africa revision 1.1.1.35
1 # tzdb data for Africa and environs 2 3 # This file is in the public domain, so clarified as of 4 # 2009-05-17 by Arthur David Olson. 5 6 # This file is by no means authoritative; if you think you know better, 7 # go ahead and edit the file (and please send any changes to 8 # tz (a] iana.org for general use in the future). For more, please see 9 # the file CONTRIBUTING in the tz distribution. 10 11 # From Paul Eggert (2018-05-27): 12 # 13 # Unless otherwise specified, the source for data through 1990 is: 14 # Thomas G. Shanks and Rique Pottenger, The International Atlas (6th edition), 15 # San Diego: ACS Publications, Inc. (2003). 16 # Unfortunately this book contains many errors and cites no sources. 17 # 18 # Many years ago Gwillim Law wrote that a good source 19 # for time zone data was the International Air Transport 20 # Association's Standard Schedules Information Manual (IATA SSIM), 21 # published semiannually. Law sent in several helpful summaries 22 # of the IATA's data after 1990. Except where otherwise noted, 23 # IATA SSIM is the source for entries after 1990. 24 # 25 # Another source occasionally used is Edward W. Whitman, World Time Differences, 26 # Whitman Publishing Co, 2 Niagara Av, Ealing, London (undated), which 27 # I found in the UCLA library. 28 # 29 # For data circa 1899, a common source is: 30 # Milne J. Civil time. Geogr J. 1899 Feb;13(2):173-94. 31 # https://www.jstor.org/stable/1774359 32 # 33 # For the 1911/1912 establishment of standard time in French possessions, see: 34 # Socit Franaise de Physique, Recueil de constantes physiques (1913), 35 # page 752, 18b. 36 # 37 # European-style abbreviations are commonly used along the Mediterranean. 38 # For sub-Saharan Africa abbreviations were less standardized. 39 # Previous editions of this database used WAT, CAT, SAT, and EAT 40 # for UT +00 through +03, respectively, 41 # but in 1997 Mark R V Murray reported that 42 # 'SAST' is the official abbreviation for +02 in the country of South Africa, 43 # 'CAT' is commonly used for +02 in countries north of South Africa, and 44 # 'WAT' is probably the best name for +01, as the common phrase for 45 # the area that includes Nigeria is "West Africa". 46 # 47 # To summarize, the following abbreviations seemed to have some currency: 48 # +00 GMT Greenwich Mean Time 49 # +02 CAT Central Africa Time 50 # +02 SAST South Africa Standard Time 51 # and Murray suggested the following abbreviation: 52 # +01 WAT West Africa Time 53 # Murray's suggestion seems to have caught on in news reports and the like. 54 # I vaguely recall 'WAT' also being used for -01 in the past but 55 # cannot now come up with solid citations. 56 # 57 # I invented the following abbreviations in the 1990s: 58 # +02 WAST West Africa Summer Time 59 # +03 CAST Central Africa Summer Time 60 # +03 SAST South Africa Summer Time 61 # +03 EAT East Africa Time 62 # 'EAT' seems to have caught on and is in current timestamps, and though 63 # the other abbreviations are rarer and are only in past timestamps, 64 # they are paired with better-attested non-DST abbreviations. 65 # Corrections are welcome. 66 67 # Algeria 68 # Rule NAME FROM TO - IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S 69 Rule Algeria 1916 only - Jun 14 23:00s 1:00 S 70 Rule Algeria 1916 1919 - Oct Sun>=1 23:00s 0 - 71 Rule Algeria 1917 only - Mar 24 23:00s 1:00 S 72 Rule Algeria 1918 only - Mar 9 23:00s 1:00 S 73 Rule Algeria 1919 only - Mar 1 23:00s 1:00 S 74 Rule Algeria 1920 only - Feb 14 23:00s 1:00 S 75 Rule Algeria 1920 only - Oct 23 23:00s 0 - 76 Rule Algeria 1921 only - Mar 14 23:00s 1:00 S 77 Rule Algeria 1921 only - Jun 21 23:00s 0 - 78 Rule Algeria 1939 only - Sep 11 23:00s 1:00 S 79 Rule Algeria 1939 only - Nov 19 1:00 0 - 80 Rule Algeria 1944 1945 - Apr Mon>=1 2:00 1:00 S 81 Rule Algeria 1944 only - Oct 8 2:00 0 - 82 Rule Algeria 1945 only - Sep 16 1:00 0 - 83 Rule Algeria 1971 only - Apr 25 23:00s 1:00 S 84 Rule Algeria 1971 only - Sep 26 23:00s 0 - 85 Rule Algeria 1977 only - May 6 0:00 1:00 S 86 Rule Algeria 1977 only - Oct 21 0:00 0 - 87 Rule Algeria 1978 only - Mar 24 1:00 1:00 S 88 Rule Algeria 1978 only - Sep 22 3:00 0 - 89 Rule Algeria 1980 only - Apr 25 0:00 1:00 S 90 Rule Algeria 1980 only - Oct 31 2:00 0 - 91 # See Europe/Paris for PMT-related transitions. 92 # Zone NAME STDOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] 93 Zone Africa/Algiers 0:12:12 - LMT 1891 Mar 16 94 0:09:21 - PMT 1911 Mar 11 # Paris Mean Time 95 0:00 Algeria WE%sT 1940 Feb 25 2:00 96 1:00 Algeria CE%sT 1946 Oct 7 97 0:00 - WET 1956 Jan 29 98 1:00 - CET 1963 Apr 14 99 0:00 Algeria WE%sT 1977 Oct 21 100 1:00 Algeria CE%sT 1979 Oct 26 101 0:00 Algeria WE%sT 1981 May 102 1:00 - CET 103 104 # Cape Verde / Cabo Verde 105 # 106 # From Tim Parenti (2024-07-01), per Paul Eggert (2018-02-16): 107 # For timestamps before independence, see commentary for Europe/Lisbon. 108 # Shanks gives 1907 instead for the transition to -02. 109 # 110 # Zone NAME STDOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] 111 Zone Atlantic/Cape_Verde -1:34:04 - LMT 1912 Jan 01 2:00u # Praia 112 -2:00 - %z 1942 Sep 113 -2:00 1:00 %z 1945 Oct 15 114 -2:00 - %z 1975 Nov 25 2:00 115 -1:00 - %z 116 117 # Chad 118 # Zone NAME STDOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] 119 Zone Africa/Ndjamena 1:00:12 - LMT 1912 Jan 1 # N'Djamena 120 1:00 - WAT 1979 Oct 14 121 1:00 1:00 WAST 1980 Mar 8 122 1:00 - WAT 123 124 # Burkina Faso 125 # Cte d'Ivoire (Ivory Coast) 126 # The Gambia 127 # Ghana 128 # Guinea 129 # Iceland 130 # Mali 131 # Mauritania 132 # St Helena 133 # Senegal 134 # Sierra Leone 135 # Togo 136 137 # The other parts of the St Helena territory are similar: 138 # Tristan da Cunha: on GMT, say Whitman and the CIA 139 # Ascension: on GMT, say the USNO (1995-12-21) and the CIA 140 # Gough (scientific station since 1955; sealers wintered previously): 141 # on GMT, says the CIA 142 # Inaccessible, Nightingale: uninhabited 143 144 # Zone NAME STDOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] 145 Zone Africa/Abidjan -0:16:08 - LMT 1912 Jan 1 146 0:00 - GMT 147 148 ############################################################################### 149 150 # Egypt 151 152 # Milne says Cairo used 2:05:08.9, the local mean time of the Abbasizeh 153 # observatory. Milne also says that the official time for 154 # Egypt was mean noon at the Great Pyramid, 2:04:30.5, but apparently this 155 # did not apply to Cairo, Alexandria, or Port Said. 156 157 # Rule NAME FROM TO - IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S 158 Rule Egypt 1940 only - Jul 15 0:00 1:00 S 159 Rule Egypt 1940 only - Oct 1 0:00 0 - 160 Rule Egypt 1941 only - Apr 15 0:00 1:00 S 161 Rule Egypt 1941 only - Sep 16 0:00 0 - 162 Rule Egypt 1942 1944 - Apr 1 0:00 1:00 S 163 Rule Egypt 1942 only - Oct 27 0:00 0 - 164 Rule Egypt 1943 1945 - Nov 1 0:00 0 - 165 Rule Egypt 1945 only - Apr 16 0:00 1:00 S 166 Rule Egypt 1957 only - May 10 0:00 1:00 S 167 Rule Egypt 1957 1958 - Oct 1 0:00 0 - 168 Rule Egypt 1958 only - May 1 0:00 1:00 S 169 Rule Egypt 1959 1981 - May 1 1:00 1:00 S 170 Rule Egypt 1959 1965 - Sep 30 3:00 0 - 171 Rule Egypt 1966 1994 - Oct 1 3:00 0 - 172 Rule Egypt 1982 only - Jul 25 1:00 1:00 S 173 Rule Egypt 1983 only - Jul 12 1:00 1:00 S 174 Rule Egypt 1984 1988 - May 1 1:00 1:00 S 175 Rule Egypt 1989 only - May 6 1:00 1:00 S 176 Rule Egypt 1990 1994 - May 1 1:00 1:00 S 177 # IATA (after 1990) says transitions are at 0:00. 178 # Go with IATA starting in 1995, except correct 1995 entry from 09-30 to 09-29. 179 180 # From Alexander Krivenyshev (2011-04-20): 181 # "...Egypt's interim cabinet decided on Wednesday to cancel daylight 182 # saving time after a poll posted on its website showed the majority of 183 # Egyptians would approve the cancellation." 184 # 185 # Egypt to cancel daylight saving time 186 # http://www.almasryalyoum.com/en/node/407168 187 # or 188 # http://www.worldtimezone.com/dst_news/dst_news_egypt04.html 189 Rule Egypt 1995 2010 - Apr lastFri 0:00s 1:00 S 190 Rule Egypt 1995 2005 - Sep lastThu 24:00 0 - 191 # From Steffen Thorsen (2006-09-19): 192 # The Egyptian Gazette, issue 41,090 (2006-09-18), page 1, reports: 193 # Egypt will turn back clocks by one hour at the midnight of Thursday 194 # after observing the daylight saving time since May. 195 # http://news.gom.com.eg/gazette/pdf/2006/09/18/01.pdf 196 Rule Egypt 2006 only - Sep 21 24:00 0 - 197 # From Dirk Losch (2007-08-14): 198 # I received a mail from an airline which says that the daylight 199 # saving time in Egypt will end in the night of 2007-09-06 to 2007-09-07. 