bsd-family-tree revision 1.28
1The UNIX system family tree: Research and BSD 2--------------------------------------------- 3 4First Edition (V1) 5 | 6Second Edition (V2) 7 | 8Third Edition (V3) 9 | 10Fourth Edition (V4) 11 | 12Fifth Edition (V5) 13 | 14Sixth Edition (V6) -----* 15 \ | 16 \ | 17 \ | 18Seventh Edition (V7) | 19 \ | 20 \ 1BSD 21 32V | 22 \ 2BSD---------------* 23 \ / | 24 \ / | 25 \/ | 26 3BSD | 27 | | 28 4.0BSD 2.7.9BSD 29 | | 30 4.1BSD --------------> 2.8BSD 31 | | 32 4.1aBSD -----------\ | 33 | \ | 34 4.1bBSD \ | 35 | \ | 36 *------ 4.1cBSD --------------> 2.9BSD 37 / | | 38Eighth Edition | 2.9BSD-Seismo 39 | | | 40 +----<--- 4.2BSD 2.9.1BSD 41 | | | 42 +----<--- 4.3BSD -------------> 2.10BSD 43 | | / | 44Ninth Edition | / 2.10.1BSD 45 | 4.3BSD Tahoe-----+ | 46 | | \ | 47 | | \ | 48 v | 2.11BSD 49Tenth Edition | | 50 | 2.11BSD rev #430 51 4.3BSD NET/1 | 52 | v 53 4.3BSD Reno 54 | 55 *---------- 4.3BSD NET/2 -------------------+-------------* 56 | | | | 57386BSD 0.0 | | BSD/386 ALPHA 58 | | | | 59386BSD 0.1 ------------>+ | BSD/386 0.3.[13] 60 | \ | 4.4BSD Alpha | 61 | 386BSD 1.0 | | BSD/386 0.9.[34] 62 | | 4.4BSD | 63 | | / | | 64 | | 4.4BSD-Encumbered | | 65 | NetBSD 0.8 | BSD/386 1.0 66 | | | | 67FreeBSD 1.0 NetBSD 0.9 | BSD/386 1.1 68 | | .----- 4.4BSD Lite | 69FreeBSD 1.1 | / / | \ | 70 | | / / | \ | 71FreeBSD 1.1.5 .---|--------' / | \ | 72 | / | / | \ | 73FreeBSD 1.1.5.1 / | / | \ | 74 | / NetBSD 1.0 <-' | \ | 75 | / | | \ | 76FreeBSD 2.0 <--' | | BSD/OS 2.0 77 | \ | | 78FreeBSD 2.0.5 \ | BSD/OS 2.0.1 79 | .-----\------------- 4.4BSD Lite2 | 80 | | \ | | | | | 81 | | .-----|------Rhapsody | | | | 82 | | | | NetBSD 1.3 | | | 83 | | | | OpenBSD 2.3 | | 84 | | | | BSD/OS 3.0 | 85FreeBSD 2.1 | | | | 86 | | | | NetBSD 1.1 ------. BSD/OS 2.1 87 | FreeBSD 2.1.5 | | | \ | 88 | | | | NetBSD 1.2 \ BSD/OS 3.0 89 | FreeBSD 2.1.6 | | | \ OpenBSD 2.0 | 90 | | | | | \ | | 91 | FreeBSD 2.1.6.1 | | | \ | | 92 | | | | | \ | | 93 | FreeBSD 2.1.7 | | | | | | 94 | | | | | NetBSD 1.2.1 | | 95 | FreeBSD 2.1.7.1 | | | | | 96 | | | | | | 97 | | | | | | 98 *-FreeBSD 2.2 | | | | | 99 | \ | | | | | 100 | FreeBSD 2.2.1 | | | | | 101 | | | | | | | 102 | FreeBSD 2.2.2 | | | OpenBSD 2.1 | 103 | | | | | | | 104 | FreeBSD 2.2.5 | | | | | 105 | | | | | OpenBSD 2.2 | 106 | | | | NetBSD 1.3 | | 107 | FreeBSD 2.2.6 | | | | | | 108 | | | | | NetBSD 1.3.1 | BSD/OS 3.1 109 | | | | | | OpenBSD 2.3 | 110 | | | | | NetBSD 1.3.2 | | 111 | FreeBSD 2.2.7 | | | | | | 112 | | | | | | | BSD/OS 4.0 113 | v | | | | | | 114 | FreeBSD 2.2.8 | | | | | | 115 | | | | | OpenBSD 2.4 | 116FreeBSD 3.0 <--------* | | v | | 117 | | | NetBSD 1.3.3 | | 118 *---FreeBSD 3.1 | | | | 119 | | | | | BSD/OS 4.0.1 120 | FreeBSD 3.2----* | NetBSD 1.4 OpenBSD 2.5 | 121 | | | | | | | | | 122 | | | | | | | | | 123 | | | | | | | | | 124 | FreeBSD 3.3 | | | | NetBSD 1.4.1 | | 125 | | | | | | | OpenBSD 2.6 | 126 | FreeBSD 3.4 | | | | | | | 127 | | | | | | | | BSD/OS 4.1 128FreeBSD 4.0 | | | | | NetBSD 1.4.2 | | 129 | | | | | | | | | 130 | | | | | | | | | 131 | FreeBSD 3.5 | | | | | OpenBSD 2.7 | 132 | | | | | | | | | 133 | FreeBSD 3.5.1 | | | | | | | 134 | | | | | | | | 135 *---FreeBSD 4.1 | | | | | | | 136 | | | | (?) | | | | 137 | FreeBSD 4.1.1 | | / | | | | 138 | | | | / | | | | 139 | FreeBSD 4.2 Darwin/ | NetBSD 1.4.3 | | 140 | | Mac OS X | OpenBSD 2.8 BSD/OS 4.2 141 | | | | | | 142 | | | | | | 143 | | 10.0 NetBSD 1.5 | | 144 | FreeBSD 4.3 | | | | | 145 | | | | | OpenBSD 2.9 | 146 | | | | NetBSD 1.5.1 | | 147 | | | | | | | 148 | FreeBSD 4.4-. | | NetBSD 1.5.2 | | 149 | | | Mac OS X | | | | 150 | | | 10.1 | | OpenBSD 3.0 | 151 | FreeBSD 4.5 | | | | | | 152 | | \ | | | | BSD/OS 4.3 153 | FreeBSD 4.6 \ | | | OpenBSD 3.1 | 154 | | \ | | NetBSD 1.5.3 | | 155 | FreeBSD 4.6.2 Mac OS X | | | 156 | | 10.2 | | | 157 | FreeBSD 4.7 | | | | 158 | | | NetBSD 1.6 OpenBSD 3.2 | 159 | FreeBSD 4.8 | | | | | 160 | | | | NetBSD 1.6.1 | | 161 | |--------. | | | OpenBSD 3.3 BSD/OS 5.0 162 | | \ | | | | | 163 | FreeBSD 4.9 | | | | OpenBSD 3.4 BSD/OS 5.1 ISE 164 | | | | | | | 165 | | | | | NetBSD 1.6.2 | 166 | | | | | | | 167 | | | | | | OpenBSD 3.5 168 | | | | | v | 169 | FreeBSD 4.10 | | | | 170 | | | | | | 171 | FreeBSD 4.11 | | | | 172 | | | | | | 173 | v `-|------|-----------------|---------------------. 174 | | | | \ 175FreeBSD 5.0 | | | | 176 | | | | | 177FreeBSD 5.1 | | | DragonFly 1.0 178 | \ | | | | 179 | ----- Mac OS X | | | 180 | 10.3 | | | 181FreeBSD 5.2 | | | | 182 | | | | | | 183 | FreeBSD 5.2.1 | | | | 184 | | | | | 185 *---FreeBSD 5.3 | | | | 186 | | | | OpenBSD 3.6 | 187 | | | NetBSD 2.0 | | 188 | | | | | | | DragonFly 1.2.0 189 | | Mac OS X | | NetBSD 2.0.2 | | 190 | FreeBSD 5.4 10.4 | | | | | 191 | | | | | | OpenBSD 3.7 | 192 | V | | | NetBSD 2.0.3 | | 193 | | | | | OpenBSD 3.8 | 194 | | | | v | | 195 | | | | | | 196 | | | \ | | 197 | | | NetBSD 2.1 | | 198 | | | | | 199 | | | | | 200FreeBSD 6 -current | NetBSD -current OpenBSD -current | 201 | | | | | 202 v v v v v 203 204Time 205---------------- 206 207Time tolerance +/- 6 months, depending on which book/article you read; if it 208was the announcement in Usenet or if it was available as tape. 209 210[44B] McKusick, Marshall Kirk, Keith Bostic, Michael J Karels, 211 and John Quarterman. The Design and Implementation of 212 the 4.4BSD Operating System. 