africa revision 1.1.1.11.4.3
1 # This file is in the public domain, so clarified as of 2 # 2009-05-17 by Arthur David Olson. 3 4 # This file is by no means authoritative; if you think you know better, 5 # go ahead and edit the file (and please send any changes to 6 # tz (a] iana.org for general use in the future). For more, please see 7 # the file CONTRIBUTING in the tz distribution. 8 9 # From Paul Eggert (2017-02-20): 10 # 11 # Unless otherwise specified, the source for data through 1990 is: 12 # Thomas G. Shanks and Rique Pottenger, The International Atlas (6th edition), 13 # San Diego: ACS Publications, Inc. (2003). 14 # Unfortunately this book contains many errors and cites no sources. 15 # 16 # Many years ago Gwillim Law wrote that a good source 17 # for time zone data was the International Air Transport 18 # Association's Standard Schedules Information Manual (IATA SSIM), 19 # published semiannually. Law sent in several helpful summaries 20 # of the IATA's data after 1990. Except where otherwise noted, 21 # IATA SSIM is the source for entries after 1990. 22 # 23 # Another source occasionally used is Edward W. Whitman, World Time Differences, 24 # Whitman Publishing Co, 2 Niagara Av, Ealing, London (undated), which 25 # I found in the UCLA library. 26 # 27 # For data circa 1899, a common source is: 28 # Milne J. Civil time. Geogr J. 1899 Feb;13(2):173-94. 29 # https://www.jstor.org/stable/1774359 30 # 31 # A reliable and entertaining source about time zones is 32 # Derek Howse, Greenwich time and longitude, Philip Wilson Publishers (1997). 33 # 34 # European-style abbreviations are commonly used along the Mediterranean. 35 # For sub-Saharan Africa abbreviations were less standardized. 36 # Previous editions of this database used WAT, CAT, SAT, and EAT 37 # for UT +00 through +03, respectively, 38 # but in 1997 Mark R V Murray reported that 39 # 'SAST' is the official abbreviation for +02 in the country of South Africa, 40 # 'CAT' is commonly used for +02 in countries north of South Africa, and 41 # 'WAT' is probably the best name for +01, as the common phrase for 42 # the area that includes Nigeria is "West Africa". 43 # 44 # To summarize, the following abbreviations seemed to have some currency: 45 # +00 GMT Greenwich Mean Time 46 # +02 CAT Central Africa Time 47 # +02 SAST South Africa Standard Time 48 # and Murray suggested the following abbreviation: 49 # +01 WAT West Africa Time 50 # Murray's suggestion seems to have caught on in news reports and the like. 51 # I vaguely recall 'WAT' also being used for -01 in the past but 52 # cannot now come up with solid citations. 53 # 54 # I invented the following abbreviations; corrections are welcome! 55 # +02 WAST West Africa Summer Time 56 # +03 CAST Central Africa Summer Time (no longer used) 57 # +03 SAST South Africa Summer Time (no longer used) 58 # +03 EAT East Africa Time 59 # 'EAT' also seems to have caught on; the others are rare but are paired 60 # with better-attested non-DST abbreviations. 61 62 # Algeria 63 # Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S 64 Rule Algeria 1916 only - Jun 14 23:00s 1:00 S 65 Rule Algeria 1916 1919 - Oct Sun>=1 23:00s 0 - 66 Rule Algeria 1917 only - Mar 24 23:00s 1:00 S 67 Rule Algeria 1918 only - Mar 9 23:00s 1:00 S 68 Rule Algeria 1919 only - Mar 1 23:00s 1:00 S 69 Rule Algeria 1920 only - Feb 14 23:00s 1:00 S 70 Rule Algeria 1920 only - Oct 23 23:00s 0 - 71 Rule Algeria 1921 only - Mar 14 23:00s 1:00 S 72 Rule Algeria 1921 only - Jun 21 23:00s 0 - 73 Rule Algeria 1939 only - Sep 11 23:00s 1:00 S 74 Rule Algeria 1939 only - Nov 19 1:00 0 - 75 Rule Algeria 1944 1945 - Apr Mon>=1 2:00 1:00 S 76 Rule Algeria 1944 only - Oct 8 2:00 0 - 77 Rule Algeria 1945 only - Sep 16 1:00 0 - 78 Rule Algeria 1971 only - Apr 25 23:00s 1:00 S 79 Rule Algeria 1971 only - Sep 26 23:00s 0 - 80 Rule Algeria 1977 only - May 6 0:00 1:00 S 81 Rule Algeria 1977 only - Oct 21 0:00 0 - 82 Rule Algeria 1978 only - Mar 24 1:00 1:00 S 83 Rule Algeria 1978 only - Sep 22 3:00 0 - 84 Rule Algeria 1980 only - Apr 25 0:00 1:00 S 85 Rule Algeria 1980 only - Oct 31 2:00 0 - 86 # Shanks & Pottenger give 0:09:20 for Paris Mean Time; go with Howse's 87 # more precise 0:09:21. 88 # Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] 89 Zone Africa/Algiers 0:12:12 - LMT 1891 Mar 15 0:01 90 0:09:21 - PMT 1911 Mar 11 # Paris Mean Time 91 0:00 Algeria WE%sT 1940 Feb 25 2:00 92 1:00 Algeria CE%sT 1946 Oct 7 93 0:00 - WET 1956 Jan 29 94 1:00 - CET 1963 Apr 14 95 0:00 Algeria WE%sT 1977 Oct 21 96 1:00 Algeria CE%sT 1979 Oct 26 97 0:00 Algeria WE%sT 1981 May 98 1:00 - CET 99 100 # Angola 101 # Benin 102 # See Africa/Lagos. 103 104 # Botswana 105 # See Africa/Maputo. 106 107 # Burkina Faso 108 # See Africa/Abidjan. 109 110 # Burundi 111 # See Africa/Maputo. 112 113 # Cameroon 114 # See Africa/Lagos. 115 116 # Cape Verde / Cabo Verde 117 # 118 # From Paul Eggert (2018-02-16): 119 # Shanks gives 1907 for the transition to +02. 120 # For now, ignore that and follow the 1911-05-26 Portuguese decree 121 # (see Europe/Lisbon). 122 # 123 # Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] 124 Zone Atlantic/Cape_Verde -1:34:04 - LMT 1912 Jan 01 2:00u # Praia 125 -2:00 - -02 1942 Sep 126 -2:00 1:00 -01 1945 Oct 15 127 -2:00 - -02 1975 Nov 25 2:00 128 -1:00 - -01 129 130 # Central African Republic 131 # See Africa/Lagos. 132 133 # Chad 134 # Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] 135 Zone Africa/Ndjamena 1:00:12 - LMT 1912 # N'Djamena 136 1:00 - WAT 1979 Oct 14 137 1:00 1:00 WAST 1980 Mar 8 138 1:00 - WAT 139 140 # Comoros 141 # See Africa/Nairobi. 142 143 # Democratic Republic of the Congo 144 # See Africa/Lagos for the western part and Africa/Maputo for the eastern. 145 146 # Republic of the Congo 147 # See Africa/Lagos. 148 149 # Cte d'Ivoire / Ivory Coast 150 # Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] 151 Zone Africa/Abidjan -0:16:08 - LMT 1912 152 0:00 - GMT 153 Link Africa/Abidjan Africa/Bamako # Mali 154 Link Africa/Abidjan Africa/Banjul # Gambia 155 Link Africa/Abidjan Africa/Conakry # Guinea 156 Link Africa/Abidjan Africa/Dakar # Senegal 157 Link Africa/Abidjan Africa/Freetown # Sierra Leone 158 Link Africa/Abidjan Africa/Lome # Togo 159 Link Africa/Abidjan Africa/Nouakchott # Mauritania 160 Link Africa/Abidjan Africa/Ouagadougou # Burkina Faso 161 Link Africa/Abidjan Atlantic/St_Helena # St Helena 162 163 # Djibouti 164 # See Africa/Nairobi. 