bsd-family-tree revision 1.28
1 The UNIX system family tree: Research and BSD 2 --------------------------------------------- 3 4 First Edition (V1) 5 | 6 Second Edition (V2) 7 | 8 Third Edition (V3) 9 | 10 Fourth Edition (V4) 11 | 12 Fifth Edition (V5) 13 | 14 Sixth Edition (V6) -----* 15 \ | 16 \ | 17 \ | 18 Seventh Edition (V7) | 19 \ | 20 \ 1BSD 21 32V | 22 \ 2BSD---------------* 23 \ / | 24 \ / | 25 \/ | 26 3BSD | 27 | | 28 4.0BSD 2.7.9BSD 29 | | 30 4.1BSD --------------> 2.8BSD 31 | | 32 4.1aBSD -----------\ | 33 | \ | 34 4.1bBSD \ | 35 | \ | 36 *------ 4.1cBSD --------------> 2.9BSD 37 / | | 38 Eighth Edition | 2.9BSD-Seismo 39 | | | 40 +----<--- 4.2BSD 2.9.1BSD 41 | | | 42 +----<--- 4.3BSD -------------> 2.10BSD 43 | | / | 44 Ninth Edition | / 2.10.1BSD 45 | 4.3BSD Tahoe-----+ | 46 | | \ | 47 | | \ | 48 v | 2.11BSD 49 Tenth Edition | | 50 | 2.11BSD rev #430 51 4.3BSD NET/1 | 52 | v 53 4.3BSD Reno 54 | 55 *---------- 4.3BSD NET/2 -------------------+-------------* 56 | | | | 57 386BSD 0.0 | | BSD/386 ALPHA 58 | | | | 59 386BSD 0.1 ------------>+ | BSD/386 0.3.[13] 60 | \ | 4.4BSD Alpha | 61 | 386BSD 1.0 | | BSD/386 0.9.[34] 62 | | 4.4BSD | 63 | | / | | 64 | | 4.4BSD-Encumbered | | 65 | NetBSD 0.8 | BSD/386 1.0 66 | | | | 67 FreeBSD 1.0 NetBSD 0.9 | BSD/386 1.1 68 | | .----- 4.4BSD Lite | 69 FreeBSD 1.1 | / / | \ | 70 | | / / | \ | 71 FreeBSD 1.1.5 .---|--------' / | \ | 72 | / | / | \ | 73 FreeBSD 1.1.5.1 / | / | \ | 74 | / NetBSD 1.0 <-' | \ | 75 | / | | \ | 76 FreeBSD 2.0 <--' | | BSD/OS 2.0 77 | \ | | 78 FreeBSD 2.0.5 \ | BSD/OS 2.0.1 79 | .-----\------------- 4.4BSD Lite2 | 80 | | \ | | | | | 81 | | .-----|------Rhapsody | | | | 82 | | | | NetBSD 1.3 | | | 83 | | | | OpenBSD 2.3 | | 84 | | | | BSD/OS 3.0 | 85 FreeBSD 2.1 | | | | 86 | | | | NetBSD 1.1 ------. BSD/OS 2.1 87 | FreeBSD 2.1.5 | | | \ | 88 | | | | NetBSD 1.2 \ BSD/OS 3.0 89 | FreeBSD 2.1.6 | | | \ OpenBSD 2.0 | 90 | | | | | \ | | 91 | FreeBSD 2.1.6.1 | | | \ | | 92 | | | | | \ | | 93 | FreeBSD 2.1.7 | | | | | | 94 | | | | | NetBSD 1.2.1 | | 95 | FreeBSD 2.1.7.1 | | | | | 96 | | | | | | 97 | | | | | | 98 *-FreeBSD 2.2 | | | | | 99 | \ | | | | | 100 | FreeBSD 2.2.1 | | | | | 101 | | | | | | | 102 | FreeBSD 2.2.2 | | | OpenBSD 2.1 | 103 | | | | | | | 104 | FreeBSD 2.2.5 | | | | | 105 | | | | | OpenBSD 2.2 | 106 | | | | NetBSD 1.3 | | 107 | FreeBSD 2.2.6 | | | | | | 108 | | | | | NetBSD 1.3.1 | BSD/OS 3.1 109 | | | | | | OpenBSD 2.3 | 110 | | | | | NetBSD 1.3.2 | | 111 | FreeBSD 2.2.7 | | | | | | 112 | | | | | | | BSD/OS 4.0 113 | v | | | | | | 114 | FreeBSD 2.2.8 | | | | | | 115 | | | | | OpenBSD 2.4 | 116 