bsd-family-tree revision 1.21
1 The UNIX system family tree: Research and BSD 2 --------------------------------------------- 3 4 First Edition (V1) 5 | 6 Second Edition (V2) 7 | 8 Third Edition (V3) 9 | 10 Fourth Edition (V4) 11 | 12 Fifth Edition (V5) 13 | 14 Sixth Edition (V6) -----* 15 \ | 16 \ | 17 \ | 18 Seventh Edition (V7) | 19 \ | 20 \ 1BSD 21 32V | 22 \ 2BSD---------------* 23 \ / | 24 \ / | 25 \/ | 26 3BSD | 27 | | 28 4.0BSD 2.7.9BSD 29 | | 30 4.1BSD --------------> 2.8BSD 31 | | 32 4.1aBSD -----------\ | 33 | \ | 34 4.1bBSD \ | 35 | \ | 36 *------ 4.1cBSD --------------> 2.9BSD 37 / | | 38 Eighth Edition | 2.9BSD-Seismo 39 | | | 40 +----<--- 4.2BSD 2.9.1BSD 41 | | | 42 +----<--- 4.3BSD -------------> 2.10BSD 43 | | / | 44 Ninth Edition | / 2.10.1BSD 45 | 4.3BSD Tahoe-----+ | 46 | | \ | 47 | | \ | 48 v | 2.11BSD 49 Tenth Edition | | 50 | 2.11BSD rev #430 51 4.3BSD NET/1 | 52 | v 53 4.3BSD Reno 54 | 55 *---------- 4.3BSD NET/2 -------------------+-------------* 56 | | | | 57 386BSD 0.0 | | BSD/386 ALPHA 58 | | | | 59 386BSD 0.1 ------------>+ | BSD/386 0.3.[13] 60 | \ | 4.4BSD Alpha | 61 | 386BSD 1.0 | | BSD/386 0.9.[34] 62 | | 4.4BSD | 63 | | / | | 64 | | 4.4BSD-Encumbered | | 65 | NetBSD 0.8 | BSD/386 1.0 66 | | | | 67 FreeBSD 1.0 NetBSD 0.9 | BSD/386 1.1 68 | | .----- 4.4BSD Lite | 69 FreeBSD 1.1 | / / | \ | 70 | | / / | \ | 71 FreeBSD 1.1.5 .---|--------' / | \ | 72 | / | / | \ | 73 FreeBSD 1.1.5.1 / | / | \ | 74 | / NetBSD 1.0 <-' | \ | 75 | / | | \ | 76 FreeBSD 2.0 <--' | | BSD/OS 2.0 77 | \ | | 78 FreeBSD 2.0.5 \ | BSD/OS 2.0.1 79 | .-----\------------- 4.4BSD Lite2 | 80 | | \ | | | | | 81 | | .-----|------Rhapsody | | | | 82 | | | | NetBSD 1.3 | | | 83 | | | | OpenBSD 2.3 | | 84 | | | | BSD/OS 3.0 | 85 FreeBSD 2.1 | | | | 86 | | | | NetBSD 1.1 ------. BSD/OS 2.1 87 | FreeBSD 2.1.5 | | | \ | 88 | | | | NetBSD 1.2 \ BSD/OS 3.0 89 | FreeBSD 2.1.6 | | | \ OpenBSD 2.0 | 90 | | | | | \ | | 91 | FreeBSD 2.1.6.1 | | | \ | | 92 | | | | | \ | | 93 | FreeBSD 2.1.7 | | | | | | 94 | | | | | NetBSD 1.2.1 | | 95 | FreeBSD 2.1.7.1 | | | | | 96 | | | | | | 97 | | | | | | 98 *-FreeBSD 2.2 | | | | | 99 | \ | | | | | 100 | FreeBSD 2.2.1 | | | | | 101 | | | | | | | 102 | FreeBSD 2.2.2 | | | OpenBSD 2.1 | 103 | | | | | | | 104 | FreeBSD 2.2.5 | | | | | 105 | | | | | OpenBSD 2.2 | 106 | | | | NetBSD 1.3 | | 107 | FreeBSD 2.2.6 | | | | | | 108 | | | | | NetBSD 1.3.1 | BSD/OS 3.1 109 | | | | | | OpenBSD 2.3 | 110 | | | | | NetBSD 1.3.2 | | 111 | FreeBSD 2.2.7 | | | | | | 112 | | | | | | | BSD/OS 4.0 113 | v | | | | | | 114 | FreeBSD 2.2.8 | | | | | | 115 | | | | | OpenBSD 2.4 | 116 FreeBSD 3.0 <--------* | | v | | 117 | | | NetBSD 1.3.3 | | 118 *---FreeBSD 3.1 | | | | 119 | | | | | BSD/OS 4.0.1 120 | FreeBSD 