bsd-family-tree revision 1.27
1 The UNIX system family tree: Research and BSD 2 --------------------------------------------- 3 4 First Edition (V1) 5 | 6 Second Edition (V2) 7 | 8 Third Edition (V3) 9 | 10 Fourth Edition (V4) 11 | 12 Fifth Edition (V5) 13 | 14 Sixth Edition (V6) -----* 15 \ | 16 \ | 17 \ | 18 Seventh Edition (V7) | 19 \ | 20 \ 1BSD 21 32V | 22 \ 2BSD---------------* 23 \ / | 24 \ / | 25 \/ | 26 3BSD | 27 | | 28 4.0BSD 2.7.9BSD 29 | | 30 4.1BSD --------------> 2.8BSD 31 | | 32 4.1aBSD -----------\ | 33 | \ | 34 4.1bBSD \ | 35 | \ | 36 *------ 4.1cBSD --------------> 2.9BSD 37 / | | 38 Eighth Edition | 2.9BSD-Seismo 39 | | | 40 +----<--- 4.2BSD 2.9.1BSD 41 | | | 42 +----<--- 4.3BSD -------------> 2.10BSD 43 | | / | 44 Ninth Edition | / 2.10.1BSD 45 | 4.3BSD Tahoe-----+ | 46 | | \ | 47 | | \ | 48 v | 2.11BSD 49 Tenth Edition | | 50 | 2.11BSD rev #430 51 4.3BSD NET/1 | 52 | v 53 4.3BSD Reno 54 | 55 *---------- 4.3BSD NET/2 -------------------+-------------* 56 | | | | 57 386BSD 0.0 | | BSD/386 ALPHA 58 | | | | 59 386BSD 0.1 ------------>+ | BSD/386 0.3.[13] 60 | \ | 4.4BSD Alpha | 61 | 386BSD 1.0 | | BSD/386 0.9.[34] 62 | | 4.4BSD | 63 | | / | | 64 | | 4.4BSD-Encumbered | | 65 | NetBSD 0.8 | BSD/386 1.0 66 | | | | 67 FreeBSD 1.0 NetBSD 0.9 | BSD/386 1.1 68 | | .----- 4.4BSD Lite | 69 FreeBSD 1.1 | / / | \ | 70 | | / / | \ | 71 FreeBSD 1.1.5 .---|--------' / | \ | 72 | / | / | \ | 73 FreeBSD 1.1.5.1 / | / | \ | 74 | / NetBSD 1.0 <-' | \ | 75 | / | | \ | 76 FreeBSD 2.0 <--' | | BSD/OS 2.0 77 | \ | | 78 FreeBSD 2.0.5 \ | BSD/OS 2.0.1 79 | .-----\------------- 4.4BSD Lite2 | 80 | | \ | | | | | 81 | | .-----|------Rhapsody | | | | 82 | | | | NetBSD 1.3 | | | 83 | | | | OpenBSD 2.3 | | 84 | | | | BSD/OS 3.0 | 85 FreeBSD 2.1 | | | | 86 | | | | NetBSD 1.1 ------. BSD/OS 2.1 87 | FreeBSD 2.1.5 | | | \ | 88 | | | | NetBSD 1.2 \ BSD/OS 3.0 89 | FreeBSD 2.1.6 | | | \ OpenBSD 2.0 | 90 | | | | | \ | | 91 | FreeBSD 2.1.6.1 | | | \ | | 92 | | | | | \ | | 93 | FreeBSD 2.1.7 | | | | | | 94 | | | | | NetBSD 1.2.1 | | 95 | FreeBSD 2.1.7.1 | | | | | 96 | | | | | | 97 | | | | | | 98 *-FreeBSD 2.2 | | | | | 99 | \ | | | | | 100 | FreeBSD 2.2.1 | | | | | 101 | | | | | | | 102 | FreeBSD 2.2.2 | | | OpenBSD 2.1 | 103 | | | | | | | 104 | FreeBSD 2.2.5 | | | | | 105 | | | | | OpenBSD 2.2 | 106 | | | | NetBSD 1.3 | | 107 | FreeBSD 2.2.6 | | | | | | 108 | | | | | NetBSD 1.3.1 | BSD/OS 3.1 109 | | | | | | OpenBSD 2.3 | 110 | | | | | NetBSD 1.3.2 | | 111 | FreeBSD 2.2.7 | | | | | | 112 | | | | | | | BSD/OS 4.0 113 | v | | | | | | 114 | FreeBSD 2.2.8 | | | | | | 