FreeBSD 3.0 <--------* | | v | | 117 | | | NetBSD 1.3.3 | | 118 *---FreeBSD 3.1 | | | | 119 | | | | | BSD/OS 4.0.1 120 | FreeBSD 3.2----* | NetBSD 1.4 OpenBSD 2.5 | 121 | | | | | | | | | 122 | | | | | | | | | 123 | | | | | | | | | 124 | FreeBSD 3.3 | | | | NetBSD 1.4.1 | | 125 | | | | | | | OpenBSD 2.6 | 126 | FreeBSD 3.4 | | | | | | | 127 | | | | | | | | BSD/OS 4.1 128 FreeBSD 4.0 | | | | | NetBSD 1.4.2 | | 129 | | | | | | | | | 130 | | | | | | | | | 131 | FreeBSD 3.5 | | | | | OpenBSD 2.7 | 132 | | | | | | | | | 133 | FreeBSD 3.5.1 | | | | | | | 134 | | | | | | | | 135 *---FreeBSD 4.1 | | | | | | | 136 | | | | (?) | | | | 137 | FreeBSD 4.1.1 | | / | | | | 138 | | | | / | | | | 139 | FreeBSD 4.2 Darwin/ | NetBSD 1.4.3 | | 140 | | Mac OS X | OpenBSD 2.8 BSD/OS 4.2 141 | | | | | | 142 | | | | | | 143 | | 10.0 NetBSD 1.5 | | 144 | FreeBSD 4.3 | | | | | 145 | | | | | OpenBSD 2.9 | 146 | | | | NetBSD 1.5.1 | | 147 | | | | | | | 148 | FreeBSD 4.4-. | | NetBSD 1.5.2 | | 149 | | | Mac OS X | | | | 150 | | | 10.1 | | OpenBSD 3.0 | 151 | FreeBSD 4.5 | | | | | | 152 | | \ | | | | BSD/OS 4.3 153 | FreeBSD 4.6 \ | | | OpenBSD 3.1 | 154 | | \ | | NetBSD 1.5.3 | | 155 | FreeBSD 4.6.2 Mac OS X | | | 156 | | 10.2 | | | 157 | FreeBSD 4.7 | | | | 158 | | | NetBSD 1.6 OpenBSD 3.2 | 159 | FreeBSD 4.8 | | | | | 160 | | | | NetBSD 1.6.1 | | 161 | |--------. | | | OpenBSD 3.3 BSD/OS 5.0 162 | | \ | | | | | 163 | FreeBSD 4.9 | | | | OpenBSD 3.4 BSD/OS 5.1 ISE 164 | | | | | | | 165 | | | | | NetBSD 1.6.2 | 166 | | | | | | | 167 | | | | | | OpenBSD 3.5 168 | | | | | v | 169 | FreeBSD 4.10 | | | | 170 | | | | | | 171 | FreeBSD 4.11 | | | | 172 | | | | | | 173 | v `-|------|-----------------|---------------------. 174 | | | | \ 175 FreeBSD 5.0 | | | | 176 | | | | | 177 FreeBSD 5.1 | | | DragonFly 1.0 178 | \ | | | | 179 | ----- Mac OS X | | | 180 | 10.3 | | | 181 FreeBSD 5.2 | | | | 182 | | | | | | 183 | FreeBSD 5.2.1 | | | | 184 | | | | | 185 *---FreeBSD 5.3 | | | | 186 | | | | OpenBSD 3.6 | 187 | | | NetBSD 2.0 | | 188 | | | | | | | DragonFly 1.2.0 189 | | Mac OS X | | NetBSD 2.0.2 | | 190 | FreeBSD 5.4 10.4 | | | | | 191 | | | | | | OpenBSD 3.7 | 192 | V | | | NetBSD 2.0.3 | | 193 | | | | | OpenBSD 3.8 | 194 | | | | v | | 195 | | | | | | 196 | | | \ | | 197 | | | NetBSD 2.1 | | 198 | | | | | 199 | | | | | 200 FreeBSD 6 -current | NetBSD -current OpenBSD -current | 201 | | | | | 202 v v v v v 203 204 Time 205 ---------------- 206 207 Time tolerance +/- 6 months, depending on which book/article you read; if it 208 was the announcement in Usenet or if it was available as tape. 209 210 [44B] McKusick, Marshall Kirk, Keith Bostic, Michael J Karels, 211 and John Quarterman. The Design and Implementation of 212 the 4.4BSD Operating System. 