bsd-family-tree revision 1.14
1 The UNIX system family tree: Research and BSD 2 --------------------------------------------- 3 4 First Edition (V1) 5 | 6 Second Edition (V2) 7 | 8 Third Edition (V3) 9 | 10 Fourth Edition (V4) 11 | 12 Fifth Edition (V5) 13 | 14 Sixth Edition (V6) -----* 15 \ | 16 \ | 17 \ | 18 Seventh Edition (V7) | 19 \ | 20 \ 1BSD 21 32V | 22 \ 2BSD---------------* 23 \ / | 24 \ / | 25 \/ | 26 3BSD | 27 | | 28 4.0BSD 2.7.9BSD 29 | | 30 4.1BSD --------------> 2.8BSD 31 | | 32 4.1aBSD -----------\ | 33 | \ | 34 4.1bBSD \ | 35 | \ | 36 *------ 4.1cBSD --------------> 2.9BSD 37 / | | 38 Eighth Edition | 2.9BSD-Seismo 39 | | | 40 +----<--- 4.2BSD 2.9.1BSD 41 | | | 42 +----<--- 4.3BSD -------------> 2.10BSD 43 | | / | 44 Ninth Edition | / 2.10.1BSD 45 | 4.3BSD Tahoe-----+ | 46 | | \ | 47 | | \ | 48 v | 2.11BSD 49 Tenth Edition | | 50 | 2.11BSD rev #430 51 4.3BSD NET/1 | 52 | v 53 4.3BSD Reno 54 | 55 *---------- 4.3BSD NET/2 -------------------+-------------* 56 | | | | 57 386BSD 0.0 | | BSD/386 ALPHA 58 | | | | 59 386BSD 0.1 ------------>+ | BSD/386 0.3.[13] 60 | \ | 4.4BSD Alpha | 61 | 386BSD 1.0 | | BSD/386 0.9.[34] 62 | | 4.4BSD | 63 | | / | | 64 | | 4.4BSD-Encumbered | | 65 | NetBSD 0.8 | BSD/386 1.0 66 | | | | 67 FreeBSD 1.0 NetBSD 0.9 | BSD/386 1.1 68 | | .----- 4.4BSD Lite | 69 FreeBSD 1.1 | / / | \ | 70 | | / / | \ | 71 FreeBSD 1.1.5 .---|--------' / | \ | 72 | / | / | \ | 73 FreeBSD 1.1.5.1 / | / | \ | 74 | / NetBSD 1.0 <-' | \ | 75 | / | | \ | 76 FreeBSD 2.0 <--' | | BSD/OS 2.0 77 | \ | | 78 FreeBSD 2.0.5 \ | BSD/OS 2.0.1 79 | .-----\------------- 4.4BSD Lite2 | 80 | | \ | | | | | 81 | | .-----|------Rhapsody | | | | 82 | | | | NetBSD 1.3 | | | 83 | | | | OpenBSD 2.3 | | 84 | | | | BSD/OS 3.0 | 85 FreeBSD 2.1 | | | | 86 | | | | NetBSD 1.1 ------. BSD/OS 2.1 87 | FreeBSD 2.1.5 | | | \ | 88 | | | | NetBSD 1.2 \ BSD/OS 3.0 89 | FreeBSD 2.1.6 | | | \ OpenBSD 2.0 | 90 | | | | | \ | | 91 | FreeBSD 2.1.6.1 | | | \ | | 92 | | | | | \ | | 93 | FreeBSD 2.1.7 | | | | | | 94 | | | | | NetBSD 1.2.1 | | 95 | FreeBSD 2.1.7.1 | | | | | 96 | | | | | | 97 | | | | | | 98 *-FreeBSD 2.2 | | | | | 99 | \ | | | | | 100 | FreeBSD 2.2.1 | | | | | 101 | | | | | | | 102 | FreeBSD 2.2.2 | | | OpenBSD 2.1 | 103 | | | | | | | 104 | FreeBSD 2.2.5 | | | | | 105 | | | | | OpenBSD 2.2 | 106 | | | | NetBSD 1.3 | | 107 | FreeBSD 2.2.6 | | | | | | 108 | | | | | NetBSD 1.3.1 | BSD/OS 3.1 109 | | | | | | OpenBSD 2.3 | 110 | | | | | NetBSD 1.3.2 | | 111 | FreeBSD 2.2.7 | | | | | | 112 | | | | | | | BSD/OS 4.0 113 | v | | | | | | 114 | FreeBSD 2.2.8 | | | | | | 