115 | | | | | OpenBSD 2.4 | 116 FreeBSD 3.0 <--------* | | v | | 117 | | | NetBSD 1.3.3 | | 118 *---FreeBSD 3.1 | | | | 119 | | | | | BSD/OS 4.0.1 120 | FreeBSD 3.2----* | NetBSD 1.4 OpenBSD 2.5 | 121 | | | | | | | | | 122 | | | | | | | | | 123 | | | | | | | | | 124 | FreeBSD 3.3 | | | | NetBSD 1.4.1 | | 125 | | | | | | | OpenBSD 2.6 | 126 | FreeBSD 3.4 | | | | | | | 127 | | | | | | | | BSD/OS 4.1 128 FreeBSD 4.0 | | | | | NetBSD 1.4.2 | | 129 | | | | | | | | | 130 | | | | | | | | | 131 | FreeBSD 3.5 | | | | | OpenBSD 2.7 | 132 | | | | | | | | | 133 | FreeBSD 3.5.1 | | | | | | | 134 | | | | | | | | 135 *---FreeBSD 4.1 | | | | | | | 136 | | | | (?) | | | | 137 | FreeBSD 4.1.1 | | / | | | | 138 | | | | / | | | | 139 | FreeBSD 4.2 Darwin/ | NetBSD 1.4.3 | | 140 | | Mac OS X | OpenBSD 2.8 BSD/OS 4.2 141 | | | | | | 142 | | | | | | 143 | | 10.0 NetBSD 1.5 | | 144 | FreeBSD 4.3 | | | | | 145 | | | | | OpenBSD 2.9 | 146 | | | | NetBSD 1.5.1 | | 147 | | | | | | | 148 | FreeBSD 4.4-. | | NetBSD 1.5.2 | | 149 | | | Mac OS X | | | | 150 | | | 10.1 | | OpenBSD 3.0 | 151 | FreeBSD 4.5 | | | | | | 152 | | \ | | | | BSD/OS 4.3 153 | FreeBSD 4.6 \ | | | OpenBSD 3.1 | 154 | | \ | | NetBSD 1.5.3 | | 155 | FreeBSD 4.6.2 Mac OS X | | | 156 | | 10.2 | | | 157 | FreeBSD 4.7 | | | | 158 | | | NetBSD 1.6 OpenBSD 3.2 | 159 | FreeBSD 4.8 | | | | | 160 | | | | NetBSD 1.6.1 | | 161 | |--------. | | | OpenBSD 3.3 BSD/OS 5.0 162 | | \ | | | | | 163 | FreeBSD 4.9 | | | | OpenBSD 3.4 BSD/OS 5.1 ISE 164 | | | | | | | 165 | | | | | NetBSD 1.6.2 | 166 | | | | | | | 167 | | | | | | OpenBSD 3.5 168 | | | | | v | 169 | FreeBSD 4.10 | | | | 170 | | | | | | 171 | FreeBSD 4.11 | | | | 172 | | | | | | 173 | v `-|------|-----------------|---------------------. 174 | | | | \ 175 FreeBSD 5.0 | | | | 176 | | | | | 177 FreeBSD 5.1 | | | DragonFly 1.0 178 | \ | | | | 179 | ----- Mac OS X | | | 180 | 10.3 | | | 181 FreeBSD 5.2 | | | | 182 | | | | | | 183 | FreeBSD 5.2.1 | | | | 184 | | | | | 185 *---FreeBSD 5.3 | | | | 186 | | | | OpenBSD 3.6 | 187 | | | NetBSD 2.0 | | 188 | | | | | | DragonFly 1.2.0 189 | | Mac OS X | NetBSD 2.0.2 | | 190 | FreeBSD 5.4 10.4 | | | | 191 | | | | | OpenBSD 3.7 | 192 | V | | v | | 193 | | | OpenBSD 3.8 | 194 | | | | | 195 FreeBSD 6 -current | NetBSD -current OpenBSD -current | 196 | | | | | 197 v v v v v 198 199 Time 200 ---------------- 201 202 Time tolerance +/- 6 months, depending on which book/article you read; if it 203 was the announcement in Usenet or if it was available as tape. 204 205 [44B] McKusick, Marshall Kirk, Keith Bostic, Michael J Karels, 206 and John Quarterman. The Design and Implementation of 207 the 4.4BSD Operating System. 