help.common revision 1.1 1 1.1 cherry ################################################################################
2 1.1 cherry # Thelp DDisplay command help
3 1.1 cherry
4 1.1 cherry help [topic [subtopic]]
5 1.1 cherry help index
6 1.1 cherry
7 1.1 cherry The help command displays help on commands and their usage.
8 1.1 cherry
9 1.1 cherry In command help, a term enclosed with <...> indicates a value as
10 1.1 cherry described by the term. A term enclosed with [...] is optional,
11 1.1 cherry and may not be required by all forms of the command.
12 1.1 cherry
13 1.1 cherry Some commands may not be available. Use the '?' command to list
14 1.1 cherry most available commands.
15 1.1 cherry
16 1.1 cherry ################################################################################
17 1.1 cherry # T? DList available commands
18 1.1 cherry
19 1.1 cherry ?
20 1.1 cherry
21 1.1 cherry Lists all available commands.
22 1.1 cherry
23 1.1 cherry ################################################################################
24 1.1 cherry # Tautoboot DBoot after a delay
25 1.1 cherry
26 1.1 cherry autoboot [<delay> [<prompt>]]
27 1.1 cherry
28 1.1 cherry Displays <prompt> or a default prompt, and counts down <delay> seconds
29 1.1 cherry before attempting to boot. If <delay> is not specified, the default
30 1.1 cherry value is 10.
31 1.1 cherry
32 1.1 cherry ################################################################################
33 1.1 cherry # Tboot DBoot immediately
34 1.1 cherry
35 1.1 cherry boot [<kernelname>] [-<arg> ...]
36 1.1 cherry
37 1.1 cherry Boot the system. If arguments are specified, they are added to the
38 1.1 cherry arguments for the kernel. If <kernelname> is specified, and a kernel
39 1.1 cherry has not already been loaded, it will be booted instead of the default
40 1.1 cherry kernel.
41 1.1 cherry
42 1.1 cherry ################################################################################
43 1.1 cherry # Tbcachestat DGet disk block cache stats
44 1.1 cherry
45 1.1 cherry bcachestat
46 1.1 cherry
47 1.1 cherry Displays statistics about disk cache usage. For depuration only.
48 1.1 cherry
49 1.1 cherry ################################################################################
50 1.1 cherry # Techo DEcho arguments
51 1.1 cherry
52 1.1 cherry echo [-n] [<message>]
53 1.1 cherry
54 1.1 cherry Emits <message>, with no trailing newline if -n is specified. This is
55 1.1 cherry most useful in conjunction with scripts and the '@' line prefix.
56 1.1 cherry
57 1.1 cherry Variables are substituted by prefixing them with $, eg.
58 1.1 cherry
59 1.1 cherry echo Current device is $currdev
60 1.1 cherry
61 1.1 cherry will print the current device.
62 1.1 cherry
63 1.1 cherry ################################################################################
64 1.1 cherry # Tload DLoad a kernel or module
65 1.1 cherry
66 1.1 cherry load [-t <type>] <filename>
67 1.1 cherry
68 1.1 cherry Loads the module contained in <filename> into memory. If no other
69 1.1 cherry modules are loaded, <filename> must be a kernel or the command will
70 1.1 cherry fail.
71 1.1 cherry
72 1.1 cherry If -t is specified, the module is loaded as raw data of <type>, for
73 1.1 cherry later use by the kernel or other modules. <type> may be any string.
74 1.1 cherry
75 1.1 cherry ################################################################################
76 1.1 cherry # Tls DList files
77 1.1 cherry
78 1.1 cherry ls [-l] [<path>]
79 1.1 cherry
80 1.1 cherry Displays a listing of files in the directory <path>, or the root
81 1.1 cherry directory of the current device if <path> is not specified.
82 1.1 cherry
83 1.1 cherry The -l argument displays file sizes as well; the process of obtaining
84 1.1 cherry file sizes on some media may be very slow.
85 1.1 cherry
86 1.1 cherry ################################################################################
87 1.1 cherry # Tlsdev DList devices
88 1.1 cherry
89 1.1 cherry lsdev [-v]
90 1.1 cherry
91 1.1 cherry List all of the devices from which it may be possible to load modules.
92 1.1 cherry If -v is specified, print more details.
93 1.1 cherry
94 1.1 cherry ################################################################################
95 1.1 cherry # Tlsmod DList modules
96 1.1 cherry
97 1.1 cherry lsmod [-v]
98 1.1 cherry
99 1.1 cherry List loaded modules. If [-v] is specified, print more details.