115 | | | | | OpenBSD 2.4 | 116 FreeBSD 3.0 <--------* | | v | | 117 | | | NetBSD 1.3.3 | | 118 *---FreeBSD 3.1 | | | | 119 | | | | | BSD/OS 4.0.1 120 | FreeBSD 3.2----* | NetBSD 1.4 OpenBSD 2.5 | 121 | | | | | | | | | 122 | | | | | | | | | 123 | | | | | | | | | 124 | FreeBSD 3.3 | | | | NetBSD 1.4.1 | | 125 | | | | | | | OpenBSD 2.6 | 126 | FreeBSD 3.4 | | | | | | | 127 | | | | | | | | BSD/OS 4.1 128 FreeBSD 4.0 | | | | | NetBSD 1.4.2 | | 129 | | | | | | | | | 130 | | | | | | | | | 131 | FreeBSD 3.5 | | | | | OpenBSD 2.7 | 132 | | | | | | | | | 133 | FreeBSD 3.5.1 | | | | | | | 134 | | | | | | | | 135 *---FreeBSD 4.1 | | | | | | | 136 | | | | (?) | | | | 137 | FreeBSD 4.1.1 | | / | | | | 138 | | | | / | v | | 139 | FreeBSD 4.2 Darwin/ | NetBSD 1.4.3 | | 140 | | Mac OS X | | OpenBSD 2.8 BSD/OS 4.2 141 | | | | v | | 142 | | | | | | 143 | | 10.0 NetBSD 1.5 | | 144 | FreeBSD 4.3 | | | | v 145 | | | | v OpenBSD 2.9 146 | | | | NetBSD 1.5.1 | 147 | | | | | | 148 | FreeBSD 4.4 | | NetBSD 1.5.2 | 149 | | | | | | 150 | | | | v OpenBSD 3.0 151 | FreeBSD 4.5 | | | 152 | | | | | 153 | FreeBSD 4.6 | | | 154 | | | | | 155 | v | | | 156 | | | | 157 FreeBSD 5.0-current | NetBSD -current OpenBSD -current 158 | | | | 159 v | v v 160 Mac OS X 161 10.1 162 163 Time 164 ---------------- 165 166 Time tolerance +/- 6 months, depending on which book/article you read; if it 167 was the announcement in Usenet or if it was available as tape. 168 169 [44B] McKusick, Marshall Kirk, Keith Bostic, Michael J Karels, 170 and John Quarterman. The Design and Implementation of 171 the 4.4BSD Operating System. 172 [APL] Apple website [http://www.apple.com/macosx/] 173 [DOC] README, COPYRIGHT on tape. 174 [QCU] Salus, Peter H. A quarter century of UNIX. 175 [U25] Peter H. Salus. Unix at 25. 176 [USE] Usenet announcement. 177 [KSJ] Michael J. Karels, Carl F. Smith, and William F. Jolitz. 178 Changes in the Kernel in 2.9BSD. Second Berkeley Software 179 Distribution UNIX Version 2.9, July, 1983. 180 [KB] Keith Bostic. BSD2.10 available from Usenix. comp.unix.sources, 181 Volume 11, Info 4, April, 1987. 182 [KKK] Mike Karels, Kirk McKusick, and Keith Bostic. tahoe announcement. 183 comp.bugs.4bsd.ucb-fixes, June 15, 1988. 184 [SMS] Steven M. Schultz. 2.11BSD, UNIX for the PDP-11. 