200 # From Jesper Nrgaard Welen (2007-08-15): [The following agree:] 201 # http://www.nentjes.info/Bill/bill5.htm 202 # https://www.timeanddate.com/worldclock/city.html?n=53 203 # From Steffen Thorsen (2007-09-04): The official information...: 204 # http://www.sis.gov.eg/En/EgyptOnline/Miscellaneous/000002/0207000000000000001580.htm 205 Rule Egypt 2007 only - Sep Thu>=1 24:00 0 - 206 # From Abdelrahman Hassan (2007-09-06): 207 # Due to the Hijri (lunar Islamic calendar) year being 11 days shorter 208 # than the year of the Gregorian calendar, Ramadan shifts earlier each 209 # year. This year it will be observed September 13 (September is quite 210 # hot in Egypt), and the idea is to make fasting easier for workers by 211 # shifting business hours one hour out of daytime heat. Consequently, 212 # unless discontinued, next DST may end Thursday 28 August 2008. 213 # From Paul Eggert (2007-08-17): 214 # For lack of better info, assume the new rule is last Thursday in August. 215 216 # From Petr Machata (2009-04-06): 217 # The following appeared in Red Hat bugzilla[1] (edited): 218 # 219 # > $ zdump -v /usr/share/zoneinfo/Africa/Cairo | grep 2009 220 # > /usr/share/zoneinfo/Africa/Cairo Thu Apr 23 21:59:59 2009 UTC = Thu = 221 # Apr 23 222 # > 23:59:59 2009 EET isdst=0 gmtoff=7200 223 # > /usr/share/zoneinfo/Africa/Cairo Thu Apr 23 22:00:00 2009 UTC = Fri = 224 # Apr 24 225 # > 01:00:00 2009 EEST isdst=1 gmtoff=10800 226 # > /usr/share/zoneinfo/Africa/Cairo Thu Aug 27 20:59:59 2009 UTC = Thu = 227 # Aug 27 228 # > 23:59:59 2009 EEST isdst=1 gmtoff=10800 229 # > /usr/share/zoneinfo/Africa/Cairo Thu Aug 27 21:00:00 2009 UTC = Thu = 230 # Aug 27 231 # > 23:00:00 2009 EET isdst=0 gmtoff=7200 232 # 233 # > end date should be Thu Sep 24 2009 (Last Thursday in September at 23:59= 234 # :59) 235 # > http://support.microsoft.com/kb/958729/ 236 # 237 # timeanddate[2] and another site I've found[3] also support that. 238 # 239 # [1] https://bugzilla.redhat.com/show_bug.cgi?id=492263 240 # [2] https://www.timeanddate.com/worldclock/clockchange.html?n=53 241 # [3] https://wwp.greenwichmeantime.com/time-zone/africa/egypt/ 242 243 # From Arthur David Olson (2009-04-20): 244 # In 2009 (and for the next several years), Ramadan ends before the fourth 245 # Thursday in September; Egypt is expected to revert to the last Thursday 246 # in September. 247 248 # From Steffen Thorsen (2009-08-11): 249 # We have been able to confirm the August change with the Egyptian Cabinet 250 # Information and Decision Support Center: 251 # https://www.timeanddate.com/news/time/egypt-dst-ends-2009.html 252 # 253 # The Middle East News Agency 254 # https://www.mena.org.eg/index.aspx 255 # also reports "Egypt starts winter time on August 21" 256 # today in article numbered "71, 11/08/2009 12:25 GMT." 257 # Only the title above is available without a subscription to their service, 258 # and can be found by searching for "winter" in their search engine 259 # (at least today). 260 261 # From Alexander Krivenyshev (2010-07-20): 262 # According to News from Egypt - Al-Masry Al-Youm Egypt's cabinet has 263 # decided that Daylight Saving Time will not be used in Egypt during 264 # Ramadan. 265 # 266 # Arabic translation: 267 # "Clocks to go back during Ramadan - and then forward again" 268 # http://www.almasryalyoum.com/en/news/clocks-go-back-during-ramadan-and-then-forward-again 269 # http://www.worldtimezone.com/dst_news/dst_news_egypt02.html 270 271 # From Ahmad El-Dardiry (2014-05-07): 272 # Egypt is to change back to Daylight system on May 15 273 # http://english.ahram.org.eg/NewsContent/1/64/100735/Egypt/Politics-/Egypts-government-to-reapply-daylight-saving-time-.aspx 274 275 # From Gunther Vermier (2014-05-13): 276 # our Egypt office confirms that the change will be at 15 May "midnight" (24:00) 277 278 # From Imed Chihi (2014-06-04): 279 # We have finally "located" a precise official reference about the DST changes 280 # in Egypt. The Ministers Cabinet decision is explained at 281 # http://www.cabinet.gov.eg/Media/CabinetMeetingsDetails.aspx?id=347 ... 282 # [T]his (Arabic) site is not accessible outside Egypt, but the page ... 283 # translates into: "With regard to daylight saving time, it is scheduled to 284 # take effect at exactly twelve o'clock this evening, Thursday, 15 MAY 2014, 285 # to be suspended by twelve o'clock on the evening of Thursday, 26 JUN 2014, 286 # and re-established again at the end of the month of Ramadan, at twelve 287 # o'clock on the evening of Thursday, 31 JUL 2014." This statement has been 288 # reproduced by other (more accessible) sites[, e.g.,]... 289 # http://elgornal.net/news/news.aspx?id=4699258 290 291 # From Steffen Thorsen (2015-04-08): 292 # Egypt will start DST on midnight after Thursday, April 30, 2015. 293 # This is based on a law (no 35) from May 15, 2014 saying it starts the last 294 # Thursday of April.... Clocks will still be turned back for Ramadan, but 295 # dates not yet announced.... 296 # http://almogaz.com/news/weird-news/2015/04/05/1947105 ... 297 # https://www.timeanddate.com/news/time/egypt-starts-dst-2015.html 298 299 # From Ahmed Nazmy (2015-04-20): 300 # Egypt's ministers cabinet just announced ... that it will cancel DST at 301 # least for 2015. 302 # 303 # From Tim Parenti (2015-04-20): 304 # http://english.ahram.org.eg/WriterArticles/NewsContentP/1/128195/Egypt/No-daylight-saving-this-summer-Egypts-prime-minist.aspx 305 # "Egypt's cabinet agreed on Monday not to switch clocks for daylight saving 306 # time this summer, and carry out studies on the possibility of canceling the 307 # practice altogether in future years." 308 # 309 # From Paul Eggert (2015-04-24): 310 # Yesterday the office of Egyptian President El-Sisi announced his 311 # decision to abandon DST permanently. See Ahram Online 2015-04-24. 312 # http://english.ahram.org.eg/NewsContent/1/64/128509/Egypt/Politics-/Sisi-cancels-daylight-saving-time-in-Egypt.aspx 313 314 # From Steffen Thorsen (2016-04-29): 315 # Egypt will have DST from July 7 until the end of October.... 316 # http://english.ahram.org.eg/NewsContentP/1/204655/Egypt/Daylight-savings-time-returning-to-Egypt-on--July.aspx 317 # From Mina Samuel (2016-07-04): 318 # Egyptian government took the decision to cancel the DST, 319 320 # From Ahmad ElDardiry (2023-03-01): 321 # Egypt officially announced today that daylight savings will be 322 # applied from last Friday of April to last Thursday of October. 323 # From Paul Eggert (2023-03-01): 324 # Assume transitions are at 00:00 and 24:00 respectively. 325 # From Amir Adib (2023-03-07): 326 # https://www.facebook.com/EgyptianCabinet/posts/638829614954129/ 327 328 Rule Egypt 2008 only - Aug lastThu 24:00 0 - 329 Rule Egypt 2009 only - Aug 20 24:00 0 - 330 Rule Egypt 2010 only - Aug 10 24:00 0 - 331 Rule Egypt 2010 only - Sep 9 24:00 1:00 S 332 Rule Egypt 2010 only - Sep lastThu 24:00 0 - 333 Rule Egypt 2014 only - May 15 24:00 1:00 S 334 Rule Egypt 2014 only - Jun 26 24:00 0 - 335 Rule Egypt 2014 only - Jul 31 24:00 1:00 S 336 Rule Egypt 2014 only - Sep lastThu 24:00 0 - 337 Rule Egypt 2023 max - Apr lastFri 0:00 1:00 S 338 Rule Egypt 2023 max - Oct lastThu 24:00 0 - 339 340 # Zone NAME STDOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] 341 #STDOFF 2:05:08.9 342 Zone Africa/Cairo 2:05:09 - LMT 1900 Oct 343 2:00 Egypt EE%sT 344 345 # Guinea-Bissau 346 # 347 # From Tim Parenti (2024-07-01), per Paul Eggert (2018-02-16): 348 # For timestamps before independence, see commentary for Europe/Lisbon. 349 # 350 # Zone NAME STDOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] 351 Zone Africa/Bissau -1:02:20 - LMT 1912 Jan 1 1:00u 352 -1:00 - %z 1975 353 0:00 - GMT 354 355 # Comoros 356 # Djibouti 357 # Eritrea 358 # Ethiopia 359 # Kenya 360 # Madagascar 361 # Mayotte 362 # Somalia 363 # Tanzania 364 # Uganda 365 366 # From P Chan (2020-10-24): 367 # 368 # The standard time of GMT+2:30 was adopted in the East Africa Protectorate.... 369 # [The Official Gazette, 1908-05-01, p 274] 370 # https://books.google.com/books?id=e-cAC-sjPSEC&pg=PA274 371 # 372 # At midnight on 30 June 1928 the clocks throughout Kenya was put forward 373 # half an hour by the Alteration of Time Ordinance, 1928. 374 # https://gazettes.africa/archive/ke/1928/ke-government-gazette-dated-1928-05-11-no-28.pdf 375 # [Ordinance No. 11 of 1928, The Official Gazette, 1928-06-26, p 813] 376 # https://books.google.com/books?id=2S0S6os32ZUC&pg=PA813 377 # 378 # The 1928 ordinance was repealed by the Alteration of Time (repeal) Ordinance, 379 # 1929 and the time was restored to GMT+2:30 at midnight on 4 January 1930. 380 # [Ordinance No. 97 of 1929, The Official Gazette, 1929-12-31, p 2701] 381 # https://books.google.com/books?id=_g18jIZQlwwC&pg=PA2701 382 # 383 # The Alteration of Time Ordinance, 1936 changed the time to GMT+2:45 384 # and repealed the previous ordinance at midnight on 31 December 1936. 