bsd-family-tree revision 1.7
11.6SitojunThe UNIX system family tree: Research and BSD
21.6Sitojun---------------------------------------------
31.1Sabs
41.1SabsFirst Edition (V1)
51.1Sabs     |
61.1SabsSecond Edition (V2)
71.1Sabs     |
81.1SabsThird Edition (V3)
91.1Sabs     |
101.1SabsFourth Edition (V4)
111.1Sabs     |
121.1SabsFifth Edition (V5)
131.1Sabs     |
141.1SabsSixth Edition (V6) -----*
151.1Sabs       \                |
161.1Sabs        \               |
171.1Sabs         \              |
181.1SabsSeventh Edition (V7)    |
191.1Sabs            \           |
201.1Sabs             \        1BSD
211.1Sabs             32V        |
221.1Sabs               \      2BSD---------------*
231.1Sabs                \    /                   |
241.1Sabs                 \  /                    |
251.1Sabs                  \/                     |
261.1Sabs                 3BSD                    |
271.1Sabs                  |                      |
281.1Sabs               4.0BSD               2.7.9BSD
291.1Sabs                  |                      |
301.6Sitojun               4.1BSD --------------> 2.8BSD
311.6Sitojun                  |                      |
321.6Sitojun              4.1aBSD -----------\       |
331.6Sitojun                  |                \     |
341.6Sitojun              4.1bBSD                \   |
351.6Sitojun                  |                    \ |
361.6Sitojun      *------ 4.1cBSD --------------> 2.9BSD
371.6Sitojun     /            |                      |
381.6SitojunEighth Edition    |                   2.9BSD-Seismo
391.1Sabs     |            |                      |
401.1Sabs     +----<--- 4.2BSD               2.9.1BSD
411.1Sabs     |            |                      |
421.1Sabs     +----<--- 4.3BSD -------------> 2.10BSD
431.1Sabs     |            |               /      |
441.1SabsNinth Edition     |              / 2.10.1BSD
451.1Sabs     |         4.3BSD Tahoe-----+        |
461.1Sabs     |            |              \       |
471.1Sabs     |            |                \     |
481.1Sabs     v            |                  2.11BSD
491.1SabsTenth Edition     |                      |
501.6Sitojun                  |                  2.11BSD rev #430
511.1Sabs               4.3BSD NET/1              |
521.1Sabs                  |                      v
531.1Sabs               4.3BSD Reno
541.1Sabs                  |
551.1Sabs   *---------- 4.3BSD NET/2 -------------------+-------------*
561.1Sabs   |                    |                      |             |
571.7Sitojun386BSD 0.0              |                      |           BSD/386 ALPHA
581.1Sabs   |                    |                      |             |
591.7Sitojun386BSD 0.1 ------------>+                      |           BSD/386 0.3.[13]
601.1Sabs   |     \              |                  4.4BSD Alpha      |
611.7Sitojun   |     386BSD 1.0     |                      |           BSD/386 0.9.[34]
621.1Sabs   |                    |                  4.4BSD            |
631.1Sabs   |                    |                    / |             |
641.1Sabs   |                    |   4.4BSD-Encumbered  |             |
651.7Sitojun   |                 NetBSD 0.8                |           BSD/386 1.0
661.1Sabs   |                    |                      |             |
671.7SitojunFreeBSD 1.0          NetBSD 0.9                |           BSD/386 1.1
681.7Sitojun   |                    |           .----- 4.4BSD Lite       |
691.7SitojunFreeBSD 1.1             |          /   /       |     \       |
701.7Sitojun   |                    |         /   /        |      \      |
711.7SitojunFreeBSD 1.1.5       .---|--------'   /         |       \     |
721.7Sitojun   |               /    |           /          |        \    |
731.7SitojunFreeBSD 1.1.5.1   /     |          /           |         \   |
741.7Sitojun   |             /   NetBSD 1.0 <-'            |          \  |
751.7Sitojun   |            /       |                      |           \ |
761.7SitojunFreeBSD 2.0 <--'        |                      |           BSD/OS 2.0
771.7Sitojun   |                     \                     |             |
781.7SitojunFreeBSD 2.0.5             \                    |           BSD/OS 2.0.1
791.7Sitojun   |                       \         .--- 4.4BSD Lite2       |
801.7Sitojun   |                        \        |       |   |   |       |
811.7Sitojun   |                         |   FreeBSD 3.0 |   |   |       |
821.7Sitojun   |                         |        NetBSD 1.3 |   |       |
831.7Sitojun   |                         |           OpenBSD 2.3 |       |
841.7Sitojun   |                         |                BSD/OS 3.0     |
851.7SitojunFreeBSD 2.1                  |                               |
