xref: /src/sys/arch/amd64/include/pmap.h

/*	$NetBSD: pmap.h,v 1.11 2007/08/29 23:38:03 ad Exp $	*/

/*
 *
 * Copyright (c) 1997 Charles D. Cranor and Washington University.
 * All rights reserved.
 *
 * Redistribution and use in source and binary forms, with or without
 * modification, are permitted provided that the following conditions
 * are met:
 * 1. Redistributions of source code must retain the above copyright
 *    notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer.
 * 2. Redistributions in binary form must reproduce the above copyright
 *    notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer in the
 *    documentation and/or other materials provided with the distribution.
 * 3. All advertising materials mentioning features or use of this software
 *    must display the following acknowledgment:
 *      This product includes software developed by Charles D. Cranor and
 *      Washington University.
 * 4. The name of the author may not be used to endorse or promote products
 *    derived from this software without specific prior written permission.
 *
 * THIS SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED BY THE AUTHOR ``AS IS'' AND ANY EXPRESS OR
 * IMPLIED WARRANTIES, INCLUDING, BUT NOT LIMITED TO, THE IMPLIED WARRANTIES
 * OF MERCHANTABILITY AND FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE ARE DISCLAIMED.
 * IN NO EVENT SHALL THE AUTHOR BE LIABLE FOR ANY DIRECT, INDIRECT,
 * INCIDENTAL, SPECIAL, EXEMPLARY, OR CONSEQUENTIAL DAMAGES (INCLUDING, BUT
 * NOT LIMITED TO, PROCUREMENT OF SUBSTITUTE GOODS OR SERVICES; LOSS OF USE,
 * DATA, OR PROFITS; OR BUSINESS INTERRUPTION) HOWEVER CAUSED AND ON ANY
 * THEORY OF LIABILITY, WHETHER IN CONTRACT, STRICT LIABILITY, OR TORT
 * (INCLUDING NEGLIGENCE OR OTHERWISE) ARISING IN ANY WAY OUT OF THE USE OF
 * THIS SOFTWARE, EVEN IF ADVISED OF THE POSSIBILITY OF SUCH DAMAGE.
 */

/*
 * Copyright (c) 2001 Wasabi Systems, Inc.
 * All rights reserved.
 *
 * Written by Frank van der Linden for Wasabi Systems, Inc.
 *
 * Redistribution and use in source and binary forms, with or without
 * modification, are permitted provided that the following conditions
 * are met:
 * 1. Redistributions of source code must retain the above copyright
 *    notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer.
 * 2. Redistributions in binary form must reproduce the above copyright
 *    notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer in the
 *    documentation and/or other materials provided with the distribution.
 * 3. All advertising materials mentioning features or use of this software
 *    must display the following acknowledgement:
 *      This product includes software developed for the NetBSD Project by
 *      Wasabi Systems, Inc.
 * 4. The name of Wasabi Systems, Inc. may not be used to endorse
 *    or promote products derived from this software without specific prior
 *    written permission.
 *
 * THIS SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED BY WASABI SYSTEMS, INC. ``AS IS'' AND
 * ANY EXPRESS OR IMPLIED WARRANTIES, INCLUDING, BUT NOT LIMITED
 * TO, THE IMPLIED WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY AND FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR
 * PURPOSE ARE DISCLAIMED.  IN NO EVENT SHALL WASABI SYSTEMS, INC
 * BE LIABLE FOR ANY DIRECT, INDIRECT, INCIDENTAL, SPECIAL, EXEMPLARY, OR
 * CONSEQUENTIAL DAMAGES (INCLUDING, BUT NOT LIMITED TO, PROCUREMENT OF
 * SUBSTITUTE GOODS OR SERVICES; LOSS OF USE, DATA, OR PROFITS; OR BUSINESS
 * INTERRUPTION) HOWEVER CAUSED AND ON ANY THEORY OF LIABILITY, WHETHER IN
 * CONTRACT, STRICT LIABILITY, OR TORT (INCLUDING NEGLIGENCE OR OTHERWISE)
 * ARISING IN ANY WAY OUT OF THE USE OF THIS SOFTWARE, EVEN IF ADVISED OF THE
 * POSSIBILITY OF SUCH DAMAGE.
 */

/*
 * pmap.h: see pmap.c for the history of this pmap module.
 */

#ifndef	_AMD64_PMAP_H_
#define	_AMD64_PMAP_H_

#ifndef _LOCORE
#if defined(_KERNEL_OPT)
#include "opt_largepages.h"
#endif

#include <machine/cpufunc.h>
#include <machine/pte.h>
#include <machine/segments.h>
#include <machine/atomic.h>

