init_main.c revision 1.277 1 /* $NetBSD: init_main.c,v 1.277 2006/09/08 20:58:57 elad Exp $ */
2
3 /*
4 * Copyright (c) 1982, 1986, 1989, 1991, 1992, 1993
5 * The Regents of the University of California. All rights reserved.
6 * (c) UNIX System Laboratories, Inc.
7 * All or some portions of this file are derived from material licensed
8 * to the University of California by American Telephone and Telegraph
9 * Co. or Unix System Laboratories, Inc. and are reproduced herein with
10 * the permission of UNIX System Laboratories, Inc.
11 *
12 * Redistribution and use in source and binary forms, with or without
13 * modification, are permitted provided that the following conditions
14 * are met:
15 * 1. Redistributions of source code must retain the above copyright
16 * notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer.
17 * 2. Redistributions in binary form must reproduce the above copyright
18 * notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer in the
19 * documentation and/or other materials provided with the distribution.
20 * 3. Neither the name of the University nor the names of its contributors
21 * may be used to endorse or promote products derived from this software
22 * without specific prior written permission.
23 *
24 * THIS SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED BY THE REGENTS AND CONTRIBUTORS ``AS IS'' AND
25 * ANY EXPRESS OR IMPLIED WARRANTIES, INCLUDING, BUT NOT LIMITED TO, THE
26 * IMPLIED WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY AND FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE
27 * ARE DISCLAIMED. IN NO EVENT SHALL THE REGENTS OR CONTRIBUTORS BE LIABLE
28 * FOR ANY DIRECT, INDIRECT, INCIDENTAL, SPECIAL, EXEMPLARY, OR CONSEQUENTIAL
29 * DAMAGES (INCLUDING, BUT NOT LIMITED TO, PROCUREMENT OF SUBSTITUTE GOODS
30 * OR SERVICES; LOSS OF USE, DATA, OR PROFITS; OR BUSINESS INTERRUPTION)
31 * HOWEVER CAUSED AND ON ANY THEORY OF LIABILITY, WHETHER IN CONTRACT, STRICT
32 * LIABILITY, OR TORT (INCLUDING NEGLIGENCE OR OTHERWISE) ARISING IN ANY WAY
33 * OUT OF THE USE OF THIS SOFTWARE, EVEN IF ADVISED OF THE POSSIBILITY OF
34 * SUCH DAMAGE.
35 *
36 * @(#)init_main.c 8.16 (Berkeley) 5/14/95
37 */
38
39 /*
40 * Copyright (c) 1995 Christopher G. Demetriou. All rights reserved.
41 *
42 * Redistribution and use in source and binary forms, with or without
43 * modification, are permitted provided that the following conditions
44 * are met:
45 * 1. Redistributions of source code must retain the above copyright
46 * notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer.
47 * 2. Redistributions in binary form must reproduce the above copyright
48 * notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer in the
49 * documentation and/or other materials provided with the distribution.
50 * 3. All advertising materials mentioning features or use of this software
51 * must display the following acknowledgement:
52 * This product includes software developed by the University of
53 * California, Berkeley and its contributors.
54 * 4. Neither the name of the University nor the names of its contributors
55 * may be used to endorse or promote products derived from this software
56 * without specific prior written permission.
57 *
58 * THIS SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED BY THE REGENTS AND CONTRIBUTORS ``AS IS'' AND
59 * ANY EXPRESS OR IMPLIED WARRANTIES, INCLUDING, BUT NOT LIMITED TO, THE
60 * IMPLIED WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY AND FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE
61 * ARE DISCLAIMED. IN NO EVENT SHALL THE REGENTS OR CONTRIBUTORS BE LIABLE
62 * FOR ANY DIRECT, INDIRECT, INCIDENTAL, SPECIAL, EXEMPLARY, OR CONSEQUENTIAL
63 * DAMAGES (INCLUDING, BUT NOT LIMITED TO, PROCUREMENT OF SUBSTITUTE GOODS
64 * OR SERVICES; LOSS OF USE, DATA, OR PROFITS; OR BUSINESS INTERRUPTION)
65 * HOWEVER CAUSED AND ON ANY THEORY OF LIABILITY, WHETHER IN CONTRACT, STRICT
66 * LIABILITY, OR TORT (INCLUDING NEGLIGENCE OR OTHERWISE) ARISING IN ANY WAY
67 * OUT OF THE USE OF THIS SOFTWARE, EVEN IF ADVISED OF THE POSSIBILITY OF
68 * SUCH DAMAGE.
