africa revision 1.1.1.33.2.1
1 # tzdb data for Africa and environs 2 3 # This file is in the public domain, so clarified as of 4 # 2009-05-17 by Arthur David Olson. 5 6 # This file is by no means authoritative; if you think you know better, 7 # go ahead and edit the file (and please send any changes to 8 # tz (a] iana.org for general use in the future). For more, please see 9 # the file CONTRIBUTING in the tz distribution. 10 11 # From Paul Eggert (2018-05-27): 12 # 13 # Unless otherwise specified, the source for data through 1990 is: 14 # Thomas G. Shanks and Rique Pottenger, The International Atlas (6th edition), 15 # San Diego: ACS Publications, Inc. (2003). 16 # Unfortunately this book contains many errors and cites no sources. 17 # 18 # Many years ago Gwillim Law wrote that a good source 19 # for time zone data was the International Air Transport 20 # Association's Standard Schedules Information Manual (IATA SSIM), 21 # published semiannually. Law sent in several helpful summaries 22 # of the IATA's data after 1990. Except where otherwise noted, 23 # IATA SSIM is the source for entries after 1990. 24 # 25 # Another source occasionally used is Edward W. Whitman, World Time Differences, 26 # Whitman Publishing Co, 2 Niagara Av, Ealing, London (undated), which 27 # I found in the UCLA library. 28 # 29 # For data circa 1899, a common source is: 30 # Milne J. Civil time. Geogr J. 1899 Feb;13(2):173-94. 31 # https://www.jstor.org/stable/1774359 32 # 33 # For the 1911/1912 establishment of standard time in French possessions, see: 34 # Socit Franaise de Physique, Recueil de constantes physiques (1913), 35 # page 752, 18b. 36 # 37 # European-style abbreviations are commonly used along the Mediterranean. 38 # For sub-Saharan Africa abbreviations were less standardized. 39 # Previous editions of this database used WAT, CAT, SAT, and EAT 40 # for UT +00 through +03, respectively, 41 # but in 1997 Mark R V Murray reported that 42 # 'SAST' is the official abbreviation for +02 in the country of South Africa, 43 # 'CAT' is commonly used for +02 in countries north of South Africa, and 44 # 'WAT' is probably the best name for +01, as the common phrase for 45 # the area that includes Nigeria is "West Africa". 46 # 47 # To summarize, the following abbreviations seemed to have some currency: 48 # +00 GMT Greenwich Mean Time 49 # +02 CAT Central Africa Time 50 # +02 SAST South Africa Standard Time 51 # and Murray suggested the following abbreviation: 52 # +01 WAT West Africa Time 53 # Murray's suggestion seems to have caught on in news reports and the like. 54 # I vaguely recall 'WAT' also being used for -01 in the past but 55 # cannot now come up with solid citations. 56 # 57 # I invented the following abbreviations in the 1990s: 58 # +02 WAST West Africa Summer Time 59 # +03 CAST Central Africa Summer Time 60 # +03 SAST South Africa Summer Time 61 # +03 EAT East Africa Time 62 # 'EAT' seems to have caught on and is in current timestamps, and though 63 # the other abbreviations are rarer and are only in past timestamps, 64 # they are paired with better-attested non-DST abbreviations. 65 # Corrections are welcome. 66 67 # Algeria 68 # Rule NAME FROM TO - IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S 69 Rule Algeria 1916 only - Jun 14 23:00s 1:00 S 70 Rule Algeria 1916 1919 - Oct Sun>=1 23:00s 0 - 71 Rule Algeria 1917 only - Mar 24 23:00s 1:00 S 72 Rule Algeria 1918 only - Mar 9 23:00s 1:00 S 73 Rule Algeria 1919 only - Mar 1 23:00s 1:00 S 74 Rule Algeria 1920 only - Feb 14 23:00s 1:00 S 75 Rule Algeria 1920 only - Oct 23 23:00s 0 - 76 Rule Algeria 1921 only - Mar 14 23:00s 1:00 S 77 Rule Algeria 1921 only - Jun 21 23:00s 0 - 78 Rule Algeria 1939 only - Sep 11 23:00s 1:00 S 79 Rule Algeria 1939 only - Nov 19 1:00 0 - 80 Rule Algeria 1944 1945 - Apr Mon>=1 2:00 1:00 S 81 Rule Algeria 1944 only - Oct 8 2:00 0 - 82 Rule Algeria 1945 only - Sep 16 1:00 0 - 83 Rule Algeria 1971 only - Apr 25 23:00s 1:00 S 84 Rule Algeria 1971 only - Sep 26 23:00s 0 - 85 Rule Algeria 1977 only - May 6 0:00 1:00 S 86 Rule Algeria 1977 only - Oct 21 0:00 0 - 87 Rule Algeria 1978 only - Mar 24 1:00 1:00 S 88 Rule Algeria 1978 only - Sep 22 3:00 0 - 89 Rule Algeria 1980 only - Apr 25 0:00 1:00 S 90 Rule Algeria 1980 only - Oct 31 2:00 0 - 91 # See Europe/Paris for PMT-related transitions. 92 # Zone NAME STDOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] 93 Zone Africa/Algiers 0:12:12 - LMT 1891 Mar 16 94 0:09:21 - PMT 1911 Mar 11 # Paris Mean Time 95 0:00 Algeria WE%sT 1940 Feb 25 2:00 96 1:00 Algeria CE%sT 1946 Oct 7 97 0:00 - WET 1956 Jan 29 98 1:00 - CET 1963 Apr 14 99 0:00 Algeria WE%sT 1977 Oct 21 100 1:00 Algeria CE%sT 1979 Oct 26 101 0:00 Algeria WE%sT 1981 May 102 1:00 - CET 103 104 # Angola 105 # Zone NAME STDOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] 106 Zone Africa/Luanda 0:52:56 - LMT 1892 107 0:52:04 - LMT 1911 Dec 31 23:00u # Luanda MT? 108 1:00 - WAT 109 110 # Benin 111 # Zone NAME STDOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] 112 Zone Africa/Porto-Novo 0:10:28 - LMT 1912 Jan 1 113 0:00 - GMT 1934 Feb 26 114 1:00 - WAT 115 116 # Botswana 117 # Zone NAME STDOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] 118 Zone Africa/Gaborone 1:43:40 - LMT 1885 119 1:30 - SAST 1903 Mar 120 2:00 - CAT 1943 Sep 19 2:00 121 2:00 1:00 CAST 1944 Mar 19 2:00 122 2:00 - CAT 123 124 # Burkina Faso 125 # Zone NAME STDOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] 126 Zone Africa/Ouagadougou -0:06:04 - LMT 1912 127 0:00 - GMT 128 129 # Burundi 130 # Zone NAME STDOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] 131 Zone Africa/Bujumbura 1:57:28 - LMT 1890 132 2:00 - CAT 133 134 # Cameroon 135 # Zone NAME STDOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] 136 Zone Africa/Douala 0:38:48 - LMT 1912 137 1:00 - WAT 138 139 # Cape Verde / Cabo Verde 140 # 141 # From Tim Parenti (2024-07-01), per Paul Eggert (2018-02-16): 142 # For timestamps before independence, see commentary for Europe/Lisbon. 143 # Shanks gives 1907 instead for the transition to -02. 144 # 145 # Zone NAME STDOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] 146 Zone Atlantic/Cape_Verde -1:34:04 - LMT 1912 Jan 01 2:00u # Praia 147 -2:00 - %z 1942 Sep 148 -2:00 1:00 %z 1945 Oct 15 149 -2:00 - %z 1975 Nov 25 2:00 150 -1:00 - %z 151 152 # Central African Republic 153 # Zone NAME STDOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] 154 Zone Africa/Bangui 1:14:20 - LMT 1912 155 1:00 - WAT 156 157 # Chad 158 # Zone NAME STDOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] 159 Zone Africa/Ndjamena 1:00:12 - LMT 1912 Jan 1 # N'Djamena 160 1:00 - WAT 1979 Oct 14 161 1:00 1:00 WAST 1980 Mar 8 162 1:00 - WAT 163 164 # Comoros 165 # Zone NAME STDOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] 166 Zone Indian/Comoro 2:53:04 - LMT 1911 Jul # Moroni, Gran Comoro 167 3:00 - EAT 168 169 # Democratic Republic of the Congo 170 # Zone NAME STDOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] 171 Zone Africa/Kinshasa 1:01:12 - LMT 1897 Nov 9 172 1:00 - WAT 173 174 # Zone NAME STDOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] 175 Zone Africa/Lubumbashi 1:49:52 - LMT 1897 Nov 9 176 1:00 - WAT 1920 Apr 25 177 2:00 - CAT 178 179 # Republic of the Congo 180 # Zone NAME STDOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] 181 Zone Africa/Brazzaville 1:01:08 - LMT 1912 182 1:00 - WAT 183 184 # Cte d'Ivoire (Ivory Coast) 185 186 # The other parts of the St Helena territory are similar: 187 # Tristan da Cunha: on GMT, say Whitman and the CIA 188 # Ascension: on GMT, say the USNO (1995-12-21) and the CIA 189 # Gough (scientific station since 1955; sealers wintered previously): 190 # on GMT, says the CIA 191 # Inaccessible, Nightingale: uninhabited 192 193 # Zone NAME STDOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] 194 Zone Africa/Abidjan -0:16:08 - LMT 1912 Jan 1 195 0:00 - GMT 196 197 # Djibouti 198 # Zone NAME STDOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] 199 Zone Africa/Djibouti 2:52:36 - LMT 1911 Jul 200 3:00 - EAT 201 202 203 ############################################################################### 204 205 # Egypt 206 207 # Milne says Cairo used 2:05:08.9, the local mean time of the Abbasizeh 208 # observatory. Milne also says that the official time for 209 # Egypt was mean noon at the Great Pyramid, 2:04:30.5, but apparently this 210 # did not apply to Cairo, Alexandria, or Port Said. 211 212 # Rule NAME FROM TO - IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S 213 Rule Egypt 1940 only - Jul 15 0:00 1:00 S 214 Rule Egypt 1940 only - Oct 1 0:00 0 - 215 Rule Egypt 1941 only - Apr 15 0:00 1:00 S 216 Rule Egypt 1941 only - Sep 16 0:00 0 - 217 Rule Egypt 1942 1944 - Apr 1 0:00 1:00 S 218 Rule Egypt 1942 only - Oct 27 0:00 0 - 219 Rule Egypt 1943 1945 - Nov 1 0:00 0 - 220 Rule Egypt 1945 only - Apr 16 0:00 1:00 S 221 Rule Egypt 1957 only - May 10 0:00 1:00 S 222 Rule Egypt 1957 1958 - Oct 1 0:00 0 - 223 Rule Egypt 1958 only - May 1 0:00 1:00 S 224 Rule Egypt 1959 1981 - May 1 1:00 1:00 S 225 Rule Egypt 1959 1965 - Sep 30 3:00 0 - 226 Rule Egypt 1966 1994 - Oct 1 3:00 0 - 227 Rule Egypt 1982 only - Jul 25 1:00 1:00 S 228 Rule Egypt 1983 only - Jul 12 1:00 1:00 S 229 Rule Egypt 1984 1988 - May 1 1:00 1:00 S 230 Rule Egypt 1989 only - May 6 1:00 1:00 S 231 Rule Egypt 1990 1994 - May 1 1:00 1:00 S 232 # IATA (after 1990) says transitions are at 0:00. 233 # Go with IATA starting in 1995, except correct 1995 entry from 09-30 to 09-29. 234 235 # From Alexander Krivenyshev (2011-04-20): 236 # "...Egypt's interim cabinet decided on Wednesday to cancel daylight 237 # saving time after a poll posted on its website showed the majority of 238 # Egyptians would approve the cancellation." 