bsd-family-tree revision 1.31
1 The UNIX system family tree: Research and BSD 2 --------------------------------------------- 3 4 First Edition (V1) 5 | 6 Second Edition (V2) 7 | 8 Third Edition (V3) 9 | 10 Fourth Edition (V4) 11 | 12 Fifth Edition (V5) 13 | 14 Sixth Edition (V6) -----* 15 \ | 16 \ | 17 \ | 18 Seventh Edition (V7) | 19 \ | 20 \ 1BSD 21 32V | 22 \ 2BSD---------------* 23 \ / | 24 \ / | 25 \/ | 26 3BSD | 27 | | 28 4.0BSD 2.7.9BSD 29 | | 30 4.1BSD --------------> 2.8BSD 31 | | 32 4.1aBSD -----------\ | 33 | \ | 34 4.1bBSD \ | 35 | \ | 36 *------ 4.1cBSD --------------> 2.9BSD 37 / | | 38 Eighth Edition | 2.9BSD-Seismo 39 | | | 40 +----<--- 4.2BSD 2.9.1BSD 41 | | | 42 +----<--- 4.3BSD -------------> 2.10BSD 43 | | / | 44 Ninth Edition | / 2.10.1BSD 45 | 4.3BSD Tahoe-----+ | 46 | | \ | 47 | | \ | 48 v | 2.11BSD 49 Tenth Edition | | 50 | 2.11BSD rev #430 51 4.3BSD NET/1 | 52 | v 53 4.3BSD Reno 54 | 55 *---------- 4.3BSD NET/2 -------------------+-------------* 56 | | | | 57 386BSD 0.0 | | BSD/386 ALPHA 58 | | | | 59 386BSD 0.1 ------------>+ | BSD/386 0.3.[13] 60 | \ | 4.4BSD Alpha | 61 | 386BSD 1.0 | | BSD/386 0.9.[34] 62 | | 4.4BSD | 63 | | / | | 64 | | 4.4BSD-Encumbered | | 65 | NetBSD 0.8 | BSD/386 1.0 66 | | | | 67 FreeBSD 1.0 NetBSD 0.9 | BSD/386 1.1 68 | | .----- 4.4BSD Lite | 69 FreeBSD 1.1 | / / | \ | 70 | | / / | \ | 71 FreeBSD 1.1.5 .---|--------' / | \ | 72 | / | / | \ | 73 FreeBSD 1.1.5.1 / | / | \ | 74 | / NetBSD 1.0 <-' | \ | 75 | / | | \ | 76 FreeBSD 2.0 <--' | | BSD/OS 2.0 77 | \ | | 78 FreeBSD 2.0.5 \ | BSD/OS 2.0.1 79 | .-----\------------- 4.4BSD Lite2 | 80 | | \ | | | | | 81 | | .-----|------Rhapsody | | | | 82 | | | | NetBSD 1.3 | | | 83 | | | | OpenBSD 2.3 | | 84 | | | | BSD/OS 3.0 | 85 FreeBSD 2.1 | | | | 86 | | | | NetBSD 1.1 ------. BSD/OS 2.1 87 | FreeBSD 2.1.5 | | | \ | 88 | | | | NetBSD 1.2 \ BSD/OS 3.0 89 | FreeBSD 2.1.6 | | | \ OpenBSD 2.0 | 90 | | | | | \ | | 91 | FreeBSD 2.1.6.1 | | | \ | | 92 | | | | | \ | | 93 | FreeBSD 2.1.7 | | | | | | 94 | | | | | NetBSD 1.2.1 | | 95 | FreeBSD 2.1.7.1 | | | | | 96 | | | | | | 97 | | | | | | 98 *-FreeBSD 2.2 | | | | | 99 | \ | | | | | 100 | FreeBSD 2.2.1 | | | | | 101 | | | | | | | 102 | FreeBSD 2.2.2 | | | OpenBSD 2.1 | 103 | | | | | | | 104 | FreeBSD 2.2.5 | | | | | 105 | | | | | OpenBSD 2.2 | 106 | | | | NetBSD 1.3 | | 107 | FreeBSD 2.2.6 | | | | | | 108 | | | | | NetBSD 1.3.1 | BSD/OS 3.1 109 | | | | | | OpenBSD 2.3 | 110 | | | | | NetBSD 1.3.2 | | 111 | FreeBSD 2.2.7 | | | | | | 112 | | | | | | | BSD/OS 4.0 113 | v | | | | | | 114 | FreeBSD 2.2.8 | | | | | | 115 | | | | | OpenBSD 2.4 | 116 FreeBSD 3.0 <--------* | | v | | 117 | | | NetBSD 1.3.3 | | 118 *---FreeBSD 3.1 | | | | 119 | | | | | BSD/OS 4.0.1 120 | FreeBSD 3.2----* | NetBSD 1.4 OpenBSD 2.5 | 121 | | | | | | | | | 122 | | | | | | | | | 123 | | | | | | | | | 124 | FreeBSD 3.3 | | | | NetBSD 1.4.1 | | 125 | | | | | | | OpenBSD 2.6 | 126 | FreeBSD 3.4 | | | | | | | 127 | | | | | | | | BSD/OS 4.1 128 FreeBSD 4.0 | | | | | NetBSD 1.4.2 | | 129 | | | | | | | | | 130 | | | | | | | | | 131 | FreeBSD 3.5 | | | | | OpenBSD 2.7 | 132 | | | | | | | | | 133 | FreeBSD 3.5.1 | | | | | | | 134 | | | | | | | | 135 *---FreeBSD 4.1 | | | | | | | 136 | | | | (?) | | | | 137 | FreeBSD 4.1.1 | | / | | | | 138 | | | | / | | | | 139 | FreeBSD 4.2 Darwin/ | NetBSD 1.4.3 | | 140 | | Mac OS X | OpenBSD 2.8 BSD/OS 4.2 141 | | | | | | 142 | | | | | | 143 | | 10.0 NetBSD 1.5 | | 144 | FreeBSD 4.3 | | | | | 145 | | | | | OpenBSD 2.9 | 146 | | | | NetBSD 1.5.1 | | 147 | | | | | | | 148 | FreeBSD 4.4-. | | NetBSD 1.5.2 | | 149 | | | Mac OS X | | | | 150 | | | 10.1 | | OpenBSD 3.0 | 151 | FreeBSD 4.5 | | | | | | 152 | | \ | | | | BSD/OS 4.3 153 | FreeBSD 4.6 \ | | | OpenBSD 3.1 | 154 | | \ | | NetBSD 1.5.3 | | 155 | FreeBSD 4.6.2 Mac OS X | | | 156 | | 10.2 | | | 157 | FreeBSD 4.7 | | | | 158 | | | NetBSD 1.6 OpenBSD 3.2 | 159 | FreeBSD 4.8 | | | | | 160 | | | | NetBSD 1.6.1 | | 161 | |--------. | | | OpenBSD 3.3 BSD/OS 5.0 162 | | \ | | | | | 163 | FreeBSD 4.9 | | | | OpenBSD 3.4 BSD/OS 5.1 ISE 164 | | | | | | | 165 | | | | | NetBSD 1.6.2 | 166 | | | | | | | 167 | | | | | | OpenBSD 3.5 168 | | | | | v | 169 | FreeBSD 4.10 | | | | 170 | | | | | | 171 | FreeBSD 4.11 | | | | 172 | | | | | | 173 | v `-|------|-----------------|---------------------. 174 | | | | \ 175 FreeBSD 5.0 | | | | 176 | | | | | 177 FreeBSD 5.1 | | | DragonFly 1.0 178 | \ | | | | 179 | ----- Mac OS X | | | 180 | 10.3 | | | 181 FreeBSD 5.2 | | | | 182 | | | | | | 183 | FreeBSD 5.2.1 | | | | 184 | | | | | 185 *---FreeBSD 5.3 | | | | 186 | | | | OpenBSD 3.6 | 187 | | | NetBSD 2.0 | | 188 | | | | | | | DragonFly 1.2.0 189 | | Mac OS X | | NetBSD 2.0.2 | | 190 | FreeBSD 5.4 10.4 | | | | | 191 | | | | | | OpenBSD 3.7 | 192 | V | | | NetBSD 2.0.3 | | 193 | | | | | | | 194 *---FreeBSD 6.0 | | | v OpenBSD 3.8 | 195 | | | | | | | 196 | V | | \ | | 197 | | | NetBSD 2.1 | | 198 | | | | | 199 | | NetBSD 3.0 | | 200 | | | | DragonFly 1.4.0 201 | | | | | 202 FreeBSD 7 -current | NetBSD -current OpenBSD -current | 203 | | | | | 204 v v v v v 205 206 Time 207 ---------------- 208 209 Time tolerance +/- 6 months, depending on which book/article you read; if it 210 was the announcement in Usenet or if it was available as tape. 211 212 [44B] McKusick, Marshall Kirk, Keith Bostic, Michael J Karels, 213 and John Quarterman. The Design and Implementation of 214 the 4.4BSD Operating System. 