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help.common revision 1.1.6.2
      1  1.1.6.2  simonb ################################################################################
      2  1.1.6.2  simonb # Thelp DDisplay command help
      3  1.1.6.2  simonb 
      4  1.1.6.2  simonb 	help [topic [subtopic]]
      5  1.1.6.2  simonb 	help index
      6  1.1.6.2  simonb 
      7  1.1.6.2  simonb 	The help command displays help on commands and their usage.
      8  1.1.6.2  simonb 
      9  1.1.6.2  simonb 	In command help, a term enclosed with <...> indicates a value as
     10  1.1.6.2  simonb 	described by the term.  A term enclosed with [...] is optional,
     11  1.1.6.2  simonb 	and may not be required by all forms of the command.
     12  1.1.6.2  simonb 
     13  1.1.6.2  simonb 	Some commands may not be available.  Use the '?' command to list
     14  1.1.6.2  simonb 	most available commands.
     15  1.1.6.2  simonb 
     16  1.1.6.2  simonb ################################################################################
     17  1.1.6.2  simonb # T? DList available commands
     18  1.1.6.2  simonb 
     19  1.1.6.2  simonb 	?
     20  1.1.6.2  simonb 
     21  1.1.6.2  simonb 	Lists all available commands.
     22  1.1.6.2  simonb 
     23  1.1.6.2  simonb ################################################################################
     24  1.1.6.2  simonb # Tautoboot DBoot after a delay
     25  1.1.6.2  simonb 
     26  1.1.6.2  simonb 	autoboot [<delay> [<prompt>]]
     27  1.1.6.2  simonb 
     28  1.1.6.2  simonb 	Displays <prompt> or a default prompt, and counts down <delay> seconds
     29  1.1.6.2  simonb 	before attempting to boot.  If <delay> is not specified, the default
     30  1.1.6.2  simonb 	value is 10.
     31  1.1.6.2  simonb 
     32  1.1.6.2  simonb ################################################################################
     33  1.1.6.2  simonb # Tboot DBoot immediately
     34  1.1.6.2  simonb 
     35  1.1.6.2  simonb 	boot [<kernelname>] [-<arg> ...]
     36  1.1.6.2  simonb 
     37  1.1.6.2  simonb 	Boot the system.  If arguments are specified, they are added to the
     38  1.1.6.2  simonb 	arguments for the kernel.  If <kernelname> is specified, and a kernel
     39  1.1.6.2  simonb 	has not already been loaded, it will be booted instead of the default
     40  1.1.6.2  simonb 	kernel.
     41  1.1.6.2  simonb 
     42  1.1.6.2  simonb ################################################################################
     43  1.1.6.2  simonb # Tbcachestat DGet disk block cache stats
     44  1.1.6.2  simonb 
     45  1.1.6.2  simonb 	bcachestat
     46  1.1.6.2  simonb 
     47  1.1.6.2  simonb 	Displays statistics about disk cache usage.  For depuration only.
     48  1.1.6.2  simonb 
     49  1.1.6.2  simonb ################################################################################
     50  1.1.6.2  simonb # Techo DEcho arguments
     51  1.1.6.2  simonb 
     52  1.1.6.2  simonb 	echo [-n] [<message>]
     53  1.1.6.2  simonb 
     54  1.1.6.2  simonb 	Emits <message>, with no trailing newline if -n is specified.  This is
     55  1.1.6.2  simonb 	most useful in conjunction with scripts and the '@' line prefix.
     56  1.1.6.2  simonb 
     57  1.1.6.2  simonb 	Variables are substituted by prefixing them with $, eg.
     58  1.1.6.2  simonb 
     59  1.1.6.2  simonb 		echo Current device is $currdev
     60  1.1.6.2  simonb 
     61  1.1.6.2  simonb 	will print the current device.