239 # 240 # Egypt to cancel daylight saving time 241 # http://www.almasryalyoum.com/en/node/407168 242 # or 243 # http://www.worldtimezone.com/dst_news/dst_news_egypt04.html 244 Rule Egypt 1995 2010 - Apr lastFri 0:00s 1:00 S 245 Rule Egypt 1995 2005 - Sep lastThu 24:00 0 - 246 # From Steffen Thorsen (2006-09-19): 247 # The Egyptian Gazette, issue 41,090 (2006-09-18), page 1, reports: 248 # Egypt will turn back clocks by one hour at the midnight of Thursday 249 # after observing the daylight saving time since May. 250 # http://news.gom.com.eg/gazette/pdf/2006/09/18/01.pdf 251 Rule Egypt 2006 only - Sep 21 24:00 0 - 252 # From Dirk Losch (2007-08-14): 253 # I received a mail from an airline which says that the daylight 254 # saving time in Egypt will end in the night of 2007-09-06 to 2007-09-07. 255 # From Jesper Nrgaard Welen (2007-08-15): [The following agree:] 256 # http://www.nentjes.info/Bill/bill5.htm 257 # https://www.timeanddate.com/worldclock/city.html?n=53 258 # From Steffen Thorsen (2007-09-04): The official information...: 259 # http://www.sis.gov.eg/En/EgyptOnline/Miscellaneous/000002/0207000000000000001580.htm 260 Rule Egypt 2007 only - Sep Thu>=1 24:00 0 - 261 # From Abdelrahman Hassan (2007-09-06): 262 # Due to the Hijri (lunar Islamic calendar) year being 11 days shorter 263 # than the year of the Gregorian calendar, Ramadan shifts earlier each 264 # year. This year it will be observed September 13 (September is quite 265 # hot in Egypt), and the idea is to make fasting easier for workers by 266 # shifting business hours one hour out of daytime heat. Consequently, 267 # unless discontinued, next DST may end Thursday 28 August 2008. 268 # From Paul Eggert (2007-08-17): 269 # For lack of better info, assume the new rule is last Thursday in August. 270 271 # From Petr Machata (2009-04-06): 272 # The following appeared in Red Hat bugzilla[1] (edited): 273 # 274 # > $ zdump -v /usr/share/zoneinfo/Africa/Cairo | grep 2009 275 # > /usr/share/zoneinfo/Africa/Cairo Thu Apr 23 21:59:59 2009 UTC = Thu = 276 # Apr 23 277 # > 23:59:59 2009 EET isdst=0 gmtoff=7200 278 # > /usr/share/zoneinfo/Africa/Cairo Thu Apr 23 22:00:00 2009 UTC = Fri = 279 # Apr 24 280 # > 01:00:00 2009 EEST isdst=1 gmtoff=10800 281 # > /usr/share/zoneinfo/Africa/Cairo Thu Aug 27 20:59:59 2009 UTC = Thu = 282 # Aug 27 283 # > 23:59:59 2009 EEST isdst=1 gmtoff=10800 284 # > /usr/share/zoneinfo/Africa/Cairo Thu Aug 27 21:00:00 2009 UTC = Thu = 285 # Aug 27 286 # > 23:00:00 2009 EET isdst=0 gmtoff=7200 287 # 288 # > end date should be Thu Sep 24 2009 (Last Thursday in September at 23:59= 289 # :59) 290 # > http://support.microsoft.com/kb/958729/ 291 # 292 # timeanddate[2] and another site I've found[3] also support that. 293 # 294 # [1] https://bugzilla.redhat.com/show_bug.cgi?id=492263 295 # [2] https://www.timeanddate.com/worldclock/clockchange.html?n=53 296 # [3] https://wwp.greenwichmeantime.com/time-zone/africa/egypt/ 297 298 # From Arthur David Olson (2009-04-20): 299 # In 2009 (and for the next several years), Ramadan ends before the fourth 300 # Thursday in September; Egypt is expected to revert to the last Thursday 301 # in September. 302 303 # From Steffen Thorsen (2009-08-11): 304 # We have been able to confirm the August change with the Egyptian Cabinet 305 # Information and Decision Support Center: 306 # https://www.timeanddate.com/news/time/egypt-dst-ends-2009.html 307 # 308 # The Middle East News Agency 309 # https://www.mena.org.eg/index.aspx 310 # also reports "Egypt starts winter time on August 21" 311 # today in article numbered "71, 11/08/2009 12:25 GMT." 312 # Only the title above is available without a subscription to their service, 313 # and can be found by searching for "winter" in their search engine 314 # (at least today). 315 316 # From Alexander Krivenyshev (2010-07-20): 317 # According to News from Egypt - Al-Masry Al-Youm Egypt's cabinet has 318 # decided that Daylight Saving Time will not be used in Egypt during 319 # Ramadan. 320 # 321 # Arabic translation: 322 # "Clocks to go back during Ramadan - and then forward again" 323 # http://www.almasryalyoum.com/en/news/clocks-go-back-during-ramadan-and-then-forward-again 324 # http://www.worldtimezone.com/dst_news/dst_news_egypt02.html 325 326 # From Ahmad El-Dardiry (2014-05-07): 327 # Egypt is to change back to Daylight system on May 15 328 # http://english.ahram.org.eg/NewsContent/1/64/100735/Egypt/Politics-/Egypts-government-to-reapply-daylight-saving-time-.aspx 329 330 # From Gunther Vermier (2014-05-13): 331 # our Egypt office confirms that the change will be at 15 May "midnight" (24:00) 332 333 # From Imed Chihi (2014-06-04): 334 # We have finally "located" a precise official reference about the DST changes 335 # in Egypt. The Ministers Cabinet decision is explained at 336 # http://www.cabinet.gov.eg/Media/CabinetMeetingsDetails.aspx?id=347 ... 337 # [T]his (Arabic) site is not accessible outside Egypt, but the page ... 338 # translates into: "With regard to daylight saving time, it is scheduled to 339 # take effect at exactly twelve o'clock this evening, Thursday, 15 MAY 2014, 340 # to be suspended by twelve o'clock on the evening of Thursday, 26 JUN 2014, 341 # and re-established again at the end of the month of Ramadan, at twelve 342 # o'clock on the evening of Thursday, 31 JUL 2014." This statement has been 343 # reproduced by other (more accessible) sites[, e.g.,]... 344 # http://elgornal.net/news/news.aspx?id=4699258 345 346 # From Steffen Thorsen (2015-04-08): 347 # Egypt will start DST on midnight after Thursday, April 30, 2015. 348 # This is based on a law (no 35) from May 15, 2014 saying it starts the last 349 # Thursday of April.... Clocks will still be turned back for Ramadan, but 350 # dates not yet announced.... 351 # http://almogaz.com/news/weird-news/2015/04/05/1947105 ... 352 # https://www.timeanddate.com/news/time/egypt-starts-dst-2015.html 353 354 # From Ahmed Nazmy (2015-04-20): 355 # Egypt's ministers cabinet just announced ... that it will cancel DST at 356 # least for 2015. 357 # 358 # From Tim Parenti (2015-04-20): 359 # http://english.ahram.org.eg/WriterArticles/NewsContentP/1/128195/Egypt/No-daylight-saving-this-summer-Egypts-prime-minist.aspx 360 # "Egypt's cabinet agreed on Monday not to switch clocks for daylight saving 361 # time this summer, and carry out studies on the possibility of canceling the 362 # practice altogether in future years." 363 # 364 # From Paul Eggert (2015-04-24): 365 # Yesterday the office of Egyptian President El-Sisi announced his 366 # decision to abandon DST permanently. See Ahram Online 2015-04-24. 367 # http://english.ahram.org.eg/NewsContent/1/64/128509/Egypt/Politics-/Sisi-cancels-daylight-saving-time-in-Egypt.aspx 368 369 # From Steffen Thorsen (2016-04-29): 370 # Egypt will have DST from July 7 until the end of October.... 371 # http://english.ahram.org.eg/NewsContentP/1/204655/Egypt/Daylight-savings-time-returning-to-Egypt-on--July.aspx 372 # From Mina Samuel (2016-07-04): 373 # Egyptian government took the decision to cancel the DST, 374 375 # From Ahmad ElDardiry (2023-03-01): 376 # Egypt officially announced today that daylight savings will be 377 # applied from last Friday of April to last Thursday of October. 378 # From Paul Eggert (2023-03-01): 379 # Assume transitions are at 00:00 and 24:00 respectively. 380 # From Amir Adib (2023-03-07): 381 # https://www.facebook.com/EgyptianCabinet/posts/638829614954129/ 382 383 Rule Egypt 2008 only - Aug lastThu 24:00 0 - 384 Rule Egypt 2009 only - Aug 20 24:00 0 - 385 Rule Egypt 2010 only - Aug 10 24:00 0 - 386 Rule Egypt 2010 only - Sep 9 24:00 1:00 S 387 Rule Egypt 2010 only - Sep lastThu 24:00 0 - 388 Rule Egypt 2014 only - May 15 24:00 1:00 S 389 Rule Egypt 2014 only - Jun 26 24:00 0 - 390 Rule Egypt 2014 only - Jul 31 24:00 1:00 S 391 Rule Egypt 2014 only - Sep lastThu 24:00 0 - 392 Rule Egypt 2023 max - Apr lastFri 0:00 1:00 S 393 Rule Egypt 2023 max - Oct lastThu 24:00 0 - 394 395 # Zone NAME STDOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] 396 #STDOFF 2:05:08.9 397 Zone Africa/Cairo 2:05:09 - LMT 1900 Oct 398 2:00 Egypt EE%sT 399 400 # Equatorial Guinea 401 # Zone NAME STDOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] 402 Zone Africa/Malabo 0:35:08 - LMT 1912 403 0:00 - GMT 1963 Dec 15 404 1:00 - WAT 405 406 # Eritrea 407 # Zone NAME STDOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] 408 Zone Africa/Asmara 2:35:32 - LMT 1870 409 2:35:32 - AMT 1890 # Asmara Mean Time 410 2:35:20 - ADMT 1936 May 5 # Adis Dera MT 411 3:00 - EAT 412 413 # Eswatini (formerly Swaziland) 414 # Zone NAME STDOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] 415 Zone Africa/Mbabane 2:04:24 - LMT 1903 Mar 416 2:00 - SAST 417 418 # Ethiopia 419 # Zone NAME STDOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] 420 Zone Africa/Addis_Ababa 2:34:48 - LMT 1870 421 2:35:20 - ADMT 1936 May 5 # Adis Dera MT 422 3:00 - EAT 423 424 # Gabon 425 # Zone NAME STDOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] 426 Zone Africa/Libreville 0:37:48 - LMT 1912 427 1:00 - WAT 428 429 # The Gambia 430 # Zone NAME STDOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] 431 Zone Africa/Banjul -1:06:36 - LMT 1912 432 -1:06:36 - BMT 1933 Apr 1 # Banjul Mean Time 433 -1:00 - -01 1942 Feb 1 0:00 434 0:00 - GMT 435 436 # Ghana 437 # Rule NAME FROM TO - IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S 438 Rule Ghana 1919 only - Nov 24 0:00 0:20 +0020 439 Rule Ghana 1920 1942 - Jan 1 2:00 0 GMT 440 Rule Ghana 1920 1939 - Sep 1 2:00 0:20 +0020 441 Rule Ghana 1940 1941 - May 1 2:00 0:20 +0020 442 Rule Ghana 1950 1955 - Sep 1 2:00 0:30 +0030 443 Rule Ghana 1951 1956 - Jan 1 2:00 0 GMT 444 445 # Zone NAME STDOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] 446 Zone Africa/Accra -0:00:52 - LMT 1915 Nov 2 447 0:00 Ghana %s 1942 Feb 8 448 0:30 - +0030 1946 Jan 6 449 0:00 Ghana %s 450 451 # Guinea 452 # Zone NAME STDOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] 453 Zone Africa/Conakry -0:54:52 - LMT 1912 454 0:00 - GMT 1934 Feb 26 455 -1:00 - -01 1960 456 0:00 - GMT 457 458 # Guinea-Bissau 459 # 460 # From Tim Parenti (2024-07-01), per Paul Eggert (2018-02-16): 461 # For timestamps before independence, see commentary for Europe/Lisbon. 