bsd-family-tree revision 1.23
1 The UNIX system family tree: Research and BSD 2 --------------------------------------------- 3 4 First Edition (V1) 5 | 6 Second Edition (V2) 7 | 8 Third Edition (V3) 9 | 10 Fourth Edition (V4) 11 | 12 Fifth Edition (V5) 13 | 14 Sixth Edition (V6) -----* 15 \ | 16 \ | 17 \ | 18 Seventh Edition (V7) | 19 \ | 20 \ 1BSD 21 32V | 22 \ 2BSD---------------* 23 \ / | 24 \ / | 25 \/ | 26 3BSD | 27 | | 28 4.0BSD 2.7.9BSD 29 | | 30 4.1BSD --------------> 2.8BSD 31 | | 32 4.1aBSD -----------\ | 33 | \ | 34 4.1bBSD \ | 35 | \ | 36 *------ 4.1cBSD --------------> 2.9BSD 37 / | | 38 Eighth Edition | 2.9BSD-Seismo 39 | | | 40 +----<--- 4.2BSD 2.9.1BSD 41 | | | 42 +----<--- 4.3BSD -------------> 2.10BSD 43 | | / | 44 Ninth Edition | / 2.10.1BSD 45 | 4.3BSD Tahoe-----+ | 46 | | \ | 47 | | \ | 48 v | 2.11BSD 49 Tenth Edition | | 50 | 2.11BSD rev #430 51 4.3BSD NET/1 | 52 | v 53 4.3BSD Reno 54 | 55 *---------- 4.3BSD NET/2 -------------------+-------------* 56 | | | | 57 386BSD 0.0 | | BSD/386 ALPHA 58 | | | | 59 386BSD 0.1 ------------>+ | BSD/386 0.3.[13] 60 | \ | 4.4BSD Alpha | 61 | 386BSD 1.0 | | BSD/386 0.9.[34] 62 | | 4.4BSD | 63 | | / | | 64 | | 4.4BSD-Encumbered | | 65 | NetBSD 0.8 | BSD/386 1.0 66 | | | | 67 FreeBSD 1.0 NetBSD 0.9 | BSD/386 1.1 68 | | .----- 4.4BSD Lite | 69 FreeBSD 1.1 | / / | \ | 70 | | / / | \ | 71 FreeBSD 1.1.5 .---|--------' / | \ | 72 | / | / | \ | 73 FreeBSD 1.1.5.1 / | / | \ | 74 | / NetBSD 1.0 <-' | \ | 75 | / | | \ | 76 FreeBSD 2.0 <--' | | BSD/OS 2.0 77 | \ | | 78 FreeBSD 2.0.5 \ | BSD/OS 2.0.1 79 | .-----\------------- 4.4BSD Lite2 | 80 | | \ | | | | | 81 | | .-----|------Rhapsody | | | | 82 | | | | NetBSD 1.3 | | | 83 | | | | OpenBSD 2.3 | | 84 | | | | BSD/OS 3.0 | 85 FreeBSD 2.1 | | | | 86 | | | | NetBSD 1.1 ------. BSD/OS 2.1 87 | FreeBSD 2.1.5 | | | \ | 88 | | | | NetBSD 1.2 \ BSD/OS 3.0 89 | FreeBSD 2.1.6 | | | \ OpenBSD 2.0 | 90 | | | | | \ | | 91 | FreeBSD 2.1.6.1 | | | \ | | 92 | | | | | \ | | 93 | FreeBSD 2.1.7 | | | | | | 94 | | | | | NetBSD 1.2.1 | | 95 | FreeBSD 2.1.7.1 | | | | | 96 | | | | | | 97 | | | | | | 98 *-FreeBSD 2.2 | | | | | 99 | \ | | | | | 100 | FreeBSD 2.2.1 | | | | | 101 | | | | | | | 102 | FreeBSD 2.2.2 | | | OpenBSD 2.1 | 103 | | | | | | | 104 | FreeBSD 2.2.5 | | | | | 105 | | | | | OpenBSD 2.2 | 106 | | | | NetBSD 1.3 | | 107 | FreeBSD 2.2.6 | | | | | | 108 | | | | | NetBSD 1.3.1 | BSD/OS 3.1 109 | | | | | | OpenBSD 2.3 | 110 | | | | | NetBSD 1.3.2 | | 111 | FreeBSD 2.2.7 | | | | | | 112 | | | | | | | BSD/OS 4.0 113 | v | | | | | | 114 | FreeBSD 2.2.8 | | | | | | 115 | | | | | OpenBSD 2.4 | 116 FreeBSD 3.0 <--------* | | v | | 117 | | | NetBSD 1.3.3 | | 118 *---FreeBSD 3.1 | | | | 119 | | | | | BSD/OS 4.0.1 120 | FreeBSD 3.2----* | NetBSD 1.4 OpenBSD 2.5 | 121 | | | | | | | | | 122 | | | | | | | | | 123 | | | | | | | | | 124 | FreeBSD 3.3 | | | | NetBSD 1.4.1 | | 125 | | | | | | | OpenBSD 2.6 | 126 | FreeBSD 3.4 | | | | | | | 127 | | | | | | | | BSD/OS 4.1 128 FreeBSD 4.0 | | | | | NetBSD 1.4.2 | | 129 | | | | | | | | | 130 | | | | | | | | | 131 | FreeBSD 3.5 | | | | | OpenBSD 2.7 | 132 | | | | | | | | | 133 | FreeBSD 3.5.1 | | | | | | | 134 | | | | | | | | 135 *---FreeBSD 4.1 | | | | | | | 136 | | | | (?) | | | | 137 | FreeBSD 4.1.1 | | / | | | | 138 | | | | / | | | | 139 | FreeBSD 4.2 Darwin/ | NetBSD 1.4.3 | | 140 | | Mac OS X | | OpenBSD 2.8 BSD/OS 4.2 141 | | | | v | | 142 | | | | | | 143 | | 10.0 NetBSD 1.5 | | 144 | FreeBSD 4.3 | | | | | 145 | | | | | OpenBSD 2.9 | 146 | | | | NetBSD 1.5.1 | | 147 | | | | | | | 148 | FreeBSD 4.4-. | | NetBSD 1.5.2 | | 149 | | | Mac OS X | | | | 150 | | | 10.1 | | OpenBSD 3.0 | 151 | FreeBSD 4.5 | | | | | | 152 | | \ | | | | BSD/OS 4.3 153 | FreeBSD 4.6 \ | | | OpenBSD 3.1 | 154 | | \ | | NetBSD 1.5.3 | | 155 | FreeBSD 4.6.2 Mac OS X | | | | 156 | | 10.2 | v | | 157 | FreeBSD 4.7 | | | | 158 | | | NetBSD 1.6 OpenBSD 3.2 | 159 | FreeBSD 4.8 | | | | | 160 | | | | NetBSD 1.6.1 | | 161 | |--------. | | | OpenBSD 3.3 BSD/OS 5.0 162 | | \ | | | | | 163 | FreeBSD 4.9 | | | | OpenBSD 3.4 BSD/OS 5.1 ISE 164 | | | | | | | 165 | | | | | NetBSD 1.6.2 | 166 | | | | | | | 167 | | | | | | OpenBSD 3.5 168 | | | | | v | 169 | FreeBSD 4.10 | | | | 170 | | | | | | 171 | FreeBSD 4.11 | | | | 172 | | | | | | 173 | v `-|------|-----------------|---------------------. 174 | | | | \ 175 FreeBSD 5.0 | | | | 176 | | | | | 177 FreeBSD 5.1 | | | DragonFly 1.0 178 | \ | | | | 179 | ----- Mac OS X | | | 180 | 10.3 | | | 181 FreeBSD 5.2 | | | | 182 | | | | | | 183 | FreeBSD 5.2.1 | | | | 184 | | | | | 185 *---FreeBSD 5.3 | | | | 186 | | | | OpenBSD 3.6 | 187 | v | NetBSD 2.0 | | 188 | | | | | 189 FreeBSD 6 -current | NetBSD -current OpenBSD -current | 190 | | | | | 191 v v v v v 192 193 Time 194 ---------------- 195 196 Time tolerance +/- 6 months, depending on which book/article you read; if it 197 was the announcement in Usenet or if it was available as tape. 198 199 [44B] McKusick, Marshall Kirk, Keith Bostic, Michael J Karels, 200 and John Quarterman. The Design and Implementation of 201 the 4.4BSD Operating System. 