100 1.1 cherry
101 1.1 cherry ################################################################################
102 1.1 cherry # Tmore DPage files
103 1.1 cherry
104 1.1 cherry more <filename> [<filename> ...]
105 1.1 cherry
106 1.1 cherry Show contents of text files. When displaying the contents of more,
107 1.1 cherry than one file, if the user elects to quit displaying a file, the
108 1.1 cherry remaining files will not be shown.
109 1.1 cherry
110 1.1 cherry ################################################################################
111 1.1 cherry # Tpnpscan DScan for PnP devices
112 1.1 cherry
113 1.1 cherry pnpscan [-v]
114 1.1 cherry
115 1.1 cherry Scan for Plug-and-Play devices. This command is normally automatically
116 1.1 cherry run as part of the boot process, in order to dynamically load modules
117 1.1 cherry required for system operation.
118 1.1 cherry
119 1.1 cherry If the -v argument is specified, details on the devices found will
120 1.1 cherry be printed.
121 1.1 cherry
122 1.1 cherry ################################################################################
123 1.1 cherry # Tset DSet a variable
124 1.1 cherry
125 1.1 cherry set <variable name>
126 1.1 cherry set <variable name>=<value>
127 1.1 cherry
128 1.1 cherry The set command is used to set variables.
129 1.1 cherry
130 1.1 cherry ################################################################################
131 1.1 cherry # Tset Sautoboot_delay DSet the default autoboot delay
132 1.1 cherry
133 1.1 cherry set autoboot_delay=<value>
134 1.1 cherry
135 1.1 cherry Sets the default delay for the autoboot command to <value> seconds.
136 1.1 cherry
137 1.1 cherry ################################################################################
138 1.1 cherry # Tset Sbootfile DSet the default boot file set
139 1.1 cherry
140 1.1 cherry set bootfile=<filename>[;<filename>...]
141 1.1 cherry
142 1.1 cherry Sets the default set of kernel boot filename(s). It may be overridden
143 1.1 cherry by setting the bootfile variable to a semicolon-separated list of
144 1.1 cherry filenames, each of which will be searched for in the module_path
145 1.1 cherry directories. The default bootfile set is "kernel".
146 1.1 cherry
147 1.1 cherry ################################################################################
148 1.1 cherry # Tset Sboot_askname DPrompt for root device
149 1.1 cherry
150 1.1 cherry set boot_askname
151 1.1 cherry
152 1.1 cherry Instructs the kernel to prompt the user for the name of the root device
153 1.1 cherry when the kernel is booted.
154 1.1 cherry
155 1.1 cherry ################################################################################
156 1.1 cherry # Tset Sboot_cdrom DMount root file system from CD-ROM
157 1.1 cherry
158 1.1 cherry set boot_cdrom
159 1.1 cherry
160 1.1 cherry Instructs the kernel to try to mount the root file system from CD-ROM.
161 1.1 cherry
162 1.1 cherry ################################################################################
163 1.1 cherry # Tset Sboot_ddb DDrop to the kernel debugger (DDB)
164 1.1 cherry
165 1.1 cherry set boot_ddb
166 1.1 cherry
167 1.1 cherry Instructs the kernel to start in the DDB debugger, rather than
168 1.1 cherry proceeding to initialize when booted.
169 1.1 cherry
170 1.1 cherry ################################################################################
171 1.1 cherry # Tset Sboot_gdb DSelect gdb-remote mode for the kernel debugger
172 1.1 cherry
173 1.1 cherry set boot_gdb
174 1.1 cherry
175 1.1 cherry Selects gdb-remote mode for the kernel debugger by default.
176 1.1 cherry
177 1.1 cherry ################################################################################
178 1.1 cherry # Tset Sboot_multicons DUse multiple consoles
179 1.1 cherry
180 1.1 cherry set boot_multicons
181 1.1 cherry
182 1.1 cherry Enables multiple console support in the kernel early on boot.
183 1.1 cherry In a running system, console configuration can be manipulated
184 1.1 cherry by the conscontrol(8) utility.
185 1.1 cherry
186 1.1 cherry ################################################################################
187 1.1 cherry # Tset Sboot_serial DUse serial console
188 1.1 cherry
189 1.1 cherry set boot_serial
190 1.1 cherry
191 1.1 cherry Force the use of a serial console even when an internal console
192 1.1 cherry is present.