165 166 ############################################################################### 167 168 # Egypt 169 170 # Milne says Cairo used 2:05:08.9, the local mean time of the Abbasizeh 171 # observatory; round to nearest. Milne also says that the official time for 172 # Egypt was mean noon at the Great Pyramid, 2:04:30.5, but apparently this 173 # did not apply to Cairo, Alexandria, or Port Said. 174 175 # Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S 176 Rule Egypt 1940 only - Jul 15 0:00 1:00 S 177 Rule Egypt 1940 only - Oct 1 0:00 0 - 178 Rule Egypt 1941 only - Apr 15 0:00 1:00 S 179 Rule Egypt 1941 only - Sep 16 0:00 0 - 180 Rule Egypt 1942 1944 - Apr 1 0:00 1:00 S 181 Rule Egypt 1942 only - Oct 27 0:00 0 - 182 Rule Egypt 1943 1945 - Nov 1 0:00 0 - 183 Rule Egypt 1945 only - Apr 16 0:00 1:00 S 184 Rule Egypt 1957 only - May 10 0:00 1:00 S 185 Rule Egypt 1957 1958 - Oct 1 0:00 0 - 186 Rule Egypt 1958 only - May 1 0:00 1:00 S 187 Rule Egypt 1959 1981 - May 1 1:00 1:00 S 188 Rule Egypt 1959 1965 - Sep 30 3:00 0 - 189 Rule Egypt 1966 1994 - Oct 1 3:00 0 - 190 Rule Egypt 1982 only - Jul 25 1:00 1:00 S 191 Rule Egypt 1983 only - Jul 12 1:00 1:00 S 192 Rule Egypt 1984 1988 - May 1 1:00 1:00 S 193 Rule Egypt 1989 only - May 6 1:00 1:00 S 194 Rule Egypt 1990 1994 - May 1 1:00 1:00 S 195 # IATA (after 1990) says transitions are at 0:00. 196 # Go with IATA starting in 1995, except correct 1995 entry from 09-30 to 09-29. 197 198 # From Alexander Krivenyshev (2011-04-20): 199 # "...Egypt's interim cabinet decided on Wednesday to cancel daylight 200 # saving time after a poll posted on its website showed the majority of 201 # Egyptians would approve the cancellation." 202 # 203 # Egypt to cancel daylight saving time 204 # http://www.almasryalyoum.com/en/node/407168 205 # or 206 # http://www.worldtimezone.com/dst_news/dst_news_egypt04.html 207 Rule Egypt 1995 2010 - Apr lastFri 0:00s 1:00 S 208 Rule Egypt 1995 2005 - Sep lastThu 24:00 0 - 209 # From Steffen Thorsen (2006-09-19): 210 # The Egyptian Gazette, issue 41,090 (2006-09-18), page 1, reports: 211 # Egypt will turn back clocks by one hour at the midnight of Thursday 212 # after observing the daylight saving time since May. 213 # http://news.gom.com.eg/gazette/pdf/2006/09/18/01.pdf 214 Rule Egypt 2006 only - Sep 21 24:00 0 - 215 # From Dirk Losch (2007-08-14): 216 # I received a mail from an airline which says that the daylight 217 # saving time in Egypt will end in the night of 2007-09-06 to 2007-09-07. 218 # From Jesper Nrgaard Welen (2007-08-15): [The following agree:] 219 # http://www.nentjes.info/Bill/bill5.htm 220 # https://www.timeanddate.com/worldclock/city.html?n=53 221 # From Steffen Thorsen (2007-09-04): The official information...: 222 # http://www.sis.gov.eg/En/EgyptOnline/Miscellaneous/000002/0207000000000000001580.htm 223 Rule Egypt 2007 only - Sep Thu>=1 24:00 0 - 224 # From Abdelrahman Hassan (2007-09-06): 225 # Due to the Hijri (lunar Islamic calendar) year being 11 days shorter 226 # than the year of the Gregorian calendar, Ramadan shifts earlier each 227 # year. This year it will be observed September 13 (September is quite 228 # hot in Egypt), and the idea is to make fasting easier for workers by 229 # shifting business hours one hour out of daytime heat. Consequently, 230 # unless discontinued, next DST may end Thursday 28 August 2008. 231 # From Paul Eggert (2007-08-17): 232 # For lack of better info, assume the new rule is last Thursday in August. 233 234 # From Petr Machata (2009-04-06): 235 # The following appeared in Red Hat bugzilla[1] (edited): 236 # 237 # > $ zdump -v /usr/share/zoneinfo/Africa/Cairo | grep 2009 238 # > /usr/share/zoneinfo/Africa/Cairo Thu Apr 23 21:59:59 2009 UTC = Thu = 239 # Apr 23 240 # > 23:59:59 2009 EET isdst=0 gmtoff=7200 241 # > /usr/share/zoneinfo/Africa/Cairo Thu Apr 23 22:00:00 2009 UTC = Fri = 242 # Apr 24 243 # > 01:00:00 2009 EEST isdst=1 gmtoff=10800 244 # > /usr/share/zoneinfo/Africa/Cairo Thu Aug 27 20:59:59 2009 UTC = Thu = 245 # Aug 27 246 # > 23:59:59 2009 EEST isdst=1 gmtoff=10800 247 # > /usr/share/zoneinfo/Africa/Cairo Thu Aug 27 21:00:00 2009 UTC = Thu = 248 # Aug 27 249 # > 23:00:00 2009 EET isdst=0 gmtoff=7200 250 # 251 # > end date should be Thu Sep 24 2009 (Last Thursday in September at 23:59= 252 # :59) 253 # > http://support.microsoft.com/kb/958729/ 254 # 255 # timeanddate[2] and another site I've found[3] also support that. 256 # 257 # [1] https://bugzilla.redhat.com/show_bug.cgi?id=492263 258 # [2] https://www.timeanddate.com/worldclock/clockchange.html?n=53 259 # [3] https://wwp.greenwichmeantime.com/time-zone/africa/egypt/ 260 261 # From Arthur David Olson (2009-04-20): 262 # In 2009 (and for the next several years), Ramadan ends before the fourth 263 # Thursday in September; Egypt is expected to revert to the last Thursday 264 # in September. 265 266 # From Steffen Thorsen (2009-08-11): 267 # We have been able to confirm the August change with the Egyptian Cabinet 268 # Information and Decision Support Center: 269 # https://www.timeanddate.com/news/time/egypt-dst-ends-2009.html 270 # 271 # The Middle East News Agency 272 # https://www.mena.org.eg/index.aspx 273 # also reports "Egypt starts winter time on August 21" 274 # today in article numbered "71, 11/08/2009 12:25 GMT." 275 # Only the title above is available without a subscription to their service, 276 # and can be found by searching for "winter" in their search engine 277 # (at least today). 278 279 # From Alexander Krivenyshev (2010-07-20): 280 # According to News from Egypt - Al-Masry Al-Youm Egypt's cabinet has 281 # decided that Daylight Saving Time will not be used in Egypt during 282 # Ramadan. 283 # 284 # Arabic translation: 285 # "Clocks to go back during Ramadan - and then forward again" 286 # http://www.almasryalyoum.com/en/news/clocks-go-back-during-ramadan-and-then-forward-again 287 # http://www.worldtimezone.com/dst_news/dst_news_egypt02.html 288 289 # From Ahmad El-Dardiry (2014-05-07): 290 # Egypt is to change back to Daylight system on May 15 291 # http://english.ahram.org.eg/NewsContent/1/64/100735/Egypt/Politics-/Egypts-government-to-reapply-daylight-saving-time-.aspx 292 293 # From Gunther Vermier (2014-05-13): 294 # our Egypt office confirms that the change will be at 15 May "midnight" (24:00) 295 296 # From Imed Chihi (2014-06-04): 297 # We have finally "located" a precise official reference about the DST changes 298 # in Egypt. The Ministers Cabinet decision is explained at 299 # http://www.cabinet.gov.eg/Media/CabinetMeetingsDetails.aspx?id=347 ... 300 # [T]his (Arabic) site is not accessible outside Egypt, but the page ... 301 # translates into: "With regard to daylight saving time, it is scheduled to 302 # take effect at exactly twelve o'clock this evening, Thursday, 15 MAY 2014, 303 # to be suspended by twelve o'clock on the evening of Thursday, 26 JUN 2014, 304 # and re-established again at the end of the month of Ramadan, at twelve 305 # o'clock on the evening of Thursday, 31 JUL 2014." This statement has been 306 # reproduced by other (more accessible) sites[, e.g.,]... 307 # http://elgornal.net/news/news.aspx?id=4699258 308 309 # From Paul Eggert (2014-06-04): 310 # Sarah El Deeb and Lee Keath of AP report that the Egyptian government says 311 # the change is because of blackouts in Cairo, even though Ahram Online (cited 312 # above) says DST had no affect on electricity consumption. There is 313 # no information about when DST will end this fall. See: 314 # http://abcnews.go.com/International/wireStory/el-sissi-pushes-egyptians-line-23614833 315 316 # From Steffen Thorsen (2015-04-08): 317 # Egypt will start DST on midnight after Thursday, April 30, 2015. 