215 [APL] Apple website [http://www.apple.com/macosx/] 216 [BSDI] Berkeley Software Design, Inc. 217 [DFB] DragonFlyBSD Project, The. 218 [DOC] README, COPYRIGHT on tape. 219 [FBD] FreeBSD Project, The. 220 [KB] Keith Bostic. BSD2.10 available from Usenix. comp.unix.sources, 221 Volume 11, Info 4, April, 1987. 222 [KKK] Mike Karels, Kirk McKusick, and Keith Bostic. tahoe announcement. 223 comp.bugs.4bsd.ucb-fixes, June 15, 1988. 224 [KSJ] Michael J. Karels, Carl F. Smith, and William F. Jolitz. 225 Changes in the Kernel in 2.9BSD. Second Berkeley Software 226 Distribution UNIX Version 2.9, July, 1983. 227 [NBD] NetBSD Project, The. 228 [OBD] OpenBSD Project, The. 229 [QCU] Salus, Peter H. A quarter century of UNIX. 230 [SMS] Steven M. Schultz. 2.11BSD, UNIX for the PDP-11. 231 [USE] Usenet announcement. 232 [WRS] Wind River Systems, Inc. 233 [dmr] Dennis Ritchie, via E-Mail 234 235 Multics 1965 236 UNIX Summer 1969 237 DEC PDP-7 238 First Edition 1971-11-03 [QCU] 239 DEC PDP-11/20, Assembler 240 Second Edition 1972-06-12 [QCU] 241 10 UNIX installations 242 Third Edition 1973-02-xx [QCU] 243 Pipes, 16 installations 244 Fourth Edition 1973-11-xx [QCU] 245 rewriting in C effected, 246 above 30 installations 247 Fifth Edition 1974-06-xx [QCU] 248 above 50 installations 249 Sixth Edition 1975-05-xx [QCU] 250 port to DEC Vax 251 Seventh Edition 1979-01-xx [QCU] 252 first portable UNIX 253 Eighth Edition 1985-02-xx [QCU] 254 VAX 11/750, VAX 11/780 [dmr] 255 descended from 4.1c BSD [dmr] 256 descended from 4.1 BSD [44B] 257 scooping-out and replacement of the character-device 258 and networking part by the streams mechanism 259 260 Ninth Edition 1986-09-xx [QCU] 261 Tenth Edition 1989-10-xx [QCU] 262 263 1BSD late 1977 264 1978-03-09 [QCU] 265 PDP-11, Pascal, ex(1) 266 30 free copies of 1BSD sent out 267 35 tapes sold for 50 USD [QCU] 268 2BSD mid 1978 [QCU] 269 75 2BSD tapes shipped 270 2.7.9BSD ?? [SMS] 271 2.8BSD 1981-07-xx [KSJ] 272 273 2.8.1BSD 1982-01-xx [QCU] 274 set of performance improvements 275 2.9BSD 1983-07-xx [KSJ] 276 2.9.1BSD 1983-11-xx 277 2.9BSD-Seismo 1985-08-xx [SMS] 278 2.10BSD 1987-04-xx [KKK] 279 2.10.1BSD 1989-01-xx [SMS] 280 2.11BSD 1992-02-xx [SMS] 281 2.11BSD rev #430 1999-12-13 [SMS] 282 283 32V 1978-1[01]-xx [QCU] 284 3BSD late 1979 [QCU] 285 virtual memory, page replacement, 286 demand paging 287 4.0BSD 1980-10-xx 288 4.1BSD 1981-07-08 [DOC] 289 4.1aBSD 1982-04-xx 290 alpha release, 100 sites, networking [44B] 291 4.1bBSD internal release, fast filesystem [44B] 292 