462 # 463 # Zone NAME STDOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] 464 Zone Africa/Bissau -1:02:20 - LMT 1912 Jan 1 1:00u 465 -1:00 - %z 1975 466 0:00 - GMT 467 468 # Kenya 469 470 # From P Chan (2020-10-24): 471 # 472 # The standard time of GMT+2:30 was adopted in the East Africa Protectorate.... 473 # [The Official Gazette, 1908-05-01, p 274] 474 # https://books.google.com/books?id=e-cAC-sjPSEC&pg=PA274 475 # 476 # At midnight on 30 June 1928 the clocks throughout Kenya was put forward 477 # half an hour by the Alteration of Time Ordinance, 1928. 478 # https://gazettes.africa/archive/ke/1928/ke-government-gazette-dated-1928-05-11-no-28.pdf 479 # [Ordinance No. 11 of 1928, The Official Gazette, 1928-06-26, p 813] 480 # https://books.google.com/books?id=2S0S6os32ZUC&pg=PA813 481 # 482 # The 1928 ordinance was repealed by the Alteration of Time (repeal) Ordinance, 483 # 1929 and the time was restored to GMT+2:30 at midnight on 4 January 1930. 484 # [Ordinance No. 97 of 1929, The Official Gazette, 1929-12-31, p 2701] 485 # https://books.google.com/books?id=_g18jIZQlwwC&pg=PA2701 486 # 487 # The Alteration of Time Ordinance, 1936 changed the time to GMT+2:45 488 # and repealed the previous ordinance at midnight on 31 December 1936. 489 # [The Official Gazette, 1936-07-21, p 705] 490 # https://books.google.com/books?id=K7j41z0aC5wC&pg=PA705 491 # 492 # The Defence (Amendment of Laws No. 120) Regulations changed the time 493 # to GMT+3 at midnight on 31 July 1942. 494 # [Kenya Official Gazette Supplement No. 32, 1942-07-21, p 331] 495 # https://books.google.com/books?hl=zh-TW&id=c_E-AQAAIAAJ&pg=PA331 496 # The provision of the 1936 ordinance was not repealed and was later 497 # incorporated in the Interpretation and General Clauses Ordinance in 1948. 498 # Although it was overridden by the 1942 regulations. 499 # [The Laws of Kenya in force on 1948-09-21, Title I, Chapter 1, 31] 500 # https://dds.crl.edu/item/217517 (p.101) 501 # In 1950 the Interpretation and General Clauses Ordinance was amended to adopt 502 # GMT+3 permanently as the 1942 regulations were due to expire on 10 December. 503 # https://books.google.com/books?id=jvR8mUDAwR0C&pg=PA787 504 # [Ordinance No. 44 of 1950, Kenya Ordinances 1950, Vol. XXIX, p 294] 505 # https://books.google.com/books?id=-_dQAQAAMAAJ&pg=PA294 506 507 # From Paul Eggert (2020-10-24): 508 # The 1908-05-01 announcement does not give an effective date, 509 # so just say "1908 May". 510 511 # From Paul Eggert (2018-09-11): 512 # Unfortunately tzdb records only Western clock time in use in Ethiopia, 513 # as the tzdb format is not up to properly recording a common Ethiopian 514 # timekeeping practice that is based on solar time. See: 515 # Mortada D. If you have a meeting in Ethiopia, you'd better double 516 # check the time. PRI's The World. 2015-01-30 15:15 -05. 517 # https://www.pri.org/stories/2015-01-30/if-you-have-meeting-ethiopia-you-better-double-check-time 518 519 # Zone NAME STDOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] 520 Zone Africa/Nairobi 2:27:16 - LMT 1908 May 521 2:30 - %z 1928 Jun 30 24:00 522 3:00 - EAT 1930 Jan 4 24:00 523 2:30 - %z 1936 Dec 31 24:00 524 2:45 - %z 1942 Jul 31 24:00 525 3:00 - EAT 526 527 # Lesotho 528 # Zone NAME STDOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] 529 Zone Africa/Maseru 1:50:00 - LMT 1903 Mar 530 2:00 - SAST 1943 Sep 19 2:00 531 2:00 1:00 SAST 1944 Mar 19 2:00 532 2:00 - SAST 533 534 # Liberia 535 # 536 # From Paul Eggert (2017-03-02): 537 # 538 # The Nautical Almanac for the Year 1970, p 264, is the source for -0:44:30. 539 # 540 # In 1972 Liberia was the last country to switch from a UT offset 541 # that was not a multiple of 15 or 20 minutes. The 1972 change was on 542 # 1972-01-07, according to an entry dated 1972-01-04 on p 330 of: 543 # Presidential Papers: First year of the administration of 544 # President William R. Tolbert, Jr., July 23, 1971-July 31, 1972. 545 # Monrovia: Executive Mansion. 546 # 547 # Use the abbreviation "MMT" before 1972, as the more accurate numeric 548 # abbreviation "-004430" would be one byte over the POSIX limit. 549 # 550 # Zone NAME STDOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] 551 Zone Africa/Monrovia -0:43:08 - LMT 1882 552 -0:43:08 - MMT 1919 Mar # Monrovia Mean Time 553 -0:44:30 - MMT 1972 Jan 7 # approximately MMT 554 0:00 - GMT 555 556 ############################################################################### 557 558 # Libya 559 560 # From Even Scharning (2012-11-10): 561 # Libya set their time one hour back at 02:00 on Saturday November 10. 562 # https://www.libyaherald.com/2012/11/04/clocks-to-go-back-an-hour-on-saturday/ 563 # Here is an official source [in Arabic]: http://ls.ly/fb6Yc 564 # 565 # Steffen Thorsen forwarded a translation (2012-11-10) in 566 # https://mm.icann.org/pipermail/tz/2012-November/018451.html 567 # 568 # From Tim Parenti (2012-11-11): 569 # Treat the 2012-11-10 change as a zone change from UTC+2 to UTC+1. 570 # The DST rules planned for 2013 and onward roughly mirror those of Europe 571 # (either two days before them or five days after them, so as to fall on 572 # lastFri instead of lastSun). 573 574 # From Even Scharning (2013-10-25): 575 # The scheduled end of DST in Libya on Friday, October 25, 2013 was 576 # cancelled yesterday.... 577 # https://www.libyaherald.com/2013/10/24/correction-no-time-change-tomorrow/ 578 # 579 # From Paul Eggert (2013-10-25): 580 # For now, assume they're reverting to the pre-2012 rules of permanent UT +02. 581 582 # Rule NAME FROM TO - IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S 583 Rule Libya 1951 only - Oct 14 2:00 1:00 S 584 Rule Libya 1952 only - Jan 1 0:00 0 - 585 Rule Libya 1953 only - Oct 9 2:00 1:00 S 586 Rule Libya 1954 only - Jan 1 0:00 0 - 587 Rule Libya 1955 only - Sep 30 0:00 1:00 S 588 Rule Libya 1956 only - Jan 1 0:00 0 - 589 Rule Libya 1982 1984 - Apr 1 0:00 1:00 S 590 Rule Libya 1982 1985 - Oct 1 0:00 0 - 591 Rule Libya 1985 only - Apr 6 0:00 1:00 S 592 Rule Libya 1986 only - Apr 4 0:00 1:00 S 593 Rule Libya 1986 only - Oct 3 0:00 0 - 594 Rule Libya 1987 1989 - Apr 1 0:00 1:00 S 595 Rule Libya 1987 1989 - Oct 1 0:00 0 - 596 Rule Libya 1997 only - Apr 4 0:00 1:00 S 597 Rule Libya 1997 only - Oct 4 0:00 0 - 598 Rule Libya 2013 only - Mar lastFri 1:00 1:00 S 599 Rule Libya 2013 only - Oct lastFri 2:00 0 - 600 # Zone NAME STDOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] 601 Zone Africa/Tripoli 0:52:44 - LMT 1920 602 1:00 Libya CE%sT 1959 603 2:00 - EET 1982 604 1:00 Libya CE%sT 1990 May 4 605 # The 1996 and 1997 entries are from Shanks & Pottenger; 606 # the IATA SSIM data entries contain some obvious errors. 607 2:00 - EET 1996 Sep 30 608 1:00 Libya CE%sT 1997 Oct 4 609 2:00 - EET 2012 Nov 10 2:00 610 1:00 Libya CE%sT 2013 Oct 25 2:00 611 2:00 - EET 612 613 # Madagascar 614 # Zone NAME STDOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] 615 Zone Indian/Antananarivo 3:10:04 - LMT 1911 Jul 616 3:00 - EAT 1954 Feb 27 23:00s 617 3:00 1:00 EAST 1954 May 29 23:00s 618 3:00 - EAT 619 620 # Malawi 621 # Zone NAME STDOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] 622 Zone Africa/Blantyre 2:20:00 - LMT 1911 Jul 24 623 2:21:10 - ZMT 1914 Jun 30 # Zomba Mean Time 624 2:21 - ZMT 1925 Jul 1 625 2:00 - CAT 626 627 # Mali 628 # Zone NAME STDOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] 629 Zone Africa/Bamako -0:32:00 - LMT 1912 630 0:00 - GMT 1934 Feb 26 631 -1:00 - -01 1960 Jun 20 632 0:00 - GMT 633 #PACKRATLIST zone.tab Link Africa/Bamako Africa/Timbuktu 634 635 # Mauritania 636 # Zone NAME STDOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] 637 Zone Africa/Nouakchott -1:03:48 - LMT 1912 638 0:00 - GMT 1934 Feb 26 639 -1:00 - -01 1960 Nov 28 640 0:00 - GMT 641 642 # Mauritius 643 644 # From Steffen Thorsen (2008-06-25): 645 # Mauritius plans to observe DST from 2008-11-01 to 2009-03-31 on a trial 646 # basis.... 647 # It seems that Mauritius observed daylight saving time from 1982-10-10 to 648 # 1983-03-20 as well, but that was not successful.... 649 # https://www.timeanddate.com/news/time/mauritius-daylight-saving-time.html 650 651 # From Alex Krivenyshev (2008-06-25): 652 # http://economicdevelopment.gov.mu/portal/site/Mainhomepage/menuitem.a42b24128104d9845dabddd154508a0c/?content_id=0a7cee8b5d69a110VgnVCM1000000a04a8c0RCRD 653 654 # From Arthur David Olson (2008-06-30): 655 # The www.timeanddate.com article cited by Steffen Thorsen notes that "A 656 # final decision has yet to be made on the times that daylight saving 657 # would begin and end on these dates." As a place holder, use midnight. 658 659 # From Paul Eggert (2008-06-30): 660 # Follow Thorsen on DST in 1982/1983, instead of Shanks & Pottenger. 661 662 # From Steffen Thorsen (2008-07-10): 663 # According to 664 # http://www.lexpress.mu/display_article.php?news_id=111216 665 # (in French), Mauritius will start and end their DST a few days earlier 666 # than previously announced (2008-11-01 to 2009-03-31). The new start 667 # date is 2008-10-26 at 02:00 and the new end date is 2009-03-27 (no time 668 # given, but it is probably at either 2 or 3 wall clock time). 