     62  1.1.6.2  simonb 
     63  1.1.6.2  simonb ################################################################################
     64  1.1.6.2  simonb # Tload DLoad a kernel or module
     65  1.1.6.2  simonb 	
     66  1.1.6.2  simonb 	load [-t <type>] <filename>
     67  1.1.6.2  simonb 
     68  1.1.6.2  simonb 	Loads the module contained in <filename> into memory.  If no other
     69  1.1.6.2  simonb 	modules are loaded, <filename> must be a kernel or the command will
     70  1.1.6.2  simonb 	fail.
     71  1.1.6.2  simonb 
     72  1.1.6.2  simonb 	If -t is specified, the module is loaded as raw data of <type>, for
     73  1.1.6.2  simonb 	later use by the kernel or other modules.  <type> may be any string.
     74  1.1.6.2  simonb 
     75  1.1.6.2  simonb ################################################################################
     76  1.1.6.2  simonb # Tls DList files
     77  1.1.6.2  simonb 
     78  1.1.6.2  simonb 	ls [-l] [<path>]
     79  1.1.6.2  simonb 
     80  1.1.6.2  simonb 	Displays a listing of files in the directory <path>, or the root
     81  1.1.6.2  simonb 	directory of the current device if <path> is not specified.
     82  1.1.6.2  simonb 
     83  1.1.6.2  simonb 	The -l argument displays file sizes as well; the process of obtaining
     84  1.1.6.2  simonb 	file sizes on some media may be very slow.
     85  1.1.6.2  simonb 
     86  1.1.6.2  simonb ################################################################################
     87  1.1.6.2  simonb # Tlsdev DList devices
     88  1.1.6.2  simonb 
     89  1.1.6.2  simonb 	lsdev [-v]
     90  1.1.6.2  simonb 
     91  1.1.6.2  simonb 	List all of the devices from which it may be possible to load modules.
     92  1.1.6.2  simonb 	If -v is specified, print more details.
     93  1.1.6.2  simonb 
     94  1.1.6.2  simonb ################################################################################
     95  1.1.6.2  simonb # Tlsmod DList modules
     96  1.1.6.2  simonb 
     97  1.1.6.2  simonb 	lsmod [-v]
     98  1.1.6.2  simonb 
     99  1.1.6.2  simonb 	List loaded modules. If [-v] is specified, print more details.
    100  1.1.6.2  simonb 
    101  1.1.6.2  simonb ################################################################################
    102  1.1.6.2  simonb # Tmore DPage files
    103  1.1.6.2  simonb 
    104  1.1.6.2  simonb 	more <filename> [<filename> ...]
    105  1.1.6.2  simonb 
    106  1.1.6.2  simonb 	Show contents of text files. When displaying the contents of more,
    107  1.1.6.2  simonb 	than one file, if the user elects to quit displaying a file, the
    108  1.1.6.2  simonb 	remaining files will not be shown.
    109  1.1.6.2  simonb 
    110  1.1.6.2  simonb ################################################################################
    111  1.1.6.2  simonb # Tpnpscan DScan for PnP devices
    112  1.1.6.2  simonb 
    113  1.1.6.2  simonb 	pnpscan [-v]
    114  1.1.6.2  simonb 
    115  1.1.6.2  simonb 	Scan for Plug-and-Play devices.  This command is normally automatically
    116  1.1.6.2  simonb 	run as part of the boot process, in order to dynamically load modules
    117  1.1.6.2  simonb 	required for system operation.
    118  1.1.6.2  simonb 
    119  1.1.6.2  simonb 	If the -v argument is specified, details on the devices found will
    120  1.1.6.2  simonb 	be printed.
    121  1.1.6.2  simonb 
    122  1.1.6.2  simonb ################################################################################
    123  1.1.6.2  simonb # Tset DSet a variable
    124  1.1.6.2  simonb 
    125  1.1.6.2  simonb 	set <variable name>
    126  1.1.6.2  simonb 	set <variable name>=<value>
    127  1.1.6.2  simonb 
    128  1.1.6.2  simonb 	The set command is used to set variables.
    129  1.1.6.2  simonb 
    130  1.1.6.2  simonb ################################################################################
    131  1.1.6.2  simonb # Tset Sautoboot_delay DSet the default autoboot delay
    132  1.1.6.2  simonb 
    133  1.1.6.2  simonb 	set autoboot_delay=<value>
    134  1.1.6.2  simonb 
    135  1.1.6.2  simonb 	Sets the default delay for the autoboot command to <value> seconds.