#include <uvm/uvm_object.h>
#endif

/*
 * The x86_64 pmap module closely resembles the i386 one. It uses
 * the same recursive entry scheme, and the same alternate area
 * trick for accessing non-current pmaps. See the i386 pmap.h
 * for a description. The obvious difference is that 3 extra
 * levels of page table need to be dealt with. The level 1 page
 * table pages are at:
 *
 * l1: 0x00007f8000000000 - 0x00007fffffffffff     (39 bits, needs PML4 entry)
 *
 * The alternate space is at:
 *
 * l1: 0xffffff8000000000 - 0xffffffffffffffff     (39 bits, needs PML4 entry)
 *
 * The rest is kept as physical pages in 3 UVM objects, and is
 * temporarily mapped for virtual access when needed.
 *
 * Note that address space is signed, so the layout for 48 bits is:
 *
 *  +---------------------------------+ 0xffffffffffffffff
 *  |                                 |
 *  |    alt.L1 table (PTE pages)     |
 *  |                                 |
 *  +---------------------------------+ 0xffffff8000000000
 *  ~                                 ~
 *  |                                 |
 *  |         Kernel Space            |
 *  |                                 |
 *  |                                 |
 *  +---------------------------------+ 0xffff800000000000 = 0x0000800000000000
 *  |                                 |
 *  |    alt.L1 table (PTE pages)     |
 *  |                                 |
 *  +---------------------------------+ 0x00007f8000000000
 *  ~                                 ~
 *  |                                 |
 *  |         User Space              |
 *  |                                 |
 *  |                                 |
 *  +---------------------------------+ 0x0000000000000000
 *
 * In other words, there is a 'VA hole' at 0x0000800000000000 -
 * 0xffff800000000000 which will trap, just as on, for example,
 * sparcv9.
 *
 * The unused space can be used if needed, but it adds a little more
 * complexity to the calculations.
 */

/*
 * The first generation of Hammer processors can use 48 bits of
 * virtual memory, and 40 bits of physical memory. This will be
 * more for later generations. These defines can be changed to
 * variable names containing the # of bits, extracted from an
 * extended cpuid instruction (variables are harder to use during
 * bootstrap, though)
 */
#define VIRT_BITS	48
#define PHYS_BITS	40

/*
 * Mask to get rid of the sign-extended part of addresses.
 */
#define VA_SIGN_MASK		0xffff000000000000
#define VA_SIGN_NEG(va)		((va) | VA_SIGN_MASK)
/*
 * XXXfvdl this one's not right.
 */
#define VA_SIGN_POS(va)		((va) & ~VA_SIGN_MASK)

#define L4_SLOT_PTE		255
#define L4_SLOT_KERN		256
#define L4_SLOT_KERNBASE	511
#define L4_SLOT_APTE		510

#define PDIR_SLOT_KERN	L4_SLOT_KERN
#define PDIR_SLOT_PTE	L4_SLOT_PTE
#define PDIR_SLOT_APTE	L4_SLOT_APTE

/*
 * the following defines give the virtual addresses of various MMU
 * data structures:
 * PTE_BASE and APTE_BASE: the base VA of the linear PTE mappings
 * PTD_BASE and APTD_BASE: the base VA of the recursive mapping of the PTD
 * PDP_PDE and APDP_PDE: the VA of the PDE that points back to the PDP/APDP
 *
 */

#define PTE_BASE  ((pt_entry_t *) (L4_SLOT_PTE * NBPD_L4))
#define APTE_BASE ((pt_entry_t *) (VA_SIGN_NEG((L4_SLOT_APTE * NBPD_L4))))

#define L1_BASE		PTE_BASE
#define AL1_BASE	APTE_BASE

#define L2_BASE ((pd_entry_t *)((char *)L1_BASE + L4_SLOT_PTE * NBPD_L3))
#define L3_BASE ((pd_entry_t *)((char *)L2_BASE + L4_SLOT_PTE * NBPD_L2))
#define L4_BASE ((pd_entry_t *)((char *)L3_BASE + L4_SLOT_PTE * NBPD_L1))

#define AL2_BASE ((pd_entry_t *)((char *)AL1_BASE + L4_SLOT_PTE * NBPD_L3))
#define AL3_BASE ((pd_entry_t *)((char *)AL2_BASE + L4_SLOT_PTE * NBPD_L2))
#define AL4_BASE ((pd_entry_t *)((char *)AL3_BASE + L4_SLOT_PTE * NBPD_L1))

#define PDP_PDE		(L4_BASE + PDIR_SLOT_PTE)
#define APDP_PDE	(L4_BASE + PDIR_SLOT_APTE)

#define PDP_BASE	L4_BASE
#define APDP_BASE	AL4_BASE

#define NKL4_MAX_ENTRIES	(unsigned long)1
#define NKL3_MAX_ENTRIES	(unsigned long)(NKL4_MAX_ENTRIES * 512)
#define NKL2_MAX_ENTRIES	(unsigned long)(NKL3_MAX_ENTRIES * 512)
#define NKL1_MAX_ENTRIES	(unsigned long)(NKL2_MAX_ENTRIES * 512)

#define NKL4_KIMG_ENTRIES	1
#define NKL3_KIMG_ENTRIES	1
#define NKL2_KIMG_ENTRIES	8

/*
 * Since kva space is below the kernel in its entirety, we start off
 * with zero entries on each level