669 # 670 # A little strange though, since the article says that they moved the date 671 # to align itself with Europe and USA which also change time on that date, 672 # but that means they have not paid attention to what happened in 673 # USA/Canada last year (DST ends first Sunday in November). I also wonder 674 # why that they end on a Friday, instead of aligning with Europe which 675 # changes two days later. 676 677 # From Alex Krivenyshev (2008-07-11): 678 # Seems that English language article "The revival of daylight saving 679 # time: Energy conservation?"- No. 16578 (07/11/2008) was originally 680 # published on Monday, June 30, 2008... 681 # 682 # I guess that article in French "Le gouvernement avance l'introduction 683 # de l'heure d't" stating that DST in Mauritius starting on October 26 684 # and ending on March 27, 2009 is the most recent one.... 685 # http://www.worldtimezone.com/dst_news/dst_news_mauritius02.html 686 687 # From Riad M. Hossen Ally (2008-08-03): 688 # The Government of Mauritius weblink 689 # http://www.gov.mu/portal/site/pmosite/menuitem.4ca0efdee47462e7440a600248a521ca/?content_id=4728ca68b2a5b110VgnVCM1000000a04a8c0RCRD 690 # Cabinet Decision of July 18th, 2008 states as follows: 691 # 692 # 4. ...Cabinet has agreed to the introduction into the National Assembly 693 # of the Time Bill which provides for the introduction of summer time in 694 # Mauritius. The summer time period which will be of one hour ahead of 695 # the standard time, will be aligned with that in Europe and the United 696 # States of America. It will start at two o'clock in the morning on the 697 # last Sunday of October and will end at two o'clock in the morning on 698 # the last Sunday of March the following year. The summer time for the 699 # year 2008-2009 will, therefore, be effective as from 26 October 2008 700 # and end on 29 March 2009. 701 702 # From Ed Maste (2008-10-07): 703 # THE TIME BILL (No. XXVII of 2008) Explanatory Memorandum states the 704 # beginning / ending of summer time is 2 o'clock standard time in the 705 # morning of the last Sunday of October / last Sunday of March. 706 # http://www.gov.mu/portal/goc/assemblysite/file/bill2708.pdf 707 708 # From Steffen Thorsen (2009-06-05): 709 # According to several sources, Mauritius will not continue to observe 710 # DST the coming summer... 711 # 712 # Some sources, in French: 713 # http://www.defimedia.info/news/946/Rashid-Beebeejaun-:--L%E2%80%99heure-d%E2%80%99t-ne-sera-pas-applique-cette-anne- 714 # http://lexpress.mu/Story/3398~Beebeejaun---Les-objectifs-d-conomie-d-nergie-de-l-heure-d-t-ont-t-atteints- 715 # 716 # Our wrap-up: 717 # https://www.timeanddate.com/news/time/mauritius-dst-will-not-repeat.html 718 719 # From Arthur David Olson (2009-07-11): 720 # The "mauritius-dst-will-not-repeat" wrapup includes this: 721 # "The trial ended on March 29, 2009, when the clocks moved back by one hour 722 # at 2am (or 02:00) local time..." 723 724 # Rule NAME FROM TO - IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S 725 Rule Mauritius 1982 only - Oct 10 0:00 1:00 - 726 Rule Mauritius 1983 only - Mar 21 0:00 0 - 727 Rule Mauritius 2008 only - Oct lastSun 2:00 1:00 - 728 Rule Mauritius 2009 only - Mar lastSun 2:00 0 - 729 # Zone NAME STDOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] 730 Zone Indian/Mauritius 3:50:00 - LMT 1907 # Port Louis 731 4:00 Mauritius %z 732 # Agalega Is, Rodriguez 733 # no information; probably like Indian/Mauritius 734 735 736 # Morocco 737 # See Africa/Ceuta for Spanish Morocco. 738 739 # Mayotte 740 # Zone NAME STDOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] 741 Zone Indian/Mayotte 3:00:56 - LMT 1911 Jul # Mamoutzou 742 3:00 - EAT 743 744 # Morocco 745 746 # From Alex Krivenyshev (2008-05-09): 747 # Here is an article that Morocco plan to introduce Daylight Saving Time between 748 # 1 June, 2008 and 27 September, 2008. 749 # 750 # "... Morocco is to save energy by adjusting its clock during summer so it will 751 # be one hour ahead of GMT between 1 June and 27 September, according to 752 # Communication Minister and Government Spokesman, Khalid Naciri...." 753 # 754 # http://www.worldtimezone.com/dst_news/dst_news_morocco01.html 755 # http://en.afrik.com/news11892.html 756 757 # From Alex Krivenyshev (2008-05-09): 758 # The Morocco time change can be confirmed on Morocco web site Maghreb Arabe 759 # Presse: 760 # http://www.map.ma/eng/sections/box3/morocco_shifts_to_da/view 761 # 762 # Morocco shifts to daylight time on June 1st through September 27, Govt. 763 # spokesman. 764 765 # From Patrice Scattolin (2008-05-09): 766 # According to this article: 767 # https://www.avmaroc.com/actualite/heure-dete-comment-a127896.html 768 # (and republished here: <http://www.actu.ma/heure-dete-comment_i127896_0.html>) 769 # the changes occur at midnight: 770 # 771 # Saturday night May 31st at midnight (which in French is to be 772 # interpreted as the night between Saturday and Sunday) 773 # Sunday night the 28th at midnight 774 # 775 # Seeing that the 28th is Monday, I am guessing that she intends to say 776 # the midnight of the 28th which is the midnight between Sunday and 777 # Monday, which jives with other sources that say that it's inclusive 778 # June 1st to Sept 27th. 779 # 780 # The decision was taken by decree *2-08-224 *but I can't find the decree 781 # published on the web. 782 # 783 # It's also confirmed here: 784 # http://www.maroc.ma/NR/exeres/FACF141F-D910-44B0-B7FA-6E03733425D1.htm 785 # on a government portal as being between June 1st and Sept 27th (not yet 786 # posted in English). 787 # 788 # The following Google query will generate many relevant hits: 789 # https://www.google.com/search?hl=en&q=Conseil+de+gouvernement+maroc+heure+avance&btnG=Search 790 791 # From Steffen Thorsen (2008-08-27): 792 # Morocco will change the clocks back on the midnight between August 31 793 # and September 1. They originally planned to observe DST to near the end 794 # of September: 795 # 796 # One article about it (in French): 797 # http://www.menara.ma/fr/Actualites/Maroc/Societe/ci.retour_a_l_heure_gmt_a_partir_du_dimanche_31_aout_a_minuit_officiel_.default 798 # 799 # We have some further details posted here: 800 # https://www.timeanddate.com/news/time/morocco-ends-dst-early-2008.html 801 802 # From Steffen Thorsen (2009-03-17): 803 # Morocco will observe DST from 2009-06-01 00:00 to 2009-08-21 00:00 according 804 # to many sources, such as 805 # http://news.marweb.com/morocco/entertainment/morocco-daylight-saving.html 806 # http://www.medi1sat.ma/fr/depeche.aspx?idp=2312 807 # (French) 808 # 809 # Our summary: 810 # https://www.timeanddate.com/news/time/morocco-starts-dst-2009.html 811 812 # From Alexander Krivenyshev (2009-03-17): 813 # Here is a link to official document from Royaume du Maroc Premier Ministre, 814 # Ministre de la Modernisation des Secteurs Publics 815 # 816 # Under Article 1 of Royal Decree No. 455-67 of Act 23 safar 1387 (2 June 1967) 817 # concerning the amendment of the legal time, the Ministry of Modernization of 818 # Public Sectors announced that the official time in the Kingdom will be 819 # advanced 60 minutes from Sunday 31 May 2009 at midnight. 820 # 821 # http://www.mmsp.gov.ma/francais/Actualites_fr/PDF_Actualites_Fr/HeureEte_FR.pdf 822 # http://www.worldtimezone.com/dst_news/dst_news_morocco03.html 823 824 # From Steffen Thorsen (2010-04-13): 825 # Several news media in Morocco report that the Ministry of Modernization 826 # of Public Sectors has announced that Morocco will have DST from 827 # 2010-05-02 to 2010-08-08. 828 # 829 # Example: 830 # http://www.lavieeco.com/actualites/4099-le-maroc-passera-a-l-heure-d-ete-gmt1-le-2-mai.html 831 # (French) 832 # Our page: 833 # https://www.timeanddate.com/news/time/morocco-starts-dst-2010.html 834 835 # From Dan Abitol (2011-03-30): 836 # ...Rules for Africa/Casablanca are the following (24h format) 837 # The 3rd April 2011 at 00:00:00, [it] will be 3rd April 01:00:00 838 # The 31st July 2011 at 00:59:59, [it] will be 31st July 00:00:00 839 # ...Official links of change in morocco 840 # The change was broadcast on the FM Radio 841 # I ve called ANRT (telecom regulations in Morocco) at 842 # +212.537.71.84.00 843 # http://www.anrt.net.ma/fr/ 844 # They said that 845 # http://www.map.ma/fr/sections/accueil/l_heure_legale_au_ma/view 846 # is the official publication to look at. 847 # They said that the decision was already taken. 848 # 849 # More articles in the press 850 # https://www.yabiladi.com/articles/details/5058/secret-l-heure-d-ete-maroc-leve.html 851 # http://www.lematin.ma/Actualite/Express/Article.asp?id=148923 852 # http://www.lavieeco.com/actualite/Le-Maroc-passe-sur-GMT+1-a-partir-de-dim 853 854 # From Petr Machata (2011-03-30): 855 # They have it written in English here: 856 # http://www.map.ma/eng/sections/home/morocco_to_spring_fo/view 857 # 858 # It says there that "Morocco will resume its standard time on July 31, 859 # 2011 at midnight." Now they don't say whether they mean midnight of 860 # wall clock time (i.e. 11pm UTC), but that's what I would assume. It has 861 # also been like that in the past. 862 863 # From Alexander Krivenyshev (2012-03-09): 864 # According to Infomdiaire web site from Morocco (infomediaire.ma), 865 # on March 9, 2012, (in French) Heure lgale: 866 # Le Maroc adopte officiellement l'heure d't 867 # http://www.infomediaire.ma/news/maroc/heure-lgale-le-maroc-adopte-officiellement-lheure-dt 868 # Governing Council adopted draft decree, that Morocco DST starts on 869 # the last Sunday of March (March 25, 2012) and ends on 870 # last Sunday of September (September 30, 2012) 871 # except the month of Ramadan. 