861.7Sitojun |   |                    NetBSD 1.1 ------.               BSD/OS 2.1
871.7Sitojun | FreeBSD 2.1.5             |              \                |
881.7Sitojun |     |                  NetBSD 1.2         \             BSD/OS 3.0
891.7Sitojun | FreeBSD 2.1.6             |  \          OpenBSD 2.0       |
901.7Sitojun |     |                     |   \             |             |
911.7Sitojun | FreeBSD 2.1.6.1           |    \            |             |
921.7Sitojun |     |                     |     \           |             |
931.7Sitojun | FreeBSD 2.1.7             |      |          |             |
941.7Sitojun |     |                     |  NetBSD 1.2.1   |             |
951.7Sitojun | FreeBSD 2.1.7.1           |                 |             |
961.7Sitojun |                           |                 |             |
971.7Sitojun |                           |                 |             |
981.7Sitojun *-FreeBSD 2.2               |                 |             |
991.7Sitojun |        \                  |                 |             |
1001.7Sitojun |     FreeBSD 2.2.1         |                 |             |
1011.7Sitojun |         |                 |                 |             |
1021.7Sitojun |     FreeBSD 2.2.2         |             OpenBSD 2.1       |
1031.7Sitojun |         |                 |                 |             |
1041.7Sitojun |     FreeBSD 2.2.5         |                 |             |
1051.7Sitojun |         |                 |             OpenBSD 2.2       |
1061.7Sitojun |         |              NetBSD 1.3           |             |
1071.7Sitojun |     FreeBSD 2.2.6         |    |            |             |
1081.7Sitojun |         |                 | NetBSD 1.3.1    |           BSD/OS 3.1
1091.7Sitojun |         |                 |    |        OpenBSD 2.3       |
1101.7Sitojun |         |                 | NetBSD 1.3.2    |             |
1111.7Sitojun |     FreeBSD 2.2.7         |    |            |             |
1121.7Sitojun |         |                 |    |            |           BSD/OS 4.0
1131.7Sitojun |         v                 |    |            |             |
1141.7Sitojun |     FreeBSD 2.2.8         |    |            |             |
1151.7Sitojun |                           |    |            |             |
1161.7Sitojun |                           |    |        OpenBSD 2.4       |
1171.7SitojunFreeBSD 3.0                  |    v            |             |
1181.7Sitojun |                           | NetBSD 1.3.3    |             |
1191.7Sitojun *---FreeBSD 3.1             |                 |             |
1201.7Sitojun |       |                   |                 |           BSD/OS 4.0.1
1211.7Sitojun |   FreeBSD 3.2          NetBSD 1.4       OpenBSD 2.5       |
1221.7Sitojun |       |                   |    |            |             |
1231.7Sitojun |   FreeBSD 3.3             | NetBSD 1.4.1    |             |
1241.7Sitojun |       |                   |    |        OpenBSD 2.6       |
1251.7Sitojun |   FreeBSD 3.4             |    |            |             |
1261.7Sitojun |           |               |    |            |           BSD/OS 4.1
1271.7SitojunFreeBSD 4.0  |               | NetBSD 1.4.2    |             |
1281.7Sitojun |           |               |    |            |             |
1291.7Sitojun |           |               |    |            |             |
1301.7Sitojun |   FreeBSD 3.5             |    |        OpenBSD 2.7       |
1311.7Sitojun |           |               |    |            |             |
1321.7Sitojun |   FreeBSD 3.5.1           |    |            |             |
1331.7Sitojun |                           |    |            |             |
1341.7Sitojun *---FreeBSD 4.1             |    |            |             |
1351.7Sitojun |      |                    |    |            |             |
1361.7Sitojun |   FreeBSD 4.1.1           |    |            |             |
1371.7Sitojun |      |                    |    v            |             |
1381.7Sitojun |   FreeBSD 4.2             | NetBSD 1.4.3    |             |
1391.7Sitojun |      |                    |             OpenBSD 2.8     BSD/OS 4.2
1401.7Sitojun |      v                 NetBSD 1.5           |             |
1411.7Sitojun |                           |                 |             v
1421.6Sitojun |                           |                 |
1431.6SitojunFreeBSD 5.0-current       NetBSD -current  OpenBSD -current
1441.6Sitojun |                           |                 |
1451.6Sitojun v                           v                 v
1461.1Sabs
1471.1Sabs
1481.1SabsTime
1491.1Sabs----------------
1501.1Sabs
1511.7SitojunTime tolerance +/- 6 months, depending on which book/article you read; if it
1521.7Sitojunwas the announcement in Usenet or if it was available as tape.