208 [APL] Apple website [http://www.apple.com/macosx/] 209 [BSDI] Berkeley Software Design, Inc. 210 [DFB] DragonFlyBSD Project, The. 211 [DOC] README, COPYRIGHT on tape. 212 [FBD] FreeBSD Project, The. 213 [KB] Keith Bostic. BSD2.10 available from Usenix. comp.unix.sources, 214 Volume 11, Info 4, April, 1987. 215 [KKK] Mike Karels, Kirk McKusick, and Keith Bostic. tahoe announcement. 216 comp.bugs.4bsd.ucb-fixes, June 15, 1988. 217 [KSJ] Michael J. Karels, Carl F. Smith, and William F. Jolitz. 218 Changes in the Kernel in 2.9BSD. Second Berkeley Software 219 Distribution UNIX Version 2.9, July, 1983. 220 [NBD] NetBSD Project, The. 221 [OBD] OpenBSD Project, The. 222 [QCU] Salus, Peter H. A quarter century of UNIX. 223 [SMS] Steven M. Schultz. 2.11BSD, UNIX for the PDP-11. 224 [USE] Usenet announcement. 225 [WRS] Wind River Systems, Inc. 226 [dmr] Dennis Ritchie, via E-Mail 227 228 Multics 1965 229 UNIX Summer 1969 230 DEC PDP-7 231 First Edition 1971-11-03 [QCU] 232 DEC PDP-11/20, Assembler 233 Second Edition 1972-06-12 [QCU] 234 10 UNIX installations 235 Third Edition 1973-02-xx [QCU] 236 Pipes, 16 installations 237 Fourth Edition 1973-11-xx [QCU] 238 rewriting in C effected, 239 above 30 installations 240 Fifth Edition 1974-06-xx [QCU] 241 above 50 installations 242 Sixth Edition 1975-05-xx [QCU] 243 port to DEC Vax 244 Seventh Edition 1979-01-xx [QCU] 245 first portable UNIX 246 Eighth Edition 1985-02-xx [QCU] 247 VAX 11/750, VAX 11/780 [dmr] 248 descended from 4.1c BSD [dmr] 249 descended from 4.1 BSD [44B] 250 scooping-out and replacement of the character-device 251 and networking part by the streams mechanism 252 253 Ninth Edition 1986-09-xx [QCU] 254 Tenth Edition 1989-10-xx [QCU] 255 256 1BSD late 1977 257 1978-03-09 [QCU] 258 PDP-11, Pascal, ex(1) 259 30 free copies of 1BSD sent out 260 35 tapes sold for 50 USD [QCU] 261 2BSD mid 1978 [QCU] 262 75 2BSD tapes shipped 263 2.7.9BSD ?? [SMS] 264 2.8BSD 1981-07-xx [KSJ] 265 266 2.8.1BSD 1982-01-xx [QCU] 267 set of performance improvements 268 2.9BSD 1983-07-xx [KSJ] 269 2.9.1BSD 1983-11-xx 270 2.9BSD-Seismo 1985-08-xx [SMS] 271 2.10BSD 1987-04-xx [KKK] 272 2.10.1BSD 1989-01-xx [SMS] 273 2.11BSD 1992-02-xx [SMS] 274 2.11BSD rev #430 1999-12-13 [SMS] 275 276 32V 1978-1[01]-xx [QCU] 277 3BSD late 1979 [QCU] 278 virtual memory, page replacement, 279 demand paging 280 4.0BSD 1980-10-xx 281 4.1BSD 1981-07-08 [DOC] 282 4.1aBSD 1982-04-xx 283 alpha release, 100 sites, networking [44B] 284 4.1bBSD