bsd-family-tree revision 1.24
1 The UNIX system family tree: Research and BSD 2 --------------------------------------------- 3 4 First Edition (V1) 5 | 6 Second Edition (V2) 7 | 8 Third Edition (V3) 9 | 10 Fourth Edition (V4) 11 | 12 Fifth Edition (V5) 13 | 14 Sixth Edition (V6) -----* 15 \ | 16 \ | 17 \ | 18 Seventh Edition (V7) | 19 \ | 20 \ 1BSD 21 32V | 22 \ 2BSD---------------* 23 \ / | 24 \ / | 25 \/ | 26 3BSD | 27 | | 28 4.0BSD 2.7.9BSD 29 | | 30 4.1BSD --------------> 2.8BSD 31 | | 32 4.1aBSD -----------\ | 33 | \ | 34 4.1bBSD \ | 35 | \ | 36 *------ 4.1cBSD --------------> 2.9BSD 37 / | | 38 Eighth Edition | 2.9BSD-Seismo 39 | | | 40 +----<--- 4.2BSD 2.9.1BSD 41 | | | 42 +----<--- 4.3BSD -------------> 2.10BSD 43 | | / | 44 Ninth Edition | / 2.10.1BSD 45 | 4.3BSD Tahoe-----+ | 46 | | \ | 47 | | \ | 48 v | 2.11BSD 49 Tenth Edition | | 50 | 2.11BSD rev #430 51 4.3BSD NET/1 | 52 | v 53 4.3BSD Reno 54 | 55 *---------- 4.3BSD NET/2 -------------------+-------------* 56 | | | | 57 386BSD 0.0 | | BSD/386 ALPHA 58 | | | | 59 386BSD 0.1 ------------>+ | BSD/386 0.3.[13] 60 | \ | 4.4BSD Alpha | 61 | 386BSD 1.0 | | BSD/386 0.9.[34] 62 | | 4.4BSD | 63 | | / | | 64 | | 4.4BSD-Encumbered | | 65 | NetBSD 0.8 | BSD/386 1.0 66 | | | | 67 FreeBSD 1.0 NetBSD 0.9 | BSD/386 1.1 68 | | .----- 4.4BSD Lite | 69 FreeBSD 1.1 | / / | \ | 70 | | / / | \ | 71 FreeBSD 1.1.5 .---|--------' / | \ | 72 | / | / | \ | 73 FreeBSD 1.1.5.1 / | / | \ | 74 | / NetBSD 1.0 <-' | \ | 75 | / | | \ | 76 FreeBSD 2.0 <--' | | BSD/OS 2.0 77 | \ | | 78 FreeBSD 2.0.5 \ | BSD/OS 2.0.1 79 | .-----\------------- 4.4BSD Lite2 | 80 | | \ | | | | | 81 | | .-----|------Rhapsody | | | | 82 | | | | NetBSD 1.3 | | | 83 | | | | OpenBSD 2.3 | | 84 | | | | BSD/OS 3.0 | 85 FreeBSD 2.1 | | | | 86 | | | | NetBSD 1.1 ------. BSD/OS 2.1 87 | FreeBSD 2.1.5 | | | \ | 88 | | | | NetBSD 1.2 \ BSD/OS 3.0 89 | FreeBSD 2.1.6 | | | \ OpenBSD 2.0 | 90 | | | | | \ | | 91 | FreeBSD 2.1.6.1 | | | \ | | 92 | | | | | \ | | 93 | FreeBSD 2.1.7 | | | | | | 94 | | | | | NetBSD 1.2.1 | | 95 | FreeBSD 2.1.7.1 | | | | | 96 | | | | | | 97 | | | | | | 98 *-FreeBSD 2.2 | | | | | 99 | \ | | | | | 100 | FreeBSD 2.2.1 | | | | | 101 | | | | | | | 102 | FreeBSD 2.2.2 | | | OpenBSD 2.1 | 103 | | | | | | | 104 | FreeBSD 2.2.5 | | | | | 105 | | | | | OpenBSD 2.2 | 106 | | | | NetBSD 1.3 | | 107 | FreeBSD 2.2.6 | | | | | | 108 | | | | | NetBSD 1.3.1 | BSD/OS 3.1 109 | | | | | | OpenBSD 2.3 | 110 | | | | | NetBSD 1.3.2 | | 111 | FreeBSD 2.2.7 | | | | | | 112 | | | | | | | BSD/OS 4.0 113 | v | | | | | | 114 | FreeBSD 2.2.8 | | | | | | 115 | | | | | OpenBSD 2.4 | 116 FreeBSD 3.0 <--------* | | v | | 117 | | | NetBSD 1.3.3 | | 118 *---FreeBSD 3.1 | | | | 119 | | | | | BSD/OS 4.0.1 120 | FreeBSD 3.2----* | NetBSD 1.4 OpenBSD 2.5 | 121 | | | | | | | | | 122 | | | | | | | | | 123 | | | | | | | | | 124 | FreeBSD 3.3 | | | | NetBSD 1.4.1 | | 125 | | | | | | | OpenBSD 2.6 | 126 | FreeBSD 3.4 | | | | | | | 127 | | | | | | | | BSD/OS 4.1 128 FreeBSD 4.0 | | | | | NetBSD 1.4.2 | | 129 | | | | | | | | | 130 | | | | | | | | | 131 | FreeBSD 3.5 | | | | | OpenBSD 2.7 | 132 | | | | | | | | | 133 | FreeBSD 3.5.1 | | | | | | | 134 | | | | | | | | 135 *---FreeBSD 4.1 | | | | | | | 136 | | | | (?) | | | | 137 | FreeBSD 4.1.1 | | / | | | | 138 | | | | / | | | | 139 | FreeBSD 4.2 Darwin/ | NetBSD 1.4.3 | | 140 | | Mac OS X | | OpenBSD 2.8 BSD/OS 4.2 141 | | | | v | | 142 | | | | | | 143 | | 10.0 NetBSD 1.5 | | 144 | FreeBSD 4.3 | | | | | 145 | | | | | OpenBSD 2.9 | 146 | | | | NetBSD 1.5.1 | | 147 | | | | | | | 148 | FreeBSD 4.4-. | | NetBSD 1.5.2 | | 149 | | | Mac OS X | | | | 150 | | | 10.1 | | OpenBSD 3.0 | 151 | FreeBSD 4.5 | | | | | | 152 | | \ | | | | BSD/OS 4.3 153 | FreeBSD 4.6 \ | | | OpenBSD 3.1 | 154 | | \ | | NetBSD 1.5.3 | | 155 | FreeBSD 4.6.2 Mac OS X | | | | 156 | | 10.2 | v | | 157 | FreeBSD 4.7 | | | | 158 | | | NetBSD 1.6 OpenBSD 3.2 | 159 | FreeBSD 4.8 | | | | | 160 | | | | NetBSD 1.6.1 | | 161 | |--------. | | | OpenBSD 3.3 BSD/OS 5.0 162 | | \ | | | | | 163 | FreeBSD 4.9 | | | | OpenBSD 3.4 BSD/OS 5.1 ISE 164 | | | | | | | 165 | | | | | NetBSD 1.6.2 | 166 | | | | | | | 167 | | | | | | OpenBSD 3.5 168 | | | | | v | 169 | FreeBSD 4.10 | | | | 170 | | | | | | 171 | FreeBSD 4.11 | | | | 172 | | | | | | 173 | v `-|------|-----------------|---------------------. 174 | | | | \ 175 FreeBSD 5.0 | | | | 176 | | | | | 177 FreeBSD 5.1 | | | DragonFly 1.0 178 | \ | | | | 179 | ----- Mac OS X | | | 180 | 10.3 | | | 181 FreeBSD 5.2 | | | | 182 | | | | | | 183 | FreeBSD 5.2.1 | | | | 184 | | | | | 185 *---FreeBSD 5.3 | | | | 186 | | | | OpenBSD 3.6 | 187 | | | NetBSD 2.0 | | 188 | | | | | DragonFly 1.2.0 189 | | Mac OS X | | | 190 | FreeBSD 5.4 10.4 | | | 191 | | | | OpenBSD 3.7 | 192 | V | | | | 193 | | | | | 194 FreeBSD 6 -current | NetBSD -current OpenBSD -current | 195 | | | | | 196 v v v v v 197 198 Time 199 ---------------- 200 201 Time tolerance +/- 6 months, depending on which book/article you read; if it 202 was the announcement in Usenet or if it was available as tape. 203 204 [44B] McKusick, Marshall Kirk, Keith Bostic, Michael J Karels, 205 and John Quarterman. The Design and Implementation of 206 the 4.4BSD Operating System. 