318 # This is based on a law (no 35) from May 15, 2014 saying it starts the last 319 # Thursday of April.... Clocks will still be turned back for Ramadan, but 320 # dates not yet announced.... 321 # http://almogaz.com/news/weird-news/2015/04/05/1947105 ... 322 # https://www.timeanddate.com/news/time/egypt-starts-dst-2015.html 323 324 # From Ahmed Nazmy (2015-04-20): 325 # Egypt's ministers cabinet just announced ... that it will cancel DST at 326 # least for 2015. 327 # 328 # From Tim Parenti (2015-04-20): 329 # http://english.ahram.org.eg/WriterArticles/NewsContentP/1/128195/Egypt/No-daylight-saving-this-summer-Egypts-prime-minist.aspx 330 # "Egypt's cabinet agreed on Monday not to switch clocks for daylight saving 331 # time this summer, and carry out studies on the possibility of canceling the 332 # practice altogether in future years." 333 # 334 # From Paul Eggert (2015-04-24): 335 # Yesterday the office of Egyptian President El-Sisi announced his 336 # decision to abandon DST permanently. See Ahram Online 2015-04-24. 337 # http://english.ahram.org.eg/NewsContent/1/64/128509/Egypt/Politics-/Sisi-cancels-daylight-saving-time-in-Egypt.aspx 338 339 # From Steffen Thorsen (2016-04-29): 340 # Egypt will have DST from July 7 until the end of October.... 341 # http://english.ahram.org.eg/NewsContentP/1/204655/Egypt/Daylight-savings-time-returning-to-Egypt-on--July.aspx 342 # From Mina Samuel (2016-07-04): 343 # Egyptian government took the decision to cancel the DST, 344 345 Rule Egypt 2008 only - Aug lastThu 24:00 0 - 346 Rule Egypt 2009 only - Aug 20 24:00 0 - 347 Rule Egypt 2010 only - Aug 10 24:00 0 - 348 Rule Egypt 2010 only - Sep 9 24:00 1:00 S 349 Rule Egypt 2010 only - Sep lastThu 24:00 0 - 350 Rule Egypt 2014 only - May 15 24:00 1:00 S 351 Rule Egypt 2014 only - Jun 26 24:00 0 - 352 Rule Egypt 2014 only - Jul 31 24:00 1:00 S 353 Rule Egypt 2014 only - Sep lastThu 24:00 0 - 354 355 # Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] 356 Zone Africa/Cairo 2:05:09 - LMT 1900 Oct 357 2:00 Egypt EE%sT 358 359 # Equatorial Guinea 360 # See Africa/Lagos. 361 362 # Eritrea 363 # Ethiopia 364 # See Africa/Nairobi. 365 366 # Gabon 367 # See Africa/Lagos. 368 369 # Gambia 370 # See Africa/Abidjan. 371 372 # Ghana 373 374 # From Paul Eggert (2018-01-30): 375 # Whitman says DST was observed from 1931 to "the present"; 376 # Shanks & Pottenger say 1936 to 1942 with 20 minutes of DST, 377 # with transitions on 09-01 and 12-31 at 00:00. 378 # Page 33 of Parish GCB, Colonial Reports - Annual. No. 1066. Gold 379 # Coast. Report for 1919. (March 1921), OCLC 784024077 380 # http://libsysdigi.library.illinois.edu/ilharvest/africana/books2011-05/5530214/5530214_1919/5530214_1919_opt.pdf 381 # lists the Determination of the Time Ordinance, 1919, No. 18, 382 # "to advance the time observed locally by the space of twenty minutes 383 # during the last four months of each year; the object in view being 384 # to extend during those months the period of daylight-time available 385 # for evening recreation after office hours." 386 # Vanessa Ogle, The Global Transformation of Time, 1870-1950 (2015), p 33, 387 # writes "In 1919, the Gold Coast (Ghana as of 1957) made Greenwich 388 # time its legal time and simultaneously legalized a summer time of 389 # UTC - 00:20 minutes from March to October."; a footnote lists 390 # the ordinance as being dated 1919-11-24. 391 # The Crown Colonist, Volume 12 (1942), p 176, says "the Government 392 # intend advancing Gold Coast time half an hour ahead of G.M.T. 393 # The actual date of the alteration has not yet been announced." 394 # These sources are incomplete and contradictory. Possibly what is 395 # now Ghana observed different DST regimes in different years. For 396 # lack of better info, use Shanks except treat the minus sign as a 397 # typo, and assume DST started in 1920 not 1936. 398 # Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S 399 Rule Ghana 1920 1942 - Sep 1 0:00 0:20 - 400 Rule Ghana 1920 1942 - Dec 31 0:00 0 - 401 # Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] 402 Zone Africa/Accra -0:00:52 - LMT 1918 403 0:00 Ghana GMT/+0020 404 405 # Guinea 406 # See Africa/Abidjan. 407 408 # Guinea-Bissau 409 # 410 # From Paul Eggert (2018-02-16): 411 # Shanks gives 1911-05-26 for the transition to WAT, 412 # evidently confusing the date of the Portuguese decree 413 # (see Europe/Lisbon) with the date that it took effect. 414 # 415 # Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] 416 Zone Africa/Bissau -1:02:20 - LMT 1912 Jan 1 1:00u 417 -1:00 - -01 1975 418 0:00 - GMT 419 420 # Kenya 421 # Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] 422 Zone Africa/Nairobi 2:27:16 - LMT 1928 Jul 423 3:00 - EAT 1930 424 2:30 - +0230 1940 425 2:45 - +0245 1960 426 3:00 - EAT 427 Link Africa/Nairobi Africa/Addis_Ababa # Ethiopia 428 Link Africa/Nairobi Africa/Asmara # Eritrea 429 Link Africa/Nairobi Africa/Dar_es_Salaam # Tanzania 430 Link Africa/Nairobi Africa/Djibouti 431 Link Africa/Nairobi Africa/Kampala # Uganda 432 Link Africa/Nairobi Africa/Mogadishu # Somalia 433 Link Africa/Nairobi Indian/Antananarivo # Madagascar 434 Link Africa/Nairobi Indian/Comoro 435 Link Africa/Nairobi Indian/Mayotte 436 437 # Lesotho 438 # See Africa/Johannesburg. 439 440 # Liberia 441 # 442 # From Paul Eggert (2017-03-02): 443 # 444 # The Nautical Almanac for the Year 1970, p 264, is the source for -0:44:30. 445 # 446 # In 1972 Liberia was the last country to switch from a UT offset 447 # that was not a multiple of 15 or 20 minutes. The 1972 change was on 448 # 1972-01-07, according to an entry dated 1972-01-04 on p 330 of: 449 # Presidential Papers: First year of the administration of 450 # President William R. Tolbert, Jr., July 23, 1971-July 31, 1972. 451 # Monrovia: Executive Mansion. 452 # 453 # Use the abbreviation "MMT" before 1972, as the more-accurate numeric 454 # abbreviation "-004430" would be one byte over the POSIX limit. 455 # 456 # Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] 457 Zone Africa/Monrovia -0:43:08 - LMT 1882 458 -0:43:08 - MMT 1919 Mar # Monrovia Mean Time 459 -0:44:30 - MMT 1972 Jan 7 # approximately MMT 460 0:00 - GMT 461 462 ############################################################################### 463 464 # Libya 465 466 # From Even Scharning (2012-11-10): 467 # Libya set their time one hour back at 02:00 on Saturday November 10. 468 # https://www.libyaherald.com/2012/11/04/clocks-to-go-back-an-hour-on-saturday/ 469 # Here is an official source [in Arabic]: http://ls.ly/fb6Yc 470 # 471 # Steffen Thorsen forwarded a translation (2012-11-10) in 472 # https://mm.icann.org/pipermail/tz/2012-November/018451.html 473 # 474 # From Tim Parenti (2012-11-11): 475 # Treat the 2012-11-10 change as a zone change from UTC+2 to UTC+1. 476 # The DST rules planned for 2013 and onward roughly mirror those of Europe 477 # (either two days before them or five days after them, so as to fall on 478 # lastFri instead of lastSun). 