internal release, fast filesystem [44B] 285 4.1cBSD late 1982 286 beta release, IPC [44B] 287 4.2BSD 1983-09-xx [QCU] 288 1983-08-03 [DOC] 289 4.3BSD 1986-06-xx [QCU] 290 1986-04-05 [KB], [DOC] 291 4.3BSD Tahoe 1988-06-15 [QCU], [DOC] 292 4.3BSD NET/1 1988-11-xx [QCU] 293 1989-01-01 [DOC] 294 4.3BSD Reno 1990-06-29 [QCU], [DOC] 295 4.3BSD NET/2 1991-06-28 [QCU], [DOC] 296 297 BSD/386 ALPHA 1991-12-xx [BSDI] 298 first code released to people outside BSDI 299 386BSD 0.0 1992-02-xx [DOC] 300 BSD/386 0.3.1 1992-04-xx [BSDI] first ext. beta; B customers 301 BSD/386 0.3.3 1992-06-xx [BSDI] first CDROM version 302 386BSD 0.1 1992-07-28 [DOC] 303 4.4BSD Alpha 1992-07-07 304 BSD/386 0.9.3 1992-10-xx [BSDI] 305 first external gamma; G customers 306 BSD/386 0.9.4 1992-12-xx [BSDI] 307 would have been 1.0 except for request 308 for preliminary injunction 309 BSD/386 1.0 1993-03-xx [BSDI] 310 injunction denied; first official release 311 NetBSD 0.8 1993-04-20 [NBD] 312 4.4BSD 1993-06-01 [USE] 313 NetBSD 0.9 1993-08-23 [NBD] 314 FreeBSD 1.0 1993-11-01 [FBD] 315 BSD/386 1.1 1994-02-xx [BSDI] 316 4.4BSD Lite 1994-03-01 [USE] 317 FreeBSD 1.1 1994-05-07 [FBD] 318 FreeBSD 1.1.5 1994-06-30 [FBD] 319 FreeBSD 1.1.5.1 1994-07-05 [FBD] 320 supersedes 1.1.5 5 days after release. 321 NetBSD 1.0 1994-10-26 [NBD] 322 386BSD 1.0 1994-11-12 [USE] 323 FreeBSD 2.0 1994-11-23 [FBD] 324 BSD/OS 2.0 1995-01-xx [BSDI] 4.4 lite based 325 FreeBSD 2.0.5 1995-06-10 [FBD] 326 BSD/OS 2.0.1 1995-06-xx [BSDI] 327 4.4BSD Lite Release 2 1995-06-xx [44B] 328 the true final distribution from the CSRG 329 FreeBSD 2.1.0 1995-11-19 [FBD] 330 NetBSD 1.1 1995-11-26 [NBD] 331 BSD/OS 2.1 1996-01-xx [BSDI] 332 FreeBSD 2.1.5 1996-07-14 [FBD] 333 NetBSD 1.2 1996-10-04 [NBD] 334 OpenBSD 2.0 1996-10-18 [OBD] 335 FreeBSD 2.1.6 1996-11-16 [FBD] 336 FreeBSD 2.1.6.1 1996-11-25 [FBD] (sendmail security release) 337 Rhapsody 1997-xx-xx 338 FreeBSD 2.1.7 1997-02-20 [FBD] 339 BSD/OS 3.0 1997-02-xx [BSDI] 4.4 lite2 based 340 FreeBSD 2.2.0 1997-03-16 [FBD] 341 FreeBSD 2.2.1 1997-03-25 [FBD] 342 FreeBSD 2.2.2 1997-05-16 [FBD] 343 NetBSD 1.2.1 1997-05-20 [NBD] (patch release) 344 OpenBSD 2.1 1997-06-01 [OBD] 345 FreeBSD 2.2.5 1997-10-22 [FBD] 346 OpenBSD 2.2 1997-12-01 [OBD] 347 NetBSD 1.3 1998-01-04 [NBD] 348 FreeBSD 2.2.6 1998-03-25 [FBD] 349 NetBSD 1.3.1 1998-03-09 [NBD] (patch release) 350 BSD/OS 3.1 1998-03-xx [BSDI] 351 OpenBSD 2.3 1998-05-19 [OBD] 352 NetBSD 1.3.2 1998-05-29 [NBD] (patch release) 353 FreeBSD 2.2.7 1998-07-22 [FBD] 354 BSD/OS 4.0 1998-08-xx [BSDI] 355 2-lock MP support, ELF executables 356 