385 # [The Official Gazette, 1936-07-21, p 705] 386 # https://books.google.com/books?id=K7j41z0aC5wC&pg=PA705 387 # 388 # The Defence (Amendment of Laws No. 120) Regulations changed the time 389 # to GMT+3 at midnight on 31 July 1942. 390 # [Kenya Official Gazette Supplement No. 32, 1942-07-21, p 331] 391 # https://books.google.com/books?hl=zh-TW&id=c_E-AQAAIAAJ&pg=PA331 392 # The provision of the 1936 ordinance was not repealed and was later 393 # incorporated in the Interpretation and General Clauses Ordinance in 1948. 394 # Although it was overridden by the 1942 regulations. 395 # [The Laws of Kenya in force on 1948-09-21, Title I, Chapter 1, 31] 396 # https://dds.crl.edu/item/217517 (p.101) 397 # In 1950 the Interpretation and General Clauses Ordinance was amended to adopt 398 # GMT+3 permanently as the 1942 regulations were due to expire on 10 December. 399 # https://books.google.com/books?id=jvR8mUDAwR0C&pg=PA787 400 # [Ordinance No. 44 of 1950, Kenya Ordinances 1950, Vol. XXIX, p 294] 401 # https://books.google.com/books?id=-_dQAQAAMAAJ&pg=PA294 402 403 # From Paul Eggert (2020-10-24): 404 # The 1908-05-01 announcement does not give an effective date, 405 # so just say "1908 May". 406 407 # From Paul Eggert (2018-09-11): 408 # Unfortunately tzdb records only Western clock time in use in Ethiopia, 409 # as the tzdb format is not up to properly recording a common Ethiopian 410 # timekeeping practice that is based on solar time. See: 411 # Mortada D. If you have a meeting in Ethiopia, you'd better double 412 # check the time. PRI's The World. 2015-01-30 15:15 -05. 413 # https://www.pri.org/stories/2015-01-30/if-you-have-meeting-ethiopia-you-better-double-check-time 414 415 # Zone NAME STDOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] 416 Zone Africa/Nairobi 2:27:16 - LMT 1908 May 417 2:30 - %z 1928 Jun 30 24:00 418 3:00 - EAT 1930 Jan 4 24:00 419 2:30 - %z 1936 Dec 31 24:00 420 2:45 - %z 1942 Jul 31 24:00 421 3:00 - EAT 422 423 # Liberia 424 # 425 # From Paul Eggert (2017-03-02): 426 # 427 # The Nautical Almanac for the Year 1970, p 264, is the source for -0:44:30. 428 # 429 # In 1972 Liberia was the last country to switch from a UT offset 430 # that was not a multiple of 15 or 20 minutes. The 1972 change was on 431 # 1972-01-07, according to an entry dated 1972-01-04 on p 330 of: 432 # Presidential Papers: First year of the administration of 433 # President William R. Tolbert, Jr., July 23, 1971-July 31, 1972. 434 # Monrovia: Executive Mansion. 435 # 436 # Use the abbreviation "MMT" before 1972, as the more accurate numeric 437 # abbreviation "-004430" would be one byte over the POSIX limit. 438 # 439 # Zone NAME STDOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] 440 Zone Africa/Monrovia -0:43:08 - LMT 1882 441 -0:43:08 - MMT 1919 Mar # Monrovia Mean Time 442 -0:44:30 - MMT 1972 Jan 7 # approximately MMT 443 0:00 - GMT 444 445 ############################################################################### 446 447 # Libya 448 449 # From Even Scharning (2012-11-10): 450 # Libya set their time one hour back at 02:00 on Saturday November 10. 451 # https://www.libyaherald.com/2012/11/04/clocks-to-go-back-an-hour-on-saturday/ 452 # Here is an official source [in Arabic]: http://ls.ly/fb6Yc 453 # 454 # Steffen Thorsen forwarded a translation (2012-11-10) in 455 # https://mm.icann.org/pipermail/tz/2012-November/018451.html 456 # 457 # From Tim Parenti (2012-11-11): 458 # Treat the 2012-11-10 change as a zone change from UTC+2 to UTC+1. 459 # The DST rules planned for 2013 and onward roughly mirror those of Europe 460 # (either two days before them or five days after them, so as to fall on 461 # lastFri instead of lastSun). 462 463 # From Even Scharning (2013-10-25): 464 # The scheduled end of DST in Libya on Friday, October 25, 2013 was 465 # cancelled yesterday.... 466 # https://www.libyaherald.com/2013/10/24/correction-no-time-change-tomorrow/ 467 # 468 # From Paul Eggert (2013-10-25): 469 # For now, assume they're reverting to the pre-2012 rules of permanent UT +02. 470 471 # Rule NAME FROM TO - IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S 472 Rule Libya 1951 only - Oct 14 2:00 1:00 S 473 Rule Libya 1952 only - Jan 1 0:00 0 - 474 Rule Libya 1953 only - Oct 9 2:00 1:00 S 475 Rule Libya 1954 only - Jan 1 0:00 0 - 476 Rule Libya 1955 only - Sep 30 0:00 1:00 S 477 Rule Libya 1956 only - Jan 1 0:00 0 - 478 Rule Libya 1982 1984 - Apr 1 0:00 1:00 S 479 Rule Libya 1982 1985 - Oct 1 0:00 0 - 480 Rule Libya 1985 only - Apr 6 0:00 1:00 S 481 Rule Libya 1986 only - Apr 4 0:00 1:00 S 482 Rule Libya 1986 only - Oct 3 0:00 0 - 483 Rule Libya 1987 1989 - Apr 1 0:00 1:00 S 484 Rule Libya 1987 1989 - Oct 1 0:00 0 - 485 Rule Libya 1997 only - Apr 4 0:00 1:00 S 486 Rule Libya 1997 only - Oct 4 0:00 0 - 487 Rule Libya 2013 only - Mar lastFri 1:00 1:00 S 488 Rule Libya 2013 only - Oct lastFri 2:00 0 - 489 # Zone NAME STDOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] 490 Zone Africa/Tripoli 0:52:44 - LMT 1920 491 1:00 Libya CE%sT 1959 492 2:00 - EET 1982 493 1:00 Libya CE%sT 1990 May 4 494 # The 1996 and 1997 entries are from Shanks & Pottenger; 495 # the IATA SSIM data entries contain some obvious errors. 496 2:00 - EET 1996 Sep 30 497 1:00 Libya CE%sT 1997 Oct 4 498 2:00 - EET 2012 Nov 10 2:00 499 1:00 Libya CE%sT 2013 Oct 25 2:00 500 2:00 - EET 501 502 # Mauritius 503 504 # From Steffen Thorsen (2008-06-25): 505 # Mauritius plans to observe DST from 2008-11-01 to 2009-03-31 on a trial 506 # basis.... 507 # It seems that Mauritius observed daylight saving time from 1982-10-10 to 508 # 1983-03-20 as well, but that was not successful.... 509 # https://www.timeanddate.com/news/time/mauritius-daylight-saving-time.html 510 511 # From Alex Krivenyshev (2008-06-25): 512 # http://economicdevelopment.gov.mu/portal/site/Mainhomepage/menuitem.a42b24128104d9845dabddd154508a0c/?content_id=0a7cee8b5d69a110VgnVCM1000000a04a8c0RCRD 513 514 # From Arthur David Olson (2008-06-30): 515 # The www.timeanddate.com article cited by Steffen Thorsen notes that "A 516 # final decision has yet to be made on the times that daylight saving 517 # would begin and end on these dates." As a place holder, use midnight. 518 519 # From Paul Eggert (2008-06-30): 520 # Follow Thorsen on DST in 1982/1983, instead of Shanks & Pottenger. 521 522 # From Steffen Thorsen (2008-07-10): 523 # According to 524 # http://www.lexpress.mu/display_article.php?news_id=111216 525 # (in French), Mauritius will start and end their DST a few days earlier 526 # than previously announced (2008-11-01 to 2009-03-31). The new start 527 # date is 2008-10-26 at 02:00 and the new end date is 2009-03-27 (no time 528 # given, but it is probably at either 2 or 3 wall clock time). 529 # 530 # A little strange though, since the article says that they moved the date 531 # to align itself with Europe and USA which also change time on that date, 532 # but that means they have not paid attention to what happened in 533 # USA/Canada last year (DST ends first Sunday in November). I also wonder 534 # why that they end on a Friday, instead of aligning with Europe which 535 # changes two days later. 536 537 # From Alex Krivenyshev (2008-07-11): 538 # Seems that English language article "The revival of daylight saving 539 # time: Energy conservation?"- No. 16578 (07/11/2008) was originally 540 # published on Monday, June 30, 2008... 541 # 542 # I guess that article in French "Le gouvernement avance l'introduction 543 # de l'heure d't" stating that DST in Mauritius starting on October 26 544 # and ending on March 27, 2009 is the most recent one.... 545 # http://www.worldtimezone.com/dst_news/dst_news_mauritius02.html 546 547 # From Riad M. Hossen Ally (2008-08-03): 548 # The Government of Mauritius weblink 549 # http://www.gov.mu/portal/site/pmosite/menuitem.4ca0efdee47462e7440a600248a521ca/?content_id=4728ca68b2a5b110VgnVCM1000000a04a8c0RCRD 550 # Cabinet Decision of July 18th, 2008 states as follows: 551 # 552 # 4. ...Cabinet has agreed to the introduction into the National Assembly 553 # of the Time Bill which provides for the introduction of summer time in 554 # Mauritius. The summer time period which will be of one hour ahead of 555 # the standard time, will be aligned with that in Europe and the United 556 # States of America. It will start at two o'clock in the morning on the 557 # last Sunday of October and will end at two o'clock in the morning on 558 # the last Sunday of March the following year. The summer time for the 559 # year 2008-2009 will, therefore, be effective as from 26 October 2008 560 # and end on 29 March 2009. 