202 [APL] Apple website [http://www.apple.com/macosx/] 203 [BSDI] Berkeley Software Design, Inc. 204 [DFD] DragonFlyBSD Project, The. 205 [DOC] README, COPYRIGHT on tape. 206 [FBD] FreeBSD Project, The. 207 [KB] Keith Bostic. BSD2.10 available from Usenix. comp.unix.sources, 208 Volume 11, Info 4, April, 1987. 209 [KKK] Mike Karels, Kirk McKusick, and Keith Bostic. tahoe announcement. 210 comp.bugs.4bsd.ucb-fixes, June 15, 1988. 211 [KSJ] Michael J. Karels, Carl F. Smith, and William F. Jolitz. 212 Changes in the Kernel in 2.9BSD. Second Berkeley Software 213 Distribution UNIX Version 2.9, July, 1983. 214 [NBD] NetBSD Project, The. 215 [OBD] OpenBSD Project, The. 216 [QCU] Salus, Peter H. A quarter century of UNIX. 217 [SMS] Steven M. Schultz. 2.11BSD, UNIX for the PDP-11. 218 [USE] Usenet announcement. 219 [WRS] Wind River Systems, Inc. 220 [dmr] Dennis Ritchie, via E-Mail 221 222 Multics 1965 223 UNIX Summer 1969 224 DEC PDP-7 225 First Edition 1971-11-03 [QCU] 226 DEC PDP-11/20, Assembler 227 Second Edition 1972-06-12 [QCU] 228 10 UNIX installations 229 Third Edition 1973-02-xx [QCU] 230 Pipes, 16 installations 231 Fourth Edition 1973-11-xx [QCU] 232 rewriting in C effected, 233 above 30 installations 234 Fifth Edition 1974-06-xx [QCU] 235 above 50 installations 236 Sixth Edition 1975-05-xx [QCU] 237 port to DEC Vax 238 Seventh Edition 1979-01-xx [QCU] 239 first portable UNIX 240 Eighth Edition 1985-02-xx [QCU] 241 VAX 11/750, VAX 11/780 [dmr] 242 descended from 4.1c BSD [dmr] 243 descended from 4.1 BSD [44B] 244 scooping-out and replacement of the character-device 245 and networking part by the streams mechanism 246 247 Ninth Edition 1986-09-xx [QCU] 248 Tenth Edition 1989-10-xx [QCU] 249 250 1BSD late 1977 251 1978-03-09 [QCU] 252 PDP-11, Pascal, ex(1) 253 30 free copies of 1BSD sent out 254 35 tapes sold for 50 USD [QCU] 255 2BSD mid 1978 [QCU] 256 75 2BSD tapes shipped 257 2.7.9BSD ?? [SMS] 258 2.8BSD 1981-07-xx [KSJ] 259 260 2.8.1BSD 1982-01-xx [QCU] 261 set of performance improvements 262 2.9BSD 1983-07-xx [KSJ] 263 2.9.1BSD 1983-11-xx 264 2.9BSD-Seismo 1985-08-xx [SMS] 265 2.10BSD 1987-04-xx [KKK] 266 2.10.1BSD 1989-01-xx [SMS] 267 2.11BSD 1992-02-xx [SMS] 268 2.11BSD rev #430 1999-12-13 [SMS] 269 270 32V 1978-1[01]-xx [QCU] 271 3BSD late 1979 [QCU] 272 virtual memory, page replacement, 273 demand paging 274 4.0BSD 1980-10-xx 275 4.1BSD 1981-07-08 [DOC] 276 4.1aBSD 1982-04-xx 277 alpha