3.2----* | NetBSD 1.4 OpenBSD 2.5 | 121 | | | | | | | | | 122 | | | | | | | | | 123 | | | | | | | | | 124 | FreeBSD 3.3 | | | | NetBSD 1.4.1 | | 125 | | | | | | | OpenBSD 2.6 | 126 | FreeBSD 3.4 | | | | | | | 127 | | | | | | | | BSD/OS 4.1 128 FreeBSD 4.0 | | | | | NetBSD 1.4.2 | | 129 | | | | | | | | | 130 | | | | | | | | | 131 | FreeBSD 3.5 | | | | | OpenBSD 2.7 | 132 | | | | | | | | | 133 | FreeBSD 3.5.1 | | | | | | | 134 | | | | | | | | 135 *---FreeBSD 4.1 | | | | | | | 136 | | | | (?) | | | | 137 | FreeBSD 4.1.1 | | / | | | | 138 | | | | / | | | | 139 | FreeBSD 4.2 Darwin/ | NetBSD 1.4.3 | | 140 | | Mac OS X | | OpenBSD 2.8 BSD/OS 4.2 141 | | | | v | | 142 | | | | | | 143 | | 10.0 NetBSD 1.5 | | 144 | FreeBSD 4.3 | | | | | 145 | | | | | OpenBSD 2.9 | 146 | | | | NetBSD 1.5.1 | | 147 | | | | | | | 148 | FreeBSD 4.4-. | | NetBSD 1.5.2 | | 149 | | | Mac OS X | | | | 150 | | | 10.1 | | OpenBSD 3.0 | 151 | FreeBSD 4.5 | | | | | | 152 | | \ | | | | BSD/OS 4.3 153 | FreeBSD 4.6 \ | | | OpenBSD 3.1 | 154 | | \ | | NetBSD 1.5.3 | | 155 | FreeBSD 4.6.2 Mac OS X | | | | 156 | | 10.2 | v | | 157 | FreeBSD 4.7 | | | | 158 | | | NetBSD 1.6 OpenBSD 3.2 | 159 | FreeBSD 4.8 | | | | | 160 | | | | NetBSD 1.6.1 | | 161 | v | | | OpenBSD 3.3 | 162 | | | v | | 163 FreeBSD 5.0 | | | | 164 | | | | BSD/OS 5.0 165 FreeBSD 5.1 | NetBSD -current OpenBSD -current | 166 | | | | v 167 FreeBSD 5 -current | | | 168 | | | | 169 v v v v 170 171 Time 172 ---------------- 173 174 Time tolerance +/- 6 months, depending on which book/article you read; if it 175 was the announcement in Usenet or if it was available as tape. 176 177 [44B] McKusick, Marshall Kirk, Keith Bostic, Michael J Karels, 178 and John Quarterman. The Design and Implementation of 179 the 4.4BSD Operating System. 180 [APL] Apple website [http://www.apple.com/macosx/] 181 [BSDI] Berkeley Software Design, Inc. 182 [DOC] README, COPYRIGHT on tape. 183 [FBD] FreeBSD Project, The. 184 [KB] Keith Bostic. BSD2.10 available from Usenix. comp.unix.sources, 185 Volume 11, Info 4, April, 1987. 186 [KKK] Mike Karels, Kirk McKusick, and Keith Bostic. tahoe announcement. 187 comp.bugs.4bsd.ucb-fixes, June 15, 1988. 188 [KSJ] Michael J. Karels, Carl F. Smith, and William F. Jolitz. 189 Changes in the Kernel in 2.9BSD. Second Berkeley Software 190 Distribution UNIX Version 2.9, July, 1983. 191 [NBD] NetBSD Project, The. 192 [OBD] OpenBSD Project, The. 193 [QCU] Salus, Peter H. A quarter century of UNIX. 194 [SMS] Steven M. Schultz. 2.11BSD, UNIX for the PDP-11. 195 [USE] Usenet announcement. 