185 [FBD] FreeBSD Project, The. 186 [NBD] NetBSD Project, The. 187 [OBD] OpenBSD Project, The. 188 [dmr] Dennis Ritchie, via E-Mail 189 [BSDI] Berkeley Software Design, Inc. 190 191 Multics 1965 192 UNIX Summer 1969 193 DEC PDP-7 194 First Edition 1971-11-03 [QCU] 195 DEC PDP-11/20, Assembler 196 Second Edition 1972-06-12 [QCU] 197 10 UNIX installations 198 Third Edition 1973-02-xx [QCU] 199 Pipes, 16 installations 200 Fourth Edition 1973-11-xx [QCU] 201 rewriting in C effected, 202 above 30 installations 203 Fifth Edition 1974-06-xx [QCU] 204 above 50 installations 205 Sixth Edition 1975-05-xx [QCU] 206 port to DEC Vax 207 Seventh Edition 1979-01-xx [QCU] 208 first portable UNIX 209 Eighth Edition 1985-02-xx [QCU] 210 VAX 11/750, VAX 11/780 [dmr] 211 descended from 4.1c BSD [dmr] 212 descended from 4.1 BSD [44B] 213 scooping-out and replacement of the character-device 214 and networking part by the streams mechanism 215 216 Ninth Edition 1986-09-xx [QCU] 217 Tenth Edition 1989-10-xx [QCU] 218 219 1BSD late 1977 220 1978-03-09 [QCU] 221 PDP-11, Pascal, ex(1) 222 30 free copies of 1BSD sent out 223 35 tapes sold for 50 USD [QCU] 224 2BSD mid 1978 [QCU] 225 75 2BSD tapes shipped 226 2.7.9BSD ?? [SMS] 227 2.8BSD 1981-07-xx [KSJ] 228 229 2.8.1BSD 1982-01-xx [QCU] 230 set of performance improvements 231 2.9BSD 1983-07-xx [KSJ] 232 2.9.1BSD 1983-11-xx 233 2.9BSD-Seismo 1985-08-xx [SMS] 234 2.10BSD 1987-04-xx [KKK] 235 2.10.1BSD 1989-01-xx [SMS] 236 2.11BSD 1992-02-xx [SMS] 237 2.11BSD rev #430 1999-12-13 [SMS] 238 239 32V 1978-1[01]-xx [QCU] 240 3BSD late 1979 [QCU] 241 virtual memory, page replacement, 242 demand paging 243 4.0BSD 1980-10-xx 244 4.1BSD 1981-07-08 [DOC] 245 4.1aBSD 1982-04-xx 246 alpha release, 100 sites, networking [44B] 247 4.1bBSD internal release, fast filesystem [44B] 248 4.1cBSD late 1982 249 beta release, IPC [44B] 250 4.2BSD 1983-09-xx [QCU] 251 1983-08-03 [DOC] 252 4.3BSD 1986-06-xx [QCU] 253 1986-04-05 [KB], [DOC] 254 4.3BSD Tahoe 1988-06-15 [QCU], [DOC] 255 4.3BSD NET/1 1988-11-xx [QCU] 256 1989-01-01 [DOC] 257 4.3BSD Reno 1990-06-29 [QCU], [DOC] 258 4.3BSD NET/2 1991-06-28 [QCU], [DOC] 259 260 BSD/386 ALPHA 1991-12-xx [BSDI] 261 first code released to people outside BSDI 262 386BSD 0.0 1992-02-xx [DOC] 263 BSD/386 0.3.1 1992-04-xx [BSDI] first ext. beta; B customers 264 BSD/386 0.3.3 1992-06-xx [BSDI] first CDROM version 265 386BSD 0.1 1992-07-28 [DOC] 266 4.4BSD Alpha 1992-07-07 267 BSD/386 0.9.3 1992-10-xx [BSDI] 268 first external gamma; G customers 269 BSD/386 0.9.4 1992-12-xx [BSDI] 270 would have been 1.0 except for request 271 for preliminary injunction 272 BSD/386 1.0 1993-03-xx [BSDI] 273 injunction denied; first official release 274 NetBSD 0.8 1993-04-20 [NBD] 275 4.4BSD 1993-06-01 [USE] 276 NetBSD 0.9 1993-08-23 [NBD] 277 FreeBSD 1.0 1993-11-01 [FBD] 278 BSD/386 1.1 1994-02-xx [BSDI] 279 4.4BSD Lite 1994-03-01 [USE] 280 FreeBSD 1.1 1994-04-xx [FBD] 281 FreeBSD 1.1.5.1 1994-07-xx [FBD] 282 supersedes 1.1.5 3 days after release. 