1531.1Sabs
1541.1Sabs[44B] McKusick, Marshall Kirk, Keith Bostic, Michael J Karels,
1551.1Sabs	and John Quarterman. The Design and Implementation of
1561.1Sabs	the 4.4BSD Operating System.
1571.1Sabs[DOC] README, COPYRIGHT on tape.
1581.1Sabs[QCU] Salus, Peter H. A quarter century of UNIX.
1591.1Sabs[U25] Peter H. Salus. Unix at 25.
1601.1Sabs[USE] Usenet announcement.
1611.1Sabs[KSJ] Michael J. Karels, Carl F. Smith, and William F. Jolitz.
1621.1Sabs	Changes in the Kernel in 2.9BSD. Second Berkeley Software
1631.1Sabs	Distribution UNIX Version 2.9, July, 1983.
1641.1Sabs[KB]  Keith Bostic. BSD2.10 available from Usenix. comp.unix.sources,
1651.1Sabs	Volume 11, Info 4, April, 1987.
1661.1Sabs[KKK] Mike Karels, Kirk McKusick, and Keith Bostic. tahoe announcement.
1671.1Sabs	comp.bugs.4bsd.ucb-fixes, June 15, 1988.
1681.1Sabs[SMS] Steven M. Schultz. 2.11BSD, UNIX for the PDP-11.
1691.1Sabs[FBD] FreeBSD Project, The.
1701.1Sabs[NBD] NetBSD Project, The.
1711.1Sabs[OBD] OpenBSD Project, The.
1721.1Sabs[dmr] Dennis Ritchie, via E-Mail
1731.7Sitojun[BSDI] Berkeley Software Design, Inc.
1741.1Sabs
1751.1SabsMultics                 1965
1761.6SitojunUNIX                    Summer 1969
1771.1Sabs				DEC PDP-7
1781.1SabsFirst   Edition         1971-11-03 [QCU]
1791.1Sabs				DEC PDP-11/20, Assembler
1801.1SabsSecond  Edition         1972-06-12 [QCU]
1811.6Sitojun				10 UNIX installations
1821.1SabsThird   Edition         1973-02-xx [QCU]
1831.1Sabs				Pipes, 16 installations
1841.1SabsFourth  Edition         1973-11-xx [QCU]
1851.1Sabs				rewriting in C effected,
1861.1Sabs                                above 30 installations
1871.1SabsFifth   Edition         1974-06-xx [QCU]
1881.1Sabs				above 50 installations
1891.1SabsSixth   Edition         1975-05-xx [QCU]
1901.1Sabs				port to DEC Vax
1911.1SabsSeventh Edition         1979-01-xx [QCU]
1921.6Sitojun				first portable UNIX
1931.6SitojunEighth  Edition         1985-02-xx [QCU]
1941.1Sabs				VAX 11/750, VAX 11/780 [dmr]
1951.1Sabs				descended from 4.1c BSD [dmr]
1961.1Sabs				descended from 4.1 BSD [44B]
1971.7Sitojun			scooping-out and replacement of the character-device
1981.1Sabs			and networking part by the streams mechanism
1991.1Sabs
2001.1SabsNinth   Edition         1986-09-xx [QCU]
2011.1SabsTenth   Edition         1989-10-xx [QCU]
2021.1Sabs
2031.1Sabs1BSD                    late 1977
2041.1Sabs			1978-03-09 [QCU]
2051.1Sabs				PDP-11, Pascal, ex(1)
2061.1Sabs				30 free copies of 1BSD sent out
2071.1Sabs				35 tapes sold for 50 USD [QCU]
2081.1Sabs2BSD                    mid 1978 [QCU]