196 [WRS] Wind River Systems, Inc. 197 [dmr] Dennis Ritchie, via E-Mail 198 199 Multics 1965 200 UNIX Summer 1969 201 DEC PDP-7 202 First Edition 1971-11-03 [QCU] 203 DEC PDP-11/20, Assembler 204 Second Edition 1972-06-12 [QCU] 205 10 UNIX installations 206 Third Edition 1973-02-xx [QCU] 207 Pipes, 16 installations 208 Fourth Edition 1973-11-xx [QCU] 209 rewriting in C effected, 210 above 30 installations 211 Fifth Edition 1974-06-xx [QCU] 212 above 50 installations 213 Sixth Edition 1975-05-xx [QCU] 214 port to DEC Vax 215 Seventh Edition 1979-01-xx [QCU] 216 first portable UNIX 217 Eighth Edition 1985-02-xx [QCU] 218 VAX 11/750, VAX 11/780 [dmr] 219 descended from 4.1c BSD [dmr] 220 descended from 4.1 BSD [44B] 221 scooping-out and replacement of the character-device 222 and networking part by the streams mechanism 223 224 Ninth Edition 1986-09-xx [QCU] 225 Tenth Edition 1989-10-xx [QCU] 226 227 1BSD late 1977 228 1978-03-09 [QCU] 229 PDP-11, Pascal, ex(1) 230 30 free copies of 1BSD sent out 231 35 tapes sold for 50 USD [QCU] 232 2BSD mid 1978 [QCU] 233 75 2BSD tapes shipped 234 2.7.9BSD ?? [SMS] 235 2.8BSD 1981-07-xx [KSJ] 236 237 2.8.1BSD 1982-01-xx [QCU] 238 set of performance improvements 239 2.9BSD 1983-07-xx [KSJ] 240 2.9.1BSD 1983-11-xx 241 2.9BSD-Seismo 1985-08-xx [SMS] 242 2.10BSD 1987-04-xx [KKK] 243 2.10.1BSD 1989-01-xx [SMS] 244 2.11BSD 1992-02-xx [SMS] 245 2.11BSD rev #430 1999-12-13 [SMS] 246 247 32V 1978-1[01]-xx [QCU] 248 3BSD late 1979 [QCU] 249 virtual memory, page replacement, 250 demand paging 251 4.0BSD 1980-10-xx 252 4.1BSD 1981-07-08 [DOC] 253 4.1aBSD 1982-04-xx 254 alpha release, 100 sites, networking [44B] 255 4.1bBSD internal release, fast filesystem [44B] 256 4.1cBSD late 1982 257 beta release, IPC [44B] 258 4.2BSD 1983-09-xx [QCU] 259 1983-08-03 [DOC] 260 4.3BSD 1986-06-xx [QCU] 261 1986-04-05 [KB], [DOC] 262 4.3BSD Tahoe 1988-06-15 [QCU], [DOC] 263 4.3BSD NET/1 1988-11-xx [QCU] 264 1989-01-01 [DOC] 265 4.3BSD Reno 1990-06-29 [QCU], [DOC] 266 4.3BSD NET/2 1991-06-28 [QCU], [DOC] 267 268 BSD/386 ALPHA 1991-12-xx [BSDI] 269 first code released to people outside BSDI 270 386BSD 0.0 1992-02-xx [DOC] 271 BSD/386 0.3.1 1992-04-xx [BSDI] first ext. beta; B customers 272 BSD/386 0.3.3 1992-06-xx [BSDI] first CDROM version 273 386BSD 0.1 1992-07-28 [DOC] 274 4.4BSD Alpha 1992-07-07 275 BSD/386 0.9.3 1992-10-xx [BSDI] 276 first external gamma; G customers 277 BSD/386 0.9.4 1992-12-xx [BSDI] 278 would have been 1.0 except for request 279 for preliminary injunction 280 BSD/386 1.0 1993-03-xx [BSDI] 281 injunction denied; first official release 282 NetBSD 0.8 1993-04-20 [NBD] 283 4.4BSD 1993-06-01 [USE] 284 NetBSD 0.9 1993-08-23 [NBD] 285 FreeBSD 1.0 1993-11-01 [FBD] 286 BSD/386 1.1 1994-02-xx [BSDI] 287 4.4BSD Lite 1994-03-01 [USE] 288 FreeBSD 1.1 1994-04-xx [FBD] 289 FreeBSD 1.1.5.1 1994-07-xx [FBD] 290 supersedes 1.1.5 3 days after release. 