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init_main.c revision 1.277
      1 /*	$NetBSD: init_main.c,v 1.277 2006/09/08 20:58:57 elad Exp $	*/
      2 
      3 /*
      4  * Copyright (c) 1982, 1986, 1989, 1991, 1992, 1993
      5  *	The Regents of the University of California.  All rights reserved.
      6  * (c) UNIX System Laboratories, Inc.
      7  * All or some portions of this file are derived from material licensed
      8  * to the University of California by American Telephone and Telegraph
      9  * Co. or Unix System Laboratories, Inc. and are reproduced herein with
     10  * the permission of UNIX System Laboratories, Inc.
     11  *
     12  * Redistribution and use in source and binary forms, with or without
     13  * modification, are permitted provided that the following conditions
     14  * are met:
     15  * 1. Redistributions of source code must retain the above copyright
     16  *    notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer.
     17  * 2. Redistributions in binary form must reproduce the above copyright
     18  *    notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer in the
     19  *    documentation and/or other materials provided with the distribution.
     20  * 3. Neither the name of the University nor the names of its contributors
     21  *    may be used to endorse or promote products derived from this software
     22  *    without specific prior written permission.
     23  *
     24  * THIS SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED BY THE REGENTS AND CONTRIBUTORS ``AS IS'' AND
     25  * ANY EXPRESS OR IMPLIED WARRANTIES, INCLUDING, BUT NOT LIMITED TO, THE
     26  * IMPLIED WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY AND FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE
     27  * ARE DISCLAIMED.  IN NO EVENT SHALL THE REGENTS OR CONTRIBUTORS BE LIABLE
     28  * FOR ANY DIRECT, INDIRECT, INCIDENTAL, SPECIAL, EXEMPLARY, OR CONSEQUENTIAL
     29  * DAMAGES (INCLUDING, BUT NOT LIMITED TO, PROCUREMENT OF SUBSTITUTE GOODS
     30  * OR SERVICES; LOSS OF USE, DATA, OR PROFITS; OR BUSINESS INTERRUPTION)
     31  * HOWEVER CAUSED AND ON ANY THEORY OF LIABILITY, WHETHER IN CONTRACT, STRICT
     32  * LIABILITY, OR TORT (INCLUDING NEGLIGENCE OR OTHERWISE) ARISING IN ANY WAY
     33  * OUT OF THE USE OF THIS SOFTWARE, EVEN IF ADVISED OF THE POSSIBILITY OF
     34  * SUCH DAMAGE.
     35  *
     36  *	@(#)init_main.c	8.16 (Berkeley) 5/14/95
     37  */
     38 
     39 /*
     40  * Copyright (c) 1995 Christopher G. Demetriou.  All rights reserved.
     41  *
     42  * Redistribution and use in source and binary forms, with or without
     43  * modification, are permitted provided that the following conditions
     44  * are met:
     45  * 1. Redistributions of source code must retain the above copyright
     46  *    notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer.
     47  * 2. Redistributions in binary form must reproduce the above copyright
     48  *    notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer in the
     49  *    documentation and/or other materials provided with the distribution.
     50  * 3. All advertising materials mentioning features or use of this software
     51  *    must display the following acknowledgement:
     52  *	This product includes software developed by the University of
     53  *	California, Berkeley and its contributors.
     54  * 4. Neither the name of the University nor the names of its contributors
     55  *    may be used to endorse or promote products derived from this software
     56  *    without specific prior written permission.
     57  *
     58  * THIS SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED BY THE REGENTS AND CONTRIBUTORS ``AS IS'' AND
     59  * ANY EXPRESS OR IMPLIED WARRANTIES, INCLUDING, BUT NOT LIMITED TO, THE
     60  * IMPLIED WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY AND FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE
     61  * ARE DISCLAIMED.  IN NO EVENT SHALL THE REGENTS OR CONTRIBUTORS BE LIABLE
     62  * FOR ANY DIRECT, INDIRECT, INCIDENTAL, SPECIAL, EXEMPLARY, OR CONSEQUENTIAL
     63  * DAMAGES (INCLUDING, BUT NOT LIMITED TO, PROCUREMENT OF SUBSTITUTE GOODS
     64  * OR SERVICES; LOSS OF USE, DATA, OR PROFITS; OR BUSINESS INTERRUPTION)
     65  * HOWEVER CAUSED AND ON ANY THEORY OF LIABILITY, WHETHER IN CONTRACT, STRICT
     66  * LIABILITY, OR TORT (INCLUDING NEGLIGENCE OR OTHERWISE) ARISING IN ANY WAY
     67  * OUT OF THE USE OF THIS SOFTWARE, EVEN IF ADVISED OF THE POSSIBILITY OF
     68  * SUCH DAMAGE.