FreeBSD 3.0 1998-10-16 [FBD] 357 FreeBSD-3.0 is a snapshot from -current, 358 while 3.1 and 3.2 are from 3.x-stable which 359 was branched quite some time after 3.0-release 360 FreeBSD 2.2.8 1998-11-29 [FBD] 361 OpenBSD 2.4 1998-12-01 [OBD] 362 NetBSD 1.3.3 1998-12-23 [NBD] (patch release) 363 FreeBSD 3.1 1999-02-15 [FBD] 364 BSD/OS 4.0.1 1999-03-xx [BSDI] 365 NetBSD 1.4 1999-05-12 [NBD] 366 FreeBSD 3.2 1999-05-17 [FBD] 367 OpenBSD 2.5 1999-05-19 [OBD] 368 NetBSD 1.4.1 1999-08-26 [NBD] (patch release) 369 FreeBSD 3.3 1999-09-17 [FBD] 370 OpenBSD 2.6 1999-12-01 [OBD] 371 FreeBSD 3.4 1999-12-20 [FBD] 372 BSD/OS 4.1 1999-12-xx [BSDI] 373 FreeBSD 4.0 2000-03-13 [FBD] 374 NetBSD 1.4.2 2000-03-19 [NBD] (patch release) 375 OpenBSD 2.7 2000-06-15 [OBD] 376 FreeBSD 3.5 2000-06-24 [FBD] 377 FreeBSD 4.1 2000-07-27 [FBD] 378 FreeBSD 3.5.1 2000-07-28 [FBD] 379 FreeBSD 4.1.1 2000-09-25 [FBD] (a network-only patch release) 380 FreeBSD 4.2 2000-11-21 [FBD] 381 NetBSD 1.4.3 2000-11-25 [NBD] (patch release) 382 BSD/OS 4.2 2000-11-29 [BSDI] 383 OpenBSD 2.8 2000-12-01 [OBD] 384 NetBSD 1.5 2000-12-06 [NBD] 385 Mac OS X 10.0 2001-03-24 [APL] 386 FreeBSD 4.3 2001-04-20 [FBD] 387 OpenBSD 2.9 2001-06-01 [OBD] 388 NetBSD 1.5.1 2001-07-11 [NBD] (patch release) 389 NetBSD 1.5.2 2001-09-13 [NBD] (patch release) 390 FreeBSD 4.4 2001-09-18 [FBD] 391 Mac OS X 10.1 2001-09-29 [APL] 392 OpenBSD 3.0 2001-12-01 [OBD] 393 FreeBSD 4.5 2002-01-29 [FBD] 394 BSD/OS 4.3 2002-03-14 [WRS] 395 OpenBSD 3.1 2002-05-19 [OBD] 396 FreeBSD 4.6 2002-06-15 [FBD] 397 NetBSD 1.5.3 2002-07-22 [NBD] (patch release) 398 FreeBSD 4.6.2 2002-08-15 [FBD] (patch release) 399 Mac OS X 10.2 2002-08-23 [APL] 400 NetBSD 1.6 2002-09-14 [NBD] 401 FreeBSD 4.7 2002-10-08 [FBD] 402 OpenBSD 3.2 2002-11-01 [OBD] 403 FreeBSD 5.0 2003-01-17 [FBD] 404 FreeBSD 5.0 is a separate branch off of 405 -current, similar to 3.0. 406 FreeBSD 4.8 2003-04-03 [FBD] 407 NetBSD 1.6.1 2003-04-21 [NBD] (patch release) 408 OpenBSD 3.3 2003-05-01 [OBD] 409 BSD/OS 5.0 2003-05-?? [WRS] 410 FreeBSD 5.1 2003-06-09 [FBD] 411 Mac OS X 10.3 2003-10-24 [APL] 412 FreeBSD 4.9 2003-10-28 [FBD] 413 BSD/OS 5.1 ISE 2003-10-?? [WRS] (final version) 414 OpenBSD 3.4 2003-11-01 [OBD] 415 FreeBSD 5.2 2004-01-12 [FBD] 416 FreeBSD 5.2.1 2004-02-22 [FBD] (patch release) 417 NetBSD 1.6.2 2004-03-01 [NBD] (patch release) 418 OpenBSD 3.5 2004-04-01 [OBD] 419 FreeBSD 4.10 2004-05-27 [FBD] 420 DragonFly 1.0 2004-07-12 [DFB] 421 OpenBSD 3.6 2004-10-29 [OBD] 422 FreeBSD 5.3 2004-11-06 [FBD] 423 NetBSD 2.0 2004-12-09 [NBD] 424 FreeBSD 4.11 2005-01-25 [FBD] 425 DragonFly 