    136  1.1.6.2  simonb 
    137  1.1.6.2  simonb ################################################################################
    138  1.1.6.2  simonb # Tset Sbootfile DSet the default boot file set
    139  1.1.6.2  simonb 
    140  1.1.6.2  simonb 	set bootfile=<filename>[;<filename>...]
    141  1.1.6.2  simonb 
    142  1.1.6.2  simonb 	Sets the default set of kernel boot filename(s). It may be overridden
    143  1.1.6.2  simonb 	by setting the bootfile variable to a semicolon-separated list of
    144  1.1.6.2  simonb 	filenames, each of which will be searched for in the module_path
    145  1.1.6.2  simonb 	directories. The default bootfile set is "kernel".
    146  1.1.6.2  simonb 
    147  1.1.6.2  simonb ################################################################################
    148  1.1.6.2  simonb # Tset Sboot_askname DPrompt for root device
    149  1.1.6.2  simonb 
    150  1.1.6.2  simonb 	set boot_askname
    151  1.1.6.2  simonb 
    152  1.1.6.2  simonb 	Instructs the kernel to prompt the user for the name of the root device
    153  1.1.6.2  simonb 	when the kernel is booted.
    154  1.1.6.2  simonb 
    155  1.1.6.2  simonb ################################################################################
    156  1.1.6.2  simonb # Tset Sboot_cdrom DMount root file system from CD-ROM
    157  1.1.6.2  simonb 
    158  1.1.6.2  simonb 	set boot_cdrom
    159  1.1.6.2  simonb 
    160  1.1.6.2  simonb 	Instructs the kernel to try to mount the root file system from CD-ROM.
    161  1.1.6.2  simonb 
    162  1.1.6.2  simonb ################################################################################
    163  1.1.6.2  simonb # Tset Sboot_ddb DDrop to the kernel debugger (DDB)
    164  1.1.6.2  simonb 
    165  1.1.6.2  simonb 	set boot_ddb
    166  1.1.6.2  simonb 
    167  1.1.6.2  simonb 	Instructs the kernel to start in the DDB debugger, rather than
    168  1.1.6.2  simonb 	proceeding to initialize when booted.
    169  1.1.6.2  simonb 
    170  1.1.6.2  simonb ################################################################################
    171  1.1.6.2  simonb # Tset Sboot_gdb DSelect gdb-remote mode for the kernel debugger
    172  1.1.6.2  simonb 
    173  1.1.6.2  simonb 	set boot_gdb
    174  1.1.6.2  simonb 
    175  1.1.6.2  simonb 	Selects gdb-remote mode for the kernel debugger by default.
    176  1.1.6.2  simonb 
    177  1.1.6.2  simonb ################################################################################
    178  1.1.6.2  simonb # Tset Sboot_multicons DUse multiple consoles
    179  1.1.6.2  simonb 
    180  1.1.6.2  simonb 	set boot_multicons
    181  1.1.6.2  simonb 
    182  1.1.6.2  simonb 	Enables multiple console support in the kernel early on boot.
    183  1.1.6.2  simonb 	In a running system, console configuration can be manipulated
    184  1.1.6.2  simonb 	by the conscontrol(8) utility.
    185  1.1.6.2  simonb 
    186  1.1.6.2  simonb ################################################################################
    187  1.1.6.2  simonb # Tset Sboot_serial DUse serial console
    188  1.1.6.2  simonb 
    189  1.1.6.2  simonb 	set boot_serial
    190  1.1.6.2  simonb 
    191  1.1.6.2  simonb 	Force the use of a serial console even when an internal console
    192  1.1.6.2  simonb 	is present.
