1 The UNIX system family tree: Research and BSD 2 --------------------------------------------- 3 4 First Edition (V1) 5 | 6 Second Edition (V2) 7 | 8 Third Edition (V3) 9 | 10 Fourth Edition (V4) 11 | 12 Fifth Edition (V5) 13 | 14 Sixth Edition (V6) -----* 15 \ | 16 \ | 17 \ | 18 Seventh Edition (V7) | 19 \ | 20 \ 1BSD 21 32V | 22 \ 2BSD---------------* 23 \ / | 24 \ / | 25 \/ | 26 3BSD | 27 | | 28 4.0BSD 2.79BSD 29 | | 30 4.1BSD --------------> 2.8BSD 31 | | 32 4.1aBSD -----------\ | 33 | \ | 34 4.1bBSD \ | 35 | \ | 36 *------ 4.1cBSD --------------> 2.9BSD 37 / | | 38 Eighth Edition | 2.9BSD-Seismo 39 | | | 40 +----<--- 4.2BSD 2.9.1BSD 41 | | | 42 +----<--- 4.3BSD -------------> 2.10BSD 43 | | / | 44 Ninth Edition | / 2.10.1BSD 45 | 4.3BSD Tahoe-----+ | 46 | | \ | 47 | | \ | 48 v | 2.11BSD 49 Tenth Edition | | 50 | 2.11BSD rev #430 51 4.3BSD NET/1 | 52 | v 53 4.3BSD Reno 54 | 55 *---------- 4.3BSD NET/2 -------------------+-------------* 56 | | | | 57 386BSD 0.0 | | BSD/386 ALPHA 58 | | | | 59 386BSD 0.1 ------------>+ | BSD/386 0.3.[13] 60 | \ | 4.4BSD Alpha | 61 | 386BSD 1.0 | | BSD/386 0.9.[34] 62 | | 4.4BSD | 63 | | / | | 64 | | 4.4BSD-Encumbered | | 65 | -NetBSD 0.8 | BSD/386 1.0 66 | / | | | 67 FreeBSD 1.0 <-----' *--NetBSD 0.9 | BSD/386 1.1 68 | | .----- 4.4BSD Lite | 69 FreeBSD 1.1 | / / | \ | 70 | | / | | \ | 71 FreeBSD 1.1.5 .---|--------' | | \ | 72 | / | | | \ | 73 FreeBSD 1.1.5.1 / | | | \ | 74 | / *--NetBSD 1.0 <-' | \ | 75 | / | | \ | 76 FreeBSD 2.0 <--' | | BSD/OS 2.0 77 | \ | | 78 FreeBSD 2.0.5 \ | BSD/OS 2.0.1 79 | .-----\------------- 4.4BSD Lite2 | 80 | | \ | | | | | 81 | | .-----|------Rhapsody | | | | 82 | | | | NetBSD 1.3 | | | 83 | | | | OpenBSD 2.3 | | 84 | | | | BSD/OS 3.0 | 85 FreeBSD 2.1 | | | | 86 | | | | *--NetBSD 1.1 -. BSD/OS 2.1 87 | FreeBSD 2.1.5 | | | \ | 88 | | | | *--NetBSD 1.2 \ BSD/OS 3.0 89 | FreeBSD 2.1.6 | | | \ OpenBSD 2.0 | 90 | | | | | \ | | 91 | FreeBSD 2.1.6.1 | | | \ | | 92 | | | | | \ | | 93 | FreeBSD 2.1.7 | | | | | | 94 | | | | | NetBSD 1.2.1 | | 95 | FreeBSD 2.1.7.1 | | | | | 96 | | | | | | 97 | | | | | | 98 *-FreeBSD 2.2 | | | | | 99 | \ | | | | | 100 | FreeBSD 2.2.1 | | | | | 101 | | | | | | | 102 | FreeBSD 2.2.2 | | | OpenBSD 2.1 | 103 | | | | | | | 104 | FreeBSD 2.2.5 | | | | | 105 | | | | | OpenBSD 2.2 | 106 | | | | *--NetBSD 1.3 | | 107 | FreeBSD 2.2.6 | | | | | | 108 | | | | | NetBSD 1.3.1 | BSD/OS 3.1 109 | | | | | | OpenBSD 2.3 | 110 | | | | | NetBSD 1.3.2 | | 111 | FreeBSD 2.2.7 | | | | | | 112 | | | | | | | BSD/OS 4.0 113 | FreeBSD 2.2.8 | | | | | | 114 | | | | | | | | 115 | v | | | | OpenBSD 2.4 | 116 | FreeBSD 2.2.9 | | | | | | 117 | | | | | | | 118 FreeBSD 3.0 <--------* | | v | | 119 | | | NetBSD 1.3.3 | | 120 *---FreeBSD 3.1 | | | | 121 | | | | | BSD/OS 4.0.1 122 | FreeBSD 3.2----* | .--*--NetBSD 1.4 OpenBSD 2.5 | 123 | | | | | | | | | 124 | | | | | | | | | 125 | | | | | | | | | 126 | FreeBSD 3.3 | | | | NetBSD 1.4.1 | | 127 | | | | | | | OpenBSD 2.6 | 128 | FreeBSD 3.4 | | | | | | | 129 | | | | | | | | BSD/OS 4.1 130 FreeBSD 4.0 | | | | | NetBSD 1.4.2 | | 131 | | | | | | | | | 132 | | | | | | | | | 133 | FreeBSD 3.5 | | | | | OpenBSD 2.7 | 134 | | | | | | | | | 135 | FreeBSD 3.5.1 | | | | | | | 136 | | | | | | | | 137 *---FreeBSD 4.1 | | | | | | | 138 | | | | | | | | | 139 | FreeBSD 4.1.1 | | / | | | | 140 | | | | / | | | | 141 | FreeBSD 4.2 Darwin/ | NetBSD 1.4.3 | | 142 | | Mac OS X | OpenBSD 2.8 BSD/OS 4.2 143 | | | | | | 144 | | | | | | 145 | | 10.0 *--NetBSD 1.5 | | 146 | FreeBSD 4.3 | | | | | 147 | | | | | OpenBSD 2.9 | 148 | | | | NetBSD 1.5.1 | | 149 | | | | | | | 150 | FreeBSD 4.4-. | | NetBSD 1.5.2 | | 151 | | | Mac OS X | | | | 152 | | | 10.1 | | OpenBSD 3.0 | 153 | FreeBSD 4.5 | | | | | | 154 | | \ | | | | BSD/OS 4.3 155 | FreeBSD 4.6 \ | | | OpenBSD 3.1 | 156 | | \ | | NetBSD 1.5.3 | | 157 | FreeBSD 4.6.2 Mac OS X | | | 158 | | 10.2 | | | 159 | FreeBSD 4.7 | | | | 160 | | | *--NetBSD 1.6 OpenBSD 3.2 | 161 | FreeBSD 4.8 | | | | | 162 | | | | NetBSD 1.6.1 | | 163 | |--------. | | | OpenBSD 3.3 BSD/OS 5.0 164 | | \ | | | | | 165 | FreeBSD 4.9 | | | | OpenBSD 3.4 BSD/OS 5.1 ISE 166 | | | | | | | 167 | | | | | NetBSD 1.6.2 | 168 | | | | | | | 169 | | | | | | OpenBSD 3.5 170 | | | | | v | 171 | FreeBSD 4.10 | | | | 172 | | | | | | 173 | FreeBSD 4.11 | | | | 174 | | | | | 175 | `-|------|-----------------|---------------------. 