561 562 # From Ed Maste (2008-10-07): 563 # THE TIME BILL (No. XXVII of 2008) Explanatory Memorandum states the 564 # beginning / ending of summer time is 2 o'clock standard time in the 565 # morning of the last Sunday of October / last Sunday of March. 566 # http://www.gov.mu/portal/goc/assemblysite/file/bill2708.pdf 567 568 # From Steffen Thorsen (2009-06-05): 569 # According to several sources, Mauritius will not continue to observe 570 # DST the coming summer... 571 # 572 # Some sources, in French: 573 # http://www.defimedia.info/news/946/Rashid-Beebeejaun-:--L%E2%80%99heure-d%E2%80%99t-ne-sera-pas-applique-cette-anne- 574 # http://lexpress.mu/Story/3398~Beebeejaun---Les-objectifs-d-conomie-d-nergie-de-l-heure-d-t-ont-t-atteints- 575 # 576 # Our wrap-up: 577 # https://www.timeanddate.com/news/time/mauritius-dst-will-not-repeat.html 578 579 # From Arthur David Olson (2009-07-11): 580 # The "mauritius-dst-will-not-repeat" wrapup includes this: 581 # "The trial ended on March 29, 2009, when the clocks moved back by one hour 582 # at 2am (or 02:00) local time..." 583 584 # Rule NAME FROM TO - IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S 585 Rule Mauritius 1982 only - Oct 10 0:00 1:00 - 586 Rule Mauritius 1983 only - Mar 21 0:00 0 - 587 Rule Mauritius 2008 only - Oct lastSun 2:00 1:00 - 588 Rule Mauritius 2009 only - Mar lastSun 2:00 0 - 589 # Zone NAME STDOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] 590 Zone Indian/Mauritius 3:50:00 - LMT 1907 # Port Louis 591 4:00 Mauritius %z 592 # Agalega Is, Rodriguez 593 # no information; probably like Indian/Mauritius 594 595 596 # Morocco 597 # See Africa/Ceuta for Spanish Morocco. 598 599 # From Alex Krivenyshev (2008-05-09): 600 # Here is an article that Morocco plan to introduce Daylight Saving Time between 601 # 1 June, 2008 and 27 September, 2008. 602 # 603 # "... Morocco is to save energy by adjusting its clock during summer so it will 604 # be one hour ahead of GMT between 1 June and 27 September, according to 605 # Communication Minister and Government Spokesman, Khalid Naciri...." 606 # 607 # http://www.worldtimezone.com/dst_news/dst_news_morocco01.html 608 # http://en.afrik.com/news11892.html 609 610 # From Alex Krivenyshev (2008-05-09): 611 # The Morocco time change can be confirmed on Morocco web site Maghreb Arabe 612 # Presse: 613 # http://www.map.ma/eng/sections/box3/morocco_shifts_to_da/view 614 # 615 # Morocco shifts to daylight time on June 1st through September 27, Govt. 616 # spokesman. 617 618 # From Patrice Scattolin (2008-05-09): 619 # According to this article: 620 # https://www.avmaroc.com/actualite/heure-dete-comment-a127896.html 621 # (and republished here: <http://www.actu.ma/heure-dete-comment_i127896_0.html>) 622 # the changes occur at midnight: 623 # 624 # Saturday night May 31st at midnight (which in French is to be 625 # interpreted as the night between Saturday and Sunday) 626 # Sunday night the 28th at midnight 627 # 628 # Seeing that the 28th is Monday, I am guessing that she intends to say 629 # the midnight of the 28th which is the midnight between Sunday and 630 # Monday, which jives with other sources that say that it's inclusive 631 # June 1st to Sept 27th. 632 # 633 # The decision was taken by decree *2-08-224 *but I can't find the decree 634 # published on the web. 635 # 636 # It's also confirmed here: 637 # http://www.maroc.ma/NR/exeres/FACF141F-D910-44B0-B7FA-6E03733425D1.htm 638 # on a government portal as being between June 1st and Sept 27th (not yet 639 # posted in English). 640 # 641 # The following Google query will generate many relevant hits: 642 # https://www.google.com/search?hl=en&q=Conseil+de+gouvernement+maroc+heure+avance&btnG=Search 643 644 # From Steffen Thorsen (2008-08-27): 645 # Morocco will change the clocks back on the midnight between August 31 646 # and September 1. They originally planned to observe DST to near the end 647 # of September: 648 # 649 # One article about it (in French): 650 # http://www.menara.ma/fr/Actualites/Maroc/Societe/ci.retour_a_l_heure_gmt_a_partir_du_dimanche_31_aout_a_minuit_officiel_.default 651 # 652 # We have some further details posted here: 653 # https://www.timeanddate.com/news/time/morocco-ends-dst-early-2008.html 654 655 # From Steffen Thorsen (2009-03-17): 656 # Morocco will observe DST from 2009-06-01 00:00 to 2009-08-21 00:00 according 657 # to many sources, such as 658 # http://news.marweb.com/morocco/entertainment/morocco-daylight-saving.html 659 # http://www.medi1sat.ma/fr/depeche.aspx?idp=2312 660 # (French) 661 # 662 # Our summary: 663 # https://www.timeanddate.com/news/time/morocco-starts-dst-2009.html 664 665 # From Alexander Krivenyshev (2009-03-17): 666 # Here is a link to official document from Royaume du Maroc Premier Ministre, 667 # Ministre de la Modernisation des Secteurs Publics 668 # 669 # Under Article 1 of Royal Decree No. 455-67 of Act 23 safar 1387 (2 June 1967) 670 # concerning the amendment of the legal time, the Ministry of Modernization of 671 # Public Sectors announced that the official time in the Kingdom will be 672 # advanced 60 minutes from Sunday 31 May 2009 at midnight. 673 # 674 # http://www.mmsp.gov.ma/francais/Actualites_fr/PDF_Actualites_Fr/HeureEte_FR.pdf 675 # http://www.worldtimezone.com/dst_news/dst_news_morocco03.html 676 677 # From Steffen Thorsen (2010-04-13): 678 # Several news media in Morocco report that the Ministry of Modernization 679 # of Public Sectors has announced that Morocco will have DST from 680 # 2010-05-02 to 2010-08-08. 681 # 682 # Example: 683 # http://www.lavieeco.com/actualites/4099-le-maroc-passera-a-l-heure-d-ete-gmt1-le-2-mai.html 684 # (French) 685 # Our page: 686 # https://www.timeanddate.com/news/time/morocco-starts-dst-2010.html 687 688 # From Dan Abitol (2011-03-30): 689 # ...Rules for Africa/Casablanca are the following (24h format) 690 # The 3rd April 2011 at 00:00:00, [it] will be 3rd April 01:00:00 691 # The 31st July 2011 at 00:59:59, [it] will be 31st July 00:00:00 692 # ...Official links of change in morocco 693 # The change was broadcast on the FM Radio 694 # I ve called ANRT (telecom regulations in Morocco) at 695 # +212.537.71.84.00 696 # http://www.anrt.net.ma/fr/ 697 # They said that 698 # http://www.map.ma/fr/sections/accueil/l_heure_legale_au_ma/view 699 # is the official publication to look at. 700 # They said that the decision was already taken. 701 # 702 # More articles in the press 703 # https://www.yabiladi.com/articles/details/5058/secret-l-heure-d-ete-maroc-leve.html 704 # http://www.lematin.ma/Actualite/Express/Article.asp?id=148923 705 # http://www.lavieeco.com/actualite/Le-Maroc-passe-sur-GMT+1-a-partir-de-dim 706 707 # From Petr Machata (2011-03-30): 708 # They have it written in English here: 709 # http://www.map.ma/eng/sections/home/morocco_to_spring_fo/view 710 # 711 # It says there that "Morocco will resume its standard time on July 31, 712 # 2011 at midnight." Now they don't say whether they mean midnight of 713 # wall clock time (i.e. 11pm UTC), but that's what I would assume. It has 714 # also been like that in the past. 715 716 # From Alexander Krivenyshev (2012-03-09): 717 # According to Infomdiaire web site from Morocco (infomediaire.ma), 718 # on March 9, 2012, (in French) Heure lgale: 719 # Le Maroc adopte officiellement l'heure d't 720 # http://www.infomediaire.ma/news/maroc/heure-lgale-le-maroc-adopte-officiellement-lheure-dt 721 # Governing Council adopted draft decree, that Morocco DST starts on 722 # the last Sunday of March (March 25, 2012) and ends on 723 # last Sunday of September (September 30, 2012) 724 # except the month of Ramadan. 725 # or (brief) 726 # http://www.worldtimezone.com/dst_news/dst_news_morocco06.html 727 728 # From Arthur David Olson (2012-03-10): 729 # The infomediaire.ma source indicates that the system is to be in 730 # effect every year. It gives 03H00 as the "fall back" time of day; 731 # it lacks a "spring forward" time of day; assume 2:00 XXX. 732 # Wait on specifying the Ramadan exception for details about 733 # start date, start time of day, end date, and end time of day XXX. 734 735 # From Christophe Tropamer (2012-03-16): 736 # Seen Morocco change again: 737 # http://www.le2uminutes.com/actualite.php 738 # "... partir du dernier dimanche d'avril et non fins mars, 739 # comme annonc prcdemment." 