479 480 # From Even Scharning (2013-10-25): 481 # The scheduled end of DST in Libya on Friday, October 25, 2013 was 482 # cancelled yesterday.... 483 # https://www.libyaherald.com/2013/10/24/correction-no-time-change-tomorrow/ 484 # 485 # From Paul Eggert (2013-10-25): 486 # For now, assume they're reverting to the pre-2012 rules of permanent UT +02. 487 488 # Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S 489 Rule Libya 1951 only - Oct 14 2:00 1:00 S 490 Rule Libya 1952 only - Jan 1 0:00 0 - 491 Rule Libya 1953 only - Oct 9 2:00 1:00 S 492 Rule Libya 1954 only - Jan 1 0:00 0 - 493 Rule Libya 1955 only - Sep 30 0:00 1:00 S 494 Rule Libya 1956 only - Jan 1 0:00 0 - 495 Rule Libya 1982 1984 - Apr 1 0:00 1:00 S 496 Rule Libya 1982 1985 - Oct 1 0:00 0 - 497 Rule Libya 1985 only - Apr 6 0:00 1:00 S 498 Rule Libya 1986 only - Apr 4 0:00 1:00 S 499 Rule Libya 1986 only - Oct 3 0:00 0 - 500 Rule Libya 1987 1989 - Apr 1 0:00 1:00 S 501 Rule Libya 1987 1989 - Oct 1 0:00 0 - 502 Rule Libya 1997 only - Apr 4 0:00 1:00 S 503 Rule Libya 1997 only - Oct 4 0:00 0 - 504 Rule Libya 2013 only - Mar lastFri 1:00 1:00 S 505 Rule Libya 2013 only - Oct lastFri 2:00 0 - 506 # Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] 507 Zone Africa/Tripoli 0:52:44 - LMT 1920 508 1:00 Libya CE%sT 1959 509 2:00 - EET 1982 510 1:00 Libya CE%sT 1990 May 4 511 # The 1996 and 1997 entries are from Shanks & Pottenger; 512 # the IATA SSIM data entries contain some obvious errors. 513 2:00 - EET 1996 Sep 30 514 1:00 Libya CE%sT 1997 Oct 4 515 2:00 - EET 2012 Nov 10 2:00 516 1:00 Libya CE%sT 2013 Oct 25 2:00 517 2:00 - EET 518 519 # Madagascar 520 # See Africa/Nairobi. 521 522 # Malawi 523 # See Africa/Maputo. 524 525 # Mali 526 # Mauritania 527 # See Africa/Abidjan. 528 529 # Mauritius 530 531 # From Steffen Thorsen (2008-06-25): 532 # Mauritius plans to observe DST from 2008-11-01 to 2009-03-31 on a trial 533 # basis.... 534 # It seems that Mauritius observed daylight saving time from 1982-10-10 to 535 # 1983-03-20 as well, but that was not successful.... 536 # https://www.timeanddate.com/news/time/mauritius-daylight-saving-time.html 537 538 # From Alex Krivenyshev (2008-06-25): 539 # http://economicdevelopment.gov.mu/portal/site/Mainhomepage/menuitem.a42b24128104d9845dabddd154508a0c/?content_id=0a7cee8b5d69a110VgnVCM1000000a04a8c0RCRD 540 541 # From Arthur David Olson (2008-06-30): 542 # The www.timeanddate.com article cited by Steffen Thorsen notes that "A 543 # final decision has yet to be made on the times that daylight saving 544 # would begin and end on these dates." As a place holder, use midnight. 545 546 # From Paul Eggert (2008-06-30): 547 # Follow Thorsen on DST in 1982/1983, instead of Shanks & Pottenger. 548 549 # From Steffen Thorsen (2008-07-10): 550 # According to 551 # http://www.lexpress.mu/display_article.php?news_id=111216 552 # (in French), Mauritius will start and end their DST a few days earlier 553 # than previously announced (2008-11-01 to 2009-03-31). The new start 554 # date is 2008-10-26 at 02:00 and the new end date is 2009-03-27 (no time 555 # given, but it is probably at either 2 or 3 wall clock time). 556 # 557 # A little strange though, since the article says that they moved the date 558 # to align itself with Europe and USA which also change time on that date, 559 # but that means they have not paid attention to what happened in 560 # USA/Canada last year (DST ends first Sunday in November). I also wonder 561 # why that they end on a Friday, instead of aligning with Europe which 562 # changes two days later. 563 564 # From Alex Krivenyshev (2008-07-11): 565 # Seems that English language article "The revival of daylight saving 566 # time: Energy conservation?"- No. 16578 (07/11/2008) was originally 567 # published on Monday, June 30, 2008... 568 # 569 # I guess that article in French "Le gouvernement avance l'introduction 570 # de l'heure d't" stating that DST in Mauritius starting on October 26 571 # and ending on March 27, 2009 is the most recent one.... 572 # http://www.worldtimezone.com/dst_news/dst_news_mauritius02.html 573 574 # From Riad M. Hossen Ally (2008-08-03): 575 # The Government of Mauritius weblink 576 # http://www.gov.mu/portal/site/pmosite/menuitem.4ca0efdee47462e7440a600248a521ca/?content_id=4728ca68b2a5b110VgnVCM1000000a04a8c0RCRD 577 # Cabinet Decision of July 18th, 2008 states as follows: 578 # 579 # 4. ...Cabinet has agreed to the introduction into the National Assembly 580 # of the Time Bill which provides for the introduction of summer time in 581 # Mauritius. The summer time period which will be of one hour ahead of 582 # the standard time, will be aligned with that in Europe and the United 583 # States of America. It will start at two o'clock in the morning on the 584 # last Sunday of October and will end at two o'clock in the morning on 585 # the last Sunday of March the following year. The summer time for the 586 # year 2008-2009 will, therefore, be effective as from 26 October 2008 587 # and end on 29 March 2009. 588 589 # From Ed Maste (2008-10-07): 590 # THE TIME BILL (No. XXVII of 2008) Explanatory Memorandum states the 591 # beginning / ending of summer time is 2 o'clock standard time in the 592 # morning of the last Sunday of October / last Sunday of March. 593 # http://www.gov.mu/portal/goc/assemblysite/file/bill2708.pdf 594 595 # From Steffen Thorsen (2009-06-05): 596 # According to several sources, Mauritius will not continue to observe 597 # DST the coming summer... 598 # 599 # Some sources, in French: 600 # http://www.defimedia.info/news/946/Rashid-Beebeejaun-:-%C2%AB-L%E2%80%99heure-d%E2%80%99%C3%A9t%C3%A9-ne-sera-pas-appliqu%C3%A9e-cette-ann%C3%A9e-%C2%BB 601 # http://lexpress.mu/Story/3398~Beebeejaun---Les-objectifs-d-%C3%A9conomie-d-%C3%A9nergie-de-l-heure-d-%C3%A9t%C3%A9-ont-%C3%A9t%C3%A9-atteints- 602 # 603 # Our wrap-up: 604 # https://www.timeanddate.com/news/time/mauritius-dst-will-not-repeat.html 605 606 # From Arthur David Olson (2009-07-11): 607 # The "mauritius-dst-will-not-repeat" wrapup includes this: 608 # "The trial ended on March 29, 2009, when the clocks moved back by one hour 609 # at 2am (or 02:00) local time..." 610 611 # Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S 612 Rule Mauritius 1982 only - Oct 10 0:00 1:00 - 613 Rule Mauritius 1983 only - Mar 21 0:00 0 - 614 Rule Mauritius 2008 only - Oct lastSun 2:00 1:00 - 615 Rule Mauritius 2009 only - Mar lastSun 2:00 0 - 616 # Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] 617 Zone Indian/Mauritius 3:50:00 - LMT 1907 # Port Louis 618 4:00 Mauritius +04/+05 619 # Agalega Is, Rodriguez 620 # no information; probably like Indian/Mauritius 621 622 # Mayotte 623 # See Africa/Nairobi. 624 625 # Morocco 626 # See the 'europe' file for Spanish Morocco (Africa/Ceuta). 627 628 # From Alex Krivenyshev (2008-05-09): 629 # Here is an article that Morocco plan to introduce Daylight Saving Time between 630 # 1 June, 2008 and 27 September, 2008. 