176 | | | | \ 177 FreeBSD 5.0 | | | | 178 | | | | | 179 FreeBSD 5.1 | | | DragonFly 1.0 180 | \ | | | | 181 | ----- Mac OS X | | | 182 | 10.3 | | | 183 FreeBSD 5.2 | | | | 184 | | | | | | 185 | FreeBSD 5.2.1 | | | | 186 | | | | | 187 *-------FreeBSD 5.3 | | | | 188 | | | | OpenBSD 3.6 | 189 | | | *--NetBSD 2.0 | | 190 | | | | | | | DragonFly 1.2.0 191 | | Mac OS X | | NetBSD 2.0.2 | | 192 | | 10.4 | | | | | 193 | FreeBSD 5.4 | | | | | | 194 | | | | | | OpenBSD 3.7 | 195 | | | | | NetBSD 2.0.3 | | 196 | | | | | | | | 197 *--FreeBSD | | | | v OpenBSD 3.8 | 198 | 6.0 | | | | | | 199 | | | | | \ | | 200 | | | | | NetBSD 2.1 | | 201 | | | | | | | 202 | | | | *--NetBSD 3.0 | | 203 | | | | | | | | DragonFly 1.4.0 204 | | | | | | | OpenBSD 3.9 | 205 | FreeBSD | | | | | | | 206 | 6.1 | | | | | | | 207 | | FreeBSD 5.5 | | | | | | 208 | | | | | NetBSD 3.0.1 | DragonFly 1.6.0 209 | | | | | | | | 210 | | | | | | OpenBSD 4.0 | 211 | | | | | NetBSD 3.0.2 | | 212 | | | | NetBSD 3.1 | | 213 | FreeBSD 6.2 | | | | 214 | | | | | DragonFly 1.8.0 215 | | | | OpenBSD 4.1 | 216 | | | | | DragonFly 1.10.0 217 | | Mac OS X | | | 218 | | 10.5 | | | 219 | | | | OpenBSD 4.2 | 220 | | | *--NetBSD 4.0 | | 221 | FreeBSD 6.3 | | | | | 222 | \ | | | | | 223 *--FreeBSD | | | | | DragonFly 1.12.0 224 | 7.0 | | | | | | 225 | | | | | | OpenBSD 4.3 | 226 | | | | | NetBSD | DragonFly 2.0.0 227 | | FreeBSD | | 4.0.1 OpenBSD 4.4 | 228 | | 6.4 | | | | 229 | | | | | | 230 | FreeBSD 7.1 | | | | 231 | | | | | DragonFly 2.2.0 232 | FreeBSD 7.2 | *--NetBSD OpenBSD 4.5 | 233 | \ | | 5.0 | | 234 | \ | | / | \ | | 235 | | Mac OS X | | | \ | | 236 | | 10.6 | | | \ | | 237 | | | | | | NetBSD | DragonFly 2.4.0 238 | | | | | | 5.0.1 OpenBSD 4.6 | 239 | | | | | | | | | 240 *--FreeBSD | | | | | | | | 241 | 8.0 | | | | | | | | 242 | | FreeBSD | | | | NetBSD | | 243 | | 7.3 | | | | 5.0.2 | DragonFly 2.6.0 244 | | | | | | | OpenBSD 4.7 | 245 | FreeBSD | | | | | | | 246 | 8.1 | | | | | | | 247 | | | | | | | | DragonFly 2.8.2 248 | | | | | | | OpenBSD 4.8 | 249 | | | | | | *--NetBSD | | 250 | FreeBSD FreeBSD | | | 5.1 | | 251 | 8.2 7.4 | | | | | DragonFly 2.10.1 252 | | | | | | OpenBSD 4.9 | 253 | `-----. Mac OS X | | | | | 254 | \ 10.7 | | | | | 255 | | | | | | OpenBSD 5.0 | 256 *--FreeBSD | | | | | | | 257 | 9.0 | | | | NetBSD | DragonFly 3.0.1 258 | | FreeBSD | | | 5.1.2 | | 259 | | 8.3 | | | | | | 260 | | | | | | NetBSD | | 261 | | | | | | 5.1.3 | | 262 | | | | | | | | | 263 | | | | | | NetBSD | | 264 | | | | | | 5.1.4 | | 265 | | | | | | OpenBSD 5.1 | 266 | | | Mac OS X | `--------. | | 267 | | | 10.8 | | | | 268 | | | | *--NetBSD | | | 269 | | | | | 6.0 | | | 270 | | | | | | | | OpenBSD 5.2 DragonFly 3.2.1 271 | FreeBSD | | | | | NetBSD | | 272 | 9.1 | | | | | 5.2 | | 273 | | | | | | | | | | 274 | | | | | | | NetBSD | | 275 | | | | | | | 5.2.1 | | 276 | | | | | | | | | | 277 | | | | | | | NetBSD | | 278 | | | | | | | 5.2.2 | | 279 | | | | | | | | | 280 | | | | | | \ | | 281 | | | | | | NetBSD | | 282 | | | | | | 6.0.1 | | 283 | | | | | | | OpenBSD 5.3 DragonFly 3.4.1 284 | | | | | | NetBSD | | 285 | | | | | | 6.0.2 | | 286 | | | | | | | | | 287 | | | | | | NetBSD | | 288 | | | | | | 6.0.3 | | 289 | | | | | | | | | 290 | | | | | | NetBSD | | 291 | | | | | | 6.0.4 | | 292 | | | | | | | | | 293 | | | | | | NetBSD | | 294 | | | | | | 6.0.5 | | 295 | | | | | | | | | 296 | | | | | | NetBSD | | 297 | | | | | | 6.0.6 | | 298 | | | | | | | | 299 | | | | | *--NetBSD | | 300 | | | | | 6.1 | | 301 | | FreeBSD | | | | | 302 | | 8.4 | | NetBSD | | 303 | | | | | 6.1.1 | | 304 | | | | | | | 305 | FreeBSD | | NetBSD | | 306 | 9.2 | | 6.1.2 | | 307 | | Mac OS X | | | | 308 | | 10.9 | | OpenBSD 5.4 | 309 | `-----. | | | | DragonFly 3.6.0 310 | \ | | | | | 311 *--FreeBSD | | | NetBSD | | 312 | 10.0 | | | 6.1.3 | | 313 | | | | | | | | 314 | | | | | | | DragonFly 3.6.1 315 | | | | | | | | 316 | | | | | | | | 317 | | | | | | | DragonFly 3.6.2 318 | | | | | NetBSD | | 319 | | | | | 6.1.4 | | 320 | | | | | | | | 321 | | | | | | OpenBSD 5.5 | 322 | | | | | | | | 323 | | | | | | | DragonFly 3.8.0 324 | | | | | | | | 325 | | | | | | | | 326 | | | | | | | DragonFly 3.8.1 327 | | | | | | | | 328 | | | | | | | | 329 | | | | | | | DragonFly 3.6.3 330 | | | | | | | | 331 | | FreeBSD | | | | | 332 | | 9.3 | | | | | 333 | | | | NetBSD | DragonFly 3.8.2 334 | | | | 6.1.5 | | 335 | | Mac OS X | | | 336 | | 10.10 | | | 337 | | | | OpenBSD 5.6 | 338 | FreeBSD | | | | 339 | 10.1 | | | DragonFly 4.0.1 340 | | | | | | 341 | | | | | DragonFly 4.0.2 342 | | | | | | 343 | | | | | DragonFly 4.0.3 344 | | | | | | 345 | | | | | DragonFly 4.0.4 346 | | | | | | 347 | | | | | DragonFly 4.0.5 348 | | | | | | 349 | | | | OpenBSD 5.7 | 350 | | | | | DragonFly 4.2.0 351 | FreeBSD | | | | 352 | 10.2 | | | | 353 | | macOS *--NetBSD 7.0 | | 354 | | 10.11 | | | OpenBSD 5.8 | 355 | | | | | `--. | DragonFly 4.4.1 356 | FreeBSD | | | | OpenBSD 5.9 | 357 | 10.3 | | | | | | 358 | | | | | NetBSD | | 359 | | | | | 7.0.1 | | 360 | `------. | | | | | DragonFly 4.6.0 361 | | | | | | | | 362 | | | | | | | | 363 *--FreeBSD | macOS | | | OpenBSD 6.0 | 364 | 11.0 | 10.12 | | NetBSD | | 365 | | | | | | 7.0.2 | | 366 | | | | | | | | 367 | | | | | *--NetBSD | | 368 | | | | | | 7.1 | | 369 | | | | | | | | | 370 | | | | | | | | | 371 | | | macOS | | | | DragonFly 4.8.0 372 | | | 10.13 | | | OpenBSD 6.1 | 373 | FreeBSD | | | | | | DragonFly 5.0.0 374 | 11.1 FreeBSD | | | | | | 375 | | 10.4 | | | | OpenBSD 6.2 DragonFly 5.0.1 376 | | | | | | | | 377 | `------. | | | NetBSD | DragonFly 5.0.2 378 | | | | | 7.1.1 | | 379 | | | | | | | | 380 | | | | | NetBSD | | 381 | | | | | 7.1.2 `--. | 382 | | | | | | | 383 | | | | `-----. OpenBSD 6.3 | 384 | | | *--NetBSD | | DragonFly 5.2.0 385 | | | | 8.0 | | | 386 | | | | | | | DragonFly 5.2.1 387 | | | | | | | | 388 | | | | | | | DragonFly 5.2.2 389 | FreeBSD | | | *--NetBSD | | 390 | 11.2 | | | 7.2 | | 391 | | macOS | | | | 392 | | 10.14 | | OpenBSD 6.4 | 393 | | | | | | | 394 | | | | | | DragonFly 5.4.0 395 *--FreeBSD | | | | | | 396 | 12.0 | | | | | DragonFly 5.4.1 397 | | | | | | OpenBSD 6.5 | 398 | | | | | | | | 399 | | | | | NetBSD | | 400 | | | | | 8.1 | DragonFly 5.6 401 | | | | | | | | 402 | | | | | | | DragonFly 5.6.1 403 | | FreeBSD macOS | | | | 404 | | 11.3 10.15 | | | | 405 | FreeBSD | | | | OpenBSD 6.6 | 406 | 12.1 | macOS | `-------. | | 407 | | | 10.15.1 | | | DragonFly 5.6.2 408 | | | | *--NetBSD | | | 409 | | | | | 9.0 | | | 410 | | | | | | | | | 411 | | | | | | | | DragonFly 5.8 412 | | | | | | | | | 413 | | | | | | | | DragonFly 5.6.3 414 | | | | | | NetBSD | | 415 | | | | | | 8.2 | | 416 | | | | | | | | DragonFly 5.8.1 417 | | | | | | | OpenBSD 6.7 | 418 | | FreeBSD | | | | | | 419 | | 11.4 | | | | | | 420 | | | | | | | DragonFly 5.8.2 421 | | | | | | | DragonFly 5.8.3 422 | | | | NetBSD | OpenBSD 6.8 | 423 | | | | 9.1 | | | 424 | FreeBSD macOS | | | | | 425 | 12.2 11 | | | | | 426 | | | | | | | | 427 | `------. | | | | | | 428 *--FreeBSD | | | | | | | 429 | 13.0 | | | NetBSD | OpenBSD 6.9 DragonFly 6.0.0 430 | | | | | 9.2 | | | 431 | | | | | | | | DragonFly 6.0.1 432 | | FreeBSD macOS | | | OpenBSD 7.0 | 433 | | 12.3 12 | | | | | 434 | | | | | | | | DragonFly 6.2.1 435 | | | | | | | OpenBSD 7.1 | 436 | FreeBSD | | | | | | | 437 | 13.1 | | | | | | | 438 | | | | | | | | DragonFly 6.2.2 439 | | | | | NetBSD | | | 440 | | | | | 9.3 | | | 441 | | | macOS | | | OpenBSD 7.2 | 442 | | | 13 | | | | | 443 | | FreeBSD | | | | | | 444 | | 12.4 | | | | | | 445 | | | | | | | DragonFly 6.4.0 446 | | | | | | OpenBSD 7.3 | 447 | FreeBSD | | | | | | 448 | 13.2 | | | | `------. | 449 | `------. | | | | | | 450 | | macOS 14 | | `------. | | 451 | | | | | | OBSD 7.4 | 452 *-FBSD 14.0 | | | `------. | | | 453 | | | | | | | | | 454 | | FBSD 13.3 | | | | | | 455 | | | | *-NBSD 10.0 | | | | 456 | | | | | | | | OBSD 7.5 | 457 | | | | | | NBSD 9.4 | | | 458 | | | | | | | NBSD 8.3 | | 459 | FBSD 14.1 | | | | | | | 460 | | | macOS 15 | | `------. | | 461 | | | | | `------. | | | 462 | | FBSD 13.4 | | | | | | 463 | | | | | | | OBSD 7.6 | 464 | FBSD 14.2 | | | | | | | 465 | | | | | NBSD 10.1 | | | 466 | | FBSD 13.5 | | | | | 467 | | | | | OBSD 7.7 DBSD 6.4.1 468 | `------. | | | | DBSD 6.4.2 469 | | | | | | | 470 | FBSD 14.3 | | | | | 471 | | | | | | | 472 *-FBSD 15.0 | | | | | | 473 | | | macOS 26 | | | | 474 | | | ... | | | | 475 | | | | | OBSD 7.8 | 476 | | FBSD 14.4 | | | | 477 | | | | OBSD 7.9 | 478 | FBSD 15.1 *--NBSD 11.0 | | | 479 | | NBSD 9.5 | | 480 | | | | 481 FBSD 16 -current NBSD 12 -current OBSD-current DBSD-current 482 | | | | 483 v v v v 484 485 Time 486 ---------------- 487 488 Time tolerance +/- 6 months, depending on which book/article you read; if it was 489 the announcement in Usenet or if it was available as tape. 490 491 [44B] McKusick, Marshall Kirk, Keith Bostic, Michael J Karels, and John 492 Quarterman. The Design and Implementation of the 4.4BSD Operating System. 493 [APL] Apple website [https://www.apple.com/macosx/] 494 [BSDI] Berkeley Software Design, Inc. 495 [DFB] DragonFlyBSD Project, The. 496 [DOC] README, COPYRIGHT on tape. 497 [FBD] FreeBSD Project, The. 498 [KB] Keith Bostic. BSD2.10 available from Usenix. comp.unix.sources, Volume 11, 499 Info 4, April, 1987. 500 [KKK] Mike Karels, Kirk McKusick, and Keith Bostic. tahoe announcement. 501 comp.bugs.4bsd.ucb-fixes, June 15, 1988. 502 [KSJ] Michael J. Karels, Carl F. Smith, and William F. Jolitz. Changes in the 503 Kernel in 2.9BSD. Second Berkeley Software Distribution UNIX Version 2.9, 504 July, 1983. 505 [NBD] NetBSD Project, The. 506 [OBD] OpenBSD Project, The. 507 [QCU] Salus, Peter H. A quarter century of UNIX. ISBN 0201547775, EAN 508 9780201547771 509 [SMS] Steven M. Schultz. 2.11BSD, UNIX for the PDP-11. 510 [TUHS] The Unix Historical Society. https://minnie.tuhs.org/Unix_History/. 511 [USE] Usenet announcement. 512 [WRS] Wind River Systems, Inc. 513 [dmr] Dennis Ritchie, via E-Mail 514 515 Multics 1965 516 UNIX Summer 1969 517 DEC PDP-7 518 First Edition 1971-11-03 [QCU] 519 DEC PDP-11/20, Assembler 520 Second Edition 1972-06-12 [QCU] 521 10 UNIX installations 522 Third Edition 1973-02-xx [QCU] 523 Pipes, 16 installations 524 Fourth Edition 1973-11-xx [QCU] 525 rewriting in C effected, 526 above 30 installations 527 Fifth Edition 1974-06-xx [QCU] 528 above 50 installations 529 Sixth Edition 1975-05-xx [QCU] 530 port to DEC Vax 531 Seventh Edition 1979-01-xx [QCU] 1979-01-10 [TUHS] 532 first portable UNIX 533 Eighth Edition 1985-02-xx [QCU] 534 VAX 11/750, VAX 11/780 [dmr] 535 descended from 4.1c BSD [dmr] 536 descended from 4.1 BSD [44B] 537 scooping-out and replacement of the character-device 538 and networking part by the streams mechanism 539 540 Ninth Edition 1986-09-xx [QCU] 541 Tenth Edition 1989-10-xx [QCU] 542 543 1BSD late 1977 544 1978-01-16 [DOC] 545 1978-03-09 [QCU] 546 PDP-11, Pascal, ex(1) 547 30 free copies of 1BSD sent out 548 35 tapes sold for 50 USD [QCU] 549 2BSD mid 1978 [QCU] 1979-05-10 [TUHS] 550 75 2BSD tapes shipped 551 2.79BSD 1980-04-xx [TUHS] 552 2.8BSD 1981-07-xx [KSJ] 553 First 2BSD with bootable V7 kernel plus 554 community fixes. 