740 741 # From Milamber Space Network (2012-07-17): 742 # The official return to GMT is announced by the Moroccan government: 743 # http://www.mmsp.gov.ma/fr/actualites.aspx?id=288 [in French] 744 # 745 # Google translation, lightly edited: 746 # Back to the standard time of the Kingdom (GMT) 747 # Pursuant to Decree No. 2-12-126 issued on 26 Jumada (I) 1433 (April 18, 748 # 2012) and in accordance with the order of Mr. President of the 749 # Government No. 3-47-12 issued on 24 Sha'ban (11 July 2012), the Ministry 750 # of Public Service and Administration Modernization announces the return 751 # of the legal time of the Kingdom (GMT) from Friday, July 20, 2012 until 752 # Monday, August 20, 2012. So the time will be delayed by 60 minutes from 753 # 3:00 am Friday, July 20, 2012 and will again be advanced by 60 minutes 754 # August 20, 2012 from 2:00 am. 755 756 # From Paul Eggert (2013-03-06): 757 # Morocco's daylight-saving transitions due to Ramadan seem to be 758 # announced a bit in advance. On 2012-07-11 the Moroccan government 759 # announced that year's Ramadan daylight-saving transitions would be 760 # 2012-07-20 and 2012-08-20; see 761 # http://www.mmsp.gov.ma/fr/actualites.aspx?id=288 762 763 # From Andrew Paprocki (2013-07-02): 764 # Morocco announced that the year's Ramadan daylight-savings 765 # transitions would be 2013-07-07 and 2013-08-10; see: 766 # http://www.maroc.ma/en/news/morocco-suspends-daylight-saving-time-july-7-aug10 767 768 # From Steffen Thorsen (2013-09-28): 769 # Morocco extends DST by one month, on very short notice, just 1 day 770 # before it was going to end. There is a new decree (2.13.781) for 771 # this, where DST from now on goes from last Sunday of March at 02:00 772 # to last Sunday of October at 03:00, similar to EU rules. Official 773 # source (French): 774 # http://www.maroc.gov.ma/fr/actualites/lhoraire-dete-gmt1-maintenu-jusquau-27-octobre-2013 775 # Another source (specifying the time for start and end in the decree): 776 # http://www.lemag.ma/Heure-d-ete-au-Maroc-jusqu-au-27-octobre_a75620.html 777 778 # From Sebastien Willemijns (2014-03-18): 779 # http://www.afriquinfos.com/articles/2014/3/18/maroc-heure-dete-avancez-tous-horloges-247891.asp 780 781 # From Milamber Space Network (2014-06-05): 782 # The Moroccan government has recently announced that the country will return 783 # to standard time at 03:00 on Saturday, June 28, 2014 local time.... DST 784 # will resume again at 02:00 on Saturday, August 2, 2014.... 785 # http://www.mmsp.gov.ma/fr/actualites.aspx?id=586 786 787 # From Milamber (2015-06-08): 788 # (Google Translation) The hour will thus be delayed 60 minutes 789 # Sunday, June 14 at 3:00, the ministry said in a statement, adding 790 # that the time will be advanced again 60 minutes Sunday, July 19, 791 # 2015 at 2:00. The move comes under 2.12.126 Decree of 26 Jumada I 792 # 1433 (18 April 2012) and the decision of the Head of Government of 793 # 16 N. 3-29-15 Chaaban 1435 (4 June 2015). 794 # Source (french): 795 # https://lnt.ma/le-maroc-reculera-dune-heure-le-dimanche-14-juin/ 796 # 797 # From Milamber (2015-06-09): 798 # http://www.mmsp.gov.ma/fr/actualites.aspx?id=863 799 # 800 # From Michael Deckers (2015-06-09): 801 # [The gov.ma announcement] would (probably) make the switch on 2015-07-19 go 802 # from 03:00 to 04:00 rather than from 02:00 to 03:00, as in the patch.... 803 # I think the patch is correct and the quoted text is wrong; the text in 804 # <https://lnt.ma/le-maroc-reculera-dune-heure-le-dimanche-14-juin/> agrees 805 # with the patch. 806 807 # From Mohamed Essedik Najd (2018-10-26): 808 # Today, a Moroccan government council approved the perpetual addition 809 # of 60 minutes to the regular Moroccan timezone. 810 # From Matt Johnson (2018-10-28): 811 # http://www.sgg.gov.ma/Portals/1/BO/2018/BO_6720-bis_Ar.pdf 812 # 813 # From Maamar Abdelkader (2018-11-01): 814 # We usually move clocks back the previous week end and come back to the +1 815 # the week end after.... The government does not announce yet the decision 816 # about this temporary change. But it s 99% sure that it will be the case, 817 # as in previous years. An unofficial survey was done these days, showing 818 # that 64% of asked people are ok for moving from +1 to +0 during Ramadan. 819 # https://leconomiste.com/article/1035870-enquete-l-economiste-sunergia-64-des-marocains-plebiscitent-le-gmt-pendant-ramadan 820 821 # From Naoufal Semlali (2019-04-16): 822 # Morocco will be on GMT starting from Sunday, May 5th 2019 at 3am. 823 # The switch to GMT+1 will occur on Sunday, June 9th 2019 at 2am.... 824 # http://fr.le360.ma/societe/voici-la-date-du-retour-a-lheure-legale-au-maroc-188222 825 826 # From Semlali Naoufal (2020-04-14): 827 # Following the announcement by the Moroccan government, the switch to 828 # GMT time will take place on Sunday, April 19, 2020 from 3 a.m. and 829 # the return to GMT+1 time will take place on Sunday, May 31, 2020 at 2 a.m.... 830 # https://maroc-diplomatique.net/maroc-le-retour-a-lheure-gmt-est-prevu-dimanche-prochain/ 831 # http://aujourdhui.ma/actualite/gmt1-retour-a-lheure-normale-dimanche-prochain-1 832 # 833 # From Milamber (2020-05-31) 834 # In Morocco (where I live), the end of Ramadan (Arabic month) is followed by 835 # the Eid al-Fitr, and concretely it's 1 or 2 day offs for the people (with 836 # traditional visiting of family, big lunches/dinners, etc.). So for this 837 # year the astronomical calculations don't include the following 2 days off in 838 # the calc. These 2 days fall in a Sunday/Monday, so it's not acceptable by 839 # people to have a time shift during these 2 days off. Perhaps you can modify 840 # the (predicted) rules for next years: if the end of Ramadan is a (probable) 841 # Friday or Saturday (and so the 2 days off are on a weekend), the next time 842 # shift will be the next weekend. 843 # 844 # From Milamber (2021-03-31, 2022-03-10): 845 # https://www.mmsp.gov.ma/fr/actualites.aspx?id=2076 846 # https://www.ecoactu.ma/horaires-administration-ramadan-gmtheure-gmt-a-partir-de-dimanche-27-mars/ 847 # 848 # From Milamber (2023-03-14, 2023-03-15): 849 # The return to legal GMT time will take place this Sunday, March 19 at 3 a.m. 850 # ... the return to GMT+1 will be made on Sunday April 23, 2023 at 2 a.m. 851 # https://www.mmsp.gov.ma/fr/actualites/passage--l%E2%80%99heure-gmt--partir-du-dimanche-19-mars-2023 852 # 853 # From Paul Eggert (2023-03-14): 854 # For now, guess that in the future Morocco will fall back at 03:00 855 # the last Sunday before Ramadan, and spring forward at 02:00 the 856 # first Sunday after one day after Ramadan. To implement this, 857 # transition dates and times for 2019 through 2087 were determined by 858 # running the following program under GNU Emacs 28.2. (This algorithm 859 # also produces the correct transition dates for 2016 through 2018, 860 # though the times differ due to Morocco's time zone change in 2018.) 861 # (let ((islamic-year 1440)) 862 # (require 'cal-islam) 863 # (while (< islamic-year 1511) 864 # (let ((a (calendar-islamic-to-absolute (list 9 1 islamic-year))) 865 # (b (+ 1 (calendar-islamic-to-absolute (list 10 1 islamic-year)))) 866 # (sunday 0)) 867 # (while (/= sunday (mod (setq a (1- a)) 7))) 868 # (while (/= sunday (mod b 7)) 869 # (setq b (1+ b))) 870 # (setq a (calendar-gregorian-from-absolute a)) 871 # (setq b (calendar-gregorian-from-absolute b)) 872 # (insert 873 # (format 874 # (concat "Rule\tMorocco\t%d\tonly\t-\t%s\t%2d\t 3:00\t-1:00\t-\n" 875 # "Rule\tMorocco\t%d\tonly\t-\t%s\t%2d\t 2:00\t0\t-\n") 876 # (car (cdr (cdr a))) (calendar-month-name (car a) t) (car (cdr a)) 877 # (car (cdr (cdr b))) (calendar-month-name (car b) t) (car (cdr b))))) 878 # (setq islamic-year (+ 1 islamic-year)))) 879 880 # Rule NAME FROM TO - IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S 881 Rule Morocco 1939 only - Sep 12 0:00 1:00 - 882 Rule Morocco 1939 only - Nov 19 0:00 0 - 883 Rule Morocco 1940 only - Feb 25 0:00 1:00 - 884 Rule Morocco 1945 only - Nov 18 0:00 0 - 885 Rule Morocco 1950 only - Jun 11 0:00 1:00 - 886 Rule Morocco 1950 only - Oct 29 0:00 0 - 887 Rule Morocco 1967 only - Jun 3 12:00 1:00 - 888 Rule Morocco 1967 only - Oct 1 0:00 0 - 889 Rule Morocco 1974 only - Jun 24 0:00 1:00 - 890 Rule Morocco 1974 only - Sep 1 0:00 0 - 891 Rule Morocco 1976 1977 - May 1 0:00 1:00 - 892 Rule Morocco 1976 only - Aug 1 0:00 0 - 893 Rule Morocco 1977 only - Sep 28 0:00 0 - 894 Rule Morocco 1978 only - Jun 1 0:00 1:00 - 895 Rule Morocco 1978 only - Aug 4 0:00 0 - 896 Rule Morocco 2008 only - Jun 1 0:00 1:00 - 897 Rule Morocco 2008 only - Sep 1 0:00 0 - 898 Rule Morocco 2009 only - Jun 1 0:00 1:00 - 899 Rule Morocco 2009 only - Aug 21 0:00 0 - 900 Rule Morocco 2010 only - May 2 0:00 1:00 - 901 Rule Morocco 2010 only - Aug 8 0:00 0 - 902 Rule Morocco 2011 only - Apr 3 0:00 1:00 - 903 Rule Morocco 2011 only - Jul 31 0:00 0 - 904 Rule Morocco 2012 2013 - Apr lastSun 2:00 1:00 - 905 Rule