release, 100 sites, networking [44B] 278 4.1bBSD internal release, fast filesystem [44B] 279 4.1cBSD late 1982 280 beta release, IPC [44B] 281 4.2BSD 1983-09-xx [QCU] 282 1983-08-03 [DOC] 283 4.3BSD 1986-06-xx [QCU] 284 1986-04-05 [KB], [DOC] 285 4.3BSD Tahoe 1988-06-15 [QCU], [DOC] 286 4.3BSD NET/1 1988-11-xx [QCU] 287 1989-01-01 [DOC] 288 4.3BSD Reno 1990-06-29 [QCU], [DOC] 289 4.3BSD NET/2 1991-06-28 [QCU], [DOC] 290 291 BSD/386 ALPHA 1991-12-xx [BSDI] 292 first code released to people outside BSDI 293 386BSD 0.0 1992-02-xx [DOC] 294 BSD/386 0.3.1 1992-04-xx [BSDI] first ext. beta; B customers 295 BSD/386 0.3.3 1992-06-xx [BSDI] first CDROM version 296 386BSD 0.1 1992-07-28 [DOC] 297 4.4BSD Alpha 1992-07-07 298 BSD/386 0.9.3 1992-10-xx [BSDI] 299 first external gamma; G customers 300 BSD/386 0.9.4 1992-12-xx [BSDI] 301 would have been 1.0 except for request 302 for preliminary injunction 303 BSD/386 1.0 1993-03-xx [BSDI] 304 injunction denied; first official release 305 NetBSD 0.8 1993-04-20 [NBD] 306 4.4BSD 1993-06-01 [USE] 307 NetBSD 0.9 1993-08-23 [NBD] 308 FreeBSD 1.0 1993-11-01 [FBD] 309 BSD/386 1.1 1994-02-xx [BSDI] 310 4.4BSD Lite 1994-03-01 [USE] 311 FreeBSD 1.1 1994-04-xx [FBD] 312 FreeBSD 1.1.5.1 1994-07-xx [FBD] 313 supersedes 1.1.5 3 days after release. 314 NetBSD 1.0 1994-10-26 [NBD] 315 386BSD 1.0 1994-11-12 [USE] 316 FreeBSD 2.0 1995-01-xx [FBD] 317 BSD/OS 2.0 1995-01-xx [BSDI] 4.4 lite based 318 FreeBSD 2.0.5 1995-06-10 [FBD] 319 BSD/OS 2.0.1 1995-06-xx [BSDI] 320 4.4BSD Lite Release 2 1995-06-xx [44B] 321 the true final distribution from the CSRG 322 FreeBSD 2.1.0 1995-11-19 [FBD] 323 NetBSD 1.1 1995-11-26 [NBD] 324 BSD/OS 2.1 1996-01-xx [BSDI] 325 FreeBSD 2.1.5 1996-07-14 [FBD] 326 NetBSD 1.2 1996-10-04 [NBD] 327 OpenBSD 2.0 1996-10-18 [OBD] 328 FreeBSD 2.1.6 1996-11-16 [FBD] 329 FreeBSD 2.1.6.1 1996-11-25 [FBD] (sendmail security release) 330 Rhapsody 1997-xx-xx 331 FreeBSD 2.1.7 1997-02-20 [FBD] 332 BSD/OS 3.0 1997-02-xx [BSDI] 4.4 lite2 based 333 FreeBSD 2.2.0 1997-03-16 [FBD] 334 FreeBSD 2.2.1 1997-03-25 [FBD] 335 FreeBSD 2.2.2 1997-05-16 [FBD] 336 NetBSD 1.2.1 1997-05-20 [NBD] (patch release) 337 OpenBSD 2.1 1997-06-01 [OBD] 338 FreeBSD 2.2.5 1997-10-22 [FBD] 339 OpenBSD 2.2 1997-12-01 [OBD] 340 NetBSD 1.3 1998-01-04 [NBD] 341 FreeBSD 2.2.6 1998-03-25 [FBD] 342 NetBSD 1.3.1 1998-03-09 [NBD] (patch release) 343 BSD/OS 3.1 1998-03-xx [BSDI] 344 OpenBSD 2.3 1998-05-19 [OBD] 345 NetBSD 1.3.2 1998-05-29 [NBD] (patch release) 346 FreeBSD 2.2.7 