555 2.8.1BSD 1982-01-xx [QCU] 556 set of performance improvements 557 2.9BSD 1983-07-xx [KSJ] 558 2.9.1BSD 1983-11-xx [TUHS] 559 2.9BSD-Seismo 1985-08-xx [SMS] 560 2.10BSD 1987-04-xx [KKK] 561 2.10.1BSD 1989-01-xx [SMS] 562 2.11BSD 1991-03-14 [SMS] 563 2.11BSD rev #430 1999-12-13 [SMS] 564 565 32V 1978-1[01]-xx [QCU] 1979-03-26 [TUHS] 566 3BSD late 1979 [QCU] March 1980 [TUHS] 567 virtual memory, page replacement, 568 demand paging 569 4.0BSD 1980-10-xx 570 4.1BSD 1981-07-08 [DOC] 571 4.1aBSD 1982-04-xx 572 alpha release, 100 sites, networking [44B] 573 4.1bBSD internal release, fast filesystem [44B] 574 4.1cBSD late 1982 575 beta release, IPC [44B] 576 4.2BSD 1983-09-xx [QCU] 577 1983-08-03 [DOC] 578 4.3BSD 1986-06-xx [QCU] 579 1986-04-05 [KB], [DOC] 580 4.3BSD Tahoe 1988-06-15 [QCU], [DOC] 581 4.3BSD NET/1 1988-11-xx [QCU] 582 1989-01-01 [DOC] 583 4.3BSD Reno 1990-06-29 [QCU], [DOC] 584 4.3BSD NET/2 1991-06-28 [QCU], [DOC] 585 586 BSD/386 ALPHA 1991-12-xx [BSDI] 587 first code released to people outside BSDI 588 386BSD 0.0 1992-02-xx [DOC] 589 BSD/386 0.3.1 1992-04-xx [BSDI] first ext. beta; B customers 590 BSD/386 0.3.3 1992-06-xx [BSDI] first CDROM version 591 386BSD 0.1 1992-07-28 [DOC] 592 4.4BSD Alpha 1992-07-07 593 BSD/386 0.9.3 1992-10-xx [BSDI] 594 first external gamma; G customers 595 BSD/386 0.9.4 1992-12-xx [BSDI] 596 would have been 1.0 except for request 597 for preliminary injunction 598 BSD/386 1.0 1993-03-xx [BSDI] 599 injunction denied; first official release 600 NetBSD 0.8 1993-04-20 [NBD] 601 4.4BSD 1993-06-01 [USE] 602 NetBSD 0.9 1993-08-23 [NBD] 603 FreeBSD 1.0 1993-11-01 [FBD] 604 FreeBSD 1.0.2 1993-11-14 [FBD] 605 supersedes 1.0 13 days after release. 606 BSD/386 1.1 1994-02-xx [BSDI] 607 4.4BSD Lite 1994-03-01 [USE] 608 FreeBSD 1.1 1994-05-07 [FBD] 609 FreeBSD 1.1.5 1994-06-30 [FBD] 610 FreeBSD 1.1.5.1 1994-07-05 [FBD] 611 supersedes 1.1.5 5 days after release. 612 NetBSD 1.0 1994-10-26 [NBD] 613 386BSD 1.0 1994-11-12 [USE] 614 FreeBSD 2.0 1994-11-23 [FBD] 615 BSD/OS 2.0 1995-01-xx [BSDI] 4.4 lite based 616 FreeBSD 2.0.5 1995-06-10 [FBD] 617 BSD/OS 2.0.1 1995-06-xx [BSDI] 618 4.4BSD Lite Release 2 1995-06-xx [44B] 619 the true final distribution from the CSRG 620 FreeBSD 2.1.0 1995-11-19 [FBD] 621 NetBSD 1.1 1995-11-26 [NBD] 622 BSD/OS 2.1 1996-01-xx [BSDI] 623 FreeBSD 2.1.5 1996-07-14 [FBD] 624 NetBSD 1.2 1996-10-04 [NBD] 625 OpenBSD 2.0 1996-10-18 [OBD] 626 FreeBSD 2.1.6 1996-11-16 [FBD] 627 FreeBSD 2.1.6.1 1996-11-25 [FBD] (sendmail security release) 628 Rhapsody 1997-xx-xx 629 FreeBSD 2.1.7 1997-02-20 [FBD] 630 BSD/OS 3.0 1997-02-xx [BSDI] 4.4 lite2 based 631 FreeBSD 2.2.0 1997-03-16 [FBD] 632 FreeBSD 2.2.1 1997-03-25 [FBD] 633 FreeBSD 2.2.2 1997-05-16 [FBD] 634 NetBSD 1.2.1 1997-05-20 [NBD] (patch release) 635 OpenBSD 2.1 1997-06-01 [OBD] 636 FreeBSD 2.2.5 1997-10-22 [FBD] 637 OpenBSD 2.2 1997-12-01 [OBD] 638 NetBSD 1.3 1998-01-04 [NBD] 639 FreeBSD 2.2.6 1998-03-25 [FBD] 640 NetBSD 1.3.1 1998-03-09 [NBD] (patch release) 641 BSD/OS 3.1 1998-03-xx [BSDI] 642 OpenBSD 2.3 1998-05-19 [OBD] 643 NetBSD 1.3.2 1998-05-29 [NBD] (patch release) 644 FreeBSD 2.2.7 1998-07-22 [FBD] 645 BSD/OS 4.0 1998-08-xx [BSDI] 646 2-lock MP support, ELF executables 647 FreeBSD 3.0 1998-10-16 [FBD] 648 FreeBSD-3.0 is a snapshot from -current, 649 while 3.1 and 3.2 are from 3.x-stable which 650 was branched quite some time after 3.0-release 651 FreeBSD 2.2.8 1998-11-29 [FBD] 652 OpenBSD 2.4 1998-12-01 [OBD] 653 NetBSD 1.3.3 1998-12-23 [NBD] (patch release) 654 FreeBSD 3.1 1999-02-15 [FBD] 655 BSD/OS 4.0.1 1999-03-xx [BSDI] 656 NetBSD 1.4 1999-05-12 [NBD] 657 FreeBSD 3.2 1999-05-17 [FBD] 658 OpenBSD 2.5 1999-05-19 [OBD] 659 NetBSD 1.4.1 1999-08-26 [NBD] (patch release) 660 FreeBSD 3.3 1999-09-17 [FBD] 661 OpenBSD 2.6 1999-12-01 [OBD] 662 FreeBSD 3.4 1999-12-20 [FBD] 663 BSD/OS 4.1 1999-12-xx [BSDI] 664 FreeBSD 4.0 2000-03-13 [FBD] 665 NetBSD 1.4.2 2000-03-19 [NBD] (patch release) 666 OpenBSD 2.7 2000-06-15 [OBD] 667 FreeBSD 3.5 2000-06-24 [FBD] 668 FreeBSD 4.1 2000-07-27 [FBD] 669 FreeBSD 3.5.1 2000-07-28 [FBD] 670 FreeBSD 4.1.1 2000-09-25 [FBD] (a network-only patch release) 671 FreeBSD 4.2 2000-11-21 [FBD] 672 NetBSD 1.4.3 2000-11-25 [NBD] (patch release) 673 BSD/OS 4.2 2000-11-29 [BSDI] 674 OpenBSD 2.8 2000-12-01 [OBD] 675 NetBSD 1.5 2000-12-06 [NBD] 676 Mac OS X 10.0 2001-03-24 [APL] 677 FreeBSD 4.3 2001-04-20 [FBD] 678 OpenBSD 2.9 2001-06-01 [OBD] 679 NetBSD 1.5.1 2001-07-11 [NBD] (patch release) 680 NetBSD 1.5.2 2001-09-13 [NBD] (patch release) 681 FreeBSD 4.4 2001-09-18 [FBD] 682 Mac OS X 10.1 2001-09-29 [APL] 683 OpenBSD 3.0 2001-12-01 [OBD] 684 FreeBSD 4.5 2002-01-29 [FBD] 685 BSD/OS 4.3 2002-03-14 [WRS] 686 OpenBSD 3.1 2002-05-19 [OBD] 687 FreeBSD 4.6 2002-06-15 [FBD] 688 NetBSD 1.5.3 2002-07-22 [NBD] (patch release) 689 FreeBSD 4.6.2 2002-08-15 [FBD] (patch release) 690 Mac OS X 10.2 2002-08-23 [APL] 691 NetBSD 1.6 2002-09-14 [NBD] 692 FreeBSD 4.7 2002-10-08 [FBD] 693 OpenBSD 3.2 2002-11-01 [OBD] 694 FreeBSD 5.0 2003-01-17 [FBD] 695 FreeBSD 5.0 is a separate branch off of 696 -current, similar to 3.0. 697 FreeBSD 4.8 2003-04-03 [FBD] 698 NetBSD 1.6.1 2003-04-21 [NBD] (patch release) 699 OpenBSD 3.3 2003-05-01 [OBD] 700 BSD/OS 5.0 2003-05-?? [WRS] 701 FreeBSD 5.1 2003-06-09 [FBD] 702 Mac OS X 10.3 2003-10-24 [APL] 703 FreeBSD 4.9 2003-10-28 [FBD] 704 BSD/OS 5.1 ISE 2003-10-?? [WRS] (final version) 705 OpenBSD 3.4 2003-11-01 [OBD] 706 FreeBSD 5.2 2004-01-12 [FBD] 707 FreeBSD 5.2.1 2004-02-22 [FBD] (patch release) 708 NetBSD 1.6.2 2004-03-01 [NBD] (patch release) 709 OpenBSD 3.5 2004-04-01 [OBD] 710 FreeBSD 4.10 2004-05-27 [FBD] 711 DragonFly 1.0 2004-07-12 [DFB] 712 OpenBSD 3.6 2004-10-29 [OBD] 713 FreeBSD 5.3 2004-11-06 [FBD] 714 NetBSD 2.0 2004-12-09 [NBD] 715 FreeBSD 4.11 2005-01-25 [FBD] 716 DragonFly 1.2.0 2005-04-08 [DFB] 717 NetBSD 2.0.2 2005-04-14 [NBD] (security/critical release) 718 Mac OS X 10.4 2005-04-29 [APL] 719 FreeBSD 5.4 2005-05-09 [FBD] 720 OpenBSD 3.7 2005-05-19 [OBD] 721 NetBSD 2.0.3 2005-10-31 [NBD] (security/critical release) 722 OpenBSD 3.8 2005-11-01 [OBD] 723 FreeBSD 6.0 2005-11-01 [FBD] 724 NetBSD 2.1 2005-11-02 [NBD] 725 NetBSD 3.0 2005-12-23 [NBD] 726 DragonFly 1.4.0 2006-01-08 [DFB] 727 FreeBSD 2.2.9 2006-04-01 [FBD] 728 OpenBSD 3.9 2006-05-01 [OBD] 729 FreeBSD 6.1 2006-05-08 [FBD] 730 FreeBSD 5.5 2006-05-25 [FBD] 731 NetBSD 3.0.1 2006-07-24 [NBD] (security/critical release) 732 DragonFly 1.6.0 2006-07-24 [DFB] 733 OpenBSD 4.0 2006-11-01 [OBD] 734 NetBSD 3.0.2 2006-11-04 [NBD] (security/critical release) 735 NetBSD 3.1 2006-11-04 [NBD] 736 FreeBSD 6.2 2007-01-15 [FBD] 737 DragonFly 1.8.0 2007-01-30 [DFB] 738 OpenBSD 4.1 2007-05-01 [OBD] 739 DragonFly 1.10.0 2007-08-06 [DFB] 740 Mac OS X 10.5 2007-10-26 [APL] 741 OpenBSD 4.2 2007-11-01 [OBD] 742 NetBSD 4.0 2007-12-19 [NBD] 743 FreeBSD 6.3 2008-01-18 [FBD] 744 DragonFly 1.12.0 2008-02-26 [DFB] 745 FreeBSD 7.0 2008-02-27 [FBD] 746 OpenBSD 4.3 2008-05-01 [OBD] 747 DragonFly 2.0.0 2008-07-21 [DFB] 748 OpenBSD 4.4 2008-11-01 [OBD] 749 FreeBSD 6.4 2008-11-28 [FBD] 750 FreeBSD 7.1 2009-01-04 [FBD] 751 DragonFly 2.2.0 2009-02-17 [DFB] 752 NetBSD 5.0 2009-04-29 [NBD] 753 OpenBSD 4.5 2009-05-01 [OBD] 754 FreeBSD 7.2 2009-05-04 [FBD] 755 Mac OS X 10.6 2009-06-08 [APL] 756 NetBSD 5.0.1 2009-08-02 [NBD] (security/critical release) 757 DragonFly 2.4.0 2009-09-16 [DFB] 758 OpenBSD 4.6 2009-10-18 [OBD] 759 FreeBSD 8.0 2009-11-26 [FBD] 760 NetBSD 5.0.2 2010-02-12 [NBD] (security/critical release) 761 FreeBSD 7.3 2010-03-23 [FBD] 762 DragonFly 2.6.0 2010-03-28 [DFB] 763 OpenBSD 4.7 2010-05-19 [OBD] 764 FreeBSD 8.1 2010-07-24 [FBD] 765 DragonFly 2.8.2 2010-10-30 [DFB] 766 OpenBSD 4.8 2010-11-01 [OBD] 767 NetBSD 5.1 2010-11-19 [NBD] 768 FreeBSD 7.4 2011-02-24 [FBD] 769 FreeBSD 8.2 2011-02-24 [FBD] 770 DragonFly 2.10.1 2011-04-26 [DFB] 771 OpenBSD 4.9 2011-05-01 [OBD] 772 Mac OS X 10.7 2011-07-20 [APL] 773 OpenBSD 5.0 2011-11-01 [OBD] 774 FreeBSD 9.0 2012-01-12 [FBD] 775 NetBSD 5.1.2 2012-02-02 [NBD] (security/critical release) 776 DragonFly 3.0.1 2012-02-21 [DFB] 777 FreeBSD 8.3 2012-04-18 [FBD] 778 OpenBSD 5.1 2012-05-01 [OBD] 779 Mac OS X 10.8 2012-07-25 [APL] 780 NetBSD 6.0 2012-10-17 [NBD] 781 OpenBSD 