213[APL] Apple website [http://www.apple.com/macosx/] 214[BSDI] Berkeley Software Design, Inc. 215[DFB] DragonFlyBSD Project, The. 216[DOC] README, COPYRIGHT on tape. 217[FBD] FreeBSD Project, The. 218[KB] Keith Bostic. BSD2.10 available from Usenix. comp.unix.sources, 219 Volume 11, Info 4, April, 1987. 220[KKK] Mike Karels, Kirk McKusick, and Keith Bostic. tahoe announcement. 221 comp.bugs.4bsd.ucb-fixes, June 15, 1988. 222[KSJ] Michael J. Karels, Carl F. Smith, and William F. Jolitz. 223 Changes in the Kernel in 2.9BSD. Second Berkeley Software 224 Distribution UNIX Version 2.9, July, 1983. 225[NBD] NetBSD Project, The. 226[OBD] OpenBSD Project, The. 227[QCU] Salus, Peter H. A quarter century of UNIX. 228[SMS] Steven M. Schultz. 2.11BSD, UNIX for the PDP-11. 229[USE] Usenet announcement. 230[WRS] Wind River Systems, Inc. 231[dmr] Dennis Ritchie, via E-Mail 232 233Multics 1965 234UNIX Summer 1969 235 DEC PDP-7 236First Edition 1971-11-03 [QCU] 237 DEC PDP-11/20, Assembler 238Second Edition 1972-06-12 [QCU] 239 10 UNIX installations 240Third Edition 1973-02-xx [QCU] 241 Pipes, 16 installations 242Fourth Edition 1973-11-xx [QCU] 243 rewriting in C effected, 244 above 30 installations 245Fifth Edition 1974-06-xx [QCU] 246 above 50 installations 247Sixth Edition 1975-05-xx [QCU] 248 port to DEC Vax 249Seventh Edition 1979-01-xx [QCU] 250 first portable UNIX 251Eighth Edition 1985-02-xx [QCU] 252 VAX 11/750, VAX 11/780 [dmr] 253 descended from 4.1c BSD [dmr] 254 descended from 4.1 BSD [44B] 255 scooping-out and replacement of the character-device 256 and networking part by the streams mechanism 257 258Ninth Edition 1986-09-xx [QCU] 259Tenth Edition 1989-10-xx [QCU] 260 2611BSD late 1977 262 1978-03-09 [QCU] 263 PDP-11, Pascal, ex(1) 264 30 free copies of 1BSD sent out 265 35 tapes sold for 50 USD [QCU] 2662BSD mid 1978 [QCU] 267 75 2BSD tapes shipped 2682.7.9BSD ?? [SMS] 2692.8BSD 1981-07-xx [KSJ] 270 2712.8.1BSD 1982-01-xx [QCU] 272 set of performance improvements 2732.9BSD 1983-07-xx [KSJ] 2742.9.1BSD 1983-11-xx 2752.9BSD-Seismo 1985-08-xx [SMS] 2762.10BSD 1987-04-xx [KKK] 2772.10.1BSD 1989-01-xx [SMS] 2782.11BSD 1992-02-xx [SMS] 2792.11BSD rev #430 1999-12-13 [SMS] 280 28132V 1978-1[01]-xx [QCU] 2823BSD late 1979 [QCU] 283 virtual memory, page replacement, 284 demand paging 2854.0BSD 1980-10-xx 2864.1BSD 1981-07-08 [DOC] 