291 NetBSD 1.0 1994-10-26 [NBD] 292 386BSD 1.0 1994-11-12 [USE] 293 FreeBSD 2.0 1995-01-xx [FBD] 294 BSD/OS 2.0 1995-01-xx [BSDI] 4.4 lite based 295 FreeBSD 2.0.5 1995-06-10 [FBD] 296 BSD/OS 2.0.1 1995-06-xx [BSDI] 297 4.4BSD Lite Release 2 1995-06-xx [44B] 298 the true final distribution from the CSRG 299 FreeBSD 2.1.0 1995-11-19 [FBD] 300 NetBSD 1.1 1995-11-26 [NBD] 301 BSD/OS 2.1 1996-01-xx [BSDI] 302 FreeBSD 2.1.5 1996-07-14 [FBD] 303 NetBSD 1.2 1996-10-04 [NBD] 304 OpenBSD 2.0 1996-10-18 [OBD] 305 FreeBSD 2.1.6 1996-11-16 [FBD] 306 FreeBSD 2.1.6.1 1996-11-25 [FBD] (sendmail security release) 307 Rhapsody 1997-xx-xx 308 FreeBSD 2.1.7 1997-02-20 [FBD] 309 BSD/OS 3.0 1997-02-xx [BSDI] 4.4 lite2 based 310 FreeBSD 2.2.0 1997-03-16 [FBD] 311 FreeBSD 2.2.1 1997-03-25 [FBD] 312 FreeBSD 2.2.2 1997-05-16 [FBD] 313 NetBSD 1.2.1 1997-05-20 [NBD] (patch release) 314 OpenBSD 2.1 1997-06-01 [OBD] 315 FreeBSD 2.2.5 1997-10-22 [FBD] 316 OpenBSD 2.2 1997-12-01 [OBD] 317 NetBSD 1.3 1998-01-04 [NBD] 318 FreeBSD 2.2.6 1998-03-25 [FBD] 319 NetBSD 1.3.1 1998-03-09 [NBD] (patch release) 320 BSD/OS 3.1 1998-03-xx [BSDI] 321 OpenBSD 2.3 1998-05-19 [OBD] 322 NetBSD 1.3.2 1998-05-29 [NBD] (patch release) 323 FreeBSD 2.2.7 1998-07-22 [FBD] 324 BSD/OS 4.0 1998-08-xx [BSDI] 325 2-lock MP support, ELF executables 326 FreeBSD 3.0 1998-10-16 [FBD] 327 FreeBSD-3.0 is a snapshot from -current, 328 while 3.1 and 3.2 are from 3.x-stable which 329 was branched quite some time after 3.0-release 330 FreeBSD 2.2.8 1998-11-29 [FBD] 331 OpenBSD 2.4 1998-12-01 [OBD] 332 NetBSD 1.3.3 1998-12-23 [NBD] (patch release) 333 FreeBSD 3.1 1999-02-15 [FBD] 334 BSD/OS 4.0.1 1999-03-xx [BSDI] 335 NetBSD 1.4 1999-05-12 [NBD] 336 FreeBSD 3.2 1999-05-17 [FBD] 337 OpenBSD 2.5 1999-05-19 [OBD] 338 NetBSD 1.4.1 1999-08-26 [NBD] (patch release) 339 FreeBSD 3.3 1999-09-17 [FBD] 340 OpenBSD 2.6 1999-12-01 [OBD] 341 FreeBSD 3.4 1999-12-20 [FBD] 342 BSD/OS 4.1 1999-12-xx [BSDI] 343 FreeBSD 4.0 2000-03-13 [FBD] 344 NetBSD 1.4.2 2000-03-19 [NBD] (patch release) 345 OpenBSD 2.7 2000-06-15 [OBD] 346 FreeBSD 3.5 2000-06-24 [FBD] 347 FreeBSD 4.1 2000-07-27 [FBD] 348 FreeBSD 3.5.1 2000-07-28 [FBD] 349 FreeBSD 4.1.1 2000-09-25 [FBD] (a network-only patch release) 350 FreeBSD 4.2 2000-11-21 [FBD] 351 NetBSD 1.4.3 2000-11-25 [NBD] (patch release) 352 BSD/OS 4.2 2000-11-29 [BSDI] 353 OpenBSD 2.8 2000-12-01 [OBD] 354 NetBSD 1.5 2000-12-06 [NBD] 355 Mac OS X 10.0 2001-03-24 [APL] 356 FreeBSD 4.3 2001-04-20 [FBD] 357 OpenBSD 2.9 2001-06-01 [OBD] 358 NetBSD 1.5.1 2001-07-11 [NBD] (patch release) 359 NetBSD 1.5.2 2001-09-13 [NBD] (patch release) 360 FreeBSD 4.4 2001-09-18 [FBD] 361 Mac OS X 10.1 2001-09-29 [APL] 362 OpenBSD 3.0 2001-12-01 [OBD] 363 FreeBSD 4.5 2002-01-29 [FBD] 364 BSD/OS 4.3 2002-03-14 [WRS] 365 OpenBSD 3.1 2002-05-19 [OBD] 366 FreeBSD 4.6 2002-06-15 [FBD] 367 NetBSD 1.5.3 2002-07-22 [NBD] (patch release) 368 FreeBSD 4.6.2 2002-08-15 [FBD] (patch release) 369 Mac OS X 10.2 2002-08-23 [APL] 370 NetBSD 1.6 2002-09-14 [NBD] 371 FreeBSD 4.7 2002-10-08 [FBD] 372 OpenBSD 3.2 2002-11-01 [OBD] 373 FreeBSD 5.0 2003-01-17 [FBD] 374 FreeBSD 5.0 is a separate branch off of 375 -current, similar to 3.0. 