Morocco 2012 only - Jul 20 3:00 0 - 906 Rule Morocco 2012 only - Aug 20 2:00 1:00 - 907 Rule Morocco 2012 only - Sep 30 3:00 0 - 908 Rule Morocco 2013 only - Jul 7 3:00 0 - 909 Rule Morocco 2013 only - Aug 10 2:00 1:00 - 910 Rule Morocco 2013 2018 - Oct lastSun 3:00 0 - 911 Rule Morocco 2014 2018 - Mar lastSun 2:00 1:00 - 912 Rule Morocco 2014 only - Jun 28 3:00 0 - 913 Rule Morocco 2014 only - Aug 2 2:00 1:00 - 914 Rule Morocco 2015 only - Jun 14 3:00 0 - 915 Rule Morocco 2015 only - Jul 19 2:00 1:00 - 916 Rule Morocco 2016 only - Jun 5 3:00 0 - 917 Rule Morocco 2016 only - Jul 10 2:00 1:00 - 918 Rule Morocco 2017 only - May 21 3:00 0 - 919 Rule Morocco 2017 only - Jul 2 2:00 1:00 - 920 Rule Morocco 2018 only - May 13 3:00 0 - 921 Rule Morocco 2018 only - Jun 17 2:00 1:00 - 922 Rule Morocco 2019 only - May 5 3:00 -1:00 - 923 Rule Morocco 2019 only - Jun 9 2:00 0 - 924 Rule Morocco 2020 only - Apr 19 3:00 -1:00 - 925 Rule Morocco 2020 only - May 31 2:00 0 - 926 Rule Morocco 2021 only - Apr 11 3:00 -1:00 - 927 Rule Morocco 2021 only - May 16 2:00 0 - 928 Rule Morocco 2022 only - Mar 27 3:00 -1:00 - 929 Rule Morocco 2022 only - May 8 2:00 0 - 930 Rule Morocco 2023 only - Mar 19 3:00 -1:00 - 931 Rule Morocco 2023 only - Apr 23 2:00 0 - 932 Rule Morocco 2024 only - Mar 10 3:00 -1:00 - 933 Rule Morocco 2024 only - Apr 14 2:00 0 - 934 Rule Morocco 2025 only - Feb 23 3:00 -1:00 - 935 Rule Morocco 2025 only - Apr 6 2:00 0 - 936 Rule Morocco 2026 only - Feb 15 3:00 -1:00 - 937 Rule Morocco 2026 only - Mar 22 2:00 0 - 938 Rule Morocco 2027 only - Feb 7 3:00 -1:00 - 939 Rule Morocco 2027 only - Mar 14 2:00 0 - 940 Rule Morocco 2028 only - Jan 23 3:00 -1:00 - 941 Rule Morocco 2028 only - Mar 5 2:00 0 - 942 Rule Morocco 2029 only - Jan 14 3:00 -1:00 - 943 Rule Morocco 2029 only - Feb 18 2:00 0 - 944 Rule Morocco 2029 only - Dec 30 3:00 -1:00 - 945 Rule Morocco 2030 only - Feb 10 2:00 0 - 946 Rule Morocco 2030 only - Dec 22 3:00 -1:00 - 947 Rule Morocco 2031 only - Jan 26 2:00 0 - 948 Rule Morocco 2031 only - Dec 14 3:00 -1:00 - 949 Rule Morocco 2032 only - Jan 18 2:00 0 - 950 Rule Morocco 2032 only - Nov 28 3:00 -1:00 - 951 Rule Morocco 2033 only - Jan 9 2:00 0 - 952 Rule Morocco 2033 only - Nov 20 3:00 -1:00 - 953 Rule Morocco 2033 only - Dec 25 2:00 0 - 954 Rule Morocco 2034 only - Nov 5 3:00 -1:00 - 955 Rule Morocco 2034 only - Dec 17 2:00 0 - 956 Rule Morocco 2035 only - Oct 28 3:00 -1:00 - 957 Rule Morocco 2035 only - Dec 9 2:00 0 - 958 Rule Morocco 2036 only - Oct 19 3:00 -1:00 - 959 Rule Morocco 2036 only - Nov 23 2:00 0 - 960 Rule Morocco 2037 only - Oct 4 3:00 -1:00 - 961 Rule Morocco 2037 only - Nov 15 2:00 0 - 962 Rule Morocco 2038 only - Sep 26 3:00 -1:00 - 963 Rule Morocco 2038 only - Oct 31 2:00 0 - 964 Rule Morocco 2039 only - Sep 18 3:00 -1:00 - 965 Rule Morocco 2039 only - Oct 23 2:00 0 - 966 Rule Morocco 2040 only - Sep 2 3:00 -1:00 - 967 Rule Morocco 2040 only - Oct 14 2:00 0 - 968 Rule Morocco 2041 only - Aug 25 3:00 -1:00 - 969 Rule Morocco 2041 only - Sep 29 2:00 0 - 970 Rule Morocco 2042 only - Aug 10 3:00 -1:00 - 971 Rule Morocco 2042 only - Sep 21 2:00 0 - 972 Rule Morocco 2043 only - Aug 2 3:00 -1:00 - 973 Rule Morocco 2043 only - Sep 13 2:00 0 - 974 Rule Morocco 2044 only - Jul 24 3:00 -1:00 - 975 Rule Morocco 2044 only - Aug 28 2:00 0 - 976 Rule Morocco 2045 only - Jul 9 3:00 -1:00 - 977 Rule Morocco 2045 only - Aug 20 2:00 0 - 978 Rule Morocco 2046 only - Jul 1 3:00 -1:00 - 979 Rule Morocco 2046 only - Aug 5 2:00 0 - 980 Rule Morocco 2047 only - Jun 23 3:00 -1:00 - 981 Rule Morocco 2047 only - Jul 28 2:00 0 - 982 Rule Morocco 2048 only - Jun 7 3:00 -1:00 - 983 Rule Morocco 2048 only - Jul 19 2:00 0 - 984 Rule Morocco 2049 only - May 30 3:00 -1:00 - 985 Rule Morocco 2049 only - Jul 4 2:00 0 - 986 Rule Morocco 2050 only - May 15 3:00 -1:00 - 987 Rule Morocco 2050 only - Jun 26 2:00 0 - 988 Rule Morocco 2051 only - May 7 3:00 -1:00 - 989 Rule Morocco 2051 only - Jun 18 2:00 0 - 990 Rule Morocco 2052 only - Apr 28 3:00 -1:00 - 991 Rule Morocco 2052 only - Jun 2 2:00 0 - 992 Rule Morocco 2053 only - Apr 13 3:00 -1:00 - 993 Rule Morocco 2053 only - May 25 2:00 0 - 994 Rule Morocco 2054 only - Apr 5 3:00 -1:00 - 995 Rule Morocco 2054 only - May 10 2:00 0 - 996 Rule Morocco 2055 only - Mar 28 3:00 -1:00 - 997 Rule Morocco 2055 only - May 2 2:00 0 - 998 Rule Morocco 2056 only - Mar 12 3:00 -1:00 - 999 Rule Morocco 2056 only - Apr 23 2:00 0 - 1000 Rule Morocco 2057 only - Mar 4 3:00 -1:00 - 1001 Rule Morocco 2057 only - Apr 8 2:00 0 - 1002 Rule Morocco 2058 only - Feb 17 3:00 -1:00 - 1003 Rule Morocco 2058 only - Mar 31 2:00 0 - 1004 Rule Morocco 2059 only - Feb 9 3:00 -1:00 - 1005 Rule Morocco 2059 only - Mar 23 2:00 0 - 1006 Rule Morocco 2060 only - Feb 1 3:00 -1:00 - 1007 Rule Morocco 2060 only - Mar 7 2:00 0 - 1008 Rule Morocco 2061 only - Jan 16 3:00 -1:00 - 1009 Rule Morocco 2061 only - Feb 27 2:00 0 - 1010 Rule Morocco 2062 only - Jan 8 3:00 -1:00 - 1011 Rule Morocco 2062 only - Feb 12 2:00 0 - 1012 Rule Morocco 2062 only - Dec 31 3:00 -1:00 - 1013 Rule Morocco 2063 only - Feb 4 2:00 0 - 1014 Rule Morocco 2063 only - Dec 16 3:00 -1:00 - 1015 Rule Morocco 2064 only - Jan 27 2:00 0 - 1016 Rule Morocco 2064 only - Dec 7 3:00 -1:00 - 1017 Rule Morocco 2065 only - Jan 11 2:00 0 - 1018 Rule Morocco 2065 only - Nov 22 3:00 -1:00 - 1019 Rule Morocco 2066 only - Jan 3 2:00 0 - 1020 Rule Morocco 2066 only - Nov 14 3:00 -1:00 - 1021 Rule Morocco 2066 only - Dec 26 2:00 0 - 1022 Rule Morocco 2067 only - Nov 6 3:00 -1:00 - 1023 Rule Morocco 2067 only - Dec 11 2:00 0 - 1024 Rule Morocco 2068 only - Oct 21 3:00 -1:00 - 1025 Rule Morocco 2068 only - Dec 2 2:00 0 - 1026 Rule Morocco 2069 only - Oct 13 3:00 -1:00 - 1027 Rule Morocco 2069 only - Nov 17 2:00 0 - 1028 Rule Morocco 2070 only - Oct 5 3:00 -1:00 - 1029 Rule Morocco 2070 only - Nov 9 2:00 0 - 1030 Rule Morocco 2071 only - Sep 20 3:00 -1:00 - 1031 Rule Morocco 2071 only - Nov 1 2:00 0 - 1032 Rule Morocco 2072 only - Sep 11 3:00 -1:00 - 1033 Rule Morocco 2072 only - Oct 16 2:00 0 - 1034 Rule Morocco 2073 only - Aug 27 3:00 -1:00 - 1035 Rule Morocco 2073 only - Oct 8 2:00 0 - 1036 Rule Morocco 2074 only - Aug 19 3:00 -1:00 - 1037 Rule Morocco 2074 only - Sep 30 2:00 0 - 1038 Rule Morocco 2075 only - Aug 11 3:00 -1:00 - 1039 Rule Morocco 2075 only - Sep 15 2:00 0 - 1040 Rule Morocco 2076 only - Jul 26 3:00 -1:00 - 1041 Rule Morocco 2076 only - Sep 6 2:00 0 - 1042 Rule Morocco 2077 only - Jul 18 3:00 -1:00 - 1043 Rule Morocco 2077 only - Aug 22 2:00 0 - 1044 Rule Morocco 2078 only - Jul 10 3:00 -1:00 - 1045 Rule Morocco 2078 only - Aug 14 2:00 0 - 1046 Rule Morocco 2079 only - Jun 25 3:00 -1:00 - 1047 Rule Morocco 2079 only - Aug 6 2:00 0 - 1048 Rule Morocco 2080 only - Jun 16 3:00 -1:00 - 1049 Rule Morocco 2080 only - Jul 21 2:00 0 - 1050 Rule Morocco 2081 only - Jun 1 3:00 -1:00 - 1051 Rule Morocco 2081 only - Jul 13 2:00 0 - 1052 Rule Morocco 2082 only - May 24 3:00 -1:00 - 1053 Rule Morocco 2082 only - Jun 28 2:00 0 - 1054 Rule Morocco 2083 only - May 16 3:00 -1:00 - 1055 Rule Morocco 2083 only - Jun 20 2:00 0 - 1056 Rule Morocco 2084 only - Apr 30 3:00 -1:00 - 1057 Rule Morocco 2084 only - Jun 11 2:00 0 - 1058 Rule Morocco 2085 only - Apr 22 3:00 -1:00 - 1059 Rule Morocco 2085 only - May 27 2:00 0 - 1060 Rule Morocco 2086 only - Apr 14 3:00 -1:00 - 1061 Rule Morocco 2086 only - May 19 2:00 0 - 1062 Rule Morocco 2087 only - Mar 30 3:00 -1:00 - 1063 Rule Morocco 2087 only - May 11 2:00 0 - 1064 # For dates after the somewhat-arbitrary cutoff of 2087, assume that 1065 # Morocco will no longer observe DST. At some point this table will 1066 # need to be extended, though quite possibly Morocco will change the 1067 # rules first. 1068 1069 # Zone NAME STDOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] 1070 Zone Africa/Casablanca -0:30:20 - LMT 1913 Oct 26 1071 0:00 Morocco %z 1984 Mar 16 1072 1:00 - %z 1986 1073 0:00 Morocco %z 2018 Oct 28 3:00 1074 1:00 Morocco %z 1075 1076 # Western Sahara 1077 # 1078 # From Gwillim Law (2013-10-22): 1079 # A correspondent who is usually well informed about time zone matters 1080 # ... says that Western Sahara observes daylight saving time, just as 1081 # Morocco does. 1082 # 1083 # From Paul Eggert (2013-10-23): 1084 # Assume that this has been true since Western Sahara switched to GMT, 1085 # since most of it was then controlled by Morocco. 1086 1087 Zone Africa/El_Aaiun -0:52:48 - LMT 1934 Jan # El Aain 1088 -1:00 - %z 1976 Apr 14 1089 0:00 Morocco %z 2018 Oct 28 3:00 1090 1:00 Morocco %z 1091 1092 # Botswana 1093 # Burundi 1094 # Democratic Republic of the Congo (eastern) 1095 # Malawi 1096 # Mozambique 1097 # Rwanda 1098 # Zambia 1099 # Zimbabwe 1100 # 1101 # From Tim Parenti (2024-07-01): 1102 # For timestamps before Mozambique's independence, see commentary for 1103 # Europe/Lisbon. 