207 [APL] Apple website [http://www.apple.com/macosx/] 208 [BSDI] Berkeley Software Design, Inc. 209 [DFB] DragonFlyBSD Project, The. 210 [DOC] README, COPYRIGHT on tape. 211 [FBD] FreeBSD Project, The. 212 [KB] Keith Bostic. BSD2.10 available from Usenix. comp.unix.sources, 213 Volume 11, Info 4, April, 1987. 214 [KKK] Mike Karels, Kirk McKusick, and Keith Bostic. tahoe announcement. 215 comp.bugs.4bsd.ucb-fixes, June 15, 1988. 216 [KSJ] Michael J. Karels, Carl F. Smith, and William F. Jolitz. 217 Changes in the Kernel in 2.9BSD. Second Berkeley Software 218 Distribution UNIX Version 2.9, July, 1983. 219 [NBD] NetBSD Project, The. 220 [OBD] OpenBSD Project, The. 221 [QCU] Salus, Peter H. A quarter century of UNIX. 222 [SMS] Steven M. Schultz. 2.11BSD, UNIX for the PDP-11. 223 [USE] Usenet announcement. 224 [WRS] Wind River Systems, Inc. 225 [dmr] Dennis Ritchie, via E-Mail 226 227 Multics 1965 228 UNIX Summer 1969 229 DEC PDP-7 230 First Edition 1971-11-03 [QCU] 231 DEC PDP-11/20, Assembler 232 Second Edition 1972-06-12 [QCU] 233 10 UNIX installations 234 Third Edition 1973-02-xx [QCU] 235 Pipes, 16 installations 236 Fourth Edition 1973-11-xx [QCU] 237 rewriting in C effected, 238 above 30 installations 239 Fifth Edition 1974-06-xx [QCU] 240 above 50 installations 241 Sixth Edition 1975-05-xx [QCU] 242 port to DEC Vax 243 Seventh Edition 1979-01-xx [QCU] 244 first portable UNIX 245 Eighth Edition 1985-02-xx [QCU] 246 VAX 11/750, VAX 11/780 [dmr] 247 descended from 4.1c BSD [dmr] 248 descended from 4.1 BSD [44B] 249 scooping-out and replacement of the character-device 250 and networking part by the streams mechanism 251 252 Ninth Edition 1986-09-xx [QCU] 253 Tenth Edition 1989-10-xx [QCU] 254 255 1BSD late 1977 256 1978-03-09 [QCU] 257 PDP-11, Pascal, ex(1) 258 30 free copies of 1BSD sent out 259 35 tapes sold for 50 USD [QCU] 260 2BSD mid 1978 [QCU] 261 75 2BSD tapes shipped 262 2.7.9BSD ?? [SMS] 263 2.8BSD 1981-07-xx [KSJ] 264 265 2.8.1BSD 1982-01-xx [QCU] 266 set of performance improvements 267 2.9BSD 1983-07-xx [KSJ] 268 2.9.1BSD 1983-11-xx 269 2.9BSD-Seismo 1985-08-xx [SMS] 270 2.10BSD 1987-04-xx [KKK] 271 2.10.1BSD 1989-01-xx [SMS] 272 2.11BSD 1992-02-xx [SMS] 273 2.11BSD rev #430 1999-12-13 [SMS] 274 275 32V 1978-1[01]-xx [QCU] 276 3BSD late 1979 [QCU] 277 virtual memory, page replacement, 278 demand paging 279 4.0BSD 1980-10-xx 280 4.1BSD 1981-07-08 [DOC] 281 4.1aBSD 1982-04-xx 282 alpha release, 100 