69 *
70 * @(#)init_main.c 8.16 (Berkeley) 5/14/95
71 */
72
73 #include <sys/cdefs.h>
74 __KERNEL_RCSID(0, "$NetBSD: init_main.c,v 1.277 2006/09/08 20:58:57 elad Exp $");
75
76 #include "opt_ipsec.h"
77 #include "opt_kcont.h"
78 #include "opt_multiprocessor.h"
79 #include "opt_ntp.h"
80 #include "opt_pipe.h"
81 #include "opt_posix.h"
82 #include "opt_syscall_debug.h"
83 #include "opt_sysv.h"
84 #include "opt_fileassoc.h"
85
86 #include "rnd.h"
87 #include "veriexec.h"
88
89 #include <sys/param.h>
90 #include <sys/acct.h>
91 #include <sys/filedesc.h>
92 #include <sys/file.h>
93 #include <sys/errno.h>
94 #include <sys/callout.h>
95 #include <sys/kernel.h>
96 #include <sys/kcont.h>
97 #include <sys/kmem.h>
98 #include <sys/mount.h>
99 #include <sys/proc.h>
100 #include <sys/kthread.h>
101 #include <sys/resourcevar.h>
102 #include <sys/signalvar.h>
103 #include <sys/systm.h>
104 #include <sys/vnode.h>
105 #include <sys/tty.h>
106 #include <sys/conf.h>
107 #include <sys/disklabel.h>
108 #include <sys/buf.h>
109 #include <sys/device.h>
110 #include <sys/exec.h>
111 #include <sys/socketvar.h>
112 #include <sys/protosw.h>
113 #include <sys/reboot.h>
114 #include <sys/user.h>
115 #include <sys/sysctl.h>
116 #include <sys/event.h>
117 #include <sys/mbuf.h>
118 #ifdef FAST_IPSEC
119 #include <netipsec/ipsec.h>
120 #endif
121 #ifdef SYSVSHM
122 #include <sys/shm.h>
123 #endif
124 #ifdef SYSVSEM
125 #include <sys/sem.h>
126 #endif
127 #ifdef SYSVMSG
128 #include <sys/msg.h>
129 #endif
130 #ifdef P1003_1B_SEMAPHORE
131 #include <sys/ksem.h>
132 #endif
133 #include <sys/domain.h>
134 #include <sys/namei.h>
135 #if NRND > 0
136 #include <sys/rnd.h>
137 #endif
138 #ifndef PIPE_SOCKETPAIR
139 #include <sys/pipe.h>
140 #endif
141 #ifdef LKM
142 #include <sys/lkm.h>
143 #endif
144 #if NVERIEXEC > 0
145 #include <sys/verified_exec.h>
146 #endif /* NVERIEXEC > 0 */
147 #include <sys/kauth.h>
148 #include <net80211/ieee80211_netbsd.h>
149
150 #include <sys/syscall.h>
151 #include <sys/sa.h>
152 #include <sys/syscallargs.h>
153
154 #ifdef FILEASSOC
155 #include <sys/fileassoc.h>
156 #endif /* FILEASSOC */
157
158 #include <ufs/ufs/quota.h>
159
160 #include <miscfs/genfs/genfs.h>
161 #include <miscfs/syncfs/syncfs.h>
162
163 #include <machine/cpu.h>
164
165 #include <uvm/uvm.h>
166
167 #include <dev/cons.h>
168
169 #include <net/if.h>
170 #include <net/raw_cb.h>
171
172 #include <secmodel/secmodel.h>
173
174 extern struct proc proc0;
175 extern struct lwp lwp0;
176 extern struct cwdinfo cwdi0;
177
178 #ifndef curlwp
179 struct lwp *curlwp = &lwp0;
180 #endif
181 struct proc *initproc;
182
183 struct vnode *rootvp, *swapdev_vp;
184 int boothowto;
185 int cold = 1; /* still working on startup */
186 struct timeval boottime; /* time at system startup - will only follow settime deltas */
187 time_t rootfstime; /* recorded root fs time, if known */
188
189 volatile int start_init_exec; /* semaphore for start_init() */
190
191 static void check_console(struct lwp *l);
192 static void start_init(void *);
193 void main(void);
194
195 /*
196 * System startup; initialize the world, create process 0, mount root
197 * filesystem, and fork to create init and pagedaemon. Most of the
198 * hard work is done in the lower-level initialization routines including
199 * startup(), which does memory initialization and autoconfiguration.