     69  *
     70  *	@(#)init_main.c	8.16 (Berkeley) 5/14/95
     71  */
     72 
     73 #include <sys/cdefs.h>
     74 __KERNEL_RCSID(0, "$NetBSD: init_main.c,v 1.277 2006/09/08 20:58:57 elad Exp $");
     75 
     76 #include "opt_ipsec.h"
     77 #include "opt_kcont.h"
     78 #include "opt_multiprocessor.h"
     79 #include "opt_ntp.h"
     80 #include "opt_pipe.h"
     81 #include "opt_posix.h"
     82 #include "opt_syscall_debug.h"
     83 #include "opt_sysv.h"
     84 #include "opt_fileassoc.h"
     85 
     86 #include "rnd.h"
     87 #include "veriexec.h"
     88 
     89 #include <sys/param.h>
     90 #include <sys/acct.h>
     91 #include <sys/filedesc.h>
     92 #include <sys/file.h>
     93 #include <sys/errno.h>
     94 #include <sys/callout.h>
     95 #include <sys/kernel.h>
     96 #include <sys/kcont.h>
     97 #include <sys/kmem.h>
     98 #include <sys/mount.h>
     99 #include <sys/proc.h>
    100 #include <sys/kthread.h>
    101 #include <sys/resourcevar.h>
    102 #include <sys/signalvar.h>
    103 #include <sys/systm.h>
    104 #include <sys/vnode.h>
    105 #include <sys/tty.h>
    106 #include <sys/conf.h>
    107 #include <sys/disklabel.h>
    108 #include <sys/buf.h>
    109 #include <sys/device.h>
    110 #include <sys/exec.h>
    111 #include <sys/socketvar.h>
    112 #include <sys/protosw.h>
    113 #include <sys/reboot.h>
    114 #include <sys/user.h>
    115 #include <sys/sysctl.h>
    116 #include <sys/event.h>
    117 #include <sys/mbuf.h>
    118 #ifdef FAST_IPSEC
    119 #include <netipsec/ipsec.h>
    120 #endif
    121 #ifdef SYSVSHM
    122 #include <sys/shm.h>
    123 #endif
    124 #ifdef SYSVSEM
    125 #include <sys/sem.h>
    126 #endif
    127 #ifdef SYSVMSG
    128 #include <sys/msg.h>
    129 #endif
    130 #ifdef P1003_1B_SEMAPHORE
    131 #include <sys/ksem.h>
    132 #endif
    133 #include <sys/domain.h>
    134 #include <sys/namei.h>
    135 #if NRND > 0
    136 #include <sys/rnd.h>
    137 #endif
    138 #ifndef PIPE_SOCKETPAIR
    139 #include <sys/pipe.h>
    140 #endif
    141 #ifdef LKM
    142 #include <sys/lkm.h>
    143 #endif
    144 #if NVERIEXEC > 0
    145 #include <sys/verified_exec.h>
    146 #endif /* NVERIEXEC > 0 */
    147 #include <sys/kauth.h>
    148 #include <net80211/ieee80211_netbsd.h>
    149 
    150 #include <sys/syscall.h>
    151 #include <sys/sa.h>
    152 #include <sys/syscallargs.h>
    153 
    154 #ifdef FILEASSOC
    155 #include <sys/fileassoc.h>
    156 #endif /* FILEASSOC */
    157 
    158 #include <ufs/ufs/quota.h>
    159 
    160 #include <miscfs/genfs/genfs.h>
    161 #include <miscfs/syncfs/syncfs.h>
    162 
    163 #include <machine/cpu.h>
    164 
    165 #include <uvm/uvm.h>
    166 
    167 #include <dev/cons.h>
    168 
    169 #include <net/if.h>
    170 #include <net/raw_cb.h>
    171 
    172 #include <secmodel/secmodel.h>
    173 
    174 extern struct proc proc0;
    175 extern struct lwp lwp0;
    176 extern struct cwdinfo cwdi0;
    177 
    178 #ifndef curlwp
    179 struct	lwp *curlwp = &lwp0;