    193  1.1.6.2  simonb 
    194  1.1.6.2  simonb ################################################################################
    195  1.1.6.2  simonb # Tset Sboot_single DStart system in single-user mode
    196  1.1.6.2  simonb 
    197  1.1.6.2  simonb 	set boot_single
    198  1.1.6.2  simonb 
    199  1.1.6.2  simonb 	Prevents the kernel from initiating a multi-user startup; instead,
    200  1.1.6.2  simonb 	a single-user mode will be entered when the kernel has finished
    201  1.1.6.2  simonb 	device probes.
    202  1.1.6.2  simonb 
    203  1.1.6.2  simonb ################################################################################
    204  1.1.6.2  simonb # Tset Sboot_verbose DVerbose boot messages
    205  1.1.6.2  simonb 
    206  1.1.6.2  simonb 	set boot_verbose
    207  1.1.6.2  simonb 
    208  1.1.6.2  simonb 	Setting this variable causes extra debugging information to be printed
    209  1.1.6.2  simonb 	by the kernel during the boot phase.
    210  1.1.6.2  simonb 
    211  1.1.6.2  simonb ################################################################################
    212  1.1.6.2  simonb # Tset Sconsole DSet the current console
    213  1.1.6.2  simonb 
    214  1.1.6.2  simonb 	set console[=<value>]
    215  1.1.6.2  simonb 
    216  1.1.6.2  simonb 	Sets the current console.  If <value> is omitted, a list of valid
    217  1.1.6.2  simonb 	consoles will be displayed.
    218  1.1.6.2  simonb 
    219  1.1.6.2  simonb ################################################################################
    220  1.1.6.2  simonb # Tset Scurrdev DSet the current device
    221  1.1.6.2  simonb 
    222  1.1.6.2  simonb 	set currdev=<device>
    223  1.1.6.2  simonb 
    224  1.1.6.2  simonb 	Selects the default device.  Syntax for devices is odd.
    225  1.1.6.2  simonb 
    226  1.1.6.2  simonb ################################################################################
    227  1.1.6.2  simonb # Tset Sinit_path DSet the list of init candidates
    228  1.1.6.2  simonb 
    229  1.1.6.2  simonb 	set init_path=<path>[:<path>...]
    230  1.1.6.2  simonb 
    231  1.1.6.2  simonb 	Sets the list of binaries which the kernel will try to run as initial
    232  1.1.6.2  simonb 	process.
    233  1.1.6.2  simonb 
    234  1.1.6.2  simonb 
    235  1.1.6.2  simonb ################################################################################
    236  1.1.6.2  simonb # Tset Smodule_path DSet the module search path
    237  1.1.6.2  simonb 
    238  1.1.6.2  simonb 	set module_path=<path>[;<path>...]
    239  1.1.6.2  simonb 
    240  1.1.6.2  simonb 	Sets the list of directories which will be searched in for modules
    241  1.1.6.2  simonb 	named in a load command or implicitly required by a dependency. The
    242  1.1.6.2  simonb 	default module_path is "/boot/modules" with the kernel directory
    243  1.1.6.2  simonb 	prepended.
    244  1.1.6.2  simonb 
    245  1.1.6.2  simonb ################################################################################
    246  1.1.6.2  simonb # Tset Sprompt DSet the command prompt
    247  1.1.6.2  simonb 
    248  1.1.6.2  simonb 	set prompt=<value>
    249  1.1.6.2  simonb 
    250  1.1.6.2  simonb 	The command prompt is displayed when the loader is waiting for input.
    251  1.1.6.2  simonb 	Variable substitution is performed on the prompt.  The default 
    252  1.1.6.2  simonb 	prompt can be set with:
    253  1.1.6.2  simonb 
    254  1.1.6.2  simonb 		set prompt=\${interpret}
    255  1.1.6.2  simonb 
    256  1.1.6.2  simonb ################################################################################
    257  1.1.6.2  simonb # Tset Srootdev DSet the root filesystem
    258  1.1.6.2  simonb 
    259  1.1.6.2  simonb 	set rootdev=<path>
    260  1.1.6.2  simonb 
    261  1.1.6.2  simonb 	By default the value of $currdev is used to set the root filesystem
    262  1.1.6.2  simonb 	when the kernel is booted.  This can be overridden by setting
    263  1.1.6.2  simonb 	$rootdev explicitly.