872 # or (brief) 873 # http://www.worldtimezone.com/dst_news/dst_news_morocco06.html 874 875 # From Arthur David Olson (2012-03-10): 876 # The infomediaire.ma source indicates that the system is to be in 877 # effect every year. It gives 03H00 as the "fall back" time of day; 878 # it lacks a "spring forward" time of day; assume 2:00 XXX. 879 # Wait on specifying the Ramadan exception for details about 880 # start date, start time of day, end date, and end time of day XXX. 881 882 # From Christophe Tropamer (2012-03-16): 883 # Seen Morocco change again: 884 # http://www.le2uminutes.com/actualite.php 885 # "... partir du dernier dimanche d'avril et non fins mars, 886 # comme annonc prcdemment." 887 888 # From Milamber Space Network (2012-07-17): 889 # The official return to GMT is announced by the Moroccan government: 890 # http://www.mmsp.gov.ma/fr/actualites.aspx?id=288 [in French] 891 # 892 # Google translation, lightly edited: 893 # Back to the standard time of the Kingdom (GMT) 894 # Pursuant to Decree No. 2-12-126 issued on 26 Jumada (I) 1433 (April 18, 895 # 2012) and in accordance with the order of Mr. President of the 896 # Government No. 3-47-12 issued on 24 Sha'ban (11 July 2012), the Ministry 897 # of Public Service and Administration Modernization announces the return 898 # of the legal time of the Kingdom (GMT) from Friday, July 20, 2012 until 899 # Monday, August 20, 2012. So the time will be delayed by 60 minutes from 900 # 3:00 am Friday, July 20, 2012 and will again be advanced by 60 minutes 901 # August 20, 2012 from 2:00 am. 902 903 # From Paul Eggert (2013-03-06): 904 # Morocco's daylight-saving transitions due to Ramadan seem to be 905 # announced a bit in advance. On 2012-07-11 the Moroccan government 906 # announced that year's Ramadan daylight-saving transitions would be 907 # 2012-07-20 and 2012-08-20; see 908 # http://www.mmsp.gov.ma/fr/actualites.aspx?id=288 909 910 # From Andrew Paprocki (2013-07-02): 911 # Morocco announced that the year's Ramadan daylight-savings 912 # transitions would be 2013-07-07 and 2013-08-10; see: 913 # http://www.maroc.ma/en/news/morocco-suspends-daylight-saving-time-july-7-aug10 914 915 # From Steffen Thorsen (2013-09-28): 916 # Morocco extends DST by one month, on very short notice, just 1 day 917 # before it was going to end. There is a new decree (2.13.781) for 918 # this, where DST from now on goes from last Sunday of March at 02:00 919 # to last Sunday of October at 03:00, similar to EU rules. Official 920 # source (French): 921 # http://www.maroc.gov.ma/fr/actualites/lhoraire-dete-gmt1-maintenu-jusquau-27-octobre-2013 922 # Another source (specifying the time for start and end in the decree): 923 # http://www.lemag.ma/Heure-d-ete-au-Maroc-jusqu-au-27-octobre_a75620.html 924 925 # From Sebastien Willemijns (2014-03-18): 926 # http://www.afriquinfos.com/articles/2014/3/18/maroc-heure-dete-avancez-tous-horloges-247891.asp 927 928 # From Milamber Space Network (2014-06-05): 929 # The Moroccan government has recently announced that the country will return 930 # to standard time at 03:00 on Saturday, June 28, 2014 local time.... DST 931 # will resume again at 02:00 on Saturday, August 2, 2014.... 932 # http://www.mmsp.gov.ma/fr/actualites.aspx?id=586 933 934 # From Milamber (2015-06-08): 935 # (Google Translation) The hour will thus be delayed 60 minutes 936 # Sunday, June 14 at 3:00, the ministry said in a statement, adding 937 # that the time will be advanced again 60 minutes Sunday, July 19, 938 # 2015 at 2:00. The move comes under 2.12.126 Decree of 26 Jumada I 939 # 1433 (18 April 2012) and the decision of the Head of Government of 940 # 16 N. 3-29-15 Chaaban 1435 (4 June 2015). 941 # Source (french): 942 # https://lnt.ma/le-maroc-reculera-dune-heure-le-dimanche-14-juin/ 943 # 944 # From Milamber (2015-06-09): 945 # http://www.mmsp.gov.ma/fr/actualites.aspx?id=863 946 # 947 # From Michael Deckers (2015-06-09): 948 # [The gov.ma announcement] would (probably) make the switch on 2015-07-19 go 949 # from 03:00 to 04:00 rather than from 02:00 to 03:00, as in the patch.... 950 # I think the patch is correct and the quoted text is wrong; the text in 951 # <https://lnt.ma/le-maroc-reculera-dune-heure-le-dimanche-14-juin/> agrees 952 # with the patch. 953 954 # From Mohamed Essedik Najd (2018-10-26): 955 # Today, a Moroccan government council approved the perpetual addition 956 # of 60 minutes to the regular Moroccan timezone. 957 # From Matt Johnson (2018-10-28): 958 # http://www.sgg.gov.ma/Portals/1/BO/2018/BO_6720-bis_Ar.pdf 959 # 960 # From Maamar Abdelkader (2018-11-01): 961 # We usually move clocks back the previous week end and come back to the +1 962 # the week end after.... The government does not announce yet the decision 963 # about this temporary change. But it s 99% sure that it will be the case, 964 # as in previous years. An unofficial survey was done these days, showing 965 # that 64% of asked people are ok for moving from +1 to +0 during Ramadan. 966 # https://leconomiste.com/article/1035870-enquete-l-economiste-sunergia-64-des-marocains-plebiscitent-le-gmt-pendant-ramadan 967 968 # From Naoufal Semlali (2019-04-16): 969 # Morocco will be on GMT starting from Sunday, May 5th 2019 at 3am. 970 # The switch to GMT+1 will occur on Sunday, June 9th 2019 at 2am.... 971 # http://fr.le360.ma/societe/voici-la-date-du-retour-a-lheure-legale-au-maroc-188222 972 973 # From Semlali Naoufal (2020-04-14): 974 # Following the announcement by the Moroccan government, the switch to 975 # GMT time will take place on Sunday, April 19, 2020 from 3 a.m. and 976 # the return to GMT+1 time will take place on Sunday, May 31, 2020 at 2 a.m.... 977 # https://maroc-diplomatique.net/maroc-le-retour-a-lheure-gmt-est-prevu-dimanche-prochain/ 978 # http://aujourdhui.ma/actualite/gmt1-retour-a-lheure-normale-dimanche-prochain-1 979 # 980 # From Milamber (2020-05-31) 981 # In Morocco (where I live), the end of Ramadan (Arabic month) is followed by 982 # the Eid al-Fitr, and concretely it's 1 or 2 day offs for the people (with 983 # traditional visiting of family, big lunches/dinners, etc.). So for this 984 # year the astronomical calculations don't include the following 2 days off in 985 # the calc. These 2 days fall in a Sunday/Monday, so it's not acceptable by 986 # people to have a time shift during these 2 days off. Perhaps you can modify 987 # the (predicted) rules for next years: if the end of Ramadan is a (probable) 988 # Friday or Saturday (and so the 2 days off are on a weekend), the next time 989 # shift will be the next weekend. 990 # 991 # From Milamber (2021-03-31, 2022-03-10): 992 # https://www.mmsp.gov.ma/fr/actualites.aspx?id=2076 993 # https://www.ecoactu.ma/horaires-administration-ramadan-gmtheure-gmt-a-partir-de-dimanche-27-mars/ 994 # 995 # From Milamber (2023-03-14, 2023-03-15): 996 # The return to legal GMT time will take place this Sunday, March 19 at 3 a.m. 997 # ... the return to GMT+1 will be made on Sunday April 23, 2023 at 2 a.m. 998 # https://www.mmsp.gov.ma/fr/actualites/passage--l%E2%80%99heure-gmt--partir-du-dimanche-19-mars-2023 999 # 1000 # From Paul Eggert (2023-03-14): 1001 # For now, guess that in the future Morocco will fall back at 03:00 1002 # the last Sunday before Ramadan, and spring forward at 02:00 the 1003 # first Sunday after one day after Ramadan. To implement this, 1004 # transition dates and times for 2019 through 2087 were determined by 1005 # running the following program under GNU Emacs 28.2. (This algorithm 1006 # also produces the correct transition dates for 2016 through 2018, 1007 # though the times differ due to Morocco's time zone change in 2018.) 1008 # (let ((islamic-year 1440)) 1009 # (require 'cal-islam) 1010 # (while (< islamic-year 1511) 1011 # (let ((a (calendar-islamic-to-absolute (list 9 1 islamic-year))) 1012 # (b (+ 1 (calendar-islamic-to-absolute (list 10 1 islamic-year)))) 1013 # (sunday 0)) 1014 # (while (/= sunday (mod (setq a (1- a)) 7))) 1015 # (while (/= sunday (mod b 7)) 1016 # (setq b (1+ b))) 1017 # (setq a (calendar-gregorian-from-absolute a)) 1018 # (setq b (calendar-gregorian-from-absolute b)) 1019 # (insert 1020 # (format 1021 # (concat "Rule\tMorocco\t%d\tonly\t-\t%s\t%2d\t 3:00\t-1:00\t-\n" 1022 # "Rule\tMorocco\t%d\tonly\t-\t%s\t%2d\t 2:00\t0\t-\n") 1023 # (car (cdr (cdr a))) (calendar-month-name (car a) t) (car (cdr a)) 1024 # (car (cdr (cdr b))) (calendar-month-name (car b) t) (car (cdr b))))) 1025 # (setq islamic-year (+ 1 islamic-year)))) 1026 1027 # Rule NAME FROM TO - IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S 1028 Rule Morocco 1939 only - Sep 12 0:00 1:00 - 1029 Rule Morocco 1939 only - Nov 19 0:00 0 - 1030 Rule Morocco 1940 only - Feb 25 0:00 1:00 - 1031 Rule Morocco 1945 only - Nov 18 0:00 0 - 1032 Rule Morocco 1950 only - Jun 11 0:00 1:00 - 1033 Rule Morocco 1950 only - Oct 29 0:00 0 - 1034 Rule Morocco 1967 only - Jun 3 12:00 1:00 - 1035 Rule Morocco 1967 only - Oct 1 0:00 0 - 1036 Rule Morocco 1974 only - Jun 24 0:00 1:00 - 1037 Rule Morocco 1974 only - Sep 1 0:00 0 - 1038 Rule Morocco 1976 1977 - May 1 0:00 1:00 - 1039 Rule Morocco 1976 only - Aug 1 0:00 0 - 1040 Rule Morocco 1977 only - Sep 28 0:00 0 - 1041 Rule Morocco 1978 only - Jun 1 0:00 1:00 - 1042 Rule Morocco 1978 only - Aug 4 0:00 0 - 1043 Rule Morocco 2008 only - Jun 1 0:00 1:00 - 1044 Rule Morocco 2008 only - Sep 1 0:00 0 - 1045 Rule Morocco 2009 only - Jun 1 0:00 1:00 - 1046 Rule Morocco 2009 only - Aug 21 0:00 0 - 1047 Rule Morocco 2010 only - May 2 0:00 1:00 - 1048 Rule Morocco 2010 only - Aug 8 0:00 0 - 1049 Rule Morocco 2011 only - Apr 3 0:00 1:00 - 1050 Rule Morocco 2011 only - Jul 31 0:00 0 - 1051 Rule Morocco 2012 2013 - Apr lastSun 2:00 1:00 - 1052 Rule Morocco 2012 only - Jul 20 3:00 0 - 1053 Rule Morocco 2012 only - Aug 20 2:00 1:00 - 1054 Rule Morocco 2012 only - Sep 30 3:00 0 - 1055 Rule Morocco 2013 only - Jul 7 3:00 0 - 1056 