    180 #endif
    181 struct	proc *initproc;
    182 
    183 struct	vnode *rootvp, *swapdev_vp;
    184 int	boothowto;
    185 int	cold = 1;			/* still working on startup */
    186 struct timeval boottime;	        /* time at system startup - will only follow settime deltas */
    187 time_t	rootfstime;			/* recorded root fs time, if known */
    188 
    189 volatile int start_init_exec;		/* semaphore for start_init() */
    190 
    191 static void check_console(struct lwp *l);
    192 static void start_init(void *);
    193 void main(void);
    194 
    195 /*
    196  * System startup; initialize the world, create process 0, mount root
    197  * filesystem, and fork to create init and pagedaemon.  Most of the
    198  * hard work is done in the lower-level initialization routines including
    199  * startup(), which does memory initialization and autoconfiguration.
    200  */
    201 void
    202 main(void)
    203 {
    204 #ifdef __HAVE_TIMECOUNTER
    205 	struct timeval time;
    206 #endif
    207 	struct lwp *l;
    208 	struct proc *p;
    209 	struct pdevinit *pdev;
    210 	int s, error;
    211 	extern struct pdevinit pdevinit[];
    212 	extern void schedcpu(void *);
    213 #ifdef NVNODE_IMPLICIT
    214 	int usevnodes;
    215 #endif
    216 
    217 	/*
    218 	 * Initialize the current LWP pointer (curlwp) before
    219 	 * any possible traps/probes to simplify trap processing.
    220 	 */
    221 	l = &lwp0;
    222 	curlwp = l;
    223 	l->l_cpu = curcpu();
    224 	l->l_proc = &proc0;
    225 	l->l_lid = 1;
    226 
    227 	/*
    228 	 * Attempt to find console and initialize
    229 	 * in case of early panic or other messages.
    230 	 */
    231 	consinit();
    232 
    233 	KERNEL_LOCK_INIT();
    234 
    235 	uvm_init();
    236 
    237 	kmem_init();
    238 
    239 	/* Do machine-dependent initialization. */
    240 	cpu_startup();
    241 
    242 	/* Initialize callouts. */
    243 	callout_startup();
    244 
    245 	/* Initialize the buffer cache */
    246 	bufinit();
    247 
    248 	/*
    249 	 * Initialize mbuf's.  Do this now because we might attempt to
    250 	 * allocate mbufs or mbuf clusters during autoconfiguration.
    251 	 */
    252 	mbinit();
    253 
    254 	/* Initialize sockets. */
    255 	soinit();
    256 
    257 #ifdef KCONT
    258 	/* Initialize kcont. */
    259         kcont_init();
    260 #endif
    261 
    262 	/*
    263 	 * The following things must be done before autoconfiguration.
    264 	 */
    265 	evcnt_init();		/* initialize event counters */
    266 #if NRND > 0
    267 	rnd_init();		/* initialize RNG */
    268 #endif
    269 	/* Initialize the sysctl subsystem. */
    270 	sysctl_init();
    271 
    272 	/* Initialize process and pgrp structures. */
    273 	procinit();
    274 
    275 	/* Initialize signal-related data structures. */
    276 	signal_init();
    277 
    278 	/* Create process 0 (the swapper). */
    279 	proc0_init();
    280 
    281 	/*
    282 	 * Charge root for one process.