2874.1aBSD 1982-04-xx 288 alpha release, 100 sites, networking [44B] 2894.1bBSD internal release, fast filesystem [44B] 2904.1cBSD late 1982 291 beta release, IPC [44B] 2924.2BSD 1983-09-xx [QCU] 293 1983-08-03 [DOC] 2944.3BSD 1986-06-xx [QCU] 295 1986-04-05 [KB], [DOC] 2964.3BSD Tahoe 1988-06-15 [QCU], [DOC] 2974.3BSD NET/1 1988-11-xx [QCU] 298 1989-01-01 [DOC] 2994.3BSD Reno 1990-06-29 [QCU], [DOC] 3004.3BSD NET/2 1991-06-28 [QCU], [DOC] 301 302BSD/386 ALPHA 1991-12-xx [BSDI] 303 first code released to people outside BSDI 304386BSD 0.0 1992-02-xx [DOC] 305BSD/386 0.3.1 1992-04-xx [BSDI] first ext. beta; B customers 306BSD/386 0.3.3 1992-06-xx [BSDI] first CDROM version 307386BSD 0.1 1992-07-28 [DOC] 3084.4BSD Alpha 1992-07-07 309BSD/386 0.9.3 1992-10-xx [BSDI] 310 first external gamma; G customers 311BSD/386 0.9.4 1992-12-xx [BSDI] 312 would have been 1.0 except for request 313 for preliminary injunction 314BSD/386 1.0 1993-03-xx [BSDI] 315 injunction denied; first official release 316NetBSD 0.8 1993-04-20 [NBD] 3174.4BSD 1993-06-01 [USE] 318NetBSD 0.9 1993-08-23 [NBD] 319FreeBSD 1.0 1993-11-01 [FBD] 320BSD/386 1.1 1994-02-xx [BSDI] 3214.4BSD Lite 1994-03-01 [USE] 322FreeBSD 1.1 1994-05-07 [FBD] 323FreeBSD 1.1.5 1994-06-30 [FBD] 324FreeBSD 1.1.5.1 1994-07-05 [FBD] 325 supersedes 1.1.5 5 days after release. 326NetBSD 1.0 1994-10-26 [NBD] 327386BSD 1.0 1994-11-12 [USE] 328FreeBSD 2.0 1994-11-23 [FBD] 329BSD/OS 2.0 1995-01-xx [BSDI] 4.4 lite based 330FreeBSD 2.0.5 1995-06-10 [FBD] 331BSD/OS 2.0.1 1995-06-xx [BSDI] 3324.4BSD Lite Release 2 1995-06-xx [44B] 333 the true final distribution from the CSRG 334FreeBSD 2.1.0 1995-11-19 [FBD] 335NetBSD 1.1 1995-11-26 [NBD] 336BSD/OS 2.1 1996-01-xx [BSDI] 337FreeBSD 2.1.5 1996-07-14 [FBD] 338NetBSD 1.2 1996-10-04 [NBD] 339OpenBSD 2.0 1996-10-18 [OBD] 340FreeBSD 2.1.6 1996-11-16 [FBD] 341FreeBSD 2.1.6.1 1996-11-25 [FBD] (sendmail security release) 342Rhapsody 1997-xx-xx 343FreeBSD 2.1.7 1997-02-20 [FBD] 344BSD/OS 3.0 1997-02-xx [BSDI] 4.4 lite2 based 345FreeBSD 2.2.0 1997-03-16 [FBD] 346FreeBSD 2.2.1 1997-03-25 [FBD] 347FreeBSD 2.2.2 1997-05-16 [FBD] 348NetBSD 1.2.1 1997-05-20 [NBD] (patch release) 349OpenBSD 2.1 1997-06-01 [OBD] 350FreeBSD 2.2.5 1997-10-22 [FBD] 351OpenBSD 2.2 1997-12-01 [OBD] 352NetBSD 1.3 1998-01-04 [NBD] 353FreeBSD 2.2.6 1998-03-25 [FBD] 354NetBSD 1.3.1 1998-03-09 [NBD] (patch release) 355BSD/OS 3.1 1998-03-xx [BSDI] 356OpenBSD 2.3 1998-05-19 [OBD] 357NetBSD 1.3.2 1998-05-29 [NBD] (patch release) 358FreeBSD 2.2.7 1998-07-22 [FBD] 359BSD/OS 4.0 1998-08-xx [BSDI] 360 2-lock