Rule Morocco 2013 only - Aug 10 2:00 1:00 - 1057 Rule Morocco 2013 2018 - Oct lastSun 3:00 0 - 1058 Rule Morocco 2014 2018 - Mar lastSun 2:00 1:00 - 1059 Rule Morocco 2014 only - Jun 28 3:00 0 - 1060 Rule Morocco 2014 only - Aug 2 2:00 1:00 - 1061 Rule Morocco 2015 only - Jun 14 3:00 0 - 1062 Rule Morocco 2015 only - Jul 19 2:00 1:00 - 1063 Rule Morocco 2016 only - Jun 5 3:00 0 - 1064 Rule Morocco 2016 only - Jul 10 2:00 1:00 - 1065 Rule Morocco 2017 only - May 21 3:00 0 - 1066 Rule Morocco 2017 only - Jul 2 2:00 1:00 - 1067 Rule Morocco 2018 only - May 13 3:00 0 - 1068 Rule Morocco 2018 only - Jun 17 2:00 1:00 - 1069 Rule Morocco 2019 only - May 5 3:00 -1:00 - 1070 Rule Morocco 2019 only - Jun 9 2:00 0 - 1071 Rule Morocco 2020 only - Apr 19 3:00 -1:00 - 1072 Rule Morocco 2020 only - May 31 2:00 0 - 1073 Rule Morocco 2021 only - Apr 11 3:00 -1:00 - 1074 Rule Morocco 2021 only - May 16 2:00 0 - 1075 Rule Morocco 2022 only - Mar 27 3:00 -1:00 - 1076 Rule Morocco 2022 only - May 8 2:00 0 - 1077 Rule Morocco 2023 only - Mar 19 3:00 -1:00 - 1078 Rule Morocco 2023 only - Apr 23 2:00 0 - 1079 Rule Morocco 2024 only - Mar 10 3:00 -1:00 - 1080 Rule Morocco 2024 only - Apr 14 2:00 0 - 1081 Rule Morocco 2025 only - Feb 23 3:00 -1:00 - 1082 Rule Morocco 2025 only - Apr 6 2:00 0 - 1083 Rule Morocco 2026 only - Feb 15 3:00 -1:00 - 1084 Rule Morocco 2026 only - Mar 22 2:00 0 - 1085 Rule Morocco 2027 only - Feb 7 3:00 -1:00 - 1086 Rule Morocco 2027 only - Mar 14 2:00 0 - 1087 Rule Morocco 2028 only - Jan 23 3:00 -1:00 - 1088 Rule Morocco 2028 only - Mar 5 2:00 0 - 1089 Rule Morocco 2029 only - Jan 14 3:00 -1:00 - 1090 Rule Morocco 2029 only - Feb 18 2:00 0 - 1091 Rule Morocco 2029 only - Dec 30 3:00 -1:00 - 1092 Rule Morocco 2030 only - Feb 10 2:00 0 - 1093 Rule Morocco 2030 only - Dec 22 3:00 -1:00 - 1094 Rule Morocco 2031 only - Jan 26 2:00 0 - 1095 Rule Morocco 2031 only - Dec 14 3:00 -1:00 - 1096 Rule Morocco 2032 only - Jan 18 2:00 0 - 1097 Rule Morocco 2032 only - Nov 28 3:00 -1:00 - 1098 Rule Morocco 2033 only - Jan 9 2:00 0 - 1099 Rule Morocco 2033 only - Nov 20 3:00 -1:00 - 1100 Rule Morocco 2033 only - Dec 25 2:00 0 - 1101 Rule Morocco 2034 only - Nov 5 3:00 -1:00 - 1102 Rule Morocco 2034 only - Dec 17 2:00 0 - 1103 Rule Morocco 2035 only - Oct 28 3:00 -1:00 - 1104 Rule Morocco 2035 only - Dec 9 2:00 0 - 1105 Rule Morocco 2036 only - Oct 19 3:00 -1:00 - 1106 Rule Morocco 2036 only - Nov 23 2:00 0 - 1107 Rule Morocco 2037 only - Oct 4 3:00 -1:00 - 1108 Rule Morocco 2037 only - Nov 15 2:00 0 - 1109 Rule Morocco 2038 only - Sep 26 3:00 -1:00 - 1110 Rule Morocco 2038 only - Oct 31 2:00 0 - 1111 Rule Morocco 2039 only - Sep 18 3:00 -1:00 - 1112 Rule Morocco 2039 only - Oct 23 2:00 0 - 1113 Rule Morocco 2040 only - Sep 2 3:00 -1:00 - 1114 Rule Morocco 2040 only - Oct 14 2:00 0 - 1115 Rule Morocco 2041 only - Aug 25 3:00 -1:00 - 1116 Rule Morocco 2041 only - Sep 29 2:00 0 - 1117 Rule Morocco 2042 only - Aug 10 3:00 -1:00 - 1118 Rule Morocco 2042 only - Sep 21 2:00 0 - 1119 Rule Morocco 2043 only - Aug 2 3:00 -1:00 - 1120 Rule Morocco 2043 only - Sep 13 2:00 0 - 1121 Rule Morocco 2044 only - Jul 24 3:00 -1:00 - 1122 Rule Morocco 2044 only - Aug 28 2:00 0 - 1123 Rule Morocco 2045 only - Jul 9 3:00 -1:00 - 1124 Rule Morocco 2045 only - Aug 20 2:00 0 - 1125 Rule Morocco 2046 only - Jul 1 3:00 -1:00 - 1126 Rule Morocco 2046 only - Aug 5 2:00 0 - 1127 Rule Morocco 2047 only - Jun 23 3:00 -1:00 - 1128 Rule Morocco 2047 only - Jul 28 2:00 0 - 1129 Rule Morocco 2048 only - Jun 7 3:00 -1:00 - 1130 Rule Morocco 2048 only - Jul 19 2:00 0 - 1131 Rule Morocco 2049 only - May 30 3:00 -1:00 - 1132 Rule Morocco 2049 only - Jul 4 2:00 0 - 1133 Rule Morocco 2050 only - May 15 3:00 -1:00 - 1134 Rule Morocco 2050 only - Jun 26 2:00 0 - 1135 Rule Morocco 2051 only - May 7 3:00 -1:00 - 1136 Rule Morocco 2051 only - Jun 18 2:00 0 - 1137 Rule Morocco 2052 only - Apr 28 3:00 -1:00 - 1138 Rule Morocco 2052 only - Jun 2 2:00 0 - 1139 Rule Morocco 2053 only - Apr 13 3:00 -1:00 - 1140 Rule Morocco 2053 only - May 25 2:00 0 - 1141 Rule Morocco 2054 only - Apr 5 3:00 -1:00 - 1142 Rule Morocco 2054 only - May 10 2:00 0 - 1143 Rule Morocco 2055 only - Mar 28 3:00 -1:00 - 1144 Rule Morocco 2055 only - May 2 2:00 0 - 1145 Rule Morocco 2056 only - Mar 12 3:00 -1:00 - 1146 Rule Morocco 2056 only - Apr 23 2:00 0 - 1147 Rule Morocco 2057 only - Mar 4 3:00 -1:00 - 1148 Rule Morocco 2057 only - Apr 8 2:00 0 - 1149 Rule Morocco 2058 only - Feb 17 3:00 -1:00 - 1150 Rule Morocco 2058 only - Mar 31 2:00 0 - 1151 Rule Morocco 2059 only - Feb 9 3:00 -1:00 - 1152 Rule Morocco 2059 only - Mar 23 2:00 0 - 1153 Rule Morocco 2060 only - Feb 1 3:00 -1:00 - 1154 Rule Morocco 2060 only - Mar 7 2:00 0 - 1155 Rule Morocco 2061 only - Jan 16 3:00 -1:00 - 1156 Rule Morocco 2061 only - Feb 27 2:00 0 - 1157 Rule Morocco 2062 only - Jan 8 3:00 -1:00 - 1158 Rule Morocco 2062 only - Feb 12 2:00 0 - 1159 Rule Morocco 2062 only - Dec 31 3:00 -1:00 - 1160 Rule Morocco 2063 only - Feb 4 2:00 0 - 1161 Rule Morocco 2063 only - Dec 16 3:00 -1:00 - 1162 Rule Morocco 2064 only - Jan 27 2:00 0 - 1163 Rule Morocco 2064 only - Dec 7 3:00 -1:00 - 1164 Rule Morocco 2065 only - Jan 11 2:00 0 - 1165 Rule Morocco 2065 only - Nov 22 3:00 -1:00 - 1166 Rule Morocco 2066 only - Jan 3 2:00 0 - 1167 Rule Morocco 2066 only - Nov 14 3:00 -1:00 - 1168 Rule Morocco 2066 only - Dec 26 2:00 0 - 1169 Rule Morocco 2067 only - Nov 6 3:00 -1:00 - 1170 Rule Morocco 2067 only - Dec 11 2:00 0 - 1171 Rule Morocco 2068 only - Oct 21 3:00 -1:00 - 1172 Rule Morocco 2068 only - Dec 2 2:00 0 - 1173 Rule Morocco 2069 only - Oct 13 3:00 -1:00 - 1174 Rule Morocco 2069 only - Nov 17 2:00 0 - 1175 Rule Morocco 2070 only - Oct 5 3:00 -1:00 - 1176 Rule Morocco 2070 only - Nov 9 2:00 0 - 1177 Rule Morocco 2071 only - Sep 20 3:00 -1:00 - 1178 Rule Morocco 2071 only - Nov 1 2:00 0 - 1179 Rule Morocco 2072 only - Sep 11 3:00 -1:00 - 1180 Rule Morocco 2072 only - Oct 16 2:00 0 - 1181 Rule Morocco 2073 only - Aug 27 3:00 -1:00 - 1182 Rule Morocco 2073 only - Oct 8 2:00 0 - 1183 Rule Morocco 2074 only - Aug 19 3:00 -1:00 - 1184 Rule Morocco 2074 only - Sep 30 2:00 0 - 1185 Rule Morocco 2075 only - Aug 11 3:00 -1:00 - 1186 Rule Morocco 2075 only - Sep 15 2:00 0 - 1187 Rule Morocco 2076 only - Jul 26 3:00 -1:00 - 1188 Rule Morocco 2076 only - Sep 6 2:00 0 - 1189 Rule Morocco 2077 only - Jul 18 3:00 -1:00 - 1190 Rule Morocco 2077 only - Aug 22 2:00 0 - 1191 Rule Morocco 2078 only - Jul 10 3:00 -1:00 - 1192 Rule Morocco 2078 only - Aug 14 2:00 0 - 1193 Rule Morocco 2079 only - Jun 25 3:00 -1:00 - 1194 Rule Morocco 2079 only - Aug 6 2:00 0 - 1195 Rule Morocco 2080 only - Jun 16 3:00 -1:00 - 1196 Rule Morocco 2080 only - Jul 21 2:00 0 - 1197 Rule Morocco 2081 only - Jun 1 3:00 -1:00 - 1198 Rule Morocco 2081 only - Jul 13 2:00 0 - 1199 Rule Morocco 2082 only - May 24 3:00 -1:00 - 1200 Rule Morocco 2082 only - Jun 28 2:00 0 - 1201 Rule Morocco 2083 only - May 16 3:00 -1:00 - 1202 Rule Morocco 2083 only - Jun 20 2:00 0 - 1203 Rule Morocco 2084 only - Apr 30 3:00 -1:00 - 1204 Rule Morocco 2084 only - Jun 11 2:00 0 - 1205 Rule Morocco 2085 only - Apr 22 3:00 -1:00 - 1206 Rule Morocco 2085 only - May 27 2:00 0 - 1207 Rule Morocco 2086 only - Apr 14 3:00 -1:00 - 1208 Rule Morocco 2086 only - May 19 2:00 0 - 1209 Rule Morocco 2087 only - Mar 30 3:00 -1:00 - 1210 Rule Morocco 2087 only - May 11 2:00 0 - 1211 # For dates after the somewhat-arbitrary cutoff of 2087, assume that 1212 # Morocco will no longer observe DST. At some point this table will 1213 # need to be extended, though quite possibly Morocco will change the 1214 # rules first. 1215 1216 # Zone NAME STDOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] 1217 Zone Africa/Casablanca -0:30:20 - LMT 1913 Oct 26 1218 0:00 Morocco %z 1984 Mar 16 1219 1:00 - %z 1986 1220 0:00 Morocco %z 2018 Oct 28 3:00 1221 1:00 Morocco %z 1222 1223 # Western Sahara 1224 # 1225 # From Gwillim Law (2013-10-22): 1226 # A correspondent who is usually well informed about time zone matters 1227 # ... says that Western Sahara observes daylight saving time, just as 1228 # Morocco does. 1229 # 1230 # From Paul Eggert (2013-10-23): 1231 # Assume that this has been true since Western Sahara switched to GMT, 1232 # since most of it was then controlled by Morocco. 1233 1234 Zone Africa/El_Aaiun -0:52:48 - LMT 1934 Jan # El Aain 1235 -1:00 - %z 1976 Apr 14 1236 0:00 Morocco %z 2018 Oct 28 3:00 1237 1:00 Morocco %z 1238 1239 # Mozambique 1240 # 1241 # From Tim Parenti (2024-07-01): 1242 # For timestamps before Mozambique's independence, see commentary for 1243 # Europe/Lisbon. 1244 # 1245 # From Paul Eggert (2024-05-24): 1246 # The London Gazette, 1903-04-03, page 2245, says that 1247 # as of 1903-03-03 a time ball at the port of Loureno Marques 1248 # (as Maputo was then called) was dropped daily at 13:00:00 LMT, 1249 # corresponding to 22:49:41.7 GMT, so local time was +02:10:18.3. 1250 # Conversely, the newspaper South Africa, 1909-02-09, page 321, 1251 # says the port had just installed an apparatus that communicated 1252 # "from the controlling clock in the new Observatory at Reuben Point ... 1253 # exact mean South African time, i.e., 30 deg., or 2 hours East of Greenwich". 1254 # Although Shanks gives 1903-03-01 for the transition to CAT, 1255 # evidently the port transitioned to CAT after 1903-03-03 but before 1256 # the Portuguese legal transition of 1912-01-01 (see Europe/Lisbon commentary). 