4.1cBSD late 1982 293 beta release, IPC [44B] 294 4.2BSD 1983-09-xx [QCU] 295 1983-08-03 [DOC] 296 4.3BSD 1986-06-xx [QCU] 297 1986-04-05 [KB], [DOC] 298 4.3BSD Tahoe 1988-06-15 [QCU], [DOC] 299 4.3BSD NET/1 1988-11-xx [QCU] 300 1989-01-01 [DOC] 301 4.3BSD Reno 1990-06-29 [QCU], [DOC] 302 4.3BSD NET/2 1991-06-28 [QCU], [DOC] 303 304 BSD/386 ALPHA 1991-12-xx [BSDI] 305 first code released to people outside BSDI 306 386BSD 0.0 1992-02-xx [DOC] 307 BSD/386 0.3.1 1992-04-xx [BSDI] first ext. beta; B customers 308 BSD/386 0.3.3 1992-06-xx [BSDI] first CDROM version 309 386BSD 0.1 1992-07-28 [DOC] 310 4.4BSD Alpha 1992-07-07 311 BSD/386 0.9.3 1992-10-xx [BSDI] 312 first external gamma; G customers 313 BSD/386 0.9.4 1992-12-xx [BSDI] 314 would have been 1.0 except for request 315 for preliminary injunction 316 BSD/386 1.0 1993-03-xx [BSDI] 317 injunction denied; first official release 318 NetBSD 0.8 1993-04-20 [NBD] 319 4.4BSD 1993-06-01 [USE] 320 NetBSD 0.9 1993-08-23 [NBD] 321 FreeBSD 1.0 1993-11-01 [FBD] 322 BSD/386 1.1 1994-02-xx [BSDI] 323 4.4BSD Lite 1994-03-01 [USE] 324 FreeBSD 1.1 1994-05-07 [FBD] 325 FreeBSD 1.1.5 1994-06-30 [FBD] 326 FreeBSD 1.1.5.1 1994-07-05 [FBD] 327 supersedes 1.1.5 5 days after release. 328 NetBSD 1.0 1994-10-26 [NBD] 329 386BSD 1.0 1994-11-12 [USE] 330 FreeBSD 2.0 1994-11-23 [FBD] 331 BSD/OS 2.0 1995-01-xx [BSDI] 4.4 lite based 332 FreeBSD 2.0.5 1995-06-10 [FBD] 333 BSD/OS 2.0.1 1995-06-xx [BSDI] 334 4.4BSD Lite Release 2 1995-06-xx [44B] 335 the true final distribution from the CSRG 336 FreeBSD 2.1.0 1995-11-19 [FBD] 337 NetBSD 1.1 1995-11-26 [NBD] 338 BSD/OS 2.1 1996-01-xx [BSDI] 339 FreeBSD 2.1.5 1996-07-14 [FBD] 340 NetBSD 1.2 1996-10-04 [NBD] 341 OpenBSD 2.0 1996-10-18 [OBD] 342 FreeBSD 2.1.6 1996-11-16 [FBD] 343 FreeBSD 2.1.6.1 1996-11-25 [FBD] (sendmail security release) 344 Rhapsody 1997-xx-xx 345 FreeBSD 2.1.7 1997-02-20 [FBD] 346 BSD/OS 3.0 1997-02-xx [BSDI] 4.4 lite2 based 347 FreeBSD 2.2.0 1997-03-16 [FBD] 348 FreeBSD 2.2.1 1997-03-25 [FBD] 349 FreeBSD 2.2.2 1997-05-16 [FBD] 350 NetBSD 1.2.1 1997-05-20 [NBD] (patch release) 351 OpenBSD 2.1 1997-06-01 [OBD] 352 FreeBSD 2.2.5 1997-10-22 [FBD] 353 OpenBSD 2.2 1997-12-01 [OBD] 354 NetBSD 1.3 1998-01-04 [NBD] 355 FreeBSD 2.2.6 1998-03-25 [FBD] 356 NetBSD 1.3.1 1998-03-09 [NBD] (patch release) 357 BSD/OS 3.1 1998-03-xx [BSDI] 358 OpenBSD 2.3 1998-05-19 [OBD] 359 NetBSD 1.3.2 1998-05-29 [NBD] (patch release) 360 FreeBSD 2.2.7 1998-07-22 [FBD] 361 BSD/OS 4.0 1998-08-xx [BSDI] 362 2-lock MP support, ELF executables 363 FreeBSD 3.0 1998-10-16 [FBD] 364 FreeBSD-3.0 is a snapshot from -current, 365 while 3.1 and 3.2 are from 3.x-stable