193 1.1 cherry
194 1.1 cherry ################################################################################
195 1.1 cherry # Tset Sboot_single DStart system in single-user mode
196 1.1 cherry
197 1.1 cherry set boot_single
198 1.1 cherry
199 1.1 cherry Prevents the kernel from initiating a multi-user startup; instead,
200 1.1 cherry a single-user mode will be entered when the kernel has finished
201 1.1 cherry device probes.
202 1.1 cherry
203 1.1 cherry ################################################################################
204 1.1 cherry # Tset Sboot_verbose DVerbose boot messages
205 1.1 cherry
206 1.1 cherry set boot_verbose
207 1.1 cherry
208 1.1 cherry Setting this variable causes extra debugging information to be printed
209 1.1 cherry by the kernel during the boot phase.
210 1.1 cherry
211 1.1 cherry ################################################################################
212 1.1 cherry # Tset Sconsole DSet the current console
213 1.1 cherry
214 1.1 cherry set console[=<value>]
215 1.1 cherry
216 1.1 cherry Sets the current console. If <value> is omitted, a list of valid
217 1.1 cherry consoles will be displayed.
218 1.1 cherry
219 1.1 cherry ################################################################################
220 1.1 cherry # Tset Scurrdev DSet the current device
221 1.1 cherry
222 1.1 cherry set currdev=<device>
223 1.1 cherry
224 1.1 cherry Selects the default device. Syntax for devices is odd.
225 1.1 cherry
226 1.1 cherry ################################################################################
227 1.1 cherry # Tset Sinit_path DSet the list of init candidates
228 1.1 cherry
229 1.1 cherry set init_path=<path>[:<path>...]
230 1.1 cherry
231 1.1 cherry Sets the list of binaries which the kernel will try to run as initial
232 1.1 cherry process.
233 1.1 cherry
234 1.1 cherry
235 1.1 cherry ################################################################################
236 1.1 cherry # Tset Smodule_path DSet the module search path
237 1.1 cherry
238 1.1 cherry set module_path=<path>[;<path>...]
239 1.1 cherry
240 1.1 cherry Sets the list of directories which will be searched in for modules
241 1.1 cherry named in a load command or implicitly required by a dependency. The
242 1.1 cherry default module_path is "/boot/modules" with the kernel directory
243 1.1 cherry prepended.
244 1.1 cherry
245 1.1 cherry ################################################################################
246 1.1 cherry # Tset Sprompt DSet the command prompt
247 1.1 cherry
248 1.1 cherry set prompt=<value>
249 1.1 cherry
250 1.1 cherry The command prompt is displayed when the loader is waiting for input.
251 1.1 cherry Variable substitution is performed on the prompt. The default
252 1.1 cherry prompt can be set with:
253 1.1 cherry
254 1.1 cherry set prompt=\${interpret}
255 1.1 cherry
256 1.1 cherry ################################################################################
257 1.1 cherry # Tset Srootdev DSet the root filesystem
258 1.1 cherry
259 1.1 cherry set rootdev=<path>
260 1.1 cherry
261 1.1 cherry By default the value of $currdev is used to set the root filesystem
262 1.1 cherry when the kernel is booted. This can be overridden by setting
263 1.1 cherry $rootdev explicitly.
264 1.1 cherry
265 1.1 cherry ################################################################################
266 1.1 cherry # Tset Stunables DSet kernel tunable values
267 1.1 cherry
268 1.1 cherry Various kernel tunable parameters can be overridden by specifying new
269 1.1 cherry values in the environment.
270 1.1 cherry
271 1.1 cherry set kern.ipc.nmbclusters=<value> NMBCLUSTERS
272 1.1 cherry
273 1.1 cherry Set the number of mbuf clusters to be allocated. The value
274 1.1 cherry cannot be set below the default determined when the kernel
275 1.1 cherry was compiled.
276 1.1 cherry
277 1.1 cherry set kern.ipc.nsfbufs=<value> NSFBUFS
278 1.1 cherry
279 1.1 cherry Set the number of sendfile buffers to be allocated. This
280 1.1 cherry overrides the value determined when the kernel was compiled.
281 1.1 cherry
282 1.1 cherry set vm.kmem_size=<value> VM_KMEM_SIZE
283 1.1 cherry
284 1.1 cherry Sets the size of kernel memory (bytes). This overrides
285 1.1 cherry the value determined when the kernel was compiled.
286 1.1 cherry
287 1.1 cherry set machdep.disable_mtrrs=1
288 1.1 cherry
289 1.1 cherry Disable the use of i686 MTRRs (i386 only)
290 1.1 cherry
291 1.1 cherry set net.inet.tcp.tcbhashsize=<value> TCBHASHSIZE
292 1.1 cherry
293 1.1 cherry Overrides the compile-time set value of TCBHASHSIZE or
294 1.1 cherry the preset default of 512. Must be a power of 2.