213 [APL] Apple website [http://www.apple.com/macosx/] 214 [BSDI] Berkeley Software Design, Inc. 215 [DFB] DragonFlyBSD Project, The. 216 [DOC] README, COPYRIGHT on tape. 217 [FBD] FreeBSD Project, The. 218 [KB] Keith Bostic. BSD2.10 available from Usenix. comp.unix.sources, 219 Volume 11, Info 4, April, 1987. 220 [KKK] Mike Karels, Kirk McKusick, and Keith Bostic. tahoe announcement. 221 comp.bugs.4bsd.ucb-fixes, June 15, 1988. 222 [KSJ] Michael J. Karels, Carl F. Smith, and William F. Jolitz. 223 Changes in the Kernel in 2.9BSD. Second Berkeley Software 224 Distribution UNIX Version 2.9, July, 1983. 225 [NBD] NetBSD Project, The. 226 [OBD] OpenBSD Project, The. 227 [QCU] Salus, Peter H. A quarter century of UNIX. 228 [SMS] Steven M. Schultz. 2.11BSD, UNIX for the PDP-11. 229 [USE] Usenet announcement. 230 [WRS] Wind River Systems, Inc. 231 [dmr] Dennis Ritchie, via E-Mail 232 233 Multics 1965 234 UNIX Summer 1969 235 DEC PDP-7 236 First Edition 1971-11-03 [QCU] 237 DEC PDP-11/20, Assembler 238 Second Edition 1972-06-12 [QCU] 239 10 UNIX installations 240 Third Edition 1973-02-xx [QCU] 241 Pipes, 16 installations 242 Fourth Edition 1973-11-xx [QCU] 243 rewriting in C effected, 244 above 30 installations 245 Fifth Edition 1974-06-xx [QCU] 246 above 50 installations 247 Sixth Edition 1975-05-xx [QCU] 248 port to DEC Vax 249 Seventh Edition 1979-01-xx [QCU] 250 first portable UNIX 251 Eighth Edition 1985-02-xx [QCU] 252 VAX 11/750, VAX 11/780 [dmr] 253 descended from 4.1c BSD [dmr] 254 descended from 4.1 BSD [44B] 255 scooping-out and replacement of the character-device 256 and networking part by the streams mechanism 257 258 Ninth Edition 1986-09-xx [QCU] 259 Tenth Edition 1989-10-xx [QCU] 260 261 1BSD late 1977 262 1978-03-09 [QCU] 263 PDP-11, Pascal, ex(1) 264 30 free copies of 1BSD sent out 265 35 tapes sold for 50 USD [QCU] 266 2BSD mid 1978 [QCU] 267 75 2BSD tapes shipped 268 2.7.9BSD ?? [SMS] 269 2.8BSD 1981-07-xx [KSJ] 270 271 2.8.1BSD 1982-01-xx [QCU] 272 set of performance improvements 273 2.9BSD 1983-07-xx [KSJ] 274 2.9.1BSD 1983-11-xx 275 2.9BSD-Seismo 1985-08-xx [SMS] 276 2.10BSD 1987-04-xx [KKK] 277 2.10.1BSD 1989-01-xx [SMS] 278 2.11BSD 1992-02-xx [SMS] 279 2.11BSD rev #430 1999-12-13 [SMS] 280 281 32V 1978-1[01]-xx [QCU] 282 3BSD late 1979 [QCU] 283 virtual memory, page replacement, 284 demand paging 285 4.0BSD 1980-10-xx 286 4.1BSD 1981-07-08 [DOC] 287 4.1aBSD 1982-04-xx 288 alpha release, 100 sites, networking [44B] 289 