which 366 was branched quite some time after 3.0-release 367 FreeBSD 2.2.8 1998-11-29 [FBD] 368 OpenBSD 2.4 1998-12-01 [OBD] 369 NetBSD 1.3.3 1998-12-23 [NBD] (patch release) 370 FreeBSD 3.1 1999-02-15 [FBD] 371 BSD/OS 4.0.1 1999-03-xx [BSDI] 372 NetBSD 1.4 1999-05-12 [NBD] 373 FreeBSD 3.2 1999-05-17 [FBD] 374 OpenBSD 2.5 1999-05-19 [OBD] 375 NetBSD 1.4.1 1999-08-26 [NBD] (patch release) 376 FreeBSD 3.3 1999-09-17 [FBD] 377 OpenBSD 2.6 1999-12-01 [OBD] 378 FreeBSD 3.4 1999-12-20 [FBD] 379 BSD/OS 4.1 1999-12-xx [BSDI] 380 FreeBSD 4.0 2000-03-13 [FBD] 381 NetBSD 1.4.2 2000-03-19 [NBD] (patch release) 382 OpenBSD 2.7 2000-06-15 [OBD] 383 FreeBSD 3.5 2000-06-24 [FBD] 384 FreeBSD 4.1 2000-07-27 [FBD] 385 FreeBSD 3.5.1 2000-07-28 [FBD] 386 FreeBSD 4.1.1 2000-09-25 [FBD] (a network-only patch release) 387 FreeBSD 4.2 2000-11-21 [FBD] 388 NetBSD 1.4.3 2000-11-25 [NBD] (patch release) 389 BSD/OS 4.2 2000-11-29 [BSDI] 390 OpenBSD 2.8 2000-12-01 [OBD] 391 NetBSD 1.5 2000-12-06 [NBD] 392 Mac OS X 10.0 2001-03-24 [APL] 393 FreeBSD 4.3 2001-04-20 [FBD] 394 OpenBSD 2.9 2001-06-01 [OBD] 395 NetBSD 1.5.1 2001-07-11 [NBD] (patch release) 396 NetBSD 1.5.2 2001-09-13 [NBD] (patch release) 397 FreeBSD 4.4 2001-09-18 [FBD] 398 Mac OS X 10.1 2001-09-29 [APL] 399 OpenBSD 3.0 2001-12-01 [OBD] 400 FreeBSD 4.5 2002-01-29 [FBD] 401 BSD/OS 4.3 2002-03-14 [WRS] 402 OpenBSD 3.1 2002-05-19 [OBD] 403 FreeBSD 4.6 2002-06-15 [FBD] 404 NetBSD 1.5.3 2002-07-22 [NBD] (patch release) 405 FreeBSD 4.6.2 2002-08-15 [FBD] (patch release) 406 Mac OS X 10.2 2002-08-23 [APL] 407 NetBSD 1.6 2002-09-14 [NBD] 408 FreeBSD 4.7 2002-10-08 [FBD] 409 OpenBSD 3.2 2002-11-01 [OBD] 410 FreeBSD 5.0 2003-01-17 [FBD] 411 FreeBSD 5.0 is a separate branch off of 412 -current, similar to 3.0. 413 FreeBSD 4.8 2003-04-03 [FBD] 414 NetBSD 1.6.1 2003-04-21 [NBD] (patch release) 415 OpenBSD 3.3 2003-05-01 [OBD] 416 BSD/OS 5.0 2003-05-?? [WRS] 417 FreeBSD 5.1 2003-06-09 [FBD] 418 Mac OS X 10.3 2003-10-24 [APL] 419 FreeBSD 4.9 2003-10-28 [FBD] 420 BSD/OS 5.1 ISE 2003-10-?? [WRS] (final version) 421 OpenBSD 3.4 2003-11-01 [OBD] 422 FreeBSD 5.2 2004-01-12 [FBD] 423 FreeBSD 5.2.1 2004-02-22 [FBD] (patch release) 424 NetBSD 1.6.2 2004-03-01 [NBD] (patch release) 425 OpenBSD 3.5 2004-04-01 [OBD] 426 FreeBSD 4.10 2004-05-27 [FBD] 427 DragonFly 1.0 2004-07-12 [DFB] 428 OpenBSD 3.6 2004-10-29 [OBD] 429 FreeBSD 5.3 2004-11-06 [FBD] 430 NetBSD 2.0 2004-12-09 [NBD] 431 FreeBSD 4.11 2005-01-25 [FBD] 432 DragonFly 1.2.0 2005-04-08 [DFB] 433 NetBSD 2.0.2 2005-04-14 [NBD] (security/critical release) 434 Mac OS X 10.4 2005-04-29 [APL] 435 FreeBSD 5.4 2005-05-09 [FBD] 436 OpenBSD 3.7 2005-05-19 [OBD] 