1257 # For lack of better info, list 1909 as the transition date. 1258 # 1259 # Zone NAME STDOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] 1260 #STDOFF 2:10:18.3 1261 Zone Africa/Maputo 2:10:18 - LMT 1909 1262 2:00 - CAT 1263 1264 # Namibia 1265 1266 # From Arthur David Olson (2017-08-09): 1267 # The text of the "Namibia Time Act, 1994" is available online at 1268 # www.lac.org.na/laws/1994/811.pdf 1269 # and includes this nugget: 1270 # Notwithstanding the provisions of subsection (2) of section 1, the 1271 # first winter period after the commencement of this Act shall 1272 # commence at OOhOO on Monday 21 March 1994 and shall end at 02h00 on 1273 # Sunday 4 September 1994. 1274 1275 # From Michael Deckers (2017-04-06): 1276 # ... both summer and winter time are called "standard" 1277 # (which differs from the use in Ireland) ... 1278 1279 # From Petronella Sibeene (2007-03-30): 1280 # http://allafrica.com/stories/200703300178.html 1281 # While the entire country changes its time, Katima Mulilo and other 1282 # settlements in Caprivi unofficially will not because the sun there 1283 # rises and sets earlier compared to other regions. Chief of 1284 # Forecasting Riaan van Zyl explained that the far eastern parts of 1285 # the country are close to 40 minutes earlier in sunrise than the rest 1286 # of the country. 1287 # 1288 # From Paul Eggert (2017-02-22): 1289 # Although the Zambezi Region (formerly known as Caprivi) informally 1290 # observes Botswana time, we have no details about historical practice. 1291 # In the meantime people there can use Africa/Gaborone. 1292 # See: Immanuel S. The Namibian. 2017-02-23. 1293 # https://www.namibian.com.na/51480/read/Time-change-divides-lawmakers 1294 1295 # From Steffen Thorsen (2017-08-09): 1296 # Namibia is going to change their time zone to what is now their DST: 1297 # https://www.newera.com.na/2017/02/23/namibias-winter-time-might-be-repealed/ 1298 # This video is from the government decision: 1299 # https://www.nbc.na/news/na-passes-namibia-time-bill-repealing-1994-namibia-time-act.8665 1300 # We have made the assumption so far that they will change their time zone at 1301 # the same time they would normally start DST, the first Sunday in September: 1302 # https://www.timeanddate.com/news/time/namibia-new-time-zone.html 1303 1304 # From Paul Eggert (2017-04-09): 1305 # Before the change, summer and winter time were both standard time legally. 1306 # However in common parlance, winter time was considered to be DST. See, e.g.: 1307 # http://www.nbc.na/news/namibias-winter-time-could-be-scrapped.2706 1308 # https://zone.my.na/news/times-are-changing-in-namibia 1309 # https://www.newera.com.na/2017/02/23/namibias-winter-time-might-be-repealed/ 1310 # Use plain "WAT" and "CAT" for the time zone abbreviations, to be compatible 1311 # with Namibia's neighbors. 1312 1313 # Rule NAME FROM TO - IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S 1314 # Vanguard section, for zic and other parsers that support negative DST. 1315 Rule Namibia 1994 only - Mar 21 0:00 -1:00 WAT 1316 Rule Namibia 1994 2017 - Sep Sun>=1 2:00 0 CAT 1317 Rule Namibia 1995 2017 - Apr Sun>=1 2:00 -1:00 WAT 1318 # Rearguard section, for parsers lacking negative DST; see ziguard.awk. 1319 #Rule Namibia 1994 only - Mar 21 0:00 0 WAT 1320 #Rule Namibia 1994 2017 - Sep Sun>=1 2:00 1:00 CAT 1321 #Rule Namibia 1995 2017 - Apr Sun>=1 2:00 0 WAT 1322 # End of rearguard section. 1323 1324 # Zone NAME STDOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] 1325 Zone Africa/Windhoek 1:08:24 - LMT 1892 Feb 8 1326 1:30 - %z 1903 Mar 1327 2:00 - SAST 1942 Sep 20 2:00 1328 2:00 1:00 SAST 1943 Mar 21 2:00 1329 2:00 - SAST 1990 Mar 21 # independence 1330 # Vanguard section, for zic and other parsers that support negative DST. 1331 2:00 Namibia %s 1332 # Rearguard section, for parsers lacking negative DST; see ziguard.awk. 1333 # 2:00 - CAT 1994 Mar 21 0:00 1334 # From Paul Eggert (2017-04-07): 1335 # The official date of the 2017 rule change was 2017-10-24. See: 1336 # http://www.lac.org.na/laws/annoSTAT/Namibian%20Time%20Act%209%20of%202017.pdf 1337 # 1:00 Namibia %s 2017 Oct 24 1338 # 2:00 - CAT 1339 # End of rearguard section. 1340 1341 # Niger 1342 # Zone NAME STDOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] 1343 Zone Africa/Niamey 0:08:28 - LMT 1912 1344 -1:00 - -01 1934 Feb 26 1345 0:00 - GMT 1960 1346 1:00 - WAT 1347 1348 # Nigeria 1349 1350 # From P Chan (2020-12-03): 1351 # GMT was adopted as the standard time of Lagos on 1905-07-01. 1352 # Lagos Weekly Record, 1905-06-24, p 3 1353 # http://ddsnext.crl.edu/titles/31558#?c=0&m=668&s=0&cv=2&r=0&xywh=1446,5221,1931,1235 1354 # says "It is officially notified that on and after the 1st of July 1905 1355 # Greenwich Mean Solar Time will be adopted throughout the Colony and 1356 # Protectorate, and that it will be necessary to put all clocks 13 minutes and 1357 # 35 seconds back, recording local mean time." 1358 # 1359 # It seemed that Lagos returned to LMT on 1908-07-01. 1360 # [The Lagos Standard], 1908-07-01, p 5 1361 # http://ddsnext.crl.edu/titles/31556#?c=0&m=78&s=0&cv=4&r=0&xywh=-92,3590,3944,2523 1362 # says "Scarcely have the people become accustomed to this new time, when 1363 # another official notice has now appeared announcing that from and after the 1364 # 1st July next, return will be made to local mean time." 1365 # 1366 # From P Chan (2020-11-27): 1367 # On 1914-01-01, standard time of GMT+0:30 was adopted for the unified Nigeria. 1368 # Colonial Reports - Annual. No. 878. Nigeria. Report for 1914. (April 1916), 1369 # p 27 1370 # https://libsysdigi.library.illinois.edu/ilharvest/Africana/Books2011-05/3064634/3064634_1914/3064634_1914_opt.pdf#page=27 1371 # "On January 1st [1914], a universal standard time for Nigeria was adopted, 1372 # viz., half an hour fast on Greenwich mean time, corresponding to the meridian 1373 # 7 30' E. long." 1374 # Lloyd's Register of Shipping (1915) says "Hitherto the time observed in Lagos 1375 # was the local mean time. On 1st January, 1914, standard time for the whole of 1376 # Nigeria was introduced ... Lagos time has been advanced about 16 minutes 1377 # accordingly." 1378 # 1379 # In 1919, standard time was changed to GMT+1. 1380 # Interpretation Ordinance (Cap 2) 1381 # The Laws of Nigeria, Containing the Ordinances of Nigeria, in Force on the 1382 # 1st Day of January, 1923, Vol.I [p 16] 1383 # https://books.google.com/books?id=BOMrAQAAMAAJ&pg=PA16 1384 # "The expression 'Standard time' means standard time as used in Nigeria: 1385 # namely, 60 minutes in advance of Greenwich mean time. (As amended by 18 of 1386 # 1919, s. 2.)" 1387 # From Tim Parenti (2020-12-10): 1388 # The Lagos Weekly Record, 1919-09-20, p 3 details discussion on the first 1389 # reading of this Bill by the Legislative Council of the Colony of Nigeria on 1390 # Thursday 1919-08-28: 1391 # http://ddsnext.crl.edu/titles/31558?terms&item_id=303484#?m=1118&c=1&s=0&cv=2&r=0&xywh=1261,3408,2994,1915 1392 # "The proposal is that the Globe should be divided into twelve zones East and 1393 # West of Greenwich, of one hour each, Nigeria falling into the zone with a 1394 # standard of one hour fast on Greenwich Mean Time. Nigeria standard time is 1395 # now 30 minutes in advance of Greenwich Mean Time ... according to the new 1396 # proposal, standard time will be advanced another 30 minutes". It was further 1397 # proposed that the firing of the time guns likewise be adjusted by 30 minutes 1398 # to compensate. 1399 # From Tim Parenti (2020-12-10), per P Chan (2020-12-11): 1400 # The text of Ordinance 18 of 1919, published in Nigeria Gazette, Vol 6, No 52, 1401 # shows that the change was assented to the following day and took effect "on 1402 # the 1st day of September, 1919." 1403 # Nigeria Gazette and Supplements 1919 Jan-Dec, Reference: 73266B-40, 1404 # img 245-246 1405 # https://microform.digital/boa/collections/77/volumes/539/nigeria-lagos-1887-1919 1406 1407 # Zone NAME STDOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] 1408 Zone Africa/Lagos 0:13:35 - LMT 1905 Jul 1 1409 0:00 - GMT 1908 Jul 1 1410 0:13:35 - LMT 1914 Jan 1 1411 0:30 - %z 1919 Sep 1 1412 1:00 - WAT 1413 1414 # Runion 1415 # Zone NAME STDOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] 1416 Zone Indian/Reunion 3:41:52 - LMT 1911 Jun # Saint-Denis 1417 4:00 - +04 1418 # 1419 # Scattered Islands (les parses) administered from Runion are as follows. 1420 # The following information about them is taken from 1421 # les parses (<http://www.outre-mer.gouv.fr/domtom/ile.htm>, 1997-07-22, 1422 # in French; no longer available as of 1999-08-17). 1423 # We have no info about their time zone histories. 1424 # 1425 # Bassas da India - uninhabited 1426 # Europa Island - inhabited from 1905 to 1910 by two families 1427 # Glorioso Is - inhabited until at least 1958 1428 # Juan de Nova - uninhabited 1429 # Tromelin - inhabited until at least 1958 1430 1431 # Rwanda 1432 # Zone NAME STDOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] 1433 Zone Africa/Kigali 2:00:16 - LMT 1935 Jun 1434 2:00 - CAT 1435 1436 # St Helena 1437 # Zone NAME STDOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] 1438 Zone Atlantic/St_Helena -0:22:48 - LMT 1890 # Jamestown 1439 -0:22:48 - JMT 1951 # Jamestown Mean Time 1440 0:00 - GMT 1441 1442 # So Tom and Prncipe 1443 1444 # See Europe/Lisbon for info about the 1912 transition. 1445 1446 # From Steffen Thorsen (2018-01-08): 1447 # Multiple sources tell that So Tom changed from UTC to UTC+1 as 1448 # they entered the year 2018. 1449 # From Michael Deckers (2018-01-08): 1450 # the switch is from 01:00 to 02:00 ... [Decree No. 25/2017] 1451 # http://www.mnec.gov.st/index.php/publicacoes/documentos/file/90-decreto-lei-n-25-2017 1452 1453 # From Vadim Nasardinov (2018-12-29): 1454 # So Tom and Prncipe is about to do the following on Jan 1, 2019: 1455 # https://www.stp-press.st/2018/12/05/governo-jesus-ja-decidiu-repor-hora-legal-sao-tomense/ 1456 # 1457 # From Michael Deckers (2018-12-30): 1458 # https://www.legis-palop.org/download.jsp?idFile=102818 1459 # ... [The legal time of the country, which coincides with universal 1460 # coordinated time, will be reinstituted at 2 o'clock on day 1 of January, 2019.] 