200 */
201 void
202 main(void)
203 {
204 #ifdef __HAVE_TIMECOUNTER
205 struct timeval time;
206 #endif
207 struct lwp *l;
208 struct proc *p;
209 struct pdevinit *pdev;
210 int s, error;
211 extern struct pdevinit pdevinit[];
212 extern void schedcpu(void *);
213 #ifdef NVNODE_IMPLICIT
214 int usevnodes;
215 #endif
216
217 /*
218 * Initialize the current LWP pointer (curlwp) before
219 * any possible traps/probes to simplify trap processing.
220 */
221 l = &lwp0;
222 curlwp = l;
223 l->l_cpu = curcpu();
224 l->l_proc = &proc0;
225 l->l_lid = 1;
226
227 /*
228 * Attempt to find console and initialize
229 * in case of early panic or other messages.
230 */
231 consinit();
232
233 KERNEL_LOCK_INIT();
234
235 uvm_init();
236
237 kmem_init();
238
239 /* Do machine-dependent initialization. */
240 cpu_startup();
241
242 /* Initialize callouts. */
243 callout_startup();
244
245 /* Initialize the buffer cache */
246 bufinit();
247
248 /*
249 * Initialize mbuf's. Do this now because we might attempt to
250 * allocate mbufs or mbuf clusters during autoconfiguration.
251 */
252 mbinit();
253
254 /* Initialize sockets. */
255 soinit();
256
257 #ifdef KCONT
258 /* Initialize kcont. */
259 kcont_init();
260 #endif
261
262 /*
263 * The following things must be done before autoconfiguration.
264 */
265 evcnt_init(); /* initialize event counters */
266 #if NRND > 0
267 rnd_init(); /* initialize RNG */
268 #endif
269 /* Initialize the sysctl subsystem. */
270 sysctl_init();
271
272 /* Initialize process and pgrp structures. */
273 procinit();
274
275 /* Initialize signal-related data structures. */
276 signal_init();
277
278 /* Create process 0 (the swapper). */
279 proc0_init();
280
281 /*
282 * Charge root for one process.
283 */
284 (void)chgproccnt(0, 1);
285
286 rqinit();
287
288 /* Initialize the file systems. */
289 #ifdef NVNODE_IMPLICIT
290 /*
291 * If maximum number of vnodes in namei vnode cache is not explicitly
292 * defined in kernel config, adjust the number such as we use roughly
293 * 1.0% of memory for vnode cache (but not less than NVNODE vnodes).
294 */
295 usevnodes = (ptoa((unsigned)physmem) / 100) / sizeof(struct vnode);
296 if (usevnodes > desiredvnodes)
297 desiredvnodes = usevnodes;
298 #endif
299 vfsinit();
300
301
302 #ifdef __HAVE_TIMECOUNTER
303 inittimecounter();
304 ntp_init();
305 #endif /* __HAVE_TIMECOUNTER */
306
307 /* Configure the system hardware. This will enable interrupts. */
308 configure();
309
310 ubc_init(); /* must be after autoconfig */
311
312 /* Lock the kernel on behalf of proc0. */
313 KERNEL_PROC_LOCK(l);
314
315 #ifdef SYSVSHM
316 /* Initialize System V style shared memory. */
317 shminit();
318 #endif
319
320 #ifdef SYSVSEM
321 /* Initialize System V style semaphores. */
322 seminit();
323 #endif
324
325 #ifdef SYSVMSG
326 /* Initialize System V style message queues. */
327 msginit();
328 #endif
329
330 #ifdef P1003_1B_SEMAPHORE
331 /* Initialize posix semaphores */
332 ksem_init();
333 #endif
334
335 /* Initialize kauth. */
336 kauth_init();
337
338 /* Initialize default security model. */
339 secmodel_start();
340
341 #ifdef FILEASSOC
342 fileassoc_init();
343 #endif /* FILEASSOC */
344
345 #if NVERIEXEC > 0
346 /*
347 * Initialise the fingerprint operations vectors before
348 * fingerprints can be loaded.