631 # 632 # "... Morocco is to save energy by adjusting its clock during summer so it will 633 # be one hour ahead of GMT between 1 June and 27 September, according to 634 # Communication Minister and Government Spokesman, Khalid Naciri...." 635 # 636 # http://www.worldtimezone.com/dst_news/dst_news_morocco01.html 637 # http://en.afrik.com/news11892.html 638 639 # From Alex Krivenyshev (2008-05-09): 640 # The Morocco time change can be confirmed on Morocco web site Maghreb Arabe 641 # Presse: 642 # http://www.map.ma/eng/sections/box3/morocco_shifts_to_da/view 643 # 644 # Morocco shifts to daylight time on June 1st through September 27, Govt. 645 # spokesman. 646 647 # From Patrice Scattolin (2008-05-09): 648 # According to this article: 649 # https://www.avmaroc.com/actualite/heure-dete-comment-a127896.html 650 # (and republished here: <http://www.actu.ma/heure-dete-comment_i127896_0.html>) 651 # the changes occur at midnight: 652 # 653 # Saturday night May 31st at midnight (which in French is to be 654 # interpreted as the night between Saturday and Sunday) 655 # Sunday night the 28th at midnight 656 # 657 # Seeing that the 28th is Monday, I am guessing that she intends to say 658 # the midnight of the 28th which is the midnight between Sunday and 659 # Monday, which jives with other sources that say that it's inclusive 660 # June 1st to Sept 27th. 661 # 662 # The decision was taken by decree *2-08-224 *but I can't find the decree 663 # published on the web. 664 # 665 # It's also confirmed here: 666 # http://www.maroc.ma/NR/exeres/FACF141F-D910-44B0-B7FA-6E03733425D1.htm 667 # on a government portal as being between June 1st and Sept 27th (not yet 668 # posted in English). 669 # 670 # The following Google query will generate many relevant hits: 671 # https://www.google.com/search?hl=en&q=Conseil+de+gouvernement+maroc+heure+avance&btnG=Search 672 673 # From Steffen Thorsen (2008-08-27): 674 # Morocco will change the clocks back on the midnight between August 31 675 # and September 1. They originally planned to observe DST to near the end 676 # of September: 677 # 678 # One article about it (in French): 679 # http://www.menara.ma/fr/Actualites/Maroc/Societe/ci.retour_a_l_heure_gmt_a_partir_du_dimanche_31_aout_a_minuit_officiel_.default 680 # 681 # We have some further details posted here: 682 # https://www.timeanddate.com/news/time/morocco-ends-dst-early-2008.html 683 684 # From Steffen Thorsen (2009-03-17): 685 # Morocco will observe DST from 2009-06-01 00:00 to 2009-08-21 00:00 according 686 # to many sources, such as 687 # http://news.marweb.com/morocco/entertainment/morocco-daylight-saving.html 688 # http://www.medi1sat.ma/fr/depeche.aspx?idp=2312 689 # (French) 690 # 691 # Our summary: 692 # https://www.timeanddate.com/news/time/morocco-starts-dst-2009.html 693 694 # From Alexander Krivenyshev (2009-03-17): 695 # Here is a link to official document from Royaume du Maroc Premier Ministre, 696 # Ministre de la Modernisation des Secteurs Publics 697 # 698 # Under Article 1 of Royal Decree No. 455-67 of Act 23 safar 1387 (2 June 1967) 699 # concerning the amendment of the legal time, the Ministry of Modernization of 700 # Public Sectors announced that the official time in the Kingdom will be 701 # advanced 60 minutes from Sunday 31 May 2009 at midnight. 702 # 703 # http://www.mmsp.gov.ma/francais/Actualites_fr/PDF_Actualites_Fr/HeureEte_FR.pdf 704 # http://www.worldtimezone.com/dst_news/dst_news_morocco03.html 705 706 # From Steffen Thorsen (2010-04-13): 707 # Several news media in Morocco report that the Ministry of Modernization 708 # of Public Sectors has announced that Morocco will have DST from 709 # 2010-05-02 to 2010-08-08. 710 # 711 # Example: 712 # http://www.lavieeco.com/actualites/4099-le-maroc-passera-a-l-heure-d-ete-gmt1-le-2-mai.html 713 # (French) 714 # Our page: 715 # https://www.timeanddate.com/news/time/morocco-starts-dst-2010.html 716 717 # From Dan Abitol (2011-03-30): 718 # ...Rules for Africa/Casablanca are the following (24h format) 719 # The 3rd April 2011 at 00:00:00, [it] will be 3rd April 01:00:00 720 # The 31st July 2011 at 00:59:59, [it] will be 31st July 00:00:00 721 # ...Official links of change in morocco 722 # The change was broadcast on the FM Radio 723 # I ve called ANRT (telecom regulations in Morocco) at 724 # +212.537.71.84.00 725 # http://www.anrt.net.ma/fr/ 726 # They said that 727 # http://www.map.ma/fr/sections/accueil/l_heure_legale_au_ma/view 728 # is the official publication to look at. 729 # They said that the decision was already taken. 730 # 731 # More articles in the press 732 # https://www.yabiladi.com/articles/details/5058/secret-l-heure-d-ete-maroc-leve.html 733 # http://www.lematin.ma/Actualite/Express/Article.asp?id=148923 734 # http://www.lavieeco.com/actualite/Le-Maroc-passe-sur-GMT%2B1-a-partir-de-dim 735 736 # From Petr Machata (2011-03-30): 737 # They have it written in English here: 738 # http://www.map.ma/eng/sections/home/morocco_to_spring_fo/view 739 # 740 # It says there that "Morocco will resume its standard time on July 31, 741 # 2011 at midnight." Now they don't say whether they mean midnight of 742 # wall clock time (i.e. 11pm UTC), but that's what I would assume. It has 743 # also been like that in the past. 744 745 # From Alexander Krivenyshev (2012-03-09): 746 # According to Infomdiaire web site from Morocco (infomediaire.ma), 747 # on March 9, 2012, (in French) Heure lgale: 748 # Le Maroc adopte officiellement l'heure d't 749 # http://www.infomediaire.ma/news/maroc/heure-l%C3%A9gale-le-maroc-adopte-officiellement-lheure-d%C3%A9t%C3%A9 750 # Governing Council adopted draft decree, that Morocco DST starts on 751 # the last Sunday of March (March 25, 2012) and ends on 752 # last Sunday of September (September 30, 2012) 753 # except the month of Ramadan. 754 # or (brief) 755 # http://www.worldtimezone.com/dst_news/dst_news_morocco06.html 756 757 # From Arthur David Olson (2012-03-10): 758 # The infomediaire.ma source indicates that the system is to be in 759 # effect every year. It gives 03H00 as the "fall back" time of day; 760 # it lacks a "spring forward" time of day; assume 2:00 XXX. 761 # Wait on specifying the Ramadan exception for details about 762 # start date, start time of day, end date, and end time of day XXX. 763 764 # From Christophe Tropamer (2012-03-16): 765 # Seen Morocco change again: 766 # http://www.le2uminutes.com/actualite.php 767 # "... partir du dernier dimanche d'avril et non fins mars, 768 # comme annonc prcdemment." 