1104 # 1105 # From Paul Eggert (2024-05-24): 1106 # The London Gazette, 1903-04-03, page 2245, says that 1107 # as of 1903-03-03 a time ball at the port of Loureno Marques 1108 # (as Maputo was then called) was dropped daily at 13:00:00 LMT, 1109 # corresponding to 22:49:41.7 GMT, so local time was +02:10:18.3. 1110 # Conversely, the newspaper South Africa, 1909-02-09, page 321, 1111 # says the port had just installed an apparatus that communicated 1112 # "from the controlling clock in the new Observatory at Reuben Point ... 1113 # exact mean South African time, i.e., 30 deg., or 2 hours East of Greenwich". 1114 # Although Shanks gives 1903-03-01 for the transition to CAT, 1115 # evidently the port transitioned to CAT after 1903-03-03 but before 1116 # the Portuguese legal transition of 1912-01-01 (see Europe/Lisbon commentary). 1117 # For lack of better info, list 1909 as the transition date. 1118 # 1119 # Zone NAME STDOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] 1120 #STDOFF 2:10:18.3 1121 Zone Africa/Maputo 2:10:18 - LMT 1909 1122 2:00 - CAT 1123 1124 # Namibia 1125 1126 # From Arthur David Olson (2017-08-09): 1127 # The text of the "Namibia Time Act, 1994" is available online at 1128 # www.lac.org.na/laws/1994/811.pdf 1129 # and includes this nugget: 1130 # Notwithstanding the provisions of subsection (2) of section 1, the 1131 # first winter period after the commencement of this Act shall 1132 # commence at OOhOO on Monday 21 March 1994 and shall end at 02h00 on 1133 # Sunday 4 September 1994. 1134 1135 # From Michael Deckers (2017-04-06): 1136 # ... both summer and winter time are called "standard" 1137 # (which differs from the use in Ireland) ... 1138 1139 # From Petronella Sibeene (2007-03-30): 1140 # http://allafrica.com/stories/200703300178.html 1141 # While the entire country changes its time, Katima Mulilo and other 1142 # settlements in Caprivi unofficially will not because the sun there 1143 # rises and sets earlier compared to other regions. Chief of 1144 # Forecasting Riaan van Zyl explained that the far eastern parts of 1145 # the country are close to 40 minutes earlier in sunrise than the rest 1146 # of the country. 1147 # 1148 # From Paul Eggert (2017-02-22): 1149 # Although the Zambezi Region (formerly known as Caprivi) informally 1150 # observes Botswana time, we have no details about historical practice. 1151 # In the meantime people there can use Africa/Gaborone. 1152 # See: Immanuel S. The Namibian. 2017-02-23. 1153 # https://www.namibian.com.na/51480/read/Time-change-divides-lawmakers 1154 1155 # From Steffen Thorsen (2017-08-09): 1156 # Namibia is going to change their time zone to what is now their DST: 1157 # https://www.newera.com.na/2017/02/23/namibias-winter-time-might-be-repealed/ 1158 # This video is from the government decision: 1159 # https://www.nbc.na/news/na-passes-namibia-time-bill-repealing-1994-namibia-time-act.8665 1160 # We have made the assumption so far that they will change their time zone at 1161 # the same time they would normally start DST, the first Sunday in September: 1162 # https://www.timeanddate.com/news/time/namibia-new-time-zone.html 1163 1164 # From Paul Eggert (2017-04-09): 1165 # Before the change, summer and winter time were both standard time legally. 1166 # However in common parlance, winter time was considered to be DST. See, e.g.: 1167 # http://www.nbc.na/news/namibias-winter-time-could-be-scrapped.2706 1168 # https://zone.my.na/news/times-are-changing-in-namibia 1169 # https://www.newera.com.na/2017/02/23/namibias-winter-time-might-be-repealed/ 1170 # Use plain "WAT" and "CAT" for the time zone abbreviations, to be compatible 1171 # with Namibia's neighbors. 1172 1173 # Rule NAME FROM TO - IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S 1174 # Vanguard section, for zic and other parsers that support negative DST. 1175 Rule Namibia 1994 only - Mar 21 0:00 -1:00 WAT 1176 Rule Namibia 1994 2017 - Sep Sun>=1 2:00 0 CAT 1177 Rule Namibia 1995 2017 - Apr Sun>=1 2:00 -1:00 WAT 1178 # Rearguard section, for parsers lacking negative DST; see ziguard.awk. 1179 #Rule Namibia 1994 only - Mar 21 0:00 0 WAT 1180 #Rule Namibia 1994 2017 - Sep Sun>=1 2:00 1:00 CAT 1181 #Rule Namibia 1995 2017 - Apr Sun>=1 2:00 0 WAT 1182 # End of rearguard section. 1183 1184 # Zone NAME STDOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] 1185 Zone Africa/Windhoek 1:08:24 - LMT 1892 Feb 8 1186 1:30 - %z 1903 Mar 1187 2:00 - SAST 1942 Sep 20 2:00 1188 2:00 1:00 SAST 1943 Mar 21 2:00 1189 2:00 - SAST 1990 Mar 21 # independence 1190 # Vanguard section, for zic and other parsers that support negative DST. 1191 2:00 Namibia %s 1192 # Rearguard section, for parsers lacking negative DST; see ziguard.awk. 1193 # 2:00 - CAT 1994 Mar 21 0:00 1194 # From Paul Eggert (2017-04-07): 1195 # The official date of the 2017 rule change was 2017-10-24. See: 1196 # http://www.lac.org.na/laws/annoSTAT/Namibian%20Time%20Act%209%20of%202017.pdf 1197 # 1:00 Namibia %s 2017 Oct 24 1198 # 2:00 - CAT 1199 # End of rearguard section. 1200 1201 1202 # Angola 1203 # Benin 1204 # Cameroon 1205 # Central African Republic 1206 # Democratic Republic of the Congo (western) 1207 # Republic of the Congo 1208 # Equatorial Guinea 1209 # Gabon 1210 # Niger 1211 # Nigeria 1212 1213 # From P Chan (2020-12-03): 1214 # GMT was adopted as the standard time of Lagos on 1905-07-01. 1215 # Lagos Weekly Record, 1905-06-24, p 3 1216 # http://ddsnext.crl.edu/titles/31558#?c=0&m=668&s=0&cv=2&r=0&xywh=1446,5221,1931,1235 1217 # says "It is officially notified that on and after the 1st of July 1905 1218 # Greenwich Mean Solar Time will be adopted throughout the Colony and 1219 # Protectorate, and that it will be necessary to put all clocks 13 minutes and 1220 # 35 seconds back, recording local mean time." 1221 # 1222 # It seemed that Lagos returned to LMT on 1908-07-01. 1223 # [The Lagos Standard], 1908-07-01, p 5 1224 # http://ddsnext.crl.edu/titles/31556#?c=0&m=78&s=0&cv=4&r=0&xywh=-92,3590,3944,2523 1225 # says "Scarcely have the people become accustomed to this new time, when 1226 # another official notice has now appeared announcing that from and after the 1227 # 1st July next, return will be made to local mean time." 1228 # 1229 # From P Chan (2020-11-27): 1230 # On 1914-01-01, standard time of GMT+0:30 was adopted for the unified Nigeria. 1231 # Colonial Reports - Annual. No. 878. Nigeria. Report for 1914. (April 1916), 1232 # p 27 1233 # https://libsysdigi.library.illinois.edu/ilharvest/Africana/Books2011-05/3064634/3064634_1914/3064634_1914_opt.pdf#page=27 1234 # "On January 1st [1914], a universal standard time for Nigeria was adopted, 1235 # viz., half an hour fast on Greenwich mean time, corresponding to the meridian 1236 # 7 30' E. long." 1237 # Lloyd's Register of Shipping (1915) says "Hitherto the time observed in Lagos 1238 # was the local mean time. On 1st January, 1914, standard time for the whole of 1239 # Nigeria was introduced ... Lagos time has been advanced about 16 minutes 1240 # accordingly." 1241 # 1242 # In 1919, standard time was changed to GMT+1. 1243 # Interpretation Ordinance (Cap 2) 1244 # The Laws of Nigeria, Containing the Ordinances of Nigeria, in Force on the 1245 # 1st Day of January, 1923, Vol.I [p 16] 1246 # https://books.google.com/books?id=BOMrAQAAMAAJ&pg=PA16 1247 # "The expression 'Standard time' means standard time as used in Nigeria: 1248 # namely, 60 minutes in advance of Greenwich mean time. (As amended by 18 of 1249 # 1919, s. 2.)" 1250 # From Tim Parenti (2020-12-10): 1251 # The Lagos Weekly Record, 1919-09-20, p 3 details discussion on the first 1252 # reading of this Bill by the Legislative Council of the Colony of Nigeria on 1253 # Thursday 1919-08-28: 1254 # http://ddsnext.crl.edu/titles/31558?terms&item_id=303484#?m=1118&c=1&s=0&cv=2&r=0&xywh=1261,3408,2994,1915 1255 # "The proposal is that the Globe should be divided into twelve zones East and 1256 # West of Greenwich, of one hour each, Nigeria falling into the zone with a 1257 # standard of one hour fast on Greenwich Mean Time. Nigeria standard time is 1258 # now 30 minutes in advance of Greenwich Mean Time ... according to the new 1259 # proposal, standard time will be advanced another 30 minutes". It was further 1260 # proposed that the firing of the time guns likewise be adjusted by 30 minutes 1261 # to compensate. 1262 # From Tim Parenti (2020-12-10), per P Chan (2020-12-11): 1263 # The text of Ordinance 18 of 1919, published in Nigeria Gazette, Vol 6, No 52, 1264 # shows that the change was assented to the following day and took effect "on 1265 # the 1st day of September, 1919." 