5.2 2012-11-01 [OBD] 782 DragonFly 3.2.1 2012-11-02 [DFB] 783 NetBSD 5.2 2012-12-03 [NBD] 784 NetBSD 6.0.1 2012-12-26 [NBD] (security/critical release) 785 FreeBSD 9.1 2012-12-30 [FBD] 786 DragonFly 3.4.1 2013-04-29 [DFB] 787 OpenBSD 5.3 2013-05-01 [OBD] 788 NetBSD 6.0.2 2013-05-18 [NBD] (security/critical release) 789 NetBSD 6.1 2013-05-18 [NBD] 790 FreeBSD 8.4 2013-06-07 [FBD] 791 NetBSD 6.1.1 2013-08-22 [NBD] 792 NetBSD 5.1.3 2013-09-29 [NBD] 793 NetBSD 5.2.1 2013-09-29 [NBD] 794 FreeBSD 9.2 2013-09-30 [FBD] 795 NetBSD 6.0.3 2013-09-30 [NBD] 796 NetBSD 6.1.2 2013-09-30 [NBD] 797 Mac OS X 10.9 2013-10-22 [APL] 798 OpenBSD 5.4 2013-11-01 [OBD] 799 DragonFly 3.6.0 2013-11-25 [DFB] 800 FreeBSD 10.0 2014-01-20 [FBD] 801 NetBSD 5.1.4 2014-01-25 [NBD] 802 NetBSD 5.2.2 2014-01-25 [NBD] 803 NetBSD 6.0.4 2014-01-25 [NBD] 804 NetBSD 6.1.3 2014-01-25 [NBD] 805 DragonFly 3.6.1 2014-02-22 [DFB] 806 DragonFly 3.6.2 2014-04-10 [DFB] 807 NetBSD 6.0.5 2014-04-12 [NBD] 808 NetBSD 6.1.4 2014-04-12 [NBD] 809 OpenBSD 5.5 2014-05-01 [OBD] 810 DragonFly 3.8.0 2014-06-04 [DFB] 811 DragonFly 3.8.1 2014-06-16 [DFB] 812 DragonFly 3.6.3 2014-06-17 [DFB] 813 FreeBSD 9.3 2014-07-05 [FBD] 814 DragonFly 3.8.2 2014-08-08 [DFB] 815 NetBSD 6.0.6 2014-09-22 [NBD] 816 NetBSD 6.1.5 2014-09-22 [NBD] 817 Mac OS X 10.10 2014-10-16 [APL] 818 OpenBSD 5.6 2014-11-01 [OBD] 819 FreeBSD 10.1 2014-11-14 [FBD] 820 DragonFly 4.0.1 2014-11-25 [DFB] 821 DragonFly 4.0.2 2015-01-07 [DFB] 822 DragonFly 4.0.3 2015-01-21 [DFB] 823 DragonFly 4.0.4 2015-03-09 [DFB] 824 DragonFly 4.0.5 2015-03-23 [DFB] 825 OpenBSD 5.7 2015-05-01 [OBD] 826 DragonFly 4.2.0 2015-06-29 [DFB] 827 FreeBSD 10.2 2015-08-13 [FBD] 828 NetBSD 7.0 2015-09-25 [NBD] 829 OS X 10.11 2015-09-30 [APL] 830 OpenBSD 5.8 2015-10-18 [OBD] 831 DragonFly 4.4.1 2015-12-07 [DFB] 832 OpenBSD 5.9 2016-03-29 [OBD] 833 FreeBSD 10.3 2016-04-04 [FBD] 834 NetBSD 7.0.1 2016-05-22 [NBD] 835 DragonFly 4.6.0 2016-08-02 [DFB] 836 OpenBSD 6.0 2016-09-01 [OBD] 837 macOS 10.12 2016-09-20 [APL] 838 FreeBSD 11.0 2016-10-10 [FBD] 839 NetBSD 7.0.2 2016-10-21 [NBD] 840 NetBSD 7.1 2017-03-11 [NBD] 841 DragonFly 4.8.0 2017-03-27 [DFB] 842 OpenBSD 6.1 2017-04-11 [OBD] 843 FreeBSD 11.1 2017-07-26 [FBD] 844 macOS 10.13 2017-09-25 [APL] 845 FreeBSD 10.4 2017-10-03 [FBD] 846 OpenBSD 6.2 2017-10-09 [OBD] 847 DragonFly 5.0.0 2017-10-16 [DFB] 848 DragonFly 5.0.1 2017-11-06 [DFB] 849 DragonFly 5.0.2 2017-12-04 [DFB] 850 NetBSD 7.1.1 2017-12-22 [NBD] 851 NetBSD 7.1.2 2018-03-15 [NBD] 852 OpenBSD 6.3 2018-04-02 [OBD] 853 DragonFly 5.2.0 2018-04-10 [DFB] 854 DragonFly 5.2.1 2018-05-20 [DFB] 855 DragonFly 5.2.2 2018-06-18 [DFB] 856 FreeBSD 11.2 2018-06-27 [FBD] 857 NetBSD 8.0 2018-07-17 [NBD] 858 NetBSD 7.2 2018-08-29 [NBD] 859 macOS 10.14 2018-09-24 [APL] 860 OpenBSD 6.4 2018-10-18 [OBD] 861 DragonFly 5.4.0 2018-12-03 [DFB] 862 FreeBSD 12.0 2018-12-11 [FBD] 863 DragonFly 5.4.1 2018-12-24 [DFB] 864 OpenBSD 6.5 2019-05-01 [OBD] 865 NetBSD 8.1 2019-06-04 [NBD] 866 DragonFly 5.6 2019-06-17 [DFB] 867 DragonFly 5.6.1 2019-06-19 [DFB] 868 FreeBSD 11.3 2019-07-09 [FBD] 869 DragonFly 5.6.2 2019-08-11 [DFB] 870 OpenBSD 6.6 2019-10-17 [OBD] 871 macOS 10.15 2019-10-07 [APL] 872 macOS 10.15.1 2019-10-29 [APL] (security/critical release) 873 FreeBSD 12.1 2019-11-04 [FBD] 874 NetBSD 9.0 2020-02-14 [NBD] 875 DragonFly 5.8 2020-03-03 [DFB] 876 DragonFly 5.6.3 2020-03-11 [DFB] 877 NetBSD 8.2 2020-03-31 [NBD] 878 DragonFly 5.8.1 2020-05-06 [DFB] 879 OpenBSD 6.7 2020-05-19 [OBD] 880 FreeBSD 11.4 2020-06-16 [FBD] 881 DragonFly 5.8.2 2020-09-23 [DFB] 882 DragonFly 5.8.3 2020-09-24 [DFB] 883 OpenBSD 6.8 2020-10-18 [OBD] 884 NetBSD 9.1 2020-10-18 [NBD] 885 FreeBSD 12.2 2020-10-27 [FBD] 886 macOS 11 2020-11-12 [APL] 887 FreeBSD 13.0 2021-04-13 [FBD] 888 OpenBSD 6.9 2021-05-01 [OBD] 889 DragonFly 6.0 2021-05-08 [DFB] 890 NetBSD 9.2 2021-05-12 [NBD] 891 DragonFly 6.0.1 2021-10-12 [DFB] 892 OpenBSD 7.0 2021-10-14 [OBD] 893 macOS 12 2021-10-25 [APL] 