769 770 # From Milamber Space Network (2012-07-17): 771 # The official return to GMT is announced by the Moroccan government: 772 # http://www.mmsp.gov.ma/fr/actualites.aspx?id=288 [in French] 773 # 774 # Google translation, lightly edited: 775 # Back to the standard time of the Kingdom (GMT) 776 # Pursuant to Decree No. 2-12-126 issued on 26 Jumada (I) 1433 (April 18, 777 # 2012) and in accordance with the order of Mr. President of the 778 # Government No. 3-47-12 issued on 24 Sha'ban (11 July 2012), the Ministry 779 # of Public Service and Administration Modernization announces the return 780 # of the legal time of the Kingdom (GMT) from Friday, July 20, 2012 until 781 # Monday, August 20, 2012. So the time will be delayed by 60 minutes from 782 # 3:00 am Friday, July 20, 2012 and will again be advanced by 60 minutes 783 # August 20, 2012 from 2:00 am. 784 785 # From Paul Eggert (2013-03-06): 786 # Morocco's daylight-saving transitions due to Ramadan seem to be 787 # announced a bit in advance. On 2012-07-11 the Moroccan government 788 # announced that year's Ramadan daylight-saving transitions would be 789 # 2012-07-20 and 2012-08-20; see 790 # http://www.mmsp.gov.ma/fr/actualites.aspx?id=288 791 792 # From Andrew Paprocki (2013-07-02): 793 # Morocco announced that the year's Ramadan daylight-savings 794 # transitions would be 2013-07-07 and 2013-08-10; see: 795 # http://www.maroc.ma/en/news/morocco-suspends-daylight-saving-time-july-7-aug10 796 797 # From Steffen Thorsen (2013-09-28): 798 # Morocco extends DST by one month, on very short notice, just 1 day 799 # before it was going to end. There is a new decree (2.13.781) for 800 # this, where DST from now on goes from last Sunday of March at 02:00 801 # to last Sunday of October at 03:00, similar to EU rules. Official 802 # source (French): 803 # http://www.maroc.gov.ma/fr/actualites/lhoraire-dete-gmt1-maintenu-jusquau-27-octobre-2013 804 # Another source (specifying the time for start and end in the decree): 805 # http://www.lemag.ma/Heure-d-ete-au-Maroc-jusqu-au-27-octobre_a75620.html 806 807 # From Sebastien Willemijns (2014-03-18): 808 # http://www.afriquinfos.com/articles/2014/3/18/maroc-heure-dete-avancez-tous-horloges-247891.asp 809 810 # From Milamber Space Network (2014-06-05): 811 # The Moroccan government has recently announced that the country will return 812 # to standard time at 03:00 on Saturday, June 28, 2014 local time.... DST 813 # will resume again at 02:00 on Saturday, August 2, 2014.... 814 # http://www.mmsp.gov.ma/fr/actualites.aspx?id=586 815 816 # From Milamber (2015-06-08): 817 # (Google Translation) The hour will thus be delayed 60 minutes 818 # Sunday, June 14 at 3:00, the ministry said in a statement, adding 819 # that the time will be advanced again 60 minutes Sunday, July 19, 820 # 2015 at 2:00. The move comes under 2.12.126 Decree of 26 Jumada I 821 # 1433 (18 April 2012) and the decision of the Head of Government of 822 # 16 N. 3-29-15 Chaaban 1435 (4 June 2015). 823 # Source (french): 824 # https://lnt.ma/le-maroc-reculera-dune-heure-le-dimanche-14-juin/ 825 # 826 # From Milamber (2015-06-09): 827 # http://www.mmsp.gov.ma/fr/actualites.aspx?id=863 828 # 829 # From Michael Deckers (2015-06-09): 830 # [The gov.ma announcement] would (probably) make the switch on 2015-07-19 go 831 # from 03:00 to 04:00 rather than from 02:00 to 03:00, as in the patch.... 832 # I think the patch is correct and the quoted text is wrong; the text in 833 # <https://lnt.ma/le-maroc-reculera-dune-heure-le-dimanche-14-juin/> agrees 834 # with the patch. 835 836 # From Paul Eggert (2015-06-08): 837 # For now, guess that later spring and fall transitions will use 2015's rules, 838 # and guess that Morocco will switch to standard time at 03:00 the last 839 # Sunday before Ramadan, and back to DST at 02:00 the first Sunday after 840 # Ramadan. To implement this, transition dates for 2016 through 2037 were 841 # determined by running the following program under GNU Emacs 24.3, with the 842 # results integrated by hand into the table below. 843 # (let ((islamic-year 1437)) 844 # (require 'cal-islam) 845 # (while (< islamic-year 1460) 846 # (let ((a (calendar-islamic-to-absolute (list 9 1 islamic-year))) 847 # (b (calendar-islamic-to-absolute (list 10 1 islamic-year))) 848 # (sunday 0)) 849 # (while (/= sunday (mod (setq a (1- a)) 7))) 850 # (while (/= sunday (mod b 7)) 851 # (setq b (1+ b))) 852 # (setq a (calendar-gregorian-from-absolute a)) 853 # (setq b (calendar-gregorian-from-absolute b)) 854 # (insert 855 # (format 856 # (concat "Rule\tMorocco\t%d\tonly\t-\t%s\t%2d\t 3:00\t0\t-\n" 857 # "Rule\tMorocco\t%d\tonly\t-\t%s\t%2d\t 2:00\t1:00\tS\n") 858 # (car (cdr (cdr a))) (calendar-month-name (car a) t) (car (cdr a)) 859 # (car (cdr (cdr b))) (calendar-month-name (car b) t) (car (cdr b))))) 860 # (setq islamic-year (+ 1 islamic-year)))) 861 862 # RULE NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S 863 864 Rule Morocco 1939 only - Sep 12 0:00 1:00 S 865 Rule Morocco 1939 only - Nov 19 0:00 0 - 866 Rule Morocco 1940 only - Feb 25 0:00 1:00 S 867 Rule Morocco 1945 only - Nov 18 0:00 0 - 868 Rule Morocco 1950 only - Jun 11 0:00 1:00 S 869 Rule Morocco 1950 only - Oct 29 0:00 0 - 870 Rule Morocco 1967 only - Jun 3 12:00 1:00 S 871 Rule Morocco 1967 only - Oct 1 0:00 0 - 872 Rule Morocco 1974 only - Jun 24 0:00 1:00 S 873 Rule Morocco 1974 only - Sep 1 0:00 0 - 874 Rule Morocco 1976 1977 - May 1 0:00 1:00 S 875 Rule Morocco 1976 only - Aug 1 0:00 0 - 876 Rule Morocco 1977 only - Sep 28 0:00 0 - 877 Rule Morocco 1978 only - Jun 1 0:00 1:00 S 878 Rule Morocco 1978 only - Aug 4 0:00 0 - 879 Rule Morocco 2008 only - Jun 1 0:00 1:00 S 880 Rule Morocco 2008 only - Sep 1 0:00 0 - 881 Rule Morocco 2009 only - Jun 1 0:00 1:00 S 882 Rule Morocco 2009 only - Aug 21 0:00 0 - 883 Rule Morocco 2010 only - May 2 0:00 1:00 S 884 Rule Morocco 2010 only - Aug 8 0:00 0 - 885 Rule Morocco 2011 only - Apr 3 0:00 1:00 S 886 Rule Morocco 2011 only - Jul 31 0:00 0 - 887 Rule Morocco 2012 2013 - Apr lastSun 2:00 1:00 S 888 Rule Morocco 2012 only - Jul 20 3:00 0 - 889 Rule Morocco 2012 only - Aug 20 2:00 1:00 S 890 Rule Morocco 2012 only - Sep 30 3:00 0 - 891 Rule Morocco 2013 only - Jul 7 3:00 0 - 892 Rule Morocco 2013 only - Aug 10 2:00 1:00 S 893 Rule Morocco 2013 max - Oct lastSun 3:00 0 - 894 Rule Morocco 2014 2021 - Mar lastSun 2:00 1:00 S 895 Rule Morocco 2014 only - Jun 28 3:00 0 - 896 Rule Morocco 2014 only - Aug 2 2:00 1:00 S 897 Rule Morocco 2015 only - Jun 14 3:00 0 - 898 Rule Morocco 2015 only - Jul 19 2:00 1:00 S 899 Rule Morocco 2016 only - Jun 5 3:00 0 - 900 Rule Morocco 2016 only - Jul 10 2:00 1:00 S 901 Rule Morocco 2017 only - May 21 3:00 0 - 902 Rule Morocco 2017 only - Jul 2 2:00 1:00 S 903 Rule Morocco 2018 only - May 13 3:00 0 - 904 Rule Morocco 2018 only - Jun 17 2:00 1:00 S 905 Rule Morocco 2019 only - May 5 3:00 0 - 906 Rule Morocco 2019 only - Jun 9 2:00 1:00 S 907 Rule Morocco 2020 only - Apr 19 3:00 0 - 908 Rule Morocco 2020 only - May 24 2:00 1:00 S 909 Rule Morocco 2021 only - Apr 11 3:00 0 - 910 Rule Morocco 2021 only - May 16 2:00 1:00 S 911 Rule Morocco 2022 only - May 8 2:00 1:00 S 912 Rule Morocco 2023 only - Apr 23 2:00 1:00 S 913 Rule Morocco 2024 only - Apr 14 2:00 1:00 S 914 Rule Morocco 2025 only - Apr 6 2:00 1:00 S 915 Rule Morocco 2026 max - Mar lastSun 2:00 1:00 S 916 Rule Morocco 2036 only - Oct 19 3:00 0 - 917 Rule Morocco 2037 only - Oct 4 3:00 0 - 918 919 # Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] 920 Zone Africa/Casablanca -0:30:20 - LMT 1913 Oct 26 921 0:00 Morocco WE%sT 1984 Mar 16 922 1:00 - CET 1986 923 0:00 Morocco WE%sT 924 925 # Western Sahara 926 # 927 # From Gwillim Law (2013-10-22): 928 # A correspondent who is usually well informed about time zone matters 929 # ... says that Western Sahara observes daylight saving time, just as 930 # Morocco does. 931 # 932 # From Paul Eggert (2013-10-23): 933 # Assume that this has been true since Western Sahara switched to GMT, 934 # since most of it was then controlled by Morocco. 