2091.1Sabs				75 2BSD tapes shipped
2101.1Sabs2.7.9BSD		?? [SMS]
2111.1Sabs2.8BSD			1981-07-xx [KSJ]
2121.1Sabs
2131.1Sabs2.8.1BSD		1982-01-xx [QCU]
2141.1Sabs				set of performance improvements
2151.1Sabs2.9BSD			1983-07-xx [KSJ]
2161.1Sabs2.9.1BSD                1983-11-xx
2171.1Sabs2.9BSD-Seismo		1985-08-xx [SMS]
2181.1Sabs2.10BSD			1987-04-xx [KKK]
2191.1Sabs2.10.1BSD		1989-01-xx [SMS]
2201.1Sabs2.11BSD			1992-02-xx [SMS]
2211.6Sitojun2.11BSD rev #430	1999-12-13 [SMS]
2221.1Sabs
2231.1Sabs32V			1978-1[01]-xx [QCU]
2241.1Sabs3BSD                    late 1979 [QCU]
2251.1Sabs				virtual memory, page replacement,
2261.1Sabs                        	demand paging
2271.1Sabs4.0BSD                  1980-10-xx
2281.1Sabs4.1BSD                  1981-06-xx
2291.1Sabs4.1aBSD                 1982-04-xx
2301.1Sabs				alpha release, 100 sites, networking [44B]
2311.1Sabs4.1bBSD				internal release, fast filesystem [44B]
2321.1Sabs4.1cBSD                 late 1982
2331.1Sabs				beta release, IPC [44B]
2341.1Sabs4.2BSD                  1983-09-xx [QCU]
2351.1Sabs4.3BSD                  1986-06-xx [QCU]
2361.1Sabs			1986-04-xx [KB]
2371.1Sabs4.3BSD Tahoe            1988-06-xx [QCU]
2381.1Sabs4.3BSD NET/1            1988-11-xx [QCU]
2391.1Sabs4.3BSD Reno             1990-06-xx [QCU], [DOC]
2401.1Sabs4.3BSD NET/2            1991-06-xx [QCU]
2411.7Sitojun
2421.7SitojunBSD/386 ALPHA		1991-12-xx [BSDI]
2431.7Sitojun				first code released to people outside BSDI
2441.1Sabs386BSD 0.0              1992-02-xx [DOC]
2451.7SitojunBSD/386 0.3.1	        1992-04-xx [BSDI] first ext. beta; B customers
2461.7SitojunBSD/386 0.3.3		1992-06-xx [BSDI] first CDROM version
2471.7Sitojun386BSD 0.1              1992-07-28 [DOC]
2481.1Sabs4.4BSD Alpha            1992-07-07
2491.7SitojunBSD/386 0.9.3		1992-10-xx [BSDI]
2501.7Sitojun				first external gamma; G customers
2511.7SitojunBSD/386 0.9.4		1992-12-xx [BSDI]
2521.7Sitojun				would have been 1.0 except for request
2531.7Sitojun				for preliminary injunction
2541.7SitojunBSD/386 1.0 		1993-03-xx [BSDI]
2551.7Sitojun				injunction denied; first official release
2561.6SitojunNetBSD 0.8              1993-04-20 [NBD]
2571.1Sabs4.4BSD                  1993-06-01 [USE]
2581.1SabsNetBSD 0.9              1993-08-23 [NBD]
2591.6SitojunFreeBSD 1.0		1993-11-xx [FOO]
2601.7SitojunBSD/386 1.1		1994-02-xx [BSDI]
2611.1Sabs4.4BSD Lite             1994-03-01 [USE]
2621.6SitojunFreeBSD 1.1		1994-04-xx [FBD]
2631.6SitojunFreeBSD 1.1.5.1		1994-07-xx [FBD]
2641.6Sitojun				supersedes 1.1.5 3 days after release.
