bsd-family-tree revision 1.10
1The UNIX system family tree: Research and BSD 2--------------------------------------------- 3 4First Edition (V1) 5 | 6Second Edition (V2) 7 | 8Third Edition (V3) 9 | 10Fourth Edition (V4) 11 | 12Fifth Edition (V5) 13 | 14Sixth Edition (V6) -----* 15 \ | 16 \ | 17 \ | 18Seventh Edition (V7) | 19 \ | 20 \ 1BSD 21 32V | 22 \ 2BSD---------------* 23 \ / | 24 \ / | 25 \/ | 26 3BSD | 27 | | 28 4.0BSD 2.7.9BSD 29 | | 30 4.1BSD --------------> 2.8BSD 31 | | 32 4.1aBSD -----------\ | 33 | \ | 34 4.1bBSD \ | 35 | \ | 36 *------ 4.1cBSD --------------> 2.9BSD 37 / | | 38Eighth Edition | 2.9BSD-Seismo 39 | | | 40 +----<--- 4.2BSD 2.9.1BSD 41 | | | 42 +----<--- 4.3BSD -------------> 2.10BSD 43 | | / | 44Ninth Edition | / 2.10.1BSD 45 | 4.3BSD Tahoe-----+ | 46 | | \ | 47 | | \ | 48 v | 2.11BSD 49Tenth Edition | | 50 | 2.11BSD rev #430 51 4.3BSD NET/1 | 52 | v 53 4.3BSD Reno 54 | 55 *---------- 4.3BSD NET/2 -------------------+-------------* 56 | | | | 57386BSD 0.0 | | BSD/386 ALPHA 58 | | | | 59386BSD 0.1 ------------>+ | BSD/386 0.3.[13] 60 | \ | 4.4BSD Alpha | 61 | 386BSD 1.0 | | BSD/386 0.9.[34] 62 | | 4.4BSD | 63 | | / | | 64 | | 4.4BSD-Encumbered | | 65 | NetBSD 0.8 | BSD/386 1.0 66 | | | | 67FreeBSD 1.0 NetBSD 0.9 | BSD/386 1.1 68 | | .----- 4.4BSD Lite | 69FreeBSD 1.1 | / / | \ | 70 | | / / | \ | 71FreeBSD 1.1.5 .---|--------' / | \ | 72 | / | / | \ | 73FreeBSD 1.1.5.1 / | / | \ | 74 | / NetBSD 1.0 <-' | \ | 75 | / | | \ | 76FreeBSD 2.0 <--' | | BSD/OS 2.0 77 | \ | | 78FreeBSD 2.0.5 \ | BSD/OS 2.0.1 79 | \ .--- 4.4BSD Lite2 | 80 | \ | | | | | 81 | | FreeBSD 3.0 | | | | 82 | | NetBSD 1.3 | | | 83 | | OpenBSD 2.3 | | 84 | | BSD/OS 3.0 | 85FreeBSD 2.1 | | 86 | | NetBSD 1.1 ------. BSD/OS 2.1 87 | FreeBSD 2.1.5 | \ | 88 | | NetBSD 1.2 \ BSD/OS 3.0 89 | FreeBSD 2.1.6 | \ OpenBSD 2.0 | 90 | | | \ | | 91 | FreeBSD 2.1.6.1 | \ | | 92 | | | \ | | 93 | FreeBSD 2.1.7 | | | | 94 | | | NetBSD 1.2.1 | | 95 | FreeBSD 2.1.7.1 | | | 96 | | | | 97 | | | | 98 *-FreeBSD 2.2 | | | 99 | \ | | | 100 | FreeBSD 2.2.1 | | | 101 | | | | | 102 | FreeBSD 2.2.2 | OpenBSD 2.1 | 103 | | | | | 104 | FreeBSD 2.2.5 | | | 105 | | | OpenBSD 2.2 | 106 | | NetBSD 1.3 | | 107 | FreeBSD 2.2.6 | | | | 108 | | | NetBSD 1.3.1 | BSD/OS 3.1 109 | | | | OpenBSD 2.3 | 110 | | | NetBSD 1.3.2 | | 111 | FreeBSD 2.2.7 | | | | 112 | | | | | BSD/OS 4.0 113 | FreeBSD 2.2.8 | | | | 114 | | | | | 115 | | | OpenBSD 2.4 | 116FreeBSD 3.0 | | | | 117 | | NetBSD 1.3.3 | | 118 *---FreeBSD 3.1 | | | 119 | | | | BSD/OS 4.0.1 120 | FreeBSD 3.2 NetBSD 1.4 OpenBSD 2.5 | 121 | | | | | | 122 | FreeBSD 3.3 | NetBSD 1.4.1 | | 123 | | | | OpenBSD 2.6 | 124 | FreeBSD 3.4 | | | | 125 | | | | | BSD/OS 4.1 126FreeBSD 4.0 | | NetBSD 1.4.2 | | 127 | | | | | | 128 | | | | | | 129 | FreeBSD 3.5 | | OpenBSD 2.7 | 130 | | | | | | 131 | FreeBSD 3.5.1 | | | | 132 | | | | | 133 *---FreeBSD 4.1 | | | | 134 | | | | | | 135 | FreeBSD 4.1.1 | | | | 136 | | | | | | 137 | FreeBSD 4.2 | NetBSD 1.4.3 | | 138 | | | | | | 139 | | | v | | 140 | | | OpenBSD 2.8 BSD/OS 4.2 141 | | NetBSD 1.5 | | 142 | FreeBSD 4.3 | | | v 143 | | | | OpenBSD 2.9 144 | | | NetBSD 1.5.1 | 145 | v | | | 146 | | NetBSD 1.5.2 | 147 | | | | 148 | | v | 149 | | | 150FreeBSD 5.0-current NetBSD -current OpenBSD -current 151 | | | 152 v v v 153 154 155Time 156---------------- 157 158Time tolerance +/- 6 months, depending on which book/article you read; if it 159was the announcement in Usenet or if it was available as tape. 160 161[44B] McKusick, Marshall Kirk, Keith Bostic, Michael J Karels, 162 and John Quarterman. The Design and Implementation of 163 the 4.4BSD Operating System. 164[DOC] README, COPYRIGHT on tape. 165[QCU] Salus, Peter H. A quarter century of UNIX. 166[U25] Peter H. Salus. Unix at 25. 167[USE] Usenet announcement. 168[KSJ] Michael J. Karels, Carl F. Smith, and William F. Jolitz. 169 Changes in the Kernel in 2.9BSD. Second Berkeley Software 170 Distribution UNIX Version 2.9, July, 1983. 171[KB] Keith Bostic. BSD2.10 available from Usenix. comp.unix.sources, 172 Volume 11, Info 4, April, 1987. 173[KKK] Mike Karels, Kirk McKusick, and Keith Bostic. tahoe announcement. 174 comp.bugs.4bsd.ucb-fixes, June 15, 1988. 175[SMS] Steven M. Schultz. 2.11BSD, UNIX for the PDP-11. 176[FBD] FreeBSD Project, The. 177[NBD] NetBSD Project, The. 178[OBD] OpenBSD Project, The. 179[dmr] Dennis Ritchie, via E-Mail 180[BSDI] Berkeley Software Design, Inc. 181 182Multics 1965 183UNIX Summer 1969 184 DEC PDP-7 185First Edition 1971-11-03 [QCU] 186 DEC PDP-11/20, Assembler 187Second Edition 1972-06-12 [QCU] 188 10 UNIX installations 189Third Edition 1973-02-xx [QCU] 190 Pipes, 16 installations 191Fourth Edition 1973-11-xx [QCU] 192 rewriting in C effected, 193 above 30 installations 194Fifth Edition 1974-06-xx [QCU] 195 above 50 installations 196Sixth Edition 1975-05-xx [QCU] 197 port to DEC Vax 198Seventh Edition 1979-01-xx [QCU] 199 first portable UNIX 200Eighth Edition 1985-02-xx [QCU] 201 VAX 11/750, VAX 11/780 [dmr] 202 descended from 4.1c BSD [dmr] 203 descended from 4.1 BSD [44B] 204 scooping-out and replacement of the character-device 205 and networking part by the streams mechanism 206 207Ninth Edition 1986-09-xx [QCU] 208Tenth Edition 1989-10-xx [QCU] 209 2101BSD late 1977 211 1978-03-09 [QCU] 212 PDP-11, Pascal, ex(1) 213 30 free copies of 1BSD sent out 214 35 tapes sold for 50 USD [QCU] 2152BSD mid 1978 [QCU] 216 75 2BSD tapes shipped 2172.7.9BSD ?? [SMS] 2182.8BSD 1981-07-xx [KSJ] 219 2202.8.1BSD 1982-01-xx [QCU] 221 set of performance improvements 2222.9BSD 1983-07-xx [KSJ] 2232.9.1BSD 1983-11-xx 2242.9BSD-Seismo 1985-08-xx [SMS] 2252.10BSD 1987-04-xx [KKK] 2262.10.1BSD 1989-01-xx [SMS] 2272.11BSD 1992-02-xx [SMS] 2282.11BSD rev #430 1999-12-13 [SMS] 229 23032V 1978-1[01]-xx [QCU] 2313BSD late 1979 [QCU] 232 virtual memory, page replacement, 233 demand paging 2344.0BSD 1980-10-xx 2354.1BSD 1981-06-xx 