sites, networking [44B] 283 4.1bBSD internal release, fast filesystem [44B] 284 4.1cBSD late 1982 285 beta release, IPC [44B] 286 4.2BSD 1983-09-xx [QCU] 287 1983-08-03 [DOC] 288 4.3BSD 1986-06-xx [QCU] 289 1986-04-05 [KB], [DOC] 290 4.3BSD Tahoe 1988-06-15 [QCU], [DOC] 291 4.3BSD NET/1 1988-11-xx [QCU] 292 1989-01-01 [DOC] 293 4.3BSD Reno 1990-06-29 [QCU], [DOC] 294 4.3BSD NET/2 1991-06-28 [QCU], [DOC] 295 296 BSD/386 ALPHA 1991-12-xx [BSDI] 297 first code released to people outside BSDI 298 386BSD 0.0 1992-02-xx [DOC] 299 BSD/386 0.3.1 1992-04-xx [BSDI] first ext. beta; B customers 300 BSD/386 0.3.3 1992-06-xx [BSDI] first CDROM version 301 386BSD 0.1 1992-07-28 [DOC] 302 4.4BSD Alpha 1992-07-07 303 BSD/386 0.9.3 1992-10-xx [BSDI] 304 first external gamma; G customers 305 BSD/386 0.9.4 1992-12-xx [BSDI] 306 would have been 1.0 except for request 307 for preliminary injunction 308 BSD/386 1.0 1993-03-xx [BSDI] 309 injunction denied; first official release 310 NetBSD 0.8 1993-04-20 [NBD] 311 4.4BSD 1993-06-01 [USE] 312 NetBSD 0.9 1993-08-23 [NBD] 313 FreeBSD 1.0 1993-11-01 [FBD] 314 BSD/386 1.1 1994-02-xx [BSDI] 315 4.4BSD Lite 1994-03-01 [USE] 316 FreeBSD 1.1 1994-05-07 [FBD] 317 FreeBSD 1.1.5 1994-06-30 [FBD] 318 FreeBSD 1.1.5.1 1994-07-05 [FBD] 319 supersedes 1.1.5 5 days after release. 320 NetBSD 1.0 1994-10-26 [NBD] 321 386BSD 1.0 1994-11-12 [USE] 322 FreeBSD 2.0 1994-11-23 [FBD] 323 BSD/OS 2.0 1995-01-xx [BSDI] 4.4 lite based 324 FreeBSD 2.0.5 1995-06-10 [FBD] 325 BSD/OS 2.0.1 1995-06-xx [BSDI] 326 4.4BSD Lite Release 2 1995-06-xx [44B] 327 the true final distribution from the CSRG 328 FreeBSD 2.1.0 1995-11-19 [FBD] 329 NetBSD 1.1 1995-11-26 [NBD] 330 BSD/OS 2.1 1996-01-xx [BSDI] 331 FreeBSD 2.1.5 1996-07-14 [FBD] 332 NetBSD 1.2 1996-10-04 [NBD] 333 OpenBSD 2.0 1996-10-18 [OBD] 334 FreeBSD 2.1.6 1996-11-16 [FBD] 335 FreeBSD 2.1.6.1 1996-11-25 [FBD] (sendmail security release) 336 Rhapsody 1997-xx-xx 337 FreeBSD 2.1.7 1997-02-20 [FBD] 338 BSD/OS 3.0 1997-02-xx [BSDI] 4.4 lite2 based 339 FreeBSD 2.2.0 1997-03-16 [FBD] 340 FreeBSD 2.2.1 1997-03-25 [FBD] 341 FreeBSD 2.2.2 1997-05-16 [FBD] 342 NetBSD 1.2.1 1997-05-20 [NBD] (patch release) 343 OpenBSD 2.1 1997-06-01 [OBD] 344 FreeBSD 2.2.5 1997-10-22 [FBD] 345 OpenBSD 2.2 1997-12-01 [OBD] 346 NetBSD 1.3 1998-01-04 [NBD] 347 FreeBSD 2.2.6 1998-03-25 [FBD] 348 NetBSD 1.3.1 1998-03-09 [NBD] (patch release) 349 BSD/OS 3.1 1998-03-xx [BSDI] 350 OpenBSD 2.3 1998-05-19 [OBD] 351 NetBSD 1.3.2 1998-05-29 [NBD] (patch release) 352 FreeBSD 2.2.7 1998-07-22 [FBD] 353 BSD/OS 4.0 