1998-07-22 [FBD] 347 BSD/OS 4.0 1998-08-xx [BSDI] 348 2-lock MP support, ELF executables 349 FreeBSD 3.0 1998-10-16 [FBD] 350 FreeBSD-3.0 is a snapshot from -current, 351 while 3.1 and 3.2 are from 3.x-stable which 352 was branched quite some time after 3.0-release 353 FreeBSD 2.2.8 1998-11-29 [FBD] 354 OpenBSD 2.4 1998-12-01 [OBD] 355 NetBSD 1.3.3 1998-12-23 [NBD] (patch release) 356 FreeBSD 3.1 1999-02-15 [FBD] 357 BSD/OS 4.0.1 1999-03-xx [BSDI] 358 NetBSD 1.4 1999-05-12 [NBD] 359 FreeBSD 3.2 1999-05-17 [FBD] 360 OpenBSD 2.5 1999-05-19 [OBD] 361 NetBSD 1.4.1 1999-08-26 [NBD] (patch release) 362 FreeBSD 3.3 1999-09-17 [FBD] 363 OpenBSD 2.6 1999-12-01 [OBD] 364 FreeBSD 3.4 1999-12-20 [FBD] 365 BSD/OS 4.1 1999-12-xx [BSDI] 366 FreeBSD 4.0 2000-03-13 [FBD] 367 NetBSD 1.4.2 2000-03-19 [NBD] (patch release) 368 OpenBSD 2.7 2000-06-15 [OBD] 369 FreeBSD 3.5 2000-06-24 [FBD] 370 FreeBSD 4.1 2000-07-27 [FBD] 371 FreeBSD 3.5.1 2000-07-28 [FBD] 372 FreeBSD 4.1.1 2000-09-25 [FBD] (a network-only patch release) 373 FreeBSD 4.2 2000-11-21 [FBD] 374 NetBSD 1.4.3 2000-11-25 [NBD] (patch release) 375 BSD/OS 4.2 2000-11-29 [BSDI] 376 OpenBSD 2.8 2000-12-01 [OBD] 377 NetBSD 1.5 2000-12-06 [NBD] 378 Mac OS X 10.0 2001-03-24 [APL] 379 FreeBSD 4.3 2001-04-20 [FBD] 380 OpenBSD 2.9 2001-06-01 [OBD] 381 NetBSD 1.5.1 2001-07-11 [NBD] (patch release) 382 NetBSD 1.5.2 2001-09-13 [NBD] (patch release) 383 FreeBSD 4.4 2001-09-18 [FBD] 384 Mac OS X 10.1 2001-09-29 [APL] 385 OpenBSD 3.0 2001-12-01 [OBD] 386 FreeBSD 4.5 2002-01-29 [FBD] 387 BSD/OS 4.3 2002-03-14 [WRS] 388 OpenBSD 3.1 2002-05-19 [OBD] 389 FreeBSD 4.6 2002-06-15 [FBD] 390 NetBSD 1.5.3 2002-07-22 [NBD] (patch release) 391 FreeBSD 4.6.2 2002-08-15 [FBD] (patch release) 392 Mac OS X 10.2 2002-08-23 [APL] 393 NetBSD 1.6 2002-09-14 [NBD] 394 FreeBSD 4.7 2002-10-08 [FBD] 395 OpenBSD 3.2 2002-11-01 [OBD] 396 FreeBSD 5.0 2003-01-17 [FBD] 397 FreeBSD 5.0 is a separate branch off of 398 -current, similar to 3.0. 399 FreeBSD 4.8 2003-04-03 [FBD] 400 NetBSD 1.6.1 2003-04-21 [NBD] (patch release) 401 OpenBSD 3.3 2003-05-01 [OBD] 402 BSD/OS 5.0 2003-05-?? [WRS] 403 FreeBSD 5.1 2003-06-09 [FBD] 404 Mac OS X 10.3 2003-10-24 [APL] 405 FreeBSD 4.9 2003-10-28 [FBD] 406 BSD/OS 5.1 ISE 2003-10-?? [WRS] (final version) 407 OpenBSD 3.4 2003-11-01 [OBD] 408 FreeBSD 5.2 2004-01-12 [FBD] 409 FreeBSD 5.2.1 2004-02-22 [FBD] (patch release) 410 NetBSD 1.6.2 2004-03-01 [NBD] (patch release) 411 OpenBSD 3.5 2004-04-01 [OBD] 412 FreeBSD 4.10 2004-05-27 [FBD] 413 DragonFly 