2364.1aBSD 1982-04-xx 237 alpha release, 100 sites, networking [44B] 2384.1bBSD internal release, fast filesystem [44B] 2394.1cBSD late 1982 240 beta release, IPC [44B] 2414.2BSD 1983-09-xx [QCU] 2424.3BSD 1986-06-xx [QCU] 243 1986-04-xx [KB] 2444.3BSD Tahoe 1988-06-xx [QCU] 2454.3BSD NET/1 1988-11-xx [QCU] 2464.3BSD Reno 1990-06-xx [QCU], [DOC] 2474.3BSD NET/2 1991-06-xx [QCU] 248 249BSD/386 ALPHA 1991-12-xx [BSDI] 250 first code released to people outside BSDI 251386BSD 0.0 1992-02-xx [DOC] 252BSD/386 0.3.1 1992-04-xx [BSDI] first ext. beta; B customers 253BSD/386 0.3.3 1992-06-xx [BSDI] first CDROM version 254386BSD 0.1 1992-07-28 [DOC] 2554.4BSD Alpha 1992-07-07 256BSD/386 0.9.3 1992-10-xx [BSDI] 257 first external gamma; G customers 258BSD/386 0.9.4 1992-12-xx [BSDI] 259 would have been 1.0 except for request 260 for preliminary injunction 261BSD/386 1.0 1993-03-xx [BSDI] 262 injunction denied; first official release 263NetBSD 0.8 1993-04-20 [NBD] 2644.4BSD 1993-06-01 [USE] 265NetBSD 0.9 1993-08-23 [NBD] 266FreeBSD 1.0 1993-11-01 [FBD] 267BSD/386 1.1 1994-02-xx [BSDI] 2684.4BSD Lite 1994-03-01 [USE] 269FreeBSD 1.1 1994-04-xx [FBD] 270FreeBSD 1.1.5.1 1994-07-xx [FBD] 271 supersedes 1.1.5 3 days after release. 272NetBSD 1.0 1994-10-26 [NBD] 273386BSD 1.0 1994-11-12 [USE] 274FreeBSD 2.0 1995-01-xx [FBD] 275BSD/OS 2.0 1995-01-xx [BSDI] 4.4 lite based 276FreeBSD 2.0.5 1995-06-10 [FBD] 277BSD/OS 2.0.1 1995-06-xx [BSDI] 2784.4BSD Lite Release 2 1995-06-xx [44B] 279 the true final distribution from the CSRG 280FreeBSD 2.1.0 1995-11-19 [FBD] 281NetBSD 1.1 1995-11-26 [NBD] 282BSD/OS 2.1 1996-01-xx [BSDI] 283FreeBSD 2.1.5 1996-07-14 [FBD] 284NetBSD 1.2 1996-10-04 [NBD] 285OpenBSD 2.0 1996-10-18 [OBD] 286FreeBSD 2.1.6 1996-11-16 [FBD] 287FreeBSD 2.1.6.1 1996-11-25 [FBD] (sendmail security release) 288FreeBSD 2.1.7 1997-02-20 [FBD] 289BSD/OS 3.0 1997-02-xx [BSDI] 4.4 lite2 based 290FreeBSD 2.2.0 1997-03-16 [FBD] 291FreeBSD 2.2.1 1997-03-25 [FBD] 292FreeBSD 2.2.2 1997-05-16 [FBD] 293NetBSD 1.2.1 1997-05-20 [NBD] (patch release) 294OpenBSD 2.1 1997-06-01 [OBD] 295FreeBSD 2.2.5 1997-10-22 [FBD] 296OpenBSD 2.2 1997-12-01 [OBD] 297NetBSD 1.3 1998-01-04 [NBD] 298FreeBSD 2.2.6 1998-03-25 [FBD] 299NetBSD 1.3.1 1998-03-09 [NBD] (patch release) 300BSD/OS 3.1 1998-03-xx [BSDI] 301OpenBSD 2.3 1998-05-19 [OBD] 302NetBSD 1.3.2 1998-05-29 [NBD] (patch release) 303FreeBSD 2.2.7 1998-07-22 [FBD] 304BSD/OS 4.0 1998-08-xx [BSDI] 305 2-lock MP support, ELF executables 306FreeBSD 3.0 1998-10-16 [FBD] 307 FreeBSD-3.0 is a snapshot from -current, 308 while 3.1 and 3.2 are from 3.x-stable which 309 was branched quite some time after 3.0-release 310FreeBSD 2.2.8 1998-11-29 [FBD] 311OpenBSD 2.4 1998-12-01 [OBD] 312NetBSD 1.3.3 1998-12-23 [NBD] (patch release) 313FreeBSD 3.1 1999-02-15 [FBD] 314BSD/OS 4.0.1 1999-03-xx [BSDI] 315NetBSD 1.4 1999-05-12 [NBD] 316FreeBSD 3.2 1999-05-17 [FBD] 317OpenBSD 2.5 1999-05-19 [OBD] 318NetBSD 1.4.1 1999-08-26 [NBD] (patch release) 319FreeBSD 3.3 1999-09-17 [FBD] 320OpenBSD 2.6 1999-12-01 [OBD] 321FreeBSD 3.4 1999-12-20 [FBD] 322BSD/OS 4.1 1999-12-xx [BSDI] 323FreeBSD 4.0 2000-03-13 [FBD] 324NetBSD 1.4.2 2000-03-19 [NBD] (patch release) 325OpenBSD 2.7 2000-06-15 [OBD] 326FreeBSD 3.5 2000-06-24 [FBD] 327FreeBSD 4.1 2000-07-27 [FBD] 328FreeBSD 3.5.1 2000-07-28 [FBD] 329FreeBSD 4.1.1 2000-09-25 [FBD] (a network-only patch release) 330FreeBSD 4.2 2000-11-21 [FBD] 331NetBSD 1.4.3 2000-11-25 [NBD] (patch release) 332BSD/OS 4.2 2000-11-29 [BSDI] 333OpenBSD 2.8 2000-12-01 [OBD] 334NetBSD 1.5 2000-12-06 [NBD] 335FreeBSD 4.3 2001-04-20 [FBD] 336OpenBSD 2.9 2001-06-01 [OBD] 337NetBSD 1.5.1 2001-06-11 [NBD] (patch release) 338NetBSD 1.5.2 2001-08-17 [NBD] (patch release) 339 340 341Bibliography 342------------------------ 343 344Leffler, Samuel J., Marshall Kirk McKusick, Michael J Karels and John 345Quarterman. The Design and Implementation of the 4.3BSD UNIX Operating 346System. Reading, Mass. Addison-Wesley, 1989. ISBN 0-201-06196-1 347 348Salus, Peter H. A quarter century of UNIX. Addison-Wesley Publishing 349Company, Inc., 1994. ISBN 0-201-54777-5 350 351McKusick, Marshall Kirk, Keith Bostic, Michael J Karels, and John 352Quarterman. The Design and Implementation of the 4.4BSD Operating 353System. Reading, Mass. Addison-Wesley, 1996. ISBN 0-201-54979-4 354 355Doug McIlroy. Research Unix Reader. 356 357Michael G. Brown. The Role of BSD in the Development of Unix. 358Presented to the Tasmanian Unix Special Interest Group of the 359Australian Computer Society, Hobart, August 1993. 360 361Peter H. Salus. Unix at 25. Byte Magazine, October 1994. 362URL: http://www.byte.com/art/9410/sec8/art3.htm (unreachable) 363 364Andreas Klemm, Lars K�ller. If you're going to San Francisco ... 365Die freien BSD-Varianten von Unix. c't April 1997, page 368ff. 366 367BSD Release Announcements collection. 368URL: http://www.de.FreeBSD.org/de/ftp/releases/ 369 370BSD Hypertext Man Pages 371URL: http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi 372 373UNIX history graphing project 374URL: http://minnie.tuhs.org/Unix_History/index.html 375 376UNIX history 377URL: http://perso.wanadoo.fr/levenez/unix/ 378 379James Howard: The BSD Family Tree 380URL: http://www.daemonnews.org/200104/bsd_family.html 381("what are the differences between FreeBSD, NetBSD, and OpenBSD?") 382 383 384Acknowledgments 385--------------- 386 387Josh Gilliam for suggestions, bug fixes, and finding very old 388original BSD announcements from Usenet or tapes. 389 390Steven M. Schultz for providing 2.8BSD, 2.10BSD, 2.11BSD manual pages. 391 392-- 393Copyright (c) 1997-2001 Wolfram Schneider <wosch@FreeBSD.ORG> 394URL: ftp://ftp.freebsd.org/pub/FreeBSD/branches/-current/src/share/misc/bsd-family-tree 395 396$FreeBSD: /c/ncvs/src/share/misc/bsd-family-tree,v 1.49 2001/07/11 23:57:16 itojun Exp $ 397 398$NetBSD: bsd-family-tree,v 1.10 2001/11/25 07:31:21 jhawk Exp $ 399