    283 	 */
    284 	(void)chgproccnt(0, 1);
    285 
    286 	rqinit();
    287 
    288 	/* Initialize the file systems. */
    289 #ifdef NVNODE_IMPLICIT
    290 	/*
    291 	 * If maximum number of vnodes in namei vnode cache is not explicitly
    292 	 * defined in kernel config, adjust the number such as we use roughly
    293 	 * 1.0% of memory for vnode cache (but not less than NVNODE vnodes).
    294 	 */
    295 	usevnodes = (ptoa((unsigned)physmem) / 100) / sizeof(struct vnode);
    296 	if (usevnodes > desiredvnodes)
    297 		desiredvnodes = usevnodes;
    298 #endif
    299 	vfsinit();
    300 
    301 
    302 #ifdef __HAVE_TIMECOUNTER
    303 	inittimecounter();
    304 	ntp_init();
    305 #endif /* __HAVE_TIMECOUNTER */
    306 
    307 	/* Configure the system hardware.  This will enable interrupts. */
    308 	configure();
    309 
    310 	ubc_init();		/* must be after autoconfig */
    311 
    312 	/* Lock the kernel on behalf of proc0. */
    313 	KERNEL_PROC_LOCK(l);
    314 
    315 #ifdef SYSVSHM
    316 	/* Initialize System V style shared memory. */
    317 	shminit();
    318 #endif
    319 
    320 #ifdef SYSVSEM
    321 	/* Initialize System V style semaphores. */
    322 	seminit();
    323 #endif
    324 
    325 #ifdef SYSVMSG
    326 	/* Initialize System V style message queues. */
    327 	msginit();
    328 #endif
    329 
    330 #ifdef P1003_1B_SEMAPHORE
    331 	/* Initialize posix semaphores */
    332 	ksem_init();
    333 #endif
    334 
    335 	/* Initialize kauth. */
    336 	kauth_init();
    337 
    338 	/* Initialize default security model. */
    339 	secmodel_start();
    340 
    341 #ifdef FILEASSOC
    342 	fileassoc_init();
    343 #endif /* FILEASSOC */
    344 
    345 #if NVERIEXEC > 0
    346 	  /*
    347 	   * Initialise the fingerprint operations vectors before
    348 	   * fingerprints can be loaded.
    349 	   */
    350 	veriexec_init_fp_ops();
    351 #endif /* NVERIEXEC > 0 */
    352 
    353 	/* Attach pseudo-devices. */
    354 	for (pdev = pdevinit; pdev->pdev_attach != NULL; pdev++)
    355 		(*pdev->pdev_attach)(pdev->pdev_count);
    356 
    357 #ifdef	FAST_IPSEC
    358 	/* Attach network crypto subsystem */
    359 	ipsec_attach();
    360 #endif
    361 
    362 	/*
    363 	 * Initialize protocols.  Block reception of incoming packets
    364 	 * until everything is ready.
    365 	 */
    366 	s = splnet();
    367 	ifinit();
    368 	domaininit();
    369 	if_attachdomain();
    370 	splx(s);
    371 
    372 #ifdef GPROF
    373 	/* Initialize kernel profiling. */
    374 	kmstartup();
    375 #endif
    376 
    377 	/* Initialize system accouting. */
    378 	acct_init();
    379 
    380 	/* Kick off timeout driven events by calling first time. */
    381 	schedcpu(NULL);
    382 
    383 	/*
    384 	 * Create process 1 (init(8)).  We do this now, as Unix has
    385 	 * historically had init be process 1, and changing this would
    386 	 * probably upset a lot of people.
    387 	 *
    388 	 * Note that process 1 won't immediately exec init(8), but will
    389 	 * wait for us to inform it that the root file system has been
    390 	 * mounted.
    391 	 */
    392 	if (fork1(l, 0, SIGCHLD, NULL, 0, start_init, NULL, NULL, &initproc))
    393 		panic("fork init");
    394 
    395 	/*
    396 	 * Create any kernel threads who's creation was deferred because
    397 	 * initproc had not yet been created.
    398 	 */
    399 	kthread_run_deferred_queue();
    400 
    401 	/*
    402 	 * Now that device driver threads have been created, wait for
    403 	 * them to finish any deferred autoconfiguration.  Note we don't
    404 	 * need to lock this semaphore, since we haven't booted any
    405 	 * secondary processors, yet.