1266 # Nigeria Gazette and Supplements 1919 Jan-Dec, Reference: 73266B-40, 1267 # img 245-246 1268 # https://microform.digital/boa/collections/77/volumes/539/nigeria-lagos-1887-1919 1269 1270 # Zone NAME STDOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] 1271 Zone Africa/Lagos 0:13:35 - LMT 1905 Jul 1 1272 0:00 - GMT 1908 Jul 1 1273 0:13:35 - LMT 1914 Jan 1 1274 0:30 - %z 1919 Sep 1 1275 1:00 - WAT 1276 1277 # So Tom and Prncipe 1278 1279 # See Europe/Lisbon for info about the 1912 transition. 1280 1281 # From Steffen Thorsen (2018-01-08): 1282 # Multiple sources tell that So Tom changed from UTC to UTC+1 as 1283 # they entered the year 2018. 1284 # From Michael Deckers (2018-01-08): 1285 # the switch is from 01:00 to 02:00 ... [Decree No. 25/2017] 1286 # http://www.mnec.gov.st/index.php/publicacoes/documentos/file/90-decreto-lei-n-25-2017 1287 1288 # From Vadim Nasardinov (2018-12-29): 1289 # So Tom and Prncipe is about to do the following on Jan 1, 2019: 1290 # https://www.stp-press.st/2018/12/05/governo-jesus-ja-decidiu-repor-hora-legal-sao-tomense/ 1291 # 1292 # From Michael Deckers (2018-12-30): 1293 # https://www.legis-palop.org/download.jsp?idFile=102818 1294 # ... [The legal time of the country, which coincides with universal 1295 # coordinated time, will be reinstituted at 2 o'clock on day 1 of January, 2019.] 1296 1297 Zone Africa/Sao_Tome 0:26:56 - LMT 1884 1298 #STDOFF -0:36:44.68 1299 -0:36:45 - LMT 1912 Jan 1 00:00u # Lisbon MT 1300 0:00 - GMT 2018 Jan 1 01:00 1301 1:00 - WAT 2019 Jan 1 02:00 1302 0:00 - GMT 1303 1304 # Eswatini (Swaziland) 1305 # Lesotho 1306 # South Africa 1307 1308 # Rule NAME FROM TO - IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S 1309 Rule SA 1942 1943 - Sep Sun>=15 2:00 1:00 - 1310 Rule SA 1943 1944 - Mar Sun>=15 2:00 0 - 1311 # Zone NAME STDOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] 1312 Zone Africa/Johannesburg 1:52:00 - LMT 1892 Feb 8 1313 1:30 - SAST 1903 Mar 1314 2:00 SA SAST 1315 # 1316 # Marion and Prince Edward Is 1317 # scientific station since 1947 1318 # no information 1319 1320 # Sudan 1321 1322 # From <http://www.sunanews.net/sn13jane.html> 1323 # Sudan News Agency (2000-01-13), 1324 # also reported by Michal De Beukelaer-Dossche via Steffen Thorsen: 1325 # Clocks will be moved ahead for 60 minutes all over the Sudan as of noon 1326 # Saturday.... This was announced Thursday by Caretaker State Minister for 1327 # Manpower Abdul-Rahman Nur-Eddin. 1328 1329 # From Ahmed Atyya, National Telecommunications Corp. (NTC), Sudan (2017-10-17): 1330 # ... the Republic of Sudan is going to change the time zone from (GMT+3:00) 1331 # to (GMT+ 2:00) starting from Wednesday 1 November 2017. 1332 # 1333 # From Paul Eggert (2017-10-18): 1334 # A scanned copy (in Arabic) of Cabinet Resolution No. 352 for the 1335 # year 2017 can be found as an attachment in email today from Yahia 1336 # Abdalla of NTC, archived at: 1337 # https://mm.icann.org/pipermail/tz/2017-October/025333.html 1338 1339 # Rule NAME FROM TO - IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S 1340 Rule Sudan 1970 only - May 1 0:00 1:00 S 1341 Rule Sudan 1970 1985 - Oct 15 0:00 0 - 1342 Rule Sudan 1971 only - Apr 30 0:00 1:00 S 1343 Rule Sudan 1972 1985 - Apr lastSun 0:00 1:00 S 1344 # Zone NAME STDOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] 1345 Zone Africa/Khartoum 2:10:08 - LMT 1931 1346 2:00 Sudan CA%sT 2000 Jan 15 12:00 1347 3:00 - EAT 2017 Nov 1 1348 2:00 - CAT 1349 1350 # South Sudan 1351 1352 # From Steffen Thorsen (2021-01-18): 1353 # "South Sudan will change its time zone by setting the clock back 1 1354 # hour on February 1, 2021...." 1355 # from https://eyeradio.org/south-sudan-adopts-new-time-zone-makuei/ 1356 1357 # Zone NAME STDOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] 1358 Zone Africa/Juba 2:06:28 - LMT 1931 1359 2:00 Sudan CA%sT 2000 Jan 15 12:00 1360 3:00 - EAT 2021 Feb 1 00:00 1361 2:00 - CAT 1362 1363 # Tunisia 1364 1365 # From Gwillim Law (2005-04-30): 1366 # My correspondent, Risto Nyknen, has alerted me to another adoption of DST, 1367 # this time in Tunisia. According to Yahoo France News 1368 # <http://fr.news.yahoo.com/050426/5/4dumk.html>, in a story attributed to AP 1369 # and dated 2005-04-26, "Tunisia has decided to advance its official time by 1370 # one hour, starting on Sunday, May 1. Henceforth, Tunisian time will be 1371 # UTC+2 instead of UTC+1. The change will take place at 23:00 UTC next 1372 # Saturday." (My translation) 1373 # 1374 # From Oscar van Vlijmen (2005-05-02): 1375 # La Presse, the first national daily newspaper ... 1376 # http://www.lapresse.tn/archives/archives280405/actualites/lheure.html 1377 # ... DST for 2005: on: Sun May 1 0h standard time, off: Fri Sept. 30, 1378 # 1h standard time. 1379 # 1380 # From Atef Loukil (2006-03-28): 1381 # The daylight saving time will be the same each year: 1382 # Beginning : the last Sunday of March at 02:00 1383 # Ending : the last Sunday of October at 03:00 ... 1384 # http://www.tap.info.tn/en/index.php?option=com_content&task=view&id=1188&Itemid=50 1385 1386 # From Steffen Thorsen (2009-03-16): 1387 # According to several news sources, Tunisia will not observe DST this year. 1388 # (Arabic) 1389 # http://www.elbashayer.com/?page=viewn&nid=42546 1390 # https://www.babnet.net/kiwidetail-15295.asp 1391 # 1392 # We have also confirmed this with the US embassy in Tunisia. 1393 # We have a wrap-up about this on the following page: 1394 # https://www.timeanddate.com/news/time/tunisia-cancels-dst-2009.html 1395 1396 # From Alexander Krivenyshev (2009-03-17): 1397 # Here is a link to Tunis Afrique Presse News Agency 1398 # 1399 # Standard time to be kept the whole year long (tap.info.tn): 1400 # 1401 # (in English) 1402 # http://www.tap.info.tn/en/index.php?option=com_content&task=view&id=26813&Itemid=157 1403 # 1404 # (in Arabic) 1405 # http://www.tap.info.tn/ar/index.php?option=com_content&task=view&id=61240&Itemid=1 1406 1407 # From Arthur David Olson (2009-03-18): 1408 # The Tunis Afrique Presse News Agency notice contains this: "This measure is 1409 # due to the fact that the fasting month of Ramadan coincides with the period 1410 # concerned by summer time. Therefore, the standard time will be kept 1411 # unchanged the whole year long." So foregoing DST seems to be an exception 1412 # (albeit one that may be repeated in the future). 1413 1414 # From Alexander Krivenyshev (2010-03-27): 1415 # According to some news reports Tunis confirmed not to use DST in 2010 1416 # 1417 # (translation): 1418 # "The Tunisian government has decided to abandon DST, which was scheduled on 1419 # Sunday... 1420 # Tunisian authorities had suspended the DST for the first time last year also 1421 # coincided with the month of Ramadan..." 1422 # 1423 # (in Arabic) 1424 # http://www.moheet.com/show_news.aspx?nid=358861&pg=1 1425 # http://www.almadenahnews.com/newss/news.php?c=118&id=38036 1426 # http://www.worldtimezone.com/dst_news/dst_news_tunis02.html 1427 1428 # Rule NAME FROM TO - IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S 1429 Rule Tunisia 1939 only - Apr 15 23:00s 1:00 S 1430 Rule Tunisia 1939 only - Nov 18 23:00s 0 - 1431 Rule Tunisia 1940 only - Feb 25 23:00s 1:00 S 1432 Rule Tunisia 1941 only - Oct 6 0:00 0 - 1433 Rule Tunisia 1942 only - Mar 9 0:00 1:00 S 1434 Rule Tunisia 1942 only - Nov 2 3:00 0 - 1435 Rule Tunisia 1943 only - Mar 29 2:00 1:00 S 1436 Rule Tunisia 1943 only - Apr 17 2:00 0 - 1437 Rule Tunisia 1943 only - Apr 25 2:00 1:00 S 1438 Rule Tunisia 1943 only - Oct 4 2:00 0 - 1439 Rule Tunisia 1944 1945 - Apr Mon>=1 2:00 1:00 S 1440 Rule Tunisia 1944 only - Oct 8 0:00 0 - 1441 Rule Tunisia 1945 only - Sep 16 0:00 0 - 1442 Rule Tunisia 1977 only - Apr 30 0:00s 1:00 S 1443 Rule Tunisia 1977 only - Sep 24 0:00s 0 - 1444 Rule Tunisia 1978 only - May 1 0:00s 1:00 S 1445 Rule Tunisia 1978 only - Oct 1 0:00s 0 - 1446 Rule Tunisia 1988 only - Jun 1 0:00s 1:00 S 1447 Rule Tunisia 1988 1990 - Sep lastSun 0:00s 0 - 1448 Rule Tunisia 1989 only - Mar 26 0:00s 1:00 S 1449 Rule Tunisia 1990 only - May 1 0:00s 1:00 S 1450 Rule Tunisia 2005 only - May 1 0:00s 1:00 S 1451 Rule Tunisia 2005 only - Sep 30 1:00s 0 - 1452 Rule Tunisia 2006 2008 - Mar lastSun 2:00s 1:00 S 1453 Rule Tunisia 2006 2008 - Oct lastSun 2:00s 0 - 1454 1455 # See Europe/Paris commentary for PMT-related transitions. 1456 # Zone NAME STDOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] 1457 Zone Africa/Tunis 0:40:44 - LMT 1881 May 12 1458 0:09:21 - PMT 1911 Mar 11 # Paris Mean Time 1459 1:00 Tunisia CE%sT 1460
Indexes created Mon Jun 29 00:24:49 UTC 2026