1.0 2004-07-12 [DFD] 414 OpenBSD 3.6 2004-10-29 [OBD] 415 FreeBSD 5.3 2004-11-06 [FBD] 416 NetBSD 2.0 2004-12-09 [NBD] 417 FreeBSD 4.11 2005-01-25 [FBD] 418 419 Bibliography 420 ------------------------ 421 422 Leffler, Samuel J., Marshall Kirk McKusick, Michael J Karels and John 423 Quarterman. The Design and Implementation of the 4.3BSD UNIX Operating 424 System. Reading, Mass. Addison-Wesley, 1989. ISBN 0-201-06196-1 425 426 Salus, Peter H. A quarter century of UNIX. Addison-Wesley Publishing 427 Company, Inc., 1994. ISBN 0-201-54777-5 428 429 McKusick, Marshall Kirk, Keith Bostic, Michael J Karels, and John 430 Quarterman. The Design and Implementation of the 4.4BSD Operating 431 System. Reading, Mass. Addison-Wesley, 1996. ISBN 0-201-54979-4 432 433 McKusick, Marshall Kirk, George Neville-Neil. The Design and 434 Implementation of the FreeBSD Operating System. 435 Addison-Wesley Professional, Published: Aug 2, 2004. ISBN 0-201-70245-2 436 437 Doug McIlroy. Research Unix Reader. 438 439 Michael G. Brown. The Role of BSD in the Development of Unix. 440 Presented to the Tasmanian Unix Special Interest Group of the 441 Australian Computer Society, Hobart, August 1993. 442 443 Peter H. Salus. Unix at 25. Byte Magazine, October 1994. 444 URL: http://www.byte.com/art/9410/sec8/art3.htm (unreachable) 445 446 Andreas Klemm, Lars Kller. If you're going to San Francisco ... 447 Die freien BSD-Varianten von Unix. c't April 1997, page 368ff. 448 449 BSD Release Announcements collection. 450 URL: http://www.de.FreeBSD.org/de/ftp/releases/ 451 452 BSD Hypertext Man Pages 453 URL: http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi 454 455 UNIX history graphing project 456 URL: http://minnie.tuhs.org/Unix_History/index.html 457 458 UNIX history 459 URL: http://www.levenez.com/unix/ 460 461 James Howard: The BSD Family Tree 462 URL: http://www.daemonnews.org/200104/bsd_family.html 463 ("what are the differences between FreeBSD, NetBSD, and OpenBSD?") 464 465 466 Acknowledgments 467 --------------- 468 469 Josh Gilliam for suggestions, bug fixes, and finding very old 470 original BSD announcements from Usenet or tapes. 471 472 Steven M. Schultz for providing 2.8BSD, 2.10BSD, 2.11BSD manual pages. 473 474 -- 475 Copyright (c) 1997-2004 Wolfram Schneider <wosch (a] FreeBSD.ORG> 476 URL: http://cvsweb.freebsd.org/src/share/misc/bsd-family-tree 477 478 $FreeBSD: src/share/misc/bsd-family-tree,v 1.88 2005/01/25 19:16:09 maxim Exp $ 479
Indexes created Wed Nov 05 01:09:58 GMT 2025