4.1bBSD internal release, fast filesystem [44B] 290 4.1cBSD late 1982 291 beta release, IPC [44B] 292 4.2BSD 1983-09-xx [QCU] 293 1983-08-03 [DOC] 294 4.3BSD 1986-06-xx [QCU] 295 1986-04-05 [KB], [DOC] 296 4.3BSD Tahoe 1988-06-15 [QCU], [DOC] 297 4.3BSD NET/1 1988-11-xx [QCU] 298 1989-01-01 [DOC] 299 4.3BSD Reno 1990-06-29 [QCU], [DOC] 300 4.3BSD NET/2 1991-06-28 [QCU], [DOC] 301 302 BSD/386 ALPHA 1991-12-xx [BSDI] 303 first code released to people outside BSDI 304 386BSD 0.0 1992-02-xx [DOC] 305 BSD/386 0.3.1 1992-04-xx [BSDI] first ext. beta; B customers 306 BSD/386 0.3.3 1992-06-xx [BSDI] first CDROM version 307 386BSD 0.1 1992-07-28 [DOC] 308 4.4BSD Alpha 1992-07-07 309 BSD/386 0.9.3 1992-10-xx [BSDI] 310 first external gamma; G customers 311 BSD/386 0.9.4 1992-12-xx [BSDI] 312 would have been 1.0 except for request 313 for preliminary injunction 314 BSD/386 1.0 1993-03-xx [BSDI] 315 injunction denied; first official release 316 NetBSD 0.8 1993-04-20 [NBD] 317 4.4BSD 1993-06-01 [USE] 318 NetBSD 0.9 1993-08-23 [NBD] 319 FreeBSD 1.0 1993-11-01 [FBD] 320 BSD/386 1.1 1994-02-xx [BSDI] 321 4.4BSD Lite 1994-03-01 [USE] 322 FreeBSD 1.1 1994-05-07 [FBD] 323 FreeBSD 1.1.5 1994-06-30 [FBD] 324 FreeBSD 1.1.5.1 1994-07-05 [FBD] 325 supersedes 1.1.5 5 days after release. 326 NetBSD 1.0 1994-10-26 [NBD] 327 386BSD 1.0 1994-11-12 [USE] 328 FreeBSD 2.0 1994-11-23 [FBD] 329 BSD/OS 2.0 1995-01-xx [BSDI] 4.4 lite based 330 FreeBSD 2.0.5 1995-06-10 [FBD] 331 BSD/OS 2.0.1 1995-06-xx [BSDI] 332 4.4BSD Lite Release 2 1995-06-xx [44B] 333 the true final distribution from the CSRG 334 FreeBSD 2.1.0 1995-11-19 [FBD] 335 NetBSD 1.1 1995-11-26 [NBD] 336 BSD/OS 2.1 1996-01-xx [BSDI] 337 FreeBSD 2.1.5 1996-07-14 [FBD] 338 NetBSD 1.2 1996-10-04 [NBD] 339 OpenBSD 2.0 1996-10-18 [OBD] 340 FreeBSD 2.1.6 1996-11-16 [FBD] 341 FreeBSD 2.1.6.1 1996-11-25 [FBD] (sendmail security release) 342 Rhapsody 1997-xx-xx 343 FreeBSD 2.1.7 1997-02-20 [FBD] 344 BSD/OS 3.0 1997-02-xx [BSDI] 4.4 lite2 based 345 FreeBSD 2.2.0 1997-03-16 [FBD] 346 FreeBSD 2.2.1 1997-03-25 [FBD] 347 FreeBSD 2.2.2 1997-05-16 [FBD] 348 NetBSD 1.2.1 1997-05-20 [NBD] (patch release) 349 OpenBSD 2.1 1997-06-01 [OBD] 350 FreeBSD 2.2.5 1997-10-22 [FBD] 351 OpenBSD 2.2 1997-12-01 [OBD] 352 NetBSD 1.3 1998-01-04 [NBD] 353 FreeBSD 2.2.6 1998-03-25 [FBD] 354 NetBSD 1.3.1 1998-03-09 [NBD] (patch release) 355 BSD/OS 3.1 1998-03-xx [BSDI] 356 OpenBSD 2.3 1998-05-19 [OBD] 357 NetBSD 1.3.2 1998-05-29 [NBD] (patch release) 358 FreeBSD 2.2.7 1998-07-22 [FBD] 359 BSD/OS 4.0 1998-08-xx [BSDI] 360 2-lock MP support, ELF executables 361 FreeBSD 3.0 1998-10-16 [FBD] 