    406 	 */
    407 	while (config_pending)
    408 		(void) tsleep(&config_pending, PWAIT, "cfpend", 0);
    409 
    410 	/*
    411 	 * Finalize configuration now that all real devices have been
    412 	 * found.  This needs to be done before the root device is
    413 	 * selected, since finalization may create the root device.
    414 	 */
    415 	config_finalize();
    416 
    417 	/*
    418 	 * Now that autoconfiguration has completed, we can determine
    419 	 * the root and dump devices.
    420 	 */
    421 	cpu_rootconf();
    422 	cpu_dumpconf();
    423 
    424 	/* Mount the root file system. */
    425 	do {
    426 		domountroothook();
    427 		if ((error = vfs_mountroot())) {
    428 			printf("cannot mount root, error = %d\n", error);
    429 			boothowto |= RB_ASKNAME;
    430 			setroot(root_device,
    431 			    (rootdev != NODEV) ? DISKPART(rootdev) : 0);
    432 		}
    433 	} while (error != 0);
    434 	mountroothook_destroy();
    435 
    436 	/*
    437 	 * Initialise the time-of-day clock, passing the time recorded
    438 	 * in the root filesystem (if any) for use by systems that
    439 	 * don't have a non-volatile time-of-day device.
    440 	 */
    441 	inittodr(rootfstime);
    442 
    443 	CIRCLEQ_FIRST(&mountlist)->mnt_flag |= MNT_ROOTFS;
    444 	CIRCLEQ_FIRST(&mountlist)->mnt_op->vfs_refcount++;
    445 
    446 	/*
    447 	 * Get the vnode for '/'.  Set filedesc0.fd_fd.fd_cdir to
    448 	 * reference it.
    449 	 */
    450 	error = VFS_ROOT(CIRCLEQ_FIRST(&mountlist), &rootvnode);
    451 	if (error)
    452 		panic("cannot find root vnode, error=%d", error);
    453 	cwdi0.cwdi_cdir = rootvnode;
    454 	VREF(cwdi0.cwdi_cdir);
    455 	VOP_UNLOCK(rootvnode, 0);
    456 	cwdi0.cwdi_rdir = NULL;
    457 
    458 	/*
    459 	 * Now that root is mounted, we can fixup initproc's CWD
    460 	 * info.  All other processes are kthreads, which merely
    461 	 * share proc0's CWD info.
    462 	 */
    463 	initproc->p_cwdi->cwdi_cdir = rootvnode;
    464 	VREF(initproc->p_cwdi->cwdi_cdir);
    465 	initproc->p_cwdi->cwdi_rdir = NULL;
    466 
    467 	/*
    468 	 * Now can look at time, having had a chance to verify the time
    469 	 * from the file system.  Reset p->p_rtime as it may have been
    470 	 * munched in mi_switch() after the time got set.
    471 	 */
    472 	proclist_lock_read();
    473 	s = splsched();
    474 #ifdef __HAVE_TIMECOUNTER
    475 	getmicrotime(&time);
    476 #else
    477 	mono_time = time;
    478 #endif
    479 	boottime = time;
    480 	LIST_FOREACH(p, &allproc, p_list) {
    481 		KASSERT((p->p_flag & P_MARKER) == 0);
    482 		p->p_stats->p_start = time;
    483 		LIST_FOREACH(l, &p->p_lwps, l_sibling) {
    484 			if (l->l_cpu != NULL)
    485 				l->l_cpu->ci_schedstate.spc_runtime = time;
    486 		}
    487 		p->p_rtime.tv_sec = p->p_rtime.tv_usec = 0;
    488 	}
    489 	splx(s);
    490 	proclist_unlock_read();
    491 
    492 	/* Create the pageout daemon kernel thread. */
    493 	uvm_swap_init();
    494 	if (kthread_create1(uvm_pageout, NULL, NULL, "pagedaemon"))
    495 		panic("fork pagedaemon");
    496 
    497 	/* Create the filesystem syncer kernel thread. */
    498 	if (kthread_create1(sched_sync, NULL, NULL, "ioflush"))
    499 		panic("fork syncer");
    500 
    501 	/* Create the aiodone daemon kernel thread. */
    502 	if (kthread_create1(uvm_aiodone_daemon, NULL, &uvm.aiodoned_proc,
    503 	    "aiodoned"))
    504 		panic("fork aiodoned");
    505 
    506 #if defined(MULTIPROCESSOR)
    507 	/* Boot the secondary processors. */
    508 	cpu_boot_secondary_processors();
    509 #endif
    510 
    511 	/* Initialize exec structures */
    512 	exec_init(1);
    513 
    514 	/*
    515 	 * Okay, now we can let init(8) exec!  It's off to userland!