283 NetBSD 1.0 1994-10-26 [NBD] 284 386BSD 1.0 1994-11-12 [USE] 285 FreeBSD 2.0 1995-01-xx [FBD] 286 BSD/OS 2.0 1995-01-xx [BSDI] 4.4 lite based 287 FreeBSD 2.0.5 1995-06-10 [FBD] 288 BSD/OS 2.0.1 1995-06-xx [BSDI] 289 4.4BSD Lite Release 2 1995-06-xx [44B] 290 the true final distribution from the CSRG 291 FreeBSD 2.1.0 1995-11-19 [FBD] 292 NetBSD 1.1 1995-11-26 [NBD] 293 BSD/OS 2.1 1996-01-xx [BSDI] 294 FreeBSD 2.1.5 1996-07-14 [FBD] 295 NetBSD 1.2 1996-10-04 [NBD] 296 OpenBSD 2.0 1996-10-18 [OBD] 297 FreeBSD 2.1.6 1996-11-16 [FBD] 298 FreeBSD 2.1.6.1 1996-11-25 [FBD] (sendmail security release) 299 Rhapsody 1997-xx-xx 300 FreeBSD 2.1.7 1997-02-20 [FBD] 301 BSD/OS 3.0 1997-02-xx [BSDI] 4.4 lite2 based 302 FreeBSD 2.2.0 1997-03-16 [FBD] 303 FreeBSD 2.2.1 1997-03-25 [FBD] 304 FreeBSD 2.2.2 1997-05-16 [FBD] 305 NetBSD 1.2.1 1997-05-20 [NBD] (patch release) 306 OpenBSD 2.1 1997-06-01 [OBD] 307 FreeBSD 2.2.5 1997-10-22 [FBD] 308 OpenBSD 2.2 1997-12-01 [OBD] 309 NetBSD 1.3 1998-01-04 [NBD] 310 FreeBSD 2.2.6 1998-03-25 [FBD] 311 NetBSD 1.3.1 1998-03-09 [NBD] (patch release) 312 BSD/OS 3.1 1998-03-xx [BSDI] 313 OpenBSD 2.3 1998-05-19 [OBD] 314 NetBSD 1.3.2 1998-05-29 [NBD] (patch release) 315 FreeBSD 2.2.7 1998-07-22 [FBD] 316 BSD/OS 4.0 1998-08-xx [BSDI] 317 2-lock MP support, ELF executables 318 FreeBSD 3.0 1998-10-16 [FBD] 319 FreeBSD-3.0 is a snapshot from -current, 320 while 3.1 and 3.2 are from 3.x-stable which 321 was branched quite some time after 3.0-release 322 FreeBSD 2.2.8 1998-11-29 [FBD] 323 OpenBSD 2.4 1998-12-01 [OBD] 324 NetBSD 1.3.3 1998-12-23 [NBD] (patch release) 325 FreeBSD 3.1 1999-02-15 [FBD] 326 BSD/OS 4.0.1 1999-03-xx [BSDI] 327 NetBSD 1.4 1999-05-12 [NBD] 328 FreeBSD 3.2 1999-05-17 [FBD] 329 OpenBSD 2.5 1999-05-19 [OBD] 330 NetBSD 1.4.1 1999-08-26 [NBD] (patch release) 331 FreeBSD 3.3 1999-09-17 [FBD] 332 OpenBSD 2.6 1999-12-01 [OBD] 333 FreeBSD 3.4 1999-12-20 [FBD] 334 BSD/OS 4.1 1999-12-xx [BSDI] 335 FreeBSD 4.0 2000-03-13 [FBD] 336 NetBSD 1.4.2 2000-03-19 [NBD] (patch release) 337 OpenBSD 2.7 2000-06-15 [OBD] 338 FreeBSD 3.5 2000-06-24 [FBD] 339 FreeBSD 4.1 2000-07-27 [FBD] 340 FreeBSD 3.5.1 2000-07-28 [FBD] 341 FreeBSD 4.1.1 2000-09-25 [FBD] (a network-only patch release) 342 FreeBSD 4.2 2000-11-21 [FBD] 343 NetBSD 1.4.3 2000-11-25 [NBD] (patch release) 344 BSD/OS 4.2 2000-11-29 [BSDI] 345 OpenBSD 2.8 2000-12-01 [OBD] 346 NetBSD 1.5 2000-12-06 [NBD] 347 Mac OS X 10.0 2001-03-24 [APL] 