362 FreeBSD-3.0 is a snapshot from -current, 363 while 3.1 and 3.2 are from 3.x-stable which 364 was branched quite some time after 3.0-release 365 FreeBSD 2.2.8 1998-11-29 [FBD] 366 OpenBSD 2.4 1998-12-01 [OBD] 367 NetBSD 1.3.3 1998-12-23 [NBD] (patch release) 368 FreeBSD 3.1 1999-02-15 [FBD] 369 BSD/OS 4.0.1 1999-03-xx [BSDI] 370 NetBSD 1.4 1999-05-12 [NBD] 371 FreeBSD 3.2 1999-05-17 [FBD] 372 OpenBSD 2.5 1999-05-19 [OBD] 373 NetBSD 1.4.1 1999-08-26 [NBD] (patch release) 374 FreeBSD 3.3 1999-09-17 [FBD] 375 OpenBSD 2.6 1999-12-01 [OBD] 376 FreeBSD 3.4 1999-12-20 [FBD] 377 BSD/OS 4.1 1999-12-xx [BSDI] 378 FreeBSD 4.0 2000-03-13 [FBD] 379 NetBSD 1.4.2 2000-03-19 [NBD] (patch release) 380 OpenBSD 2.7 2000-06-15 [OBD] 381 FreeBSD 3.5 2000-06-24 [FBD] 382 FreeBSD 4.1 2000-07-27 [FBD] 383 FreeBSD 3.5.1 2000-07-28 [FBD] 384 FreeBSD 4.1.1 2000-09-25 [FBD] (a network-only patch release) 385 FreeBSD 4.2 2000-11-21 [FBD] 386 NetBSD 1.4.3 2000-11-25 [NBD] (patch release) 387 BSD/OS 4.2 2000-11-29 [BSDI] 388 OpenBSD 2.8 2000-12-01 [OBD] 389 NetBSD 1.5 2000-12-06 [NBD] 390 Mac OS X 10.0 2001-03-24 [APL] 391 FreeBSD 4.3 2001-04-20 [FBD] 392 OpenBSD 2.9 2001-06-01 [OBD] 393 NetBSD 1.5.1 2001-07-11 [NBD] (patch release) 394 NetBSD 1.5.2 2001-09-13 [NBD] (patch release) 395 FreeBSD 4.4 2001-09-18 [FBD] 396 Mac OS X 10.1 2001-09-29 [APL] 397 OpenBSD 3.0 2001-12-01 [OBD] 398 FreeBSD 4.5 2002-01-29 [FBD] 399 BSD/OS 4.3 2002-03-14 [WRS] 400 OpenBSD 3.1 2002-05-19 [OBD] 401 FreeBSD 4.6 2002-06-15 [FBD] 402 NetBSD 1.5.3 2002-07-22 [NBD] (patch release) 403 FreeBSD 4.6.2 2002-08-15 [FBD] (patch release) 404 Mac OS X 10.2 2002-08-23 [APL] 405 NetBSD 1.6 2002-09-14 [NBD] 406 FreeBSD 4.7 2002-10-08 [FBD] 407 OpenBSD 3.2 2002-11-01 [OBD] 408 FreeBSD 5.0 2003-01-17 [FBD] 409 FreeBSD 5.0 is a separate branch off of 410 -current, similar to 3.0. 411 FreeBSD 4.8 2003-04-03 [FBD] 412 NetBSD 1.6.1 2003-04-21 [NBD] (patch release) 413 OpenBSD 3.3 2003-05-01 [OBD] 414 BSD/OS 5.0 2003-05-?? [WRS] 415 FreeBSD 5.1 2003-06-09 [FBD] 416 Mac OS X 10.3 2003-10-24 [APL] 417 FreeBSD 4.9 2003-10-28 [FBD] 418 BSD/OS 5.1 ISE 2003-10-?? [WRS] (final version) 419 OpenBSD 3.4 2003-11-01 [OBD] 420 FreeBSD 5.2 2004-01-12 [FBD] 421 FreeBSD 5.2.1 2004-02-22 [FBD] (patch release) 422 NetBSD 1.6.2 2004-03-01 [NBD] (patch release) 423 OpenBSD 3.5 2004-04-01 [OBD] 424 FreeBSD 4.10 2004-05-27 [FBD] 425 DragonFly 1.0 2004-07-12 [DFB] 426 OpenBSD 3.6 2004-10-29 [OBD] 427 FreeBSD 5.3 2004-11-06 [FBD] 428 NetBSD 2.0 2004-12-09 [NBD] 429 FreeBSD 4.11 2005-01-25 [FBD] 430 DragonFly 1.2.0 2005-04-08 [DFB] 431 NetBSD 2.0.2 2005-04-14 [NBD] (security/critical release) 432 Mac OS X 10.4 2005-04-29 [APL] 433 FreeBSD 5.4 2005-05-09 [FBD] 434 OpenBSD 3.7 2005-05-19 [OBD] 435 NetBSD 2.0.3 2005-10-31 [NBD] (security/critical release) 436 OpenBSD 3.8 2005-11-01 [OBD] 437 NetBSD 2.1 2005-11-02 [NBD] 438 439 Bibliography 440 ------------------------ 441 442 Leffler, Samuel J., Marshall Kirk McKusick, Michael J Karels and John 443 Quarterman. The Design and Implementation of the 4.3BSD UNIX Operating 444 System. Reading, Mass. Addison-Wesley, 1989. ISBN 0-201-06196-1 445 446 Salus, Peter H. A quarter century of UNIX. Addison-Wesley Publishing 447 Company, Inc., 1994. ISBN 0-201-54777-5 448 449 McKusick, Marshall Kirk, Keith Bostic, Michael J Karels, and John 450 Quarterman. The Design and Implementation of the 4.4BSD Operating 451 System. Reading, Mass. Addison-Wesley, 1996. ISBN 0-201-54979-4 452 453 McKusick, Marshall Kirk, George Neville-Neil. The Design and 454 Implementation of the FreeBSD Operating System. 455 Addison-Wesley Professional, Published: Aug 2, 2004. ISBN 0-201-70245-2 456 457 Doug McIlroy. Research Unix Reader. 458 459 Michael G. Brown. The Role of BSD in the Development of Unix. 460 Presented to the Tasmanian Unix Special Interest Group of the 461 Australian Computer Society, Hobart, August 1993. 462 463 Peter H. Salus. Unix at 25. Byte Magazine, October 1994. 464 URL: http://www.byte.com/art/9410/sec8/art3.htm 465 466 Andreas Klemm, Lars Kller. If you're going to San Francisco ... 467 Die freien BSD-Varianten von Unix. c't April 1997, page 368ff. 468 469 BSD Release Announcements collection. 470 URL: http://www.de.FreeBSD.org/de/ftp/releases/ 471 472 BSD Hypertext Man Pages 473 URL: http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi 474 475 UNIX history graphing project 476 URL: http://minnie.tuhs.org/Unix_History/index.html 477 478 UNIX history 479 URL: http://www.levenez.com/unix/ 480 481 James Howard: The BSD Family Tree 482 URL: http://www.daemonnews.org/200104/bsd_family.html 483 ("what are the differences between FreeBSD, NetBSD, and OpenBSD?") 484 485 486 Acknowledgments 487 --------------- 488 489 Josh Gilliam for suggestions, bug fixes, and finding very old 490 original BSD announcements from Usenet or tapes. 491 492 Steven M. Schultz for providing 2.8BSD, 2.10BSD, 2.11BSD manual pages. 493 494 -- 495 Copyright (c) 1997-2004 Wolfram Schneider <wosch (a] FreeBSD.ORG> 496 URL: http://cvsweb.freebsd.org/src/share/misc/bsd-family-tree 497 498 $FreeBSD: /repoman/r/ncvs/src/share/misc/bsd-family-tree,v 1.96 2005/11/01 10:32:42 maxim Exp $ 499
Indexes created Wed Nov 05 01:09:58 GMT 2025