349 */
350 veriexec_init_fp_ops();
351 #endif /* NVERIEXEC > 0 */
352
353 /* Attach pseudo-devices. */
354 for (pdev = pdevinit; pdev->pdev_attach != NULL; pdev++)
355 (*pdev->pdev_attach)(pdev->pdev_count);
356
357 #ifdef FAST_IPSEC
358 /* Attach network crypto subsystem */
359 ipsec_attach();
360 #endif
361
362 /*
363 * Initialize protocols. Block reception of incoming packets
364 * until everything is ready.
365 */
366 s = splnet();
367 ifinit();
368 domaininit();
369 if_attachdomain();
370 splx(s);
371
372 #ifdef GPROF
373 /* Initialize kernel profiling. */
374 kmstartup();
375 #endif
376
377 /* Initialize system accouting. */
378 acct_init();
379
380 /* Kick off timeout driven events by calling first time. */
381 schedcpu(NULL);
382
383 /*
384 * Create process 1 (init(8)). We do this now, as Unix has
385 * historically had init be process 1, and changing this would
386 * probably upset a lot of people.
387 *
388 * Note that process 1 won't immediately exec init(8), but will
389 * wait for us to inform it that the root file system has been
390 * mounted.
391 */
392 if (fork1(l, 0, SIGCHLD, NULL, 0, start_init, NULL, NULL, &initproc))
393 panic("fork init");
394
395 /*
396 * Create any kernel threads who's creation was deferred because
397 * initproc had not yet been created.
398 */
399 kthread_run_deferred_queue();
400
401 /*
402 * Now that device driver threads have been created, wait for
403 * them to finish any deferred autoconfiguration. Note we don't
404 * need to lock this semaphore, since we haven't booted any
405 * secondary processors, yet.
406 */
407 while (config_pending)
408 (void) tsleep(&config_pending, PWAIT, "cfpend", 0);
409
410 /*
411 * Finalize configuration now that all real devices have been
412 * found. This needs to be done before the root device is
413 * selected, since finalization may create the root device.
414 */
415 config_finalize();
416
417 /*
418 * Now that autoconfiguration has completed, we can determine
419 * the root and dump devices.
420 */
421 cpu_rootconf();
422 cpu_dumpconf();
423
424 /* Mount the root file system. */
425 do {
426 domountroothook();
427 if ((error = vfs_mountroot())) {
428 printf("cannot mount root, error = %d\n", error);
429 boothowto |= RB_ASKNAME;
430 setroot(root_device,
431 (rootdev != NODEV) ? DISKPART(rootdev) : 0);
432 }
433 } while (error != 0);
434 mountroothook_destroy();
435
436 /*
437 * Initialise the time-of-day clock, passing the time recorded
438 * in the root filesystem (if any) for use by systems that
439 * don't have a non-volatile time-of-day device.
440 */
441 inittodr(rootfstime);
442
443 CIRCLEQ_FIRST(&mountlist)->mnt_flag |= MNT_ROOTFS;
444 CIRCLEQ_FIRST(&mountlist)->mnt_op->vfs_refcount++;
445
446 /*
447 * Get the vnode for '/'. Set filedesc0.fd_fd.fd_cdir to
448 * reference it.
449 */
450 error = VFS_ROOT(CIRCLEQ_FIRST(&mountlist), &rootvnode);
451 if (error)
452 panic("cannot find root vnode, error=%d", error);
453 cwdi0.cwdi_cdir = rootvnode;
454 VREF(cwdi0.cwdi_cdir);
455 VOP_UNLOCK(rootvnode, 0);
456 cwdi0.cwdi_rdir = NULL;
457
458 /*
459 * Now that root is mounted, we can fixup initproc's CWD
460 * info. All other processes are kthreads, which merely
461 * share proc0's CWD info.