348 FreeBSD 4.3 2001-04-20 [FBD] 349 OpenBSD 2.9 2001-06-01 [OBD] 350 NetBSD 1.5.1 2001-07-11 [NBD] (patch release) 351 NetBSD 1.5.2 2001-09-13 [NBD] (patch release) 352 FreeBSD 4.4 2001-09-18 [FBD] 353 Mac OS X 10.1 2001-09-xx [APL] 354 OpenBSD 3.0 2001-12-01 [OBD] 355 FreeBSD 4.5 2002-01-29 [FBD] 356 FreeBSD 4.6 2002-06-xx [FBD] 357 NetBSD 1.5.3 2002-07-22 [NBD] (patch release) 358 359 360 Bibliography 361 ------------------------ 362 363 Leffler, Samuel J., Marshall Kirk McKusick, Michael J Karels and John 364 Quarterman. The Design and Implementation of the 4.3BSD UNIX Operating 365 System. Reading, Mass. Addison-Wesley, 1989. ISBN 0-201-06196-1 366 367 Salus, Peter H. A quarter century of UNIX. Addison-Wesley Publishing 368 Company, Inc., 1994. ISBN 0-201-54777-5 369 370 McKusick, Marshall Kirk, Keith Bostic, Michael J Karels, and John 371 Quarterman. The Design and Implementation of the 4.4BSD Operating 372 System. Reading, Mass. Addison-Wesley, 1996. ISBN 0-201-54979-4 373 374 Doug McIlroy. Research Unix Reader. 375 376 Michael G. Brown. The Role of BSD in the Development of Unix. 377 Presented to the Tasmanian Unix Special Interest Group of the 378 Australian Computer Society, Hobart, August 1993. 379 380 Peter H. Salus. Unix at 25. Byte Magazine, October 1994. 381 URL: http://www.byte.com/art/9410/sec8/art3.htm (unreachable) 382 383 Andreas Klemm, Lars Kller. If you're going to San Francisco ... 384 Die freien BSD-Varianten von Unix. c't April 1997, page 368ff. 385 386 BSD Release Announcements collection. 387 URL: http://www.de.FreeBSD.org/de/ftp/releases/ 388 389 BSD Hypertext Man Pages 390 URL: http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi 391 392 UNIX history graphing project 393 URL: http://minnie.tuhs.org/Unix_History/index.html 394 395 UNIX history 396 URL: http://perso.wanadoo.fr/levenez/unix/ 397 398 James Howard: The BSD Family Tree 399 URL: http://www.daemonnews.org/200104/bsd_family.html 400 ("what are the differences between FreeBSD, NetBSD, and OpenBSD?") 401 402 403 Acknowledgments 404 --------------- 405 406 Josh Gilliam for suggestions, bug fixes, and finding very old 407 original BSD announcements from Usenet or tapes. 408 409 Steven M. Schultz for providing 2.8BSD, 2.10BSD, 2.11BSD manual pages. 410 411 -- 412 Copyright (c) 1997-2001 Wolfram Schneider <wosch (a] FreeBSD.ORG> 413 URL: ftp://ftp.freebsd.org/pub/FreeBSD/branches/-current/src/share/misc/bsd-family-tree 414 415 $FreeBSD: src/share/misc/bsd-family-tree,v 1.58 2002/03/10 19:00:37 wosch Exp $ 416
Indexes created Wed Nov 05 01:09:58 GMT 2025