    516 	 */
    517 	start_init_exec = 1;
    518 	wakeup(&start_init_exec);
    519 
    520 	/* The scheduler is an infinite loop. */
    521 	uvm_scheduler();
    522 	/* NOTREACHED */
    523 }
    524 
    525 void
    526 setrootfstime(time_t t)
    527 {
    528 	rootfstime = t;
    529 }
    530 
    531 static void
    532 check_console(struct lwp *l)
    533 {
    534 	struct nameidata nd;
    535 	int error;
    536 
    537 	NDINIT(&nd, LOOKUP, FOLLOW, UIO_SYSSPACE, "/dev/console", l);
    538 	error = namei(&nd);
    539 	if (error == 0)
    540 		vrele(nd.ni_vp);
    541 	else if (error == ENOENT)
    542 		printf("warning: no /dev/console\n");
    543 	else
    544 		printf("warning: lookup /dev/console: error %d\n", error);
    545 }
    546 
    547 /*
    548  * List of paths to try when searching for "init".
    549  */
    550 static const char *initpaths[] = {
    551 	"/sbin/init",
    552 	"/sbin/oinit",
    553 	"/sbin/init.bak",
    554 	NULL,
    555 };
    556 
    557 /*
    558  * Start the initial user process; try exec'ing each pathname in "initpaths".
    559  * The program is invoked with one argument containing the boot flags.
    560  */
    561 static void
    562 start_init(void *arg)
    563 {
    564 	struct lwp *l = arg;
    565 	struct proc *p = l->l_proc;
    566 	vaddr_t addr;
    567 	struct sys_execve_args /* {
    568 		syscallarg(const char *) path;
    569 		syscallarg(char * const *) argp;
    570 		syscallarg(char * const *) envp;
    571 	} */ args;
    572 	int options, i, error;
    573 	register_t retval[2];
    574 	char flags[4], *flagsp;
    575 	const char *path, *slash;
    576 	char *ucp, **uap, *arg0, *arg1 = NULL;
    577 	char ipath[129];
    578 	int ipx, len;
    579 
    580 	/*
    581 	 * Now in process 1.
    582 	 */
    583 	strncpy(p->p_comm, "init", MAXCOMLEN);
    584 
    585 	/*
    586 	 * Wait for main() to tell us that it's safe to exec.
    587 	 */
    588 	while (start_init_exec == 0)
    589 		(void) tsleep(&start_init_exec, PWAIT, "initexec", 0);
    590 
    591 	/*
    592 	 * This is not the right way to do this.  We really should
    593 	 * hand-craft a descriptor onto /dev/console to hand to init,
    594 	 * but that's a _lot_ more work, and the benefit from this easy
    595 	 * hack makes up for the "good is the enemy of the best" effect.
    596 	 */
    597 	check_console(l);
    598 
    599 	/*
    600 	 * Need just enough stack to hold the faked-up "execve()" arguments.