437 NetBSD 2.0.3 2005-10-31 [NBD] (security/critical release) 438 OpenBSD 3.8 2005-11-01 [OBD] 439 FreeBSD 6.0 2005-11-01 [FBD] 440 NetBSD 2.1 2005-11-02 [NBD] 441 NetBSD 3.0 2005-12-23 [NBD] 442 DragonFly 1.4.0 2006-01-08 [DFB] 443 444 Bibliography 445 ------------------------ 446 447 Leffler, Samuel J., Marshall Kirk McKusick, Michael J Karels and John 448 Quarterman. The Design and Implementation of the 4.3BSD UNIX Operating 449 System. Reading, Mass. Addison-Wesley, 1989. ISBN 0-201-06196-1 450 451 Salus, Peter H. A quarter century of UNIX. Addison-Wesley Publishing 452 Company, Inc., 1994. ISBN 0-201-54777-5 453 454 McKusick, Marshall Kirk, Keith Bostic, Michael J Karels, and John 455 Quarterman. The Design and Implementation of the 4.4BSD Operating 456 System. Reading, Mass. Addison-Wesley, 1996. ISBN 0-201-54979-4 457 458 McKusick, Marshall Kirk, George Neville-Neil. The Design and 459 Implementation of the FreeBSD Operating System. 460 Addison-Wesley Professional, Published: Aug 2, 2004. ISBN 0-201-70245-2 461 462 Doug McIlroy. Research Unix Reader. 463 464 Michael G. Brown. The Role of BSD in the Development of Unix. 465 Presented to the Tasmanian Unix Special Interest Group of the 466 Australian Computer Society, Hobart, August 1993. 467 468 Peter H. Salus. Unix at 25. Byte Magazine, October 1994. 469 URL: http://www.byte.com/art/9410/sec8/art3.htm 470 471 Andreas Klemm, Lars Kller. If you're going to San Francisco ... 472 Die freien BSD-Varianten von Unix. c't April 1997, page 368ff. 473 474 BSD Release Announcements collection. 475 URL: http://www.de.FreeBSD.org/de/ftp/releases/ 476 477 BSD Hypertext Man Pages 478 URL: http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi 479 480 UNIX history graphing project 481 URL: http://minnie.tuhs.org/Unix_History/index.html 482 483 UNIX history 484 URL: http://www.levenez.com/unix/ 485 486 James Howard: The BSD Family Tree 487 URL: http://www.NetBSD.org/~rpaulo/bsd_family.html 488 (mirrored from http://www.daemonnews.org/200104/bsd_family.html) 489 ("what are the differences between FreeBSD, NetBSD, and OpenBSD?") 490 491 492 Acknowledgments 493 --------------- 494 495 Josh Gilliam for suggestions, bug fixes, and finding very old 496 original BSD announcements from Usenet or tapes. 497 498 Steven M. Schultz for providing 2.8BSD, 2.10BSD, 2.11BSD manual pages. 499 500 -- 501 Copyright (c) 1997-2004 Wolfram Schneider <wosch (a] FreeBSD.ORG> 502 URL: http://cvsweb.freebsd.org/src/share/misc/bsd-family-tree 503 504 $FreeBSD: /repoman/r/ncvs/src/share/misc/bsd-family-tree,v 1.100 2006/01/08 20:23:35 maxim Exp $ 505
Indexes created Wed Nov 05 01:09:58 GMT 2025