1 ----- Calendrical issues ----- 2 3 As mentioned in Theory.html, although calendrical issues are out of 4 scope for tzdb, they indicate the sort of problems that we would run 5 into if we extended tzdb further into the past. The following 6 information and sources go beyond Theory.html's brief discussion. 7 They sometimes disagree. 8 9 10 France 11 12 Gregorian calendar adopted 1582-12-20. 13 French Revolutionary calendar used 1793-11-24 through 1805-12-31, 14 and (in Paris only) 1871-05-06 through 1871-05-23. 15 16 17 Russia 18 19 From Chris Carrier (1996-12-02): 20 On 1929-10-01 the Soviet Union instituted an "Eternal Calendar" 21 with 30-day months plus 5 holidays, with a 5-day week. 22 On 1931-12-01 it changed to a 6-day week; in 1934 it reverted to the 23 Gregorian calendar while retaining the 6-day week; on 1940-06-27 it 24 reverted to the 7-day week. With the 6-day week the usual days 25 off were the 6th, 12th, 18th, 24th and 30th of the month. 26 (Source: Evitiar Zerubavel, _The Seven Day Circle_) 27 28 29 Mark Brader reported a similar story in "The Book of Calendars", edited 30 by Frank Parise (1982, Facts on File, ISBN 0-8719-6467-8), page 377. But: 31 32 From: Petteri Sulonen (via Usenet) 33 Date: 14 Jan 1999 00:00:00 GMT 34 ... 35 36 If your source is correct, how come documents between 1929 and 1940 were 37 still dated using the conventional, Gregorian calendar? 38 39 I can post a scan of a document dated December 1, 1934, signed by 40 Yenukidze, the secretary, on behalf of Kalinin, the President of the 41 Executive Committee of the Supreme Soviet, if you like. 42 43 44 45 Sweden (and Finland) 46 47 From: Mark Brader 48 Subject: Re: Gregorian reform - a part of locale? 49 <news:1996Jul6.012937.29190 (a] sq.com> 50 Date: 1996-07-06 51 52 In 1700, Denmark made the transition from Julian to Gregorian. Sweden 53 decided to *start* a transition in 1700 as well, but rather than have one of 54 those unsightly calendar gaps :-), they simply decreed that the next leap 55 year after 1696 would be in 1744 - putting the whole country on a calendar 56 different from both Julian and Gregorian for a period of 40 years. 57 58 However, in 1704 something went wrong and the plan was not carried through; 59 they did, after all, have a leap year that year. And one in 1708. In 1712 60 they gave it up and went back to Julian, putting 30 days in February that 61 year!... 62 63 Then in 1753, Sweden made the transition to Gregorian in the usual manner, 64 getting there only 13 years behind the original schedule. 65 66 (A previous posting of this story was challenged, and Swedish readers 67 produced the following references to support it: "Tiderkning och historia" 68 by Natanael Beckman (1924) and "Tid, en bok om tiderkning och 69 kalendervsen" by Lars-Olof Lodn (1968). 70 71 72 Grotefend's data 73 74 From: "Michael Palmer" [with two obvious typos fixed] 75 Subject: Re: Gregorian Calendar (was Re: Another FHC related question 76 Newsgroups: soc.genealogy.german 77 Date: Tue, 9 Feb 1999 02:32:48 -800 78 ... 79 80 The following is a(n incomplete) listing, arranged chronologically, of 81 European states, with the date they converted from the Julian to the 82 Gregorian calendar: 83 84 04/15 Oct 1582 - Italy (with exceptions), Spain, Portugal, Poland (Roman 85 Catholics and Danzig only) 86 09/20 Dec 1582 - France, Lorraine 87 88 21 Dec 1582/ 89 01 Jan 1583 - Holland, Brabant, Flanders, Hennegau 90 10/21 Feb 1583 - bishopric of Liege (Lttich) 91 13/24 Feb 1583 - bishopric of Augsburg 92 04/15 Oct 1583 - electorate of Trier 93 05/16 Oct 1583 - Bavaria, bishoprics of Freising, Eichstedt, Regensburg, 94 Salzburg, Brixen 95 13/24 Oct 1583 - Austrian Oberelsa and Breisgau 96 20/31 Oct 1583 - bishopric of Basel 97 02/13 Nov 1583 - duchy of Jlich-Berg 98 02/13 Nov 1583 - electorate and city of Kln 99 04/15 Nov 1583 - bishopric of Wrzburg 100 11/22 Nov 1583 - electorate of Mainz 101 16/27 Nov 1583 - bishopric of Strassburg and the margraviate of Baden 102 17/28 Nov 1583 - bishopric of Mnster and duchy of Cleve 103 14/25 Dec 1583 - Steiermark 104 105 06/17 Jan 1584 - Austria and Bohemia 106 11/22 Jan 1584 - Lucerne, Uri, Schwyz, Zug, Freiburg, Solothurn 107 12/23 Jan 1584 - Silesia and the Lausitz 108 22 Jan/ 109 02 Feb 1584 - Hungary (legally on 21 Oct 1587) 110 Jun 1584 - Unterwalden 111 01/12 Jul 1584 - duchy of Westfalen 112 113 16/27 Jun 1585 - bishopric of Paderborn 114 115 14/25 Dec 1590 - Transylvania 116 117 22 Aug/ 118 02 Sep 1612 - duchy of Prussia 119 120 13/24 Dec 1614 - Pfalz-Neuburg 121 122 1617 - duchy of Kurland (reverted to the Julian calendar in 123 1796) 124 125 1624 - bishopric of Osnabrck 126 127 1630 - bishopric of Minden 128 129 15/26 Mar 1631 - bishopric of Hildesheim 130 131 1655 - Kanton Wallis 132 133 05/16 Feb 1682 - city of Strassburg 134 135 18 Feb/ 136 01 Mar 1700 - Protestant Germany (including Swedish possessions in 137 Germany), Denmark, Norway 138 30 Jun/ 139 12 Jul 1700 - Gelderland, Zutphen 140 10 Nov/ 141 12 Dec 1700 - Utrecht, Overijssel 142 143 31 Dec 1700/ 144 12 Jan 1701 - Friesland, Groningen, Zrich, Bern, Basel, Geneva, 145 Thurgau, and Schaffhausen 146 147 1724 - Glarus, Appenzell, and the city of St. Gallen 148 149 01 Jan 1750 - Pisa and Florence 150 151 02/14 Sep 1752 - Great Britain 152 153 17 Feb/ 154 01 Mar 1753 - Sweden 155 156 1760-1812 - Graubnden 157 158 The Russian empire (including Finland and the Baltic states) did not 159 convert to the Gregorian calendar until the Soviet revolution of 1917. 160 161 Source: H. Grotefend, _Taschenbuch der Zeitrechnung des deutschen 162 Mittelalters und der Neuzeit_, herausgegeben von Dr. O. Grotefend 163 (Hannover: Hahnsche Buchhandlung, 1941), pp. 26-28. 164 165 ----- 166 167 This file is in the public domain, so clarified as of 2009-05-17 by 168 Arthur David Olson. 169 170 ----- 171 Local Variables: 172 coding: utf-8 173 End: 174
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