1461 1462 Zone Africa/Sao_Tome 0:26:56 - LMT 1884 1463 #STDOFF -0:36:44.68 1464 -0:36:45 - LMT 1912 Jan 1 00:00u # Lisbon MT 1465 0:00 - GMT 2018 Jan 1 01:00 1466 1:00 - WAT 2019 Jan 1 02:00 1467 0:00 - GMT 1468 1469 # Senegal 1470 # Zone NAME STDOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] 1471 Zone Africa/Dakar -1:09:44 - LMT 1912 1472 -1:00 - -01 1941 Jun 1473 0:00 - GMT 1474 1475 # Seychelles 1476 # Zone NAME STDOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] 1477 Zone Indian/Mahe 3:41:48 - LMT 1907 Jan 1 # Victoria 1478 4:00 - +04 1479 # From Paul Eggert (2001-05-30): 1480 # Aldabra, Farquhar, and Desroches, originally dependencies of the 1481 # Seychelles, were transferred to the British Indian Ocean Territory 1482 # in 1965 and returned to Seychelles control in 1976. We don't know 1483 # whether this affected their time zone, so omit this for now. 1484 # Possibly the islands were uninhabited. 1485 1486 # Sierra Leone 1487 # Rule NAME FROM TO - IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S 1488 Rule SL 1932 only - Dec 1 0:00 0:20 -0040 1489 Rule SL 1933 1938 - Mar 31 24:00 0 -01 1490 Rule SL 1933 1939 - Aug 31 24:00 0:20 -0040 1491 Rule SL 1939 only - May 31 24:00 0 -01 1492 1493 # Zone NAME STDOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] 1494 Zone Africa/Freetown -0:53:00 - LMT 1882 1495 -0:53:00 - FMT 1913 Jul 1 # Freetown MT 1496 -1:00 SL %s 1939 Sep 5 1497 -1:00 - -01 1941 Dec 6 24:00 1498 0:00 - GMT 1499 1500 # Somalia 1501 # Zone NAME STDOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] 1502 Zone Africa/Mogadishu 3:01:28 - LMT 1893 Nov 1503 3:00 - EAT 1931 1504 2:30 - +0230 1957 1505 3:00 - EAT 1506 1507 # South Africa 1508 # Rule NAME FROM TO - IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S 1509 Rule SA 1942 1943 - Sep Sun>=15 2:00 1:00 - 1510 Rule SA 1943 1944 - Mar Sun>=15 2:00 0 - 1511 # Zone NAME STDOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] 1512 Zone Africa/Johannesburg 1:52:00 - LMT 1892 Feb 8 1513 1:30 - SAST 1903 Mar 1514 2:00 SA SAST 1515 # 1516 # Marion and Prince Edward Is 1517 # scientific station since 1947 1518 # no information 1519 1520 # Sudan 1521 1522 # From <http://www.sunanews.net/sn13jane.html> 1523 # Sudan News Agency (2000-01-13), 1524 # also reported by Michal De Beukelaer-Dossche via Steffen Thorsen: 1525 # Clocks will be moved ahead for 60 minutes all over the Sudan as of noon 1526 # Saturday.... This was announced Thursday by Caretaker State Minister for 1527 # Manpower Abdul-Rahman Nur-Eddin. 1528 1529 # From Ahmed Atyya, National Telecommunications Corp. (NTC), Sudan (2017-10-17): 1530 # ... the Republic of Sudan is going to change the time zone from (GMT+3:00) 1531 # to (GMT+ 2:00) starting from Wednesday 1 November 2017. 1532 # 1533 # From Paul Eggert (2017-10-18): 1534 # A scanned copy (in Arabic) of Cabinet Resolution No. 352 for the 1535 # year 2017 can be found as an attachment in email today from Yahia 1536 # Abdalla of NTC, archived at: 1537 # https://mm.icann.org/pipermail/tz/2017-October/025333.html 1538 1539 # Rule NAME FROM TO - IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S 1540 Rule Sudan 1970 only - May 1 0:00 1:00 S 1541 Rule Sudan 1970 1985 - Oct 15 0:00 0 - 1542 Rule Sudan 1971 only - Apr 30 0:00 1:00 S 1543 Rule Sudan 1972 1985 - Apr lastSun 0:00 1:00 S 1544 # Zone NAME STDOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] 1545 Zone Africa/Khartoum 2:10:08 - LMT 1931 1546 2:00 Sudan CA%sT 2000 Jan 15 12:00 1547 3:00 - EAT 2017 Nov 1 1548 2:00 - CAT 1549 1550 # South Sudan 1551 1552 # From Steffen Thorsen (2021-01-18): 1553 # "South Sudan will change its time zone by setting the clock back 1 1554 # hour on February 1, 2021...." 1555 # from https://eyeradio.org/south-sudan-adopts-new-time-zone-makuei/ 1556 1557 # Zone NAME STDOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] 1558 Zone Africa/Juba 2:06:28 - LMT 1931 1559 2:00 Sudan CA%sT 2000 Jan 15 12:00 1560 3:00 - EAT 2021 Feb 1 00:00 1561 2:00 - CAT 1562 1563 # Tanzania 1564 # Zone NAME STDOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] 1565 Zone Africa/Dar_es_Salaam 2:37:08 - LMT 1931 1566 3:00 - EAT 1948 1567 2:45 - +0245 1961 1568 3:00 - EAT 1569 1570 # Togo 1571 # Zone NAME STDOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] 1572 Zone Africa/Lome 0:04:52 - LMT 1893 1573 0:00 - GMT 1574 1575 # Tunisia 1576 1577 # From Gwillim Law (2005-04-30): 1578 # My correspondent, Risto Nyknen, has alerted me to another adoption of DST, 1579 # this time in Tunisia. According to Yahoo France News 1580 # <http://fr.news.yahoo.com/050426/5/4dumk.html>, in a story attributed to AP 1581 # and dated 2005-04-26, "Tunisia has decided to advance its official time by 1582 # one hour, starting on Sunday, May 1. Henceforth, Tunisian time will be 1583 # UTC+2 instead of UTC+1. The change will take place at 23:00 UTC next 1584 # Saturday." (My translation) 1585 # 1586 # From Oscar van Vlijmen (2005-05-02): 1587 # La Presse, the first national daily newspaper ... 1588 # http://www.lapresse.tn/archives/archives280405/actualites/lheure.html 1589 # ... DST for 2005: on: Sun May 1 0h standard time, off: Fri Sept. 30, 1590 # 1h standard time. 1591 # 1592 # From Atef Loukil (2006-03-28): 1593 # The daylight saving time will be the same each year: 1594 # Beginning : the last Sunday of March at 02:00 1595 # Ending : the last Sunday of October at 03:00 ... 1596 # http://www.tap.info.tn/en/index.php?option=com_content&task=view&id=1188&Itemid=50 1597 1598 # From Steffen Thorsen (2009-03-16): 1599 # According to several news sources, Tunisia will not observe DST this year. 1600 # (Arabic) 1601 # http://www.elbashayer.com/?page=viewn&nid=42546 1602 # https://www.babnet.net/kiwidetail-15295.asp 1603 # 1604 # We have also confirmed this with the US embassy in Tunisia. 1605 # We have a wrap-up about this on the following page: 1606 # https://www.timeanddate.com/news/time/tunisia-cancels-dst-2009.html 1607 1608 # From Alexander Krivenyshev (2009-03-17): 1609 # Here is a link to Tunis Afrique Presse News Agency 1610 # 1611 # Standard time to be kept the whole year long (tap.info.tn): 1612 # 1613 # (in English) 1614 # http://www.tap.info.tn/en/index.php?option=com_content&task=view&id=26813&Itemid=157 1615 # 1616 # (in Arabic) 1617 # http://www.tap.info.tn/ar/index.php?option=com_content&task=view&id=61240&Itemid=1 1618 1619 # From Arthur David Olson (2009-03-18): 1620 # The Tunis Afrique Presse News Agency notice contains this: "This measure is 1621 # due to the fact that the fasting month of Ramadan coincides with the period 1622 # concerned by summer time. Therefore, the standard time will be kept 1623 # unchanged the whole year long." So foregoing DST seems to be an exception 1624 # (albeit one that may be repeated in the future). 1625 1626 # From Alexander Krivenyshev (2010-03-27): 1627 # According to some news reports Tunis confirmed not to use DST in 2010 1628 # 1629 # (translation): 1630 # "The Tunisian government has decided to abandon DST, which was scheduled on 1631 # Sunday... 1632 # Tunisian authorities had suspended the DST for the first time last year also 1633 # coincided with the month of Ramadan..." 1634 # 1635 # (in Arabic) 1636 # http://www.moheet.com/show_news.aspx?nid=358861&pg=1 1637 # http://www.almadenahnews.com/newss/news.php?c=118&id=38036 1638 # http://www.worldtimezone.com/dst_news/dst_news_tunis02.html 1639 1640 # Rule NAME FROM TO - IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S 1641 Rule Tunisia 1939 only - Apr 15 23:00s 1:00 S 1642 Rule Tunisia 1939 only - Nov 18 23:00s 0 - 1643 Rule Tunisia 1940 only - Feb 25 23:00s 1:00 S 1644 Rule Tunisia 1941 only - Oct 6 0:00 0 - 1645 Rule Tunisia 1942 only - Mar 9 0:00 1:00 S 1646 Rule Tunisia 1942 only - Nov 2 3:00 0 - 1647 Rule Tunisia 1943 only - Mar 29 2:00 1:00 S 1648 Rule Tunisia 1943 only - Apr 17 2:00 0 - 1649 Rule Tunisia 1943 only - Apr 25 2:00 1:00 S 1650 Rule Tunisia 1943 only - Oct 4 2:00 0 - 1651 Rule Tunisia 1944 1945 - Apr Mon>=1 2:00 1:00 S 1652 Rule Tunisia 1944 only - Oct 8 0:00 0 - 1653 Rule Tunisia 1945 only - Sep 16 0:00 0 - 1654 Rule Tunisia 1977 only - Apr 30 0:00s 1:00 S 1655 Rule Tunisia 1977 only - Sep 24 0:00s 0 - 1656 Rule Tunisia 1978 only - May 1 0:00s 1:00 S 1657 Rule Tunisia 1978 only - Oct 1 0:00s 0 - 1658 Rule Tunisia 1988 only - Jun 1 0:00s 1:00 S 1659 Rule Tunisia 1988 1990 - Sep lastSun 0:00s 0 - 1660 Rule Tunisia 1989 only - Mar 26 0:00s 1:00 S 1661 Rule Tunisia 1990 only - May 1 0:00s 1:00 S 1662 Rule Tunisia 2005 only - May 1 0:00s 1:00 S 1663 Rule Tunisia 2005 only - Sep 30 1:00s 0 - 1664 Rule Tunisia 2006 2008 - Mar lastSun 2:00s 1:00 S 1665 Rule Tunisia 2006 2008 - Oct lastSun 2:00s 0 - 1666 1667 # See Europe/Paris commentary for PMT-related transitions. 1668 # Zone NAME STDOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] 1669 Zone Africa/Tunis 0:40:44 - LMT 1881 May 12 1670 0:09:21 - PMT 1911 Mar 11 # Paris Mean Time 1671 1:00 Tunisia CE%sT 1672 1673 # Uganda 1674 # Zone NAME STDOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] 1675 Zone Africa/Kampala 2:09:40 - LMT 1928 Jul 1676 3:00 - EAT 1930 1677 2:30 - +0230 1948 1678 2:45 - +0245 1957 1679 3:00 - EAT 1680 1681 # Zambia 1682 # Zone NAME STDOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] 1683 Zone Africa/Lusaka 1:53:08 - LMT 1903 Mar 1684 2:00 - CAT 1685 1686 # Zimbabwe 1687 # Zone NAME STDOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] 1688 Zone Africa/Harare 2:04:12 - LMT 1903 Mar 1689 2:00 - CAT 1690 1691
Indexes created Sun Apr 26 00:22:38 UTC 2026