MP support, ELF executables 361FreeBSD 3.0 1998-10-16 [FBD] 362 FreeBSD-3.0 is a snapshot from -current, 363 while 3.1 and 3.2 are from 3.x-stable which 364 was branched quite some time after 3.0-release 365FreeBSD 2.2.8 1998-11-29 [FBD] 366OpenBSD 2.4 1998-12-01 [OBD] 367NetBSD 1.3.3 1998-12-23 [NBD] (patch release) 368FreeBSD 3.1 1999-02-15 [FBD] 369BSD/OS 4.0.1 1999-03-xx [BSDI] 370NetBSD 1.4 1999-05-12 [NBD] 371FreeBSD 3.2 1999-05-17 [FBD] 372OpenBSD 2.5 1999-05-19 [OBD] 373NetBSD 1.4.1 1999-08-26 [NBD] (patch release) 374FreeBSD 3.3 1999-09-17 [FBD] 375OpenBSD 2.6 1999-12-01 [OBD] 376FreeBSD 3.4 1999-12-20 [FBD] 377BSD/OS 4.1 1999-12-xx [BSDI] 378FreeBSD 4.0 2000-03-13 [FBD] 379NetBSD 1.4.2 2000-03-19 [NBD] (patch release) 380OpenBSD 2.7 2000-06-15 [OBD] 381FreeBSD 3.5 2000-06-24 [FBD] 382FreeBSD 4.1 2000-07-27 [FBD] 383FreeBSD 3.5.1 2000-07-28 [FBD] 384FreeBSD 4.1.1 2000-09-25 [FBD] (a network-only patch release) 385FreeBSD 4.2 2000-11-21 [FBD] 386NetBSD 1.4.3 2000-11-25 [NBD] (patch release) 387BSD/OS 4.2 2000-11-29 [BSDI] 388OpenBSD 2.8 2000-12-01 [OBD] 389NetBSD 1.5 2000-12-06 [NBD] 390Mac OS X 10.0 2001-03-24 [APL] 391FreeBSD 4.3 2001-04-20 [FBD] 392OpenBSD 2.9 2001-06-01 [OBD] 393NetBSD 1.5.1 2001-07-11 [NBD] (patch release) 394NetBSD 1.5.2 2001-09-13 [NBD] (patch release) 395FreeBSD 4.4 2001-09-18 [FBD] 396Mac OS X 10.1 2001-09-29 [APL] 397OpenBSD 3.0 2001-12-01 [OBD] 398FreeBSD 4.5 2002-01-29 [FBD] 399BSD/OS 4.3 2002-03-14 [WRS] 400OpenBSD 3.1 2002-05-19 [OBD] 401FreeBSD 4.6 2002-06-15 [FBD] 402NetBSD 1.5.3 2002-07-22 [NBD] (patch release) 403FreeBSD 4.6.2 2002-08-15 [FBD] (patch release) 404Mac OS X 10.2 2002-08-23 [APL] 405NetBSD 1.6 2002-09-14 [NBD] 406FreeBSD 4.7 2002-10-08 [FBD] 407OpenBSD 3.2 2002-11-01 [OBD] 408FreeBSD 5.0 2003-01-17 [FBD] 409 FreeBSD 5.0 is a separate branch off of 410 -current, similar to 3.0. 411FreeBSD 4.8 2003-04-03 [FBD] 412NetBSD 1.6.1 2003-04-21 [NBD] (patch release) 413OpenBSD 3.3 2003-05-01 [OBD] 414BSD/OS 5.0 2003-05-?? [WRS] 415FreeBSD 5.1 2003-06-09 [FBD] 416Mac OS X 10.3 2003-10-24 [APL] 417FreeBSD 4.9 2003-10-28 [FBD] 418BSD/OS 5.1 ISE 2003-10-?? [WRS] (final version) 419OpenBSD 3.4 2003-11-01 [OBD] 420FreeBSD 5.2 2004-01-12 [FBD] 421FreeBSD 5.2.1 2004-02-22 [FBD] (patch release) 422NetBSD 1.6.2 2004-03-01 [NBD] (patch release) 423OpenBSD 3.5 2004-04-01 [OBD] 424FreeBSD 4.10 2004-05-27 [FBD] 425DragonFly 1.0 2004-07-12 [DFB] 426OpenBSD 3.6 2004-10-29 [OBD] 427FreeBSD 5.3 2004-11-06 [FBD] 428NetBSD 2.0 2004-12-09 [NBD] 429FreeBSD 4.11 2005-01-25 [FBD] 430DragonFly 1.2.0 