894 FreeBSD 12.3 2021-12-01 [FBD] 895 DragonFly 6.2.1 2022-01-09 [DFB] 896 OpenBSD 7.1 2022-04-21 [OBD] 897 FreeBSD 13.1 2022-05-17 [FBD] 898 DragonFly 6.2.2 2022-06-09 [DFB] 899 NetBSD 9.3 2022-08-04 [NBD] 900 OpenBSD 7.2 2022-10-20 [OBD] 901 macOS 13 2022-10-24 [APL] 902 FreeBSD 12.4 2022-12-05 [FBD] 903 DragonFly 6.4 2022-12-30 [DFB] 904 OpenBSD 7.3 2023-04-10 [OBD] 905 FreeBSD 13.2 2023-04-11 [FBD] 906 macOS 14 2023-09-26 [APL] 907 OpenBSD 7.4 2023-10-16 [OBD] 908 FreeBSD 14.0 2023-11-20 [FBD] 909 FreeBSD 13.3 2024-03-05 [FBD] 910 NetBSD 10.0 2024-03-28 [NBD] 911 OpenBSD 7.5 2024-04-05 [OBD] 912 NetBSD 9.4 2024-04-20 [NBD] 913 NetBSD 8.3 2024-05-07 [NBD] 914 FreeBSD 14.1 2024-06-04 [FBD] 915 macOS 15 2024-09-16 [APL] 916 FreeBSD 13.4 2024-09-17 [FBD] 917 OpenBSD 7.6 2024-10-08 [OBD] 918 FreeBSD 14.2 2024-12-03 [FBD] 919 NetBSD 10.1 2024-12-16 [NBD] 920 FreeBSD 13.5 2025-03-11 [FBD] 921 OpenBSD 7.7 2025-04-28 [OBD] 922 DragonFly 6.4.1 2025-04-30 [DFB] 923 DragonFly 6.4.2 2025-05-09 [DFB] 924 FreeBSD 14.3 2025-06-10 [FBD] 925 macOS 26 2025-09-15 [APL] (introduced new release numbering) 926 OpenBSD 7.8 2025-10-22 [OBD] 927 FreeBSD 15.0 2025-12-02 [FBD] 928 FreeBSD 14.4 2026-03-10 [FBD] 929 OpenBSD 7.9 2026-05-19 [OBD] 930 FreeBSD 15.1 2026-06-16 [FBD] 931 NetBSD 11.0 2026-07-30 [NBD] 932 NetBSD 9.5 2026-08-31 [NBD] 933 934 Bibliography 935 ------------------------ 936 937 Leffler, Samuel J., Marshall Kirk McKusick, Michael J Karels and John 938 Quarterman. The Design and Implementation of the 4.3BSD UNIX Operating 939 System. Reading, Mass. Addison-Wesley, 1989. ISBN 0-201-06196-1 940 941 Salus, Peter H. A quarter century of UNIX. Addison-Wesley Publishing 942 Company, Inc., 1994. ISBN 0-201-54777-5 943 944 McKusick, Marshall Kirk, Keith Bostic, Michael J Karels, and John 945 Quarterman. The Design and Implementation of the 4.4BSD Operating 946 System. Reading, Mass. Addison-Wesley, 1996. ISBN 0-201-54979-4 947 948 McKusick, Marshall Kirk, George Neville-Neil. The Design and 949 Implementation of the FreeBSD Operating System. 950 Addison-Wesley Professional, Published: Aug 2, 2004. ISBN 0-201-70245-2 951 952 McKusick, Marshall Kirk, George Neville-Neil, Robert Watson. The 953 Design and Implementation of the FreeBSD Operating System, 2nd Edition. 954 Pearson Education, Inc., 2014. ISBN 0-321-96897-2 955 956 Doug McIlroy. Research Unix Reader. 957 958 Michael G. Brown. The Role of BSD in the Development of Unix. 959 Presented to the Tasmanian Unix Special Interest Group of the 960 Australian Computer Society, Hobart, August 1993. 961 962 Peter H. Salus. Unix at 25. Byte Magazine, October 1994. 963 URL: https://web.archive.org/web/20081230094857/http://www.byte.com/art/9410/sec8/art3.htm 964 965 Andreas Klemm, Lars Kller. If you're going to San Francisco ... 966 Die freien BSD-Varianten von Unix. c't April 1997, page 368ff. 967 968 FreeBSD Release Information 969 URL: https://www.FreeBSD.org/releases/ 970 971 Manual pages for FreeBSD and ports 972 URL: https://man.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi 973 974 UNIX history graphing project 975 URL: https://minnie.tuhs.org/Unix_History/index.html 976 977 UNIX history 978 URL: https://www.levenez.com/unix/ 979 980 James Howard: The BSD Family Tree 981 URL: https://web.archive.org/web/20090427195917/http://ezine.daemonnews.org/200104/bsd_family.html 982 ("what are the differences between FreeBSD, NetBSD, and OpenBSD?") 983 984 985 Acknowledgments 986 --------------- 987 988 Josh Gilliam for suggestions, bug fixes, and finding very old 989 original BSD announcements from Usenet or tapes. 990 991 Steven M. Schultz for providing 2.8BSD, 2.10BSD, 2.11BSD manual pages. 992 993 -- 994 Copyright (c) 1997-2023 Wolfram Schneider <wosch (a] FreeBSD.org> 995 URL: https://cgit.freebsd.org/src/tree/share/misc/bsd-family-tree 996 997 $NetBSD: bsd-family-tree,v 1.90 2026/09/06 13:07:24 ast Exp $ 998
Indexes created Tue Oct 06 00:26:07 UTC 2026