1.2.0 2005-04-08 [DFB] 426 NetBSD 2.0.2 2005-04-14 [NBD] (security/critical release) 427 Mac OS X 10.4 2005-04-29 [APL] 428 FreeBSD 5.4 2005-05-09 [FBD] 429 OpenBSD 3.7 2005-05-19 [OBD] 430 OpenBSD 3.8 2005-11-01 [OBD] 431 432 Bibliography 433 ------------------------ 434 435 Leffler, Samuel J., Marshall Kirk McKusick, Michael J Karels and John 436 Quarterman. The Design and Implementation of the 4.3BSD UNIX Operating 437 System. Reading, Mass. Addison-Wesley, 1989. ISBN 0-201-06196-1 438 439 Salus, Peter H. A quarter century of UNIX. Addison-Wesley Publishing 440 Company, Inc., 1994. ISBN 0-201-54777-5 441 442 McKusick, Marshall Kirk, Keith Bostic, Michael J Karels, and John 443 Quarterman. The Design and Implementation of the 4.4BSD Operating 444 System. Reading, Mass. Addison-Wesley, 1996. ISBN 0-201-54979-4 445 446 McKusick, Marshall Kirk, George Neville-Neil. The Design and 447 Implementation of the FreeBSD Operating System. 448 Addison-Wesley Professional, Published: Aug 2, 2004. ISBN 0-201-70245-2 449 450 Doug McIlroy. Research Unix Reader. 451 452 Michael G. Brown. The Role of BSD in the Development of Unix. 453 Presented to the Tasmanian Unix Special Interest Group of the 454 Australian Computer Society, Hobart, August 1993. 455 456 Peter H. Salus. Unix at 25. Byte Magazine, October 1994. 457 URL: http://www.byte.com/art/9410/sec8/art3.htm 458 459 Andreas Klemm, Lars Kller. If you're going to San Francisco ... 460 Die freien BSD-Varianten von Unix. c't April 1997, page 368ff. 461 462 BSD Release Announcements collection. 463 URL: http://www.de.FreeBSD.org/de/ftp/releases/ 464 465 BSD Hypertext Man Pages 466 URL: http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi 467 468 UNIX history graphing project 469 URL: http://minnie.tuhs.org/Unix_History/index.html 470 471 UNIX history 472 URL: http://www.levenez.com/unix/ 473 474 James Howard: The BSD Family Tree 475 URL: http://www.daemonnews.org/200104/bsd_family.html 476 ("what are the differences between FreeBSD, NetBSD, and OpenBSD?") 477 478 479 Acknowledgments 480 --------------- 481 482 Josh Gilliam for suggestions, bug fixes, and finding very old 483 original BSD announcements from Usenet or tapes. 484 485 Steven M. Schultz for providing 2.8BSD, 2.10BSD, 2.11BSD manual pages. 486 487 -- 488 Copyright (c) 1997-2004 Wolfram Schneider <wosch (a] FreeBSD.ORG> 489 URL: http://cvsweb.freebsd.org/src/share/misc/bsd-family-tree 490 491 $FreeBSD: /repoman/r/ncvs/src/share/misc/bsd-family-tree,v 1.96 2005/11/01 10:32:42 maxim Exp $ 492
Indexes created Wed Nov 05 01:09:58 GMT 2025