462 */
463 initproc->p_cwdi->cwdi_cdir = rootvnode;
464 VREF(initproc->p_cwdi->cwdi_cdir);
465 initproc->p_cwdi->cwdi_rdir = NULL;
466
467 /*
468 * Now can look at time, having had a chance to verify the time
469 * from the file system. Reset p->p_rtime as it may have been
470 * munched in mi_switch() after the time got set.
471 */
472 proclist_lock_read();
473 s = splsched();
474 #ifdef __HAVE_TIMECOUNTER
475 getmicrotime(&time);
476 #else
477 mono_time = time;
478 #endif
479 boottime = time;
480 LIST_FOREACH(p, &allproc, p_list) {
481 KASSERT((p->p_flag & P_MARKER) == 0);
482 p->p_stats->p_start = time;
483 LIST_FOREACH(l, &p->p_lwps, l_sibling) {
484 if (l->l_cpu != NULL)
485 l->l_cpu->ci_schedstate.spc_runtime = time;
486 }
487 p->p_rtime.tv_sec = p->p_rtime.tv_usec = 0;
488 }
489 splx(s);
490 proclist_unlock_read();
491
492 /* Create the pageout daemon kernel thread. */
493 uvm_swap_init();
494 if (kthread_create1(uvm_pageout, NULL, NULL, "pagedaemon"))
495 panic("fork pagedaemon");
496
497 /* Create the filesystem syncer kernel thread. */
498 if (kthread_create1(sched_sync, NULL, NULL, "ioflush"))
499 panic("fork syncer");
500
501 /* Create the aiodone daemon kernel thread. */
502 if (kthread_create1(uvm_aiodone_daemon, NULL, &uvm.aiodoned_proc,
503 "aiodoned"))
504 panic("fork aiodoned");
505
506 #if defined(MULTIPROCESSOR)
507 /* Boot the secondary processors. */
508 cpu_boot_secondary_processors();
509 #endif
510
511 /* Initialize exec structures */
512 exec_init(1);
513
514 /*
515 * Okay, now we can let init(8) exec! It's off to userland!
516 */
517 start_init_exec = 1;
518 wakeup(&start_init_exec);
519
520 /* The scheduler is an infinite loop. */
521 uvm_scheduler();
522 /* NOTREACHED */
523 }
524
525 void
526 setrootfstime(time_t t)
527 {
528 rootfstime = t;
529 }
530
531 static void
532 check_console(struct lwp *l)
533 {
534 struct nameidata nd;
535 int error;
536
537 NDINIT(&nd, LOOKUP, FOLLOW, UIO_SYSSPACE, "/dev/console", l);
538 error = namei(&nd);
539 if (error == 0)
540 vrele(nd.ni_vp);
541 else if (error == ENOENT)
542 printf("warning: no /dev/console\n");
543 else
544 printf("warning: lookup /dev/console: error %d\n", error);
545 }
546
547 /*
548 * List of paths to try when searching for "init".
549 */
550 static const char *initpaths[] = {
551 "/sbin/init",
552 "/sbin/oinit",
553 "/sbin/init.bak",
554 NULL,
555 };
556
557 /*
558 * Start the initial user process; try exec'ing each pathname in "initpaths".
559 * The program is invoked with one argument containing the boot flags.
560 */
561 static void
562 start_init(void *arg)
563 {
564 struct lwp *l = arg;
565 struct proc *p = l->l_proc;
566 vaddr_t addr;
567 struct sys_execve_args /* {
568 syscallarg(const char *) path;
569 syscallarg(char * const *) argp;
570 syscallarg(char * const *) envp;
571 } */ args;
572 int options, i, error;
573 register_t retval[2];
574 char flags[4], *flagsp;
575 const char *path, *slash;
576 char *ucp, **uap, *arg0, *arg1 = NULL;
577 char ipath[129];
578 int ipx, len;
579
580 /*
581 * Now in process 1.
582 */
583 strncpy(p->p_comm, "init", MAXCOMLEN);
584
585 /*
586 * Wait for main() to tell us that it's safe to exec.
587 */
588 while (start_init_exec == 0)
589 (void) tsleep(&start_init_exec, PWAIT, "initexec", 0);
590
591 /*
592 * This is not the right way to do this. We really should
593 * hand-craft a descriptor onto /dev/console to hand to init,
594 * but that's a _lot_ more work, and the benefit from this easy
595 * hack makes up for the "good is the enemy of the best" effect.