935 936 Zone Africa/El_Aaiun -0:52:48 - LMT 1934 Jan # El Aain 937 -1:00 - -01 1976 Apr 14 938 0:00 Morocco WE%sT 939 940 # Mozambique 941 # 942 # Shanks gives 1903-03-01 for the transition to CAT. 943 # Perhaps the 1911-05-26 Portuguese decree 944 # https://dre.pt/pdf1sdip/1911/05/12500/23132313.pdf 945 # merely made it official? 946 # 947 # Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] 948 Zone Africa/Maputo 2:10:20 - LMT 1903 Mar 949 2:00 - CAT 950 Link Africa/Maputo Africa/Blantyre # Malawi 951 Link Africa/Maputo Africa/Bujumbura # Burundi 952 Link Africa/Maputo Africa/Gaborone # Botswana 953 Link Africa/Maputo Africa/Harare # Zimbabwe 954 Link Africa/Maputo Africa/Kigali # Rwanda 955 Link Africa/Maputo Africa/Lubumbashi # E Dem. Rep. of Congo 956 Link Africa/Maputo Africa/Lusaka # Zambia 957 958 959 # Namibia 960 961 # From Arthur David Olson (2017-08-09): 962 # The text of the "Namibia Time Act, 1994" is available online at 963 # www.lac.org.na/laws/1994/811.pdf 964 # and includes this nugget: 965 # Notwithstanding the provisions of subsection (2) of section 1, the 966 # first winter period after the commencement of this Act shall 967 # commence at OOhOO on Monday 21 March 1994 and shall end at 02h00 on 968 # Sunday 4 September 1994. 969 970 # From Petronella Sibeene (2007-03-30): 971 # http://allafrica.com/stories/200703300178.html 972 # While the entire country changes its time, Katima Mulilo and other 973 # settlements in Caprivi unofficially will not because the sun there 974 # rises and sets earlier compared to other regions. Chief of 975 # Forecasting Riaan van Zyl explained that the far eastern parts of 976 # the country are close to 40 minutes earlier in sunrise than the rest 977 # of the country. 978 # 979 # From Paul Eggert (2017-02-22): 980 # Although the Zambezi Region (formerly known as Caprivi) informally 981 # observes Botswana time, we have no details about historical practice. 982 # In the meantime people there can use Africa/Gaborone. 983 # See: Immanuel S. The Namibian. 2017-02-23. 984 # https://www.namibian.com.na/51480/read/Time-change-divides-lawmakers 985 986 # From Steffen Thorsen (2017-08-09): 987 # Namibia is going to change their time zone to what is now their DST: 988 # https://www.newera.com.na/2017/02/23/namibias-winter-time-might-be-repealed/ 989 # This video is from the government decision: 990 # https://www.nbc.na/news/na-passes-namibia-time-bill-repealing-1994-namibia-time-act.8665 991 # We have made the assumption so far that they will change their time zone at 992 # the same time they would normally start DST, the first Sunday in September: 993 # https://www.timeanddate.com/news/time/namibia-new-time-zone.html 994 995 # RULE NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S 996 Rule Namibia 1994 only - Mar 21 0:00 0 - 997 Rule Namibia 1994 2016 - Sep Sun>=1 2:00 1:00 S 998 Rule Namibia 1995 2017 - Apr Sun>=1 2:00 0 - 999 # Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] 1000 Zone Africa/Windhoek 1:08:24 - LMT 1892 Feb 8 1001 1:30 - +0130 1903 Mar 1002 2:00 - SAST 1942 Sep 20 2:00 1003 2:00 1:00 SAST 1943 Mar 21 2:00 1004 2:00 - SAST 1990 Mar 21 # independence 1005 2:00 - CAT 1994 Mar 21 0:00 1006 1:00 Namibia WA%sT 2017 Sep 3 2:00 1007 2:00 - CAT 1008 1009 # Niger 1010 # See Africa/Lagos. 1011 1012 # Nigeria 1013 # Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] 1014 Zone Africa/Lagos 0:13:36 - LMT 1919 Sep 1015 1:00 - WAT 1016 Link Africa/Lagos Africa/Bangui # Central African Republic 1017 Link Africa/Lagos Africa/Brazzaville # Rep. of the Congo 1018 Link Africa/Lagos Africa/Douala # Cameroon 1019 Link Africa/Lagos Africa/Kinshasa # Dem. Rep. of the Congo (west) 1020 Link Africa/Lagos Africa/Libreville # Gabon 1021 Link Africa/Lagos Africa/Luanda # Angola 1022 Link Africa/Lagos Africa/Malabo # Equatorial Guinea 1023 Link Africa/Lagos Africa/Niamey # Niger 1024 Link Africa/Lagos Africa/Porto-Novo # Benin 1025 1026 # Runion 1027 # Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] 1028 Zone Indian/Reunion 3:41:52 - LMT 1911 Jun # Saint-Denis 1029 4:00 - +04 1030 # 1031 # Crozet Islands also observes Runion time; see the 'antarctica' file. 1032 # 1033 # Scattered Islands (les parses) administered from Runion are as follows. 1034 # The following information about them is taken from 1035 # les parses (<http://www.outre-mer.gouv.fr/domtom/ile.htm>, 1997-07-22, 1036 # in French; no longer available as of 1999-08-17). 1037 # We have no info about their time zone histories. 1038 # 1039 # Bassas da India - uninhabited 1040 # Europa Island - inhabited from 1905 to 1910 by two families 1041 # Glorioso Is - inhabited until at least 1958 1042 # Juan de Nova - uninhabited 1043 # Tromelin - inhabited until at least 1958 1044 1045 # Rwanda 1046 # See Africa/Maputo. 1047 1048 # St Helena 1049 # See Africa/Abidjan. 1050 # The other parts of the St Helena territory are similar: 1051 # Tristan da Cunha: on GMT, say Whitman and the CIA 1052 # Ascension: on GMT, say the USNO (1995-12-21) and the CIA 1053 # Gough (scientific station since 1955; sealers wintered previously): 1054 # on GMT, says the CIA 1055 # Inaccessible, Nightingale: uninhabited 1056 1057 # So Tom and Prncipe 1058 1059 # See Europe/Lisbon for info about the 1912 transition. 1060 1061 # From Steffen Thorsen (2018-01-08): 1062 # Multiple sources tell that So Tom changed from UTC to UTC+1 as 1063 # they entered the year 2018. 1064 # From Michael Deckers (2018-01-08): 1065 # the switch is from 01:00 to 02:00 ... [Decree No. 25/2017] 1066 # http://www.mnec.gov.st/index.php/publicacoes/documentos/file/90-decreto-lei-n-25-2017 1067 1068 Zone Africa/Sao_Tome 0:26:56 - LMT 1884 1069 -0:36:45 - LMT 1912 Jan 1 00:00u # Lisbon MT 1070 0:00 - GMT 2018 Jan 1 01:00 1071 1:00 - WAT 1072 1073 # Senegal 1074 # See Africa/Abidjan. 1075 1076 # Seychelles 1077 # Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] 1078 Zone Indian/Mahe 3:41:48 - LMT 1906 Jun # Victoria 1079 4:00 - +04 1080 # From Paul Eggert (2001-05-30): 1081 # Aldabra, Farquhar, and Desroches, originally dependencies of the 1082 # Seychelles, were transferred to the British Indian Ocean Territory 1083 # in 1965 and returned to Seychelles control in 1976. We don't know 1084 # whether this affected their time zone, so omit this for now. 1085 # Possibly the islands were uninhabited. 1086 1087 # Sierra Leone 1088 # See Africa/Abidjan. 1089 1090 # Somalia 1091 # See Africa/Nairobi. 