2005-04-08 [DFB] 431NetBSD 2.0.2 2005-04-14 [NBD] (security/critical release) 432Mac OS X 10.4 2005-04-29 [APL] 433FreeBSD 5.4 2005-05-09 [FBD] 434OpenBSD 3.7 2005-05-19 [OBD] 435NetBSD 2.0.3 2005-10-31 [NBD] (security/critical release) 436OpenBSD 3.8 2005-11-01 [OBD] 437NetBSD 2.1 2005-11-02 [NBD] 438 439Bibliography 440------------------------ 441 442Leffler, Samuel J., Marshall Kirk McKusick, Michael J Karels and John 443Quarterman. The Design and Implementation of the 4.3BSD UNIX Operating 444System. Reading, Mass. Addison-Wesley, 1989. ISBN 0-201-06196-1 445 446Salus, Peter H. A quarter century of UNIX. Addison-Wesley Publishing 447Company, Inc., 1994. ISBN 0-201-54777-5 448 449McKusick, Marshall Kirk, Keith Bostic, Michael J Karels, and John 450Quarterman. The Design and Implementation of the 4.4BSD Operating 451System. Reading, Mass. Addison-Wesley, 1996. ISBN 0-201-54979-4 452 453McKusick, Marshall Kirk, George Neville-Neil. The Design and 454Implementation of the FreeBSD Operating System. 455Addison-Wesley Professional, Published: Aug 2, 2004. ISBN 0-201-70245-2 456 457Doug McIlroy. Research Unix Reader. 458 459Michael G. Brown. The Role of BSD in the Development of Unix. 460Presented to the Tasmanian Unix Special Interest Group of the 461Australian Computer Society, Hobart, August 1993. 462 463Peter H. Salus. Unix at 25. Byte Magazine, October 1994. 464URL: http://www.byte.com/art/9410/sec8/art3.htm 465 466Andreas Klemm, Lars K�ller. If you're going to San Francisco ... 467Die freien BSD-Varianten von Unix. c't April 1997, page 368ff. 468 469BSD Release Announcements collection. 470URL: http://www.de.FreeBSD.org/de/ftp/releases/ 471 472BSD Hypertext Man Pages 473URL: http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi 474 475UNIX history graphing project 476URL: http://minnie.tuhs.org/Unix_History/index.html 477 478UNIX history 479URL: http://www.levenez.com/unix/ 480 481James Howard: The BSD Family Tree 482URL: http://www.daemonnews.org/200104/bsd_family.html 483("what are the differences between FreeBSD, NetBSD, and OpenBSD?") 484 485 486Acknowledgments 487--------------- 488 489Josh Gilliam for suggestions, bug fixes, and finding very old 490original BSD announcements from Usenet or tapes. 491 492Steven M. Schultz for providing 2.8BSD, 2.10BSD, 2.11BSD manual pages. 493 494-- 495Copyright (c) 1997-2004 Wolfram Schneider <wosch@FreeBSD.ORG> 496URL: http://cvsweb.freebsd.org/src/share/misc/bsd-family-tree 497 498$FreeBSD: /repoman/r/ncvs/src/share/misc/bsd-family-tree,v 1.96 2005/11/01 10:32:42 maxim Exp $ 499