596 */
597 check_console(l);
598
599 /*
600 * Need just enough stack to hold the faked-up "execve()" arguments.
601 */
602 addr = (vaddr_t)STACK_ALLOC(USRSTACK, PAGE_SIZE);
603 if (uvm_map(&p->p_vmspace->vm_map, &addr, PAGE_SIZE,
604 NULL, UVM_UNKNOWN_OFFSET, 0,
605 UVM_MAPFLAG(UVM_PROT_ALL, UVM_PROT_ALL, UVM_INH_COPY,
606 UVM_ADV_NORMAL,
607 UVM_FLAG_FIXED|UVM_FLAG_OVERLAY|UVM_FLAG_COPYONW)) != 0)
608 panic("init: couldn't allocate argument space");
609 p->p_vmspace->vm_maxsaddr = (caddr_t)STACK_MAX(addr, PAGE_SIZE);
610
611 ipx = 0;
612 while (1) {
613 if (boothowto & RB_ASKNAME) {
614 printf("init path");
615 if (initpaths[ipx])
616 printf(" (default %s)", initpaths[ipx]);
617 printf(": ");
618 len = cngetsn(ipath, sizeof(ipath)-1);
619 if (len == 0) {
620 if (initpaths[ipx])
621 path = initpaths[ipx++];
622 else
623 continue;
624 } else {
625 ipath[len] = '\0';
626 path = ipath;
627 }
628 } else {
629 if ((path = initpaths[ipx++]) == NULL)
630 break;
631 }
632
633 ucp = (char *)USRSTACK;
634
635 /*
636 * Construct the boot flag argument.
637 */
638 flagsp = flags;
639 *flagsp++ = '-';
640 options = 0;
641
642 if (boothowto & RB_SINGLE) {
643 *flagsp++ = 's';
644 options = 1;
645 }
646 #ifdef notyet
647 if (boothowto & RB_FASTBOOT) {
648 *flagsp++ = 'f';
649 options = 1;
650 }
651 #endif
652
653 /*
654 * Move out the flags (arg 1), if necessary.
655 */
656 if (options != 0) {
657 *flagsp++ = '\0';
658 i = flagsp - flags;
659 #ifdef DEBUG
660 printf("init: copying out flags `%s' %d\n", flags, i);
661 #endif
662 arg1 = STACK_ALLOC(ucp, i);
663 ucp = STACK_MAX(arg1, i);
664 (void)copyout((caddr_t)flags, arg1, i);
665 }
666
667 /*
668 * Move out the file name (also arg 0).
669 */
670 i = strlen(path) + 1;
671 #ifdef DEBUG
672 printf("init: copying out path `%s' %d\n", path, i);
673 #else
674 if (boothowto & RB_ASKNAME || path != initpaths[0])
675 printf("init: trying %s\n", path);
676 #endif
677 arg0 = STACK_ALLOC(ucp, i);
678 ucp = STACK_MAX(arg0, i);
679 (void)copyout(path, arg0, i);
680
681 /*
682 * Move out the arg pointers.
683 */
684 ucp = (caddr_t)STACK_ALIGN(ucp, ALIGNBYTES);
685 uap = (char **)STACK_ALLOC(ucp, sizeof(char *) * 3);
686 SCARG(&args, path) = arg0;
687 SCARG(&args, argp) = uap;
688 SCARG(&args, envp) = NULL;
689 slash = strrchr(path, '/');
690 if (slash)
691 (void)suword((caddr_t)uap++,
692 (long)arg0 + (slash + 1 - path));
693 else
694 (void)suword((caddr_t)uap++, (long)arg0);
695 if (options != 0)
696 (void)suword((caddr_t)uap++, (long)arg1);
697 (void)suword((caddr_t)uap++, 0); /* terminator */
698
699 /*
700 * Now try to exec the program. If can't for any reason
701 * other than it doesn't exist, complain.
702 */
703 error = sys_execve(l, &args, retval);
704 if (error == 0 || error == EJUSTRETURN) {
705 KERNEL_PROC_UNLOCK(l);
706 return;
707 }
708 printf("exec %s: error %d\n", path, error);
709 }
710 printf("init: not found\n");
711 panic("no init");
712 }
713