2651.6SitojunNetBSD 1.0              1994-10-26 [NBD]
2661.1Sabs386BSD 1.0              1994-11-12 [USE]
2671.6SitojunFreeBSD 2.0		1995-01-xx [FBD]
2681.7SitojunBSD/OS 2.0		1995-01-xx [BSDI] 4.4 lite based
2691.7SitojunFreeBSD 2.0.5		1995-06-10 [FBD]
2701.7SitojunBSD/OS 2.0.1		1995-06-xx [BSDI]
2711.6Sitojun4.4BSD Lite Release 2	1995-06-xx [44B]
2721.6Sitojun				the true final distribution from the CSRG
2731.7SitojunFreeBSD 2.1.0		1995-11-19 [FBD]
2741.1SabsNetBSD 1.1              1995-11-26 [NBD]
2751.7SitojunBSD/OS 2.1		1996-01-xx [BSDI]
2761.7SitojunFreeBSD 2.1.5		1996-07-14 [FBD]
2771.1SabsNetBSD 1.2              1996-10-04 [NBD]
2781.1SabsOpenBSD 2.0             1996-10-18 [OBD]
2791.7SitojunFreeBSD 2.1.6		1996-11-16 [FBD]
2801.7SitojunFreeBSD 2.1.6.1		1996-11-25 [FBD] (sendmail security release)
2811.7SitojunFreeBSD 2.1.7		1997-02-20 [FBD]
2821.7SitojunBSD/OS 3.0		1997-02-xx [BSDI] 4.4 lite2 based
2831.7SitojunFreeBSD 2.2.0		1997-03-16 [FBD]
2841.7SitojunFreeBSD 2.2.1		1997-03-25 [FBD]
2851.7SitojunFreeBSD 2.2.2		1997-05-16 [FBD]
2861.6SitojunNetBSD 1.2.1            1997-05-20 [NBD] (patch release)
2871.1SabsOpenBSD 2.1             1997-06-01 [OBD]
2881.7SitojunFreeBSD 2.2.5		1997-10-22 [FBD]
2891.1SabsOpenBSD 2.2             1997-12-01 [OBD]
2901.5SabsNetBSD 1.3              1998-01-04 [NBD]
2911.7SitojunFreeBSD 2.2.6		1998-03-25 [FBD]
2921.6SitojunNetBSD 1.3.1            1998-03-09 [NBD] (patch release)
2931.7SitojunBSD/OS 3.1		1998-03-xx [BSDI]
2941.1SabsOpenBSD 2.3             1998-05-19 [OBD]
2951.6SitojunNetBSD 1.3.2            1998-05-29 [NBD] (patch release)
2961.7SitojunFreeBSD 2.2.7		1998-07-22 [FBD]
2971.7SitojunBSD/OS 4.0		1998-08-xx [BSDI]
2981.7Sitojun				2-lock MP support, ELF executables
2991.6SitojunFreeBSD 3.0		1998-10-16 [FBD]
3001.7Sitojun				FreeBSD-3.0 is a snapshot from -current,
3011.7Sitojun				while 3.1 and 3.2 are from 3.x-stable which
3021.6Sitojun				was branched quite some time after 3.0-release
3031.1SabsFreeBSD 2.2.8           1998-11-29 [FBD]
3041.1SabsOpenBSD 2.4             1998-12-01 [OBD]
3051.6SitojunNetBSD 1.3.3            1998-12-23 [NBD] (patch release)
3061.6SitojunFreeBSD 3.1		1999-02-15 [FBD]
3071.7SitojunBSD/OS 4.0.1		1999-03-xx [BSDI]
3081.4SabsNetBSD 1.4              1999-05-12 [NBD]
3091.6SitojunFreeBSD 3.2             1999-05-17 [FBD]
3101.4SabsOpenBSD 2.5             1999-05-19 [OBD]
3111.6SitojunNetBSD 1.4.1            1999-08-26 [NBD] (patch release)
3121.6SitojunFreeBSD 3.3             1999-09-17 [FBD]
3131.6SitojunOpenBSD 2.6             1999-12-01 [OBD]
3141.6SitojunFreeBSD 3.4             1999-12-20 [FBD]
3151.7SitojunBSD/OS 4.1		1999-12-xx [BSDI]
3161.6SitojunFreeBSD 4.0             2000-03-13 [FBD]
3171.6SitojunNetBSD 1.4.2            2000-03-19 [NBD] (patch release)
3181.6SitojunOpenBSD 2.7             2000-06-15 [OBD]