295 1.1 cherry
296 1.1 cherry hw.syscons.sc_no_suspend_vtswitch=<value>
297 1.1 cherry
298 1.1 cherry Disable VT switching on suspend.
299 1.1 cherry
300 1.1 cherry value is 0 (default) or non-zero to enable.
301 1.1 cherry
302 1.1 cherry set hw.physmem=<value> MAXMEM (i386 only)
303 1.1 cherry
304 1.1 cherry Limits the amount of physical memory space available to
305 1.1 cherry the system to <value> bytes. <value> may have a k, M or G
306 1.1 cherry suffix to indicate kilobytes, megabytes and gigabytes
307 1.1 cherry respectively. Note that the current i386 architecture
308 1.1 cherry limits this value to 4GB.
309 1.1 cherry
310 1.1 cherry On systems where memory cannot be accurately probed,
311 1.1 cherry this option provides a hint as to the actual size of
312 1.1 cherry system memory (which will be tested before use).
313 1.1 cherry
314 1.1 cherry set hw.{acpi,pci}.host_start_mem=<value>
315 1.1 cherry
316 1.1 cherry Sets the lowest address that the pci code will assign
317 1.1 cherry when it doesn't have other information about the address
318 1.1 cherry to assign (like from a pci bridge). This is only useful
319 1.1 cherry in older systems without a pci bridge. Also, it only
320 1.1 cherry impacts devices that the BIOS doesn't assign to, typically
321 1.1 cherry CardBus bridges. The default <value> is 0x80000000, but
322 1.1 cherry some systems need values like 0xf0000000, 0xfc000000 or
323 1.1 cherry 0xfe000000 may be suitable for older systems (the older
324 1.1 cherry the system, the higher the number typically should be).
325 1.1 cherry
326 1.1 cherry set hw.pci.enable_io_modes=<value>
327 1.1 cherry
328 1.1 cherry Enable PCI resources which are left off by some BIOSes
329 1.1 cherry or are not enabled correctly by the device driver.
330 1.1 cherry
331 1.1 cherry value is 1 (default), but this may cause problems with
332 1.1 cherry some peripherals. Set to 0 to disable.
333 1.1 cherry
334 1.1 cherry ################################################################################
335 1.1 cherry # Tshow DShow the values of variables
336 1.1 cherry
337 1.1 cherry show [<variable>]
338 1.1 cherry
339 1.1 cherry Displays the value of <variable>, or all variables if not specified.
340 1.1 cherry Multiple paths can be separated with a semicolon.
341 1.1 cherry
342 1.1 cherry ################################################################################
343 1.1 cherry # Tinclude DRead commands from a script file
344 1.1 cherry
345 1.1 cherry include <filename> [<filename> ...]
346 1.1 cherry
347 1.1 cherry The entire contents of <filename> are read into memory before executing
348 1.1 cherry commands, so it is safe to source a file from removable media.
349 1.1 cherry
350 1.1 cherry ################################################################################
351 1.1 cherry # Tread DRead input from the terminal
352 1.1 cherry
353 1.1 cherry read [-t <value>] [-p <prompt>] [<variable name>]
354 1.1 cherry
355 1.1 cherry The read command reads a line of input from the terminal. If the
356 1.1 cherry -t argument is specified, it will return nothing if no input has been
357 1.1 cherry received after <value> seconds. (Any keypress will cancel the
358 1.1 cherry timeout).
359 1.1 cherry
360 1.1 cherry If -p is specified, <prompt> is printed before reading input. No
361 1.1 cherry newline is emitted after the prompt.
362 1.1 cherry
363 1.1 cherry If a variable name is supplied, the variable is set to the value read,
364 1.1 cherry less any terminating newline.
365 1.1 cherry
366 1.1 cherry ################################################################################
367 1.1 cherry # Tunload DRemove all modules from memory
368 1.1 cherry
369 1.1 cherry unload
370 1.1 cherry
371 1.1 cherry This command removes any kernel and all loaded modules from memory.
372 1.1 cherry
373 1.1 cherry ################################################################################
374 1.1 cherry # Tunset DUnset a variable
375 1.1 cherry
376 1.1 cherry unset <variable name>
377 1.1 cherry
378 1.1 cherry If allowed, the named variable's value is discarded and the variable
379 1.1 cherry is removed.
380 1.1 cherry
381 1.1 cherry ################################################################################
382