    264  1.1.6.2  simonb 
    265  1.1.6.2  simonb ################################################################################
    266  1.1.6.2  simonb # Tset Stunables DSet kernel tunable values
    267  1.1.6.2  simonb 
    268  1.1.6.2  simonb 	Various kernel tunable parameters can be overridden by specifying new 
    269  1.1.6.2  simonb 	values in the environment.
    270  1.1.6.2  simonb 
    271  1.1.6.2  simonb 	set kern.ipc.nmbclusters=<value>	NMBCLUSTERS
    272  1.1.6.2  simonb 
    273  1.1.6.2  simonb 		Set the number of mbuf clusters to be allocated.  The value
    274  1.1.6.2  simonb 		cannot be set below the default determined when the kernel
    275  1.1.6.2  simonb 		was compiled.
    276  1.1.6.2  simonb 
    277  1.1.6.2  simonb 	set kern.ipc.nsfbufs=<value>		NSFBUFS
    278  1.1.6.2  simonb 
    279  1.1.6.2  simonb 		Set the number of sendfile buffers to be allocated.  This
    280  1.1.6.2  simonb 		overrides the value determined when the kernel was compiled.
    281  1.1.6.2  simonb 
    282  1.1.6.2  simonb 	set vm.kmem_size=<value>		VM_KMEM_SIZE
    283  1.1.6.2  simonb 
    284  1.1.6.2  simonb 		Sets the size of kernel memory (bytes).  This overrides
    285  1.1.6.2  simonb 		the value determined when the kernel was compiled.
    286  1.1.6.2  simonb 
    287  1.1.6.2  simonb 	set machdep.disable_mtrrs=1
    288  1.1.6.2  simonb 
    289  1.1.6.2  simonb 		Disable the use of i686 MTRRs (i386 only)
    290  1.1.6.2  simonb 
    291  1.1.6.2  simonb 	set net.inet.tcp.tcbhashsize=<value>	TCBHASHSIZE
    292  1.1.6.2  simonb 
    293  1.1.6.2  simonb 		Overrides the compile-time set value of TCBHASHSIZE or
    294  1.1.6.2  simonb 		the preset default of 512.  Must be a power of 2.
    295  1.1.6.2  simonb 
    296  1.1.6.2  simonb 	hw.syscons.sc_no_suspend_vtswitch=<value>
    297  1.1.6.2  simonb 
    298  1.1.6.2  simonb 		Disable VT switching on suspend.
    299  1.1.6.2  simonb 
    300  1.1.6.2  simonb 		value is 0 (default) or non-zero to enable.
    301  1.1.6.2  simonb 
    302  1.1.6.2  simonb 	set hw.physmem=<value>			MAXMEM (i386 only)
    303  1.1.6.2  simonb 
    304  1.1.6.2  simonb 		Limits the amount of physical memory space available to
    305  1.1.6.2  simonb 		the system to <value> bytes.  <value> may have a k, M or G
    306  1.1.6.2  simonb 		suffix to indicate kilobytes, megabytes and gigabytes
    307  1.1.6.2  simonb 		respectively.  Note that the current i386 architecture
    308  1.1.6.2  simonb 		limits this value to 4GB.
    309  1.1.6.2  simonb 
    310  1.1.6.2  simonb 		On systems where memory cannot be accurately probed,
    311  1.1.6.2  simonb 		this option provides a hint as to the actual size of
    312  1.1.6.2  simonb 		system memory (which will be tested before use).