3191.6SitojunFreeBSD 3.5		2000-06-24 [FBD]
3201.6SitojunFreeBSD 4.1		2000-07-27 [FBD]
3211.6SitojunFreeBSD 3.5.1		2000-07-28 [FBD]
3221.6SitojunFreeBSD 4.1.1		2000-09-25 [FBD] (a network-only patch release)
3231.7SitojunFreeBSD 4.2  		2000-11-21 [FBD]
3241.7SitojunNetBSD 1.4.3		2000-11-25 [NBD] (patch release)
3251.7SitojunBSD/OS 4.2		2000-11-29 [BSDI]
3261.7SitojunOpenBSD 2.8		2000-12-01 [OBD]
3271.7SitojunNetBSD 1.5              2000-12-06 [NBD]
3281.1Sabs
3291.1Sabs
3301.1SabsBibliography
3311.1Sabs------------------------
3321.1Sabs
3331.1SabsLeffler, Samuel J., Marshall Kirk McKusick, Michael J Karels and John
3341.1SabsQuarterman. The Design and Implementation of the 4.3BSD UNIX Operating
3351.1SabsSystem. Reading, Mass. Addison-Wesley, 1989. ISBN 0-201-06196-1
3361.1Sabs
3371.1SabsSalus, Peter H. A quarter century of UNIX. Addison-Wesley Publishing
3381.1SabsCompany, Inc., 1994. ISBN 0-201-54777-5
3391.1Sabs
3401.1SabsMcKusick, Marshall Kirk, Keith Bostic, Michael J Karels, and John
3411.1SabsQuarterman. The Design and Implementation of the 4.4BSD Operating
3421.1SabsSystem. Reading, Mass. Addison-Wesley, 1996. ISBN 0-201-54979-4
3431.1Sabs
3441.1SabsDoug McIlroy. Research Unix Reader.
3451.1Sabs
3461.1SabsMichael G. Brown. The Role of BSD in the Development of Unix.
3471.1SabsPresented to the Tasmanian Unix Special Interest Group of the
3481.1SabsAustralian Computer Society, Hobart, August 1993.
3491.1Sabs
3501.6SitojunPeter H. Salus. Unix at 25. Byte Magazine, October 1994.
3511.1SabsURL: http://www.byte.com/art/9410/sec8/art3.htm
3521.1Sabs
3531.1SabsAndreas Klemm, Lars K�ller. If you're going to San Francisco ...
3541.1SabsDie freien BSD-Varianten von Unix. c't April 1997, page 368ff.
3551.1Sabs
3561.1SabsBSD Release Announcements collection.
3571.6SitojunURL: http://www.de.FreeBSD.org/de/ftp/releases/
3581.1Sabs
3591.1SabsBSD Hypertext Man Pages
3601.6Sitojunhttp://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi
3611.6Sitojun
3621.6SitojunUNIX history graphing project
3631.6Sitojunhttp://minnie.cs.adfa.edu.au/Unix_History/index.html
3641.6Sitojun
3651.6SitojunUNIX history
3661.6Sitojunhttp://perso.wanadoo.fr/levenez/unix/
3671.1Sabs
3681.1SabsAcknowledgments
3691.1Sabs---------------
3701.1Sabs
3711.6SitojunJosh Gilliam for suggestions, bug fixes, and finding very old
3721.1Sabsoriginal BSD announcements from Usenet or tapes.
3731.1Sabs
3741.1SabsSteven M. Schultz for providing 2.8BSD, 2.10BSD, 2.11BSD manual pages.
3751.1Sabs
3761.1Sabs--
3771.7SitojunCopyright (c) 1997-2000 Wolfram Schneider <wosch@FreeBSD.ORG>
3781.7SitojunURL: ftp://ftp.freebsd.org/pub/FreeBSD/branches/-current/src/share/misc/bsd-family-tree
3791.1Sabs
3801.7Sitojun$FreeBSD: src/share/misc/bsd-family-tree,v 1.38 2001/01/19 07:36:36 itojun Exp $
3811.1Sabs
3821.7Sitojun$NetBSD: bsd-family-tree,v 1.7 2001/01/19 07:37:41 itojun Exp $
383