1092 1093 # South Africa 1094 # Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S 1095 Rule SA 1942 1943 - Sep Sun>=15 2:00 1:00 - 1096 Rule SA 1943 1944 - Mar Sun>=15 2:00 0 - 1097 # Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] 1098 Zone Africa/Johannesburg 1:52:00 - LMT 1892 Feb 8 1099 1:30 - SAST 1903 Mar 1100 2:00 SA SAST 1101 Link Africa/Johannesburg Africa/Maseru # Lesotho 1102 Link Africa/Johannesburg Africa/Mbabane # Swaziland 1103 # 1104 # Marion and Prince Edward Is 1105 # scientific station since 1947 1106 # no information 1107 1108 # Sudan 1109 1110 # From <http://www.sunanews.net/sn13jane.html> 1111 # Sudan News Agency (2000-01-13), 1112 # also reported by Michal De Beukelaer-Dossche via Steffen Thorsen: 1113 # Clocks will be moved ahead for 60 minutes all over the Sudan as of noon 1114 # Saturday.... This was announced Thursday by Caretaker State Minister for 1115 # Manpower Abdul-Rahman Nur-Eddin. 1116 1117 # From Ahmed Atyya, National Telecommunications Corp. (NTC), Sudan (2017-10-17): 1118 # ... the Republic of Sudan is going to change the time zone from (GMT+3:00) 1119 # to (GMT+ 2:00) starting from Wednesday 1 November 2017. 1120 # 1121 # From Paul Eggert (2017-10-18): 1122 # A scanned copy (in Arabic) of Cabinet Resolution No. 352 for the 1123 # year 2017 can be found as an attachment in email today from Yahia 1124 # Abdalla of NTC, archived at: 1125 # https://mm.icann.org/pipermail/tz/2017-October/025333.html 1126 1127 # Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S 1128 Rule Sudan 1970 only - May 1 0:00 1:00 S 1129 Rule Sudan 1970 1985 - Oct 15 0:00 0 - 1130 Rule Sudan 1971 only - Apr 30 0:00 1:00 S 1131 Rule Sudan 1972 1985 - Apr lastSun 0:00 1:00 S 1132 # Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] 1133 Zone Africa/Khartoum 2:10:08 - LMT 1931 1134 2:00 Sudan CA%sT 2000 Jan 15 12:00 1135 3:00 - EAT 2017 Nov 1 1136 2:00 - CAT 1137 1138 # South Sudan 1139 # Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] 1140 Zone Africa/Juba 2:06:28 - LMT 1931 1141 2:00 Sudan CA%sT 2000 Jan 15 12:00 1142 3:00 - EAT 1143 1144 # Swaziland 1145 # See Africa/Johannesburg. 1146 1147 # Tanzania 1148 # See Africa/Nairobi. 1149 1150 # Togo 1151 # See Africa/Abidjan. 1152 1153 # Tunisia 1154 1155 # From Gwillim Law (2005-04-30): 1156 # My correspondent, Risto Nyknen, has alerted me to another adoption of DST, 1157 # this time in Tunisia. According to Yahoo France News 1158 # <http://fr.news.yahoo.com/050426/5/4dumk.html>, in a story attributed to AP 1159 # and dated 2005-04-26, "Tunisia has decided to advance its official time by 1160 # one hour, starting on Sunday, May 1. Henceforth, Tunisian time will be 1161 # UTC+2 instead of UTC+1. The change will take place at 23:00 UTC next 1162 # Saturday." (My translation) 1163 # 1164 # From Oscar van Vlijmen (2005-05-02): 1165 # La Presse, the first national daily newspaper ... 1166 # http://www.lapresse.tn/archives/archives280405/actualites/lheure.html 1167 # ... DST for 2005: on: Sun May 1 0h standard time, off: Fri Sept. 30, 1168 # 1h standard time. 1169 # 1170 # From Atef Loukil (2006-03-28): 1171 # The daylight saving time will be the same each year: 1172 # Beginning : the last Sunday of March at 02:00 1173 # Ending : the last Sunday of October at 03:00 ... 1174 # http://www.tap.info.tn/en/index.php?option=com_content&task=view&id=1188&Itemid=50 1175 1176 # From Steffen Thorsen (2009-03-16): 1177 # According to several news sources, Tunisia will not observe DST this year. 1178 # (Arabic) 1179 # http://www.elbashayer.com/?page=viewn&nid=42546 1180 # https://www.babnet.net/kiwidetail-15295.asp 1181 # 1182 # We have also confirmed this with the US embassy in Tunisia. 1183 # We have a wrap-up about this on the following page: 1184 # https://www.timeanddate.com/news/time/tunisia-cancels-dst-2009.html 1185 1186 # From Alexander Krivenyshev (2009-03-17): 1187 # Here is a link to Tunis Afrique Presse News Agency 1188 # 1189 # Standard time to be kept the whole year long (tap.info.tn): 1190 # 1191 # (in English) 1192 # http://www.tap.info.tn/en/index.php?option=com_content&task=view&id=26813&Itemid=157 1193 # 1194 # (in Arabic) 1195 # http://www.tap.info.tn/ar/index.php?option=com_content&task=view&id=61240&Itemid=1 1196 1197 # From Arthur David Olson (2009-03-18): 1198 # The Tunis Afrique Presse News Agency notice contains this: "This measure is 1199 # due to the fact that the fasting month of Ramadan coincides with the period 1200 # concerned by summer time. Therefore, the standard time will be kept 1201 # unchanged the whole year long." So foregoing DST seems to be an exception 1202 # (albeit one that may be repeated in the future). 1203 1204 # From Alexander Krivenyshev (2010-03-27): 1205 # According to some news reports Tunis confirmed not to use DST in 2010 1206 # 1207 # (translation): 1208 # "The Tunisian government has decided to abandon DST, which was scheduled on 1209 # Sunday... 1210 # Tunisian authorities had suspended the DST for the first time last year also 1211 # coincided with the month of Ramadan..." 1212 # 1213 # (in Arabic) 1214 # http://www.moheet.com/show_news.aspx?nid=358861&pg=1 1215 # http://www.almadenahnews.com/newss/news.php?c=118&id=38036 1216 # http://www.worldtimezone.com/dst_news/dst_news_tunis02.html 1217 1218 # Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S 1219 Rule Tunisia 1939 only - Apr 15 23:00s 1:00 S 1220 Rule Tunisia 1939 only - Nov 18 23:00s 0 - 1221 Rule Tunisia 1940 only - Feb 25 23:00s 1:00 S 1222 Rule Tunisia 1941 only - Oct 6 0:00 0 - 1223 Rule Tunisia 1942 only - Mar 9 0:00 1:00 S 1224 Rule Tunisia 1942 only - Nov 2 3:00 0 - 1225 Rule Tunisia 1943 only - Mar 29 2:00 1:00 S 1226 Rule Tunisia 1943 only - Apr 17 2:00 0 - 1227 Rule Tunisia 1943 only - Apr 25 2:00 1:00 S 1228 Rule Tunisia 1943 only - Oct 4 2:00 0 - 1229 Rule Tunisia 1944 1945 - Apr Mon>=1 2:00 1:00 S 1230 Rule Tunisia 1944 only - Oct 8 0:00 0 - 1231 Rule Tunisia 1945 only - Sep 16 0:00 0 - 1232 Rule Tunisia 1977 only - Apr 30 0:00s 1:00 S 1233 Rule Tunisia 1977 only - Sep 24 0:00s 0 - 1234 Rule Tunisia 1978 only - May 1 0:00s 1:00 S 1235 Rule Tunisia 1978 only - Oct 1 0:00s 0 - 1236 Rule Tunisia 1988 only - Jun 1 0:00s 1:00 S 1237 Rule Tunisia 1988 1990 - Sep lastSun 0:00s 0 - 1238 Rule Tunisia 1989 only - Mar 26 0:00s 1:00 S 1239 Rule Tunisia 1990 only - May 1 0:00s 1:00 S 1240 Rule Tunisia 2005 only - May 1 0:00s 1:00 S 1241 Rule Tunisia 2005 only - Sep 30 1:00s 0 - 1242 Rule Tunisia 2006 2008 - Mar lastSun 2:00s 1:00 S 1243 Rule Tunisia 2006 2008 - Oct lastSun 2:00s 0 - 1244 1245 # Shanks & Pottenger give 0:09:20 for Paris Mean Time; go with Howse's 1246 # more precise 0:09:21. 1247 # Shanks & Pottenger say the 1911 switch was on Mar 9; go with Howse's Mar 11. 1248 # Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] 1249 Zone Africa/Tunis 0:40:44 - LMT 1881 May 12 1250 0:09:21 - PMT 1911 Mar 11 # Paris Mean Time 1251 1:00 Tunisia CE%sT 1252 1253 # Uganda 1254 # See Africa/Nairobi. 1255 1256 # Zambia 1257 # Zimbabwe 1258 # See Africa/Maputo. 1259
Indexes created Sun Apr 26 00:22:38 UTC 2026