    313  1.1.6.2  simonb 
    314  1.1.6.2  simonb 	set hw.{acpi,pci}.host_start_mem=<value>
    315  1.1.6.2  simonb 
    316  1.1.6.2  simonb 		Sets the lowest address that the pci code will assign
    317  1.1.6.2  simonb 		when it doesn't have other information about the address
    318  1.1.6.2  simonb 		to assign (like from a pci bridge).  This is only useful
    319  1.1.6.2  simonb 		in older systems without a pci bridge.  Also, it only
    320  1.1.6.2  simonb 		impacts devices that the BIOS doesn't assign to, typically
    321  1.1.6.2  simonb 		CardBus bridges.  The default <value> is 0x80000000, but
    322  1.1.6.2  simonb 		some systems need values like 0xf0000000, 0xfc000000 or
    323  1.1.6.2  simonb 		0xfe000000 may be suitable for older systems (the older
    324  1.1.6.2  simonb 		the system, the higher the number typically should be).
    325  1.1.6.2  simonb 
    326  1.1.6.2  simonb 	set hw.pci.enable_io_modes=<value>
    327  1.1.6.2  simonb 
    328  1.1.6.2  simonb 		Enable PCI resources which are left off by some BIOSes
    329  1.1.6.2  simonb 		or are not enabled correctly by the device driver.
    330  1.1.6.2  simonb 
    331  1.1.6.2  simonb 		value is 1 (default), but this may cause problems with
    332  1.1.6.2  simonb 		some peripherals.  Set to 0 to disable.
    333  1.1.6.2  simonb 
    334  1.1.6.2  simonb ################################################################################
    335  1.1.6.2  simonb # Tshow DShow the values of variables
    336  1.1.6.2  simonb 
    337  1.1.6.2  simonb 	show [<variable>]
    338  1.1.6.2  simonb 
    339  1.1.6.2  simonb 	Displays the value of <variable>, or all variables if not specified.
    340  1.1.6.2  simonb 	Multiple paths can be separated with a semicolon.
    341  1.1.6.2  simonb 
    342  1.1.6.2  simonb ################################################################################
    343  1.1.6.2  simonb # Tinclude DRead commands from a script file
    344  1.1.6.2  simonb 
    345  1.1.6.2  simonb 	include <filename> [<filename> ...]
    346  1.1.6.2  simonb 
    347  1.1.6.2  simonb 	The entire contents of <filename> are read into memory before executing
    348  1.1.6.2  simonb 	commands, so it is safe to source a file from removable media.
    349  1.1.6.2  simonb 
    350  1.1.6.2  simonb ################################################################################
    351  1.1.6.2  simonb # Tread DRead input from the terminal
    352  1.1.6.2  simonb 
    353  1.1.6.2  simonb 	read [-t <value>] [-p <prompt>] [<variable name>]
    354  1.1.6.2  simonb 
    355  1.1.6.2  simonb 	The read command reads a line of input from the terminal.  If the 
    356  1.1.6.2  simonb 	-t argument is specified, it will return nothing if no input has been
    357  1.1.6.2  simonb 	received after <value> seconds.  (Any keypress will cancel the 
    358  1.1.6.2  simonb 	timeout).
    359  1.1.6.2  simonb 
    360  1.1.6.2  simonb 	If -p is specified, <prompt> is printed before reading input. No 
    361  1.1.6.2  simonb 	newline is emitted after the prompt.
    362  1.1.6.2  simonb 
    363  1.1.6.2  simonb 	If a variable name is supplied, the variable is set to the value read,
    364  1.1.6.2  simonb 	less any terminating newline.
    365  1.1.6.2  simonb 
    366  1.1.6.2  simonb ################################################################################
    367  1.1.6.2  simonb # Tunload DRemove all modules from memory
    368  1.1.6.2  simonb 
    369  1.1.6.2  simonb 	unload
    370  1.1.6.2  simonb 
    371  1.1.6.2  simonb 	This command removes any kernel and all loaded modules from memory.
    372  1.1.6.2  simonb 
    373  1.1.6.2  simonb ################################################################################
    374  1.1.6.2  simonb # Tunset DUnset a variable
    375  1.1.6.2  simonb 
    376  1.1.6.2  simonb 	unset <variable name>
    377  1.1.6.2  simonb 
    378  1.1.6.2  simonb 	If allowed, the named variable's value is discarded and the variable
    379  1.1.6.2  simonb 	is removed.	
    380  1.1.6.2  simonb 
    381  1.1.6.2  simonb ################################################################################
    382