task=view&id=26813&Itemid=157 1590 # 1591 # (in Arabic) 1592 # http://www.tap.info.tn/ar/index.php?option=com_content&task=view&id=61240&Itemid=1 1593 1594 # From Arthur David Olson (2009-03-18): 1595 # The Tunis Afrique Presse News Agency notice contains this: "This measure is 1596 # due to the fact that the fasting month of Ramadan coincides with the period 1597 # concerned by summer time. Therefore, the standard time will be kept 1598 # unchanged the whole year long." So foregoing DST seems to be an exception 1599 # (albeit one that may be repeated in the future). 1600 1601 # From Alexander Krivenyshev (2010-03-27): 1602 # According to some news reports Tunis confirmed not to use DST in 2010 1603 # 1604 # (translation): 1605 # "The Tunisian government has decided to abandon DST, which was scheduled on 1606 # Sunday... 1607 # Tunisian authorities had suspended the DST for the first time last year also 1608 # coincided with the month of Ramadan..." 1609 # 1610 # (in Arabic) 1611 # http://www.moheet.com/show_news.aspx?nid=358861&pg=1 1612 # http://www.almadenahnews.com/newss/news.php?c=118&id=38036 1613 # http://www.worldtimezone.com/dst_news/dst_news_tunis02.html 1614 1615 # Rule NAME FROM TO - IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S 1616 Rule Tunisia 1939 only - Apr 15 23:00s 1:00 S 1617 Rule Tunisia 1939 only - Nov 18 23:00s 0 - 1618 Rule Tunisia 1940 only - Feb 25 23:00s 1:00 S 1619 Rule Tunisia 1941 only - Oct 6 0:00 0 - 1620 Rule Tunisia 1942 only - Mar 9 0:00 1:00 S 1621 Rule Tunisia 1942 only - Nov 2 3:00 0 - 1622 Rule Tunisia 1943 only - Mar 29 2:00 1:00 S 1623 Rule Tunisia 1943 only - Apr 17 2:00 0 - 1624 Rule Tunisia 1943 only - Apr 25 2:00 1:00 S 1625 Rule Tunisia 1943 only - Oct 4 2:00 0 - 1626 Rule Tunisia 1944 1945 - Apr Mon>=1 2:00 1:00 S 1627 Rule Tunisia 1944 only - Oct 8 0:00 0 - 1628 Rule Tunisia 1945 only - Sep 16 0:00 0 - 1629 Rule Tunisia 1977 only - Apr 30 0:00s 1:00 S 1630 Rule Tunisia 1977 only - Sep 24 0:00s 0 - 1631 Rule Tunisia 1978 only - May 1 0:00s 1:00 S 1632 Rule Tunisia 1978 only - Oct 1 0:00s 0 - 1633 Rule Tunisia 1988 only - Jun 1 0:00s 1:00 S 1634 Rule Tunisia 1988 1990 - Sep lastSun 0:00s 0 - 1635 Rule Tunisia 1989 only - Mar 26 0:00s 1:00 S 1636 Rule Tunisia 1990 only - May 1 0:00s 1:00 S 1637 Rule Tunisia 2005 only - May 1 0:00s 1:00 S 1638 Rule Tunisia 2005 only - Sep 30 1:00s 0 - 1639 Rule Tunisia 2006 2008 - Mar lastSun 2:00s 1:00 S 1640 Rule Tunisia 2006 2008 - Oct lastSun 2:00s 0 - 1641 1642 # See Europe/Paris commentary for PMT-related transitions. 1643 # Zone NAME STDOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] 1644 Zone Africa/Tunis 0:40:44 - LMT 1881 May 12 1645 0:09:21 - PMT 1911 Mar 11 # Paris Mean Time 1646 1:00 Tunisia CE%sT 1647 1648 # Uganda 1649 # Zone NAME STDOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] 1650 Zone Africa/Kampala 2:09:40 - LMT 1928 Jul 1651 3:00 - EAT 1930 1652 2:30 - +0230 1948 1653 2:45 - +0245 1957 1654 3:00 - EAT 1655 1656 # Zambia 1657 # Zone NAME STDOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] 1658 Zone Africa/Lusaka 1:53:08 - LMT 1903 Mar 1659 2:00 - CAT 1660 1661 # Zimbabwe 1662 # Zone NAME STDOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] 1663 Zone Africa/Harare 2:04:12 - LMT 1903 Mar 1664 2:00 - CAT 1665 1666
Indexes created Sun May 03 00:22:47 UTC 2026