1998-08-xx [BSDI] 354 2-lock MP support, ELF executables 355 FreeBSD 3.0 1998-10-16 [FBD] 356 FreeBSD-3.0 is a snapshot from -current, 357 while 3.1 and 3.2 are from 3.x-stable which 358 was branched quite some time after 3.0-release 359 FreeBSD 2.2.8 1998-11-29 [FBD] 360 OpenBSD 2.4 1998-12-01 [OBD] 361 NetBSD 1.3.3 1998-12-23 [NBD] (patch release) 362 FreeBSD 3.1 1999-02-15 [FBD] 363 BSD/OS 4.0.1 1999-03-xx [BSDI] 364 NetBSD 1.4 1999-05-12 [NBD] 365 FreeBSD 3.2 1999-05-17 [FBD] 366 OpenBSD 2.5 1999-05-19 [OBD] 367 NetBSD 1.4.1 1999-08-26 [NBD] (patch release) 368 FreeBSD 3.3 1999-09-17 [FBD] 369 OpenBSD 2.6 1999-12-01 [OBD] 370 FreeBSD 3.4 1999-12-20 [FBD] 371 BSD/OS 4.1 1999-12-xx [BSDI] 372 FreeBSD 4.0 2000-03-13 [FBD] 373 NetBSD 1.4.2 2000-03-19 [NBD] (patch release) 374 OpenBSD 2.7 2000-06-15 [OBD] 375 FreeBSD 3.5 2000-06-24 [FBD] 376 FreeBSD 4.1 2000-07-27 [FBD] 377 FreeBSD 3.5.1 2000-07-28 [FBD] 378 FreeBSD 4.1.1 2000-09-25 [FBD] (a network-only patch release) 379 FreeBSD 4.2 2000-11-21 [FBD] 380 NetBSD 1.4.3 2000-11-25 [NBD] (patch release) 381 BSD/OS 4.2 2000-11-29 [BSDI] 382 OpenBSD 2.8 2000-12-01 [OBD] 383 NetBSD 1.5 2000-12-06 [NBD] 384 Mac OS X 10.0 2001-03-24 [APL] 385 FreeBSD 4.3 2001-04-20 [FBD] 386 OpenBSD 2.9 2001-06-01 [OBD] 387 NetBSD 1.5.1 2001-07-11 [NBD] (patch release) 388 NetBSD 1.5.2 2001-09-13 [NBD] (patch release) 389 FreeBSD 4.4 2001-09-18 [FBD] 390 Mac OS X 10.1 2001-09-29 [APL] 391 OpenBSD 3.0 2001-12-01 [OBD] 392 FreeBSD 4.5 2002-01-29 [FBD] 393 BSD/OS 4.3 2002-03-14 [WRS] 394 OpenBSD 3.1 2002-05-19 [OBD] 395 FreeBSD 4.6 2002-06-15 [FBD] 396 NetBSD 1.5.3 2002-07-22 [NBD] (patch release) 397 FreeBSD 4.6.2 2002-08-15 [FBD] (patch release) 398 Mac OS X 10.2 2002-08-23 [APL] 399 NetBSD 1.6 2002-09-14 [NBD] 400 FreeBSD 4.7 2002-10-08 [FBD] 401 OpenBSD 3.2 2002-11-01 [OBD] 402 FreeBSD 5.0 2003-01-17 [FBD] 403 FreeBSD 5.0 is a separate branch off of 404 -current, similar to 3.0. 405 FreeBSD 4.8 2003-04-03 [FBD] 406 NetBSD 1.6.1 2003-04-21 [NBD] (patch release) 407 OpenBSD 3.3 2003-05-01 [OBD] 408 BSD/OS 5.0 2003-05-?? [WRS] 409 FreeBSD 5.1 2003-06-09 [FBD] 410 Mac OS X 10.3 2003-10-24 [APL] 411 FreeBSD 4.9 2003-10-28 [FBD] 412 BSD/OS 5.1 ISE 2003-10-?? [WRS] (final version) 413 OpenBSD 3.4 2003-11-01 [OBD] 414 FreeBSD 5.2 2004-01-12 [FBD] 415 FreeBSD 5.2.1 2004-02-22 [FBD] (patch release) 416 NetBSD 1.6.2 2004-03-01 [NBD] (patch release) 417 OpenBSD 3.5 2004-04-01 [OBD] 418 FreeBSD 4.10 2004-05-27 [FBD] 419 DragonFly 1.0 2004-07-12 [DFB] 420 OpenBSD 3.6 2004-10-29 [OBD] 421 FreeBSD 5.3 2004-11-06 [FBD] 422 NetBSD 2.0 2004-12-09 [NBD] 423 FreeBSD 4.11 2005-01-25 [FBD] 424 DragonFly 1.2.0 2005-04-08 [DFB] 425 Mac OS X 10.4 2005-04-29 [APL] 426 FreeBSD 5.4 2005-05-09 [FBD] 427 OpenBSD 3.7 2005-05-19 [OBD] 428 429 Bibliography 430 ------------------------ 431 432 Leffler, Samuel J., Marshall Kirk McKusick, Michael J Karels and John 433 Quarterman. The Design and Implementation of the 4.3BSD UNIX Operating 434 System. Reading, Mass. Addison-Wesley, 1989. ISBN 0-201-06196-1 435 436 Salus, Peter H. A quarter century of UNIX. Addison-Wesley Publishing 437 Company, Inc., 1994. ISBN 0-201-54777-5 438 439 McKusick, Marshall Kirk, Keith Bostic, Michael J Karels, and John 440 Quarterman. The Design and Implementation of the 4.4BSD Operating 441 System. Reading, Mass. Addison-Wesley, 1996. ISBN 0-201-54979-4 442 443 McKusick, Marshall Kirk, George Neville-Neil. The Design and 444 Implementation of the FreeBSD Operating System. 445 Addison-Wesley Professional, Published: Aug 2, 2004. ISBN 0-201-70245-2 446 447 Doug McIlroy. Research Unix Reader. 448 449 Michael G. Brown. The Role of BSD in the Development of Unix. 450 Presented to the Tasmanian Unix Special Interest Group of the 451 Australian Computer Society, Hobart, August 1993. 452 453 Peter H. Salus. Unix at 25. Byte Magazine, October 1994. 454 URL: http://www.byte.com/art/9410/sec8/art3.htm 455 456 Andreas Klemm, Lars Kller. If you're going to San Francisco ... 457 Die freien BSD-Varianten von Unix. c't April 1997, page 368ff. 458 459 BSD Release Announcements collection. 460 URL: http://www.de.FreeBSD.org/de/ftp/releases/ 461 462 BSD Hypertext Man Pages 463 URL: http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi 464 465 UNIX history graphing project 466 URL: http://minnie.tuhs.org/Unix_History/index.html 467 468 UNIX history 469 URL: http://www.levenez.com/unix/ 470 471 James Howard: The BSD Family Tree 472 URL: http://www.daemonnews.org/200104/bsd_family.html 473 ("what are the differences between FreeBSD, NetBSD, and OpenBSD?") 474 475 476 Acknowledgments 477 --------------- 478 479 Josh Gilliam for suggestions, bug fixes, and finding very old 480 original BSD announcements from Usenet or tapes. 481 482 Steven M. Schultz for providing 2.8BSD, 2.10BSD, 2.11BSD manual pages. 483 484 -- 485 Copyright (c) 1997-2004 Wolfram Schneider <wosch (a] FreeBSD.ORG> 486 URL: http://cvsweb.freebsd.org/src/share/misc/bsd-family-tree 487 488 $FreeBSD: src/share/misc/bsd-family-tree,v 1.94 2005/06/06 16:10:58 maxim Exp $ 489
Indexes created Wed Nov 05 01:09:58 GMT 2025