376 FreeBSD 4.8 2003-04-03 [FBD] 377 NetBSD 1.6.1 2003-04-21 [NBD] (patch release) 378 OpenBSD 3.3 2003-05-01 [OBD] 379 BSD/OS 5.0 2003-05-?? [WRS] 380 FreeBSD 5.1 2003-06-09 [FBD] 381 382 383 Bibliography 384 ------------------------ 385 386 Leffler, Samuel J., Marshall Kirk McKusick, Michael J Karels and John 387 Quarterman. The Design and Implementation of the 4.3BSD UNIX Operating 388 System. Reading, Mass. Addison-Wesley, 1989. ISBN 0-201-06196-1 389 390 Salus, Peter H. A quarter century of UNIX. Addison-Wesley Publishing 391 Company, Inc., 1994. ISBN 0-201-54777-5 392 393 McKusick, Marshall Kirk, Keith Bostic, Michael J Karels, and John 394 Quarterman. The Design and Implementation of the 4.4BSD Operating 395 System. Reading, Mass. Addison-Wesley, 1996. ISBN 0-201-54979-4 396 397 Doug McIlroy. Research Unix Reader. 398 399 Michael G. Brown. The Role of BSD in the Development of Unix. 400 Presented to the Tasmanian Unix Special Interest Group of the 401 Australian Computer Society, Hobart, August 1993. 402 403 Peter H. Salus. Unix at 25. Byte Magazine, October 1994. 404 URL: http://www.byte.com/art/9410/sec8/art3.htm (unreachable) 405 406 Andreas Klemm, Lars Kller. If you're going to San Francisco ... 407 Die freien BSD-Varianten von Unix. c't April 1997, page 368ff. 408 409 BSD Release Announcements collection. 410 URL: http://www.de.FreeBSD.org/de/ftp/releases/ 411 412 BSD Hypertext Man Pages 413 URL: http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi 414 415 UNIX history graphing project 416 URL: http://minnie.tuhs.org/Unix_History/index.html 417 418 UNIX history 419 URL: http://www.levenez.com/unix/ 420 421 James Howard: The BSD Family Tree 422 URL: http://www.daemonnews.org/200104/bsd_family.html 423 ("what are the differences between FreeBSD, NetBSD, and OpenBSD?") 424 425 426 Acknowledgments 427 --------------- 428 429 Josh Gilliam for suggestions, bug fixes, and finding very old 430 original BSD announcements from Usenet or tapes. 431 432 Steven M. Schultz for providing 2.8BSD, 2.10BSD, 2.11BSD manual pages. 433 434 -- 435 Copyright (c) 1997-2001 Wolfram Schneider <wosch (a] FreeBSD.ORG> 436 URL: ftp://ftp.freebsd.org/pub/FreeBSD/branches/-current/src/share/misc/bsd-family-tree 437 438 $FreeBSD: src/share/misc/bsd-family-tree,v 1.73 2003/08/21 16:48:38 murray Exp $ 439
Indexes created Wed Nov 05 01:09:58 GMT 2025