    601 	 */
    602 	addr = (vaddr_t)STACK_ALLOC(USRSTACK, PAGE_SIZE);
    603 	if (uvm_map(&p->p_vmspace->vm_map, &addr, PAGE_SIZE,
    604                     NULL, UVM_UNKNOWN_OFFSET, 0,
    605                     UVM_MAPFLAG(UVM_PROT_ALL, UVM_PROT_ALL, UVM_INH_COPY,
    606 		    UVM_ADV_NORMAL,
    607                     UVM_FLAG_FIXED|UVM_FLAG_OVERLAY|UVM_FLAG_COPYONW)) != 0)
    608 		panic("init: couldn't allocate argument space");
    609 	p->p_vmspace->vm_maxsaddr = (caddr_t)STACK_MAX(addr, PAGE_SIZE);
    610 
    611 	ipx = 0;
    612 	while (1) {
    613 		if (boothowto & RB_ASKNAME) {
    614 			printf("init path");
    615 			if (initpaths[ipx])
    616 				printf(" (default %s)", initpaths[ipx]);
    617 			printf(": ");
    618 			len = cngetsn(ipath, sizeof(ipath)-1);
    619 			if (len == 0) {
    620 				if (initpaths[ipx])
    621 					path = initpaths[ipx++];
    622 				else
    623 					continue;
    624 			} else {
    625 				ipath[len] = '\0';
    626 				path = ipath;
    627 			}
    628 		} else {
    629 			if ((path = initpaths[ipx++]) == NULL)
    630 				break;
    631 		}
    632 
    633 		ucp = (char *)USRSTACK;
    634 
    635 		/*
    636 		 * Construct the boot flag argument.
    637 		 */
    638 		flagsp = flags;
    639 		*flagsp++ = '-';
    640 		options = 0;
    641 
    642 		if (boothowto & RB_SINGLE) {
    643 			*flagsp++ = 's';
    644 			options = 1;
    645 		}
    646 #ifdef notyet
    647 		if (boothowto & RB_FASTBOOT) {
    648 			*flagsp++ = 'f';
    649 			options = 1;
    650 		}
    651 #endif
    652 
    653 		/*
    654 		 * Move out the flags (arg 1), if necessary.
    655 		 */
    656 		if (options != 0) {
    657 			*flagsp++ = '\0';
    658 			i = flagsp - flags;
    659 #ifdef DEBUG
    660 			printf("init: copying out flags `%s' %d\n", flags, i);
    661 #endif
    662 			arg1 = STACK_ALLOC(ucp, i);
    663 			ucp = STACK_MAX(arg1, i);
    664 			(void)copyout((caddr_t)flags, arg1, i);
    665 		}
    666 
    667 		/*
    668 		 * Move out the file name (also arg 0).
    669 		 */
    670 		i = strlen(path) + 1;
    671 #ifdef DEBUG
    672 		printf("init: copying out path `%s' %d\n", path, i);
    673 #else
    674 		if (boothowto & RB_ASKNAME || path != initpaths[0])
    675 			printf("init: trying %s\n", path);
    676 #endif
    677 		arg0 = STACK_ALLOC(ucp, i);
    678 		ucp = STACK_MAX(arg0, i);
    679 		(void)copyout(path, arg0, i);
    680 
    681 		/*
    682 		 * Move out the arg pointers.
    683 		 */
    684 		ucp = (caddr_t)STACK_ALIGN(ucp, ALIGNBYTES);
    685 		uap = (char **)STACK_ALLOC(ucp, sizeof(char *) * 3);
    686 		SCARG(&args, path) = arg0;
    687 		SCARG(&args, argp) = uap;
    688 		SCARG(&args, envp) = NULL;
    689 		slash = strrchr(path, '/');
    690 		if (slash)
    691 			(void)suword((caddr_t)uap++,
    692 			    (long)arg0 + (slash + 1 - path));
    693 		else
    694 			(void)suword((caddr_t)uap++, (long)arg0);
    695 		if (options != 0)
    696 			(void)suword((caddr_t)uap++, (long)arg1);
    697 		(void)suword((caddr_t)uap++, 0);	/* terminator */
    698 
    699 		/*
    700 		 * Now try to exec the program.  If can't for any reason
    701 		 * other than it doesn't exist, complain.
    702 		 */
    703 		error = sys_execve(l, &args, retval);
    704 		if (error == 0 || error == EJUSTRETURN) {
    705 			KERNEL_PROC_UNLOCK(l);
    706 			return;
    707 		}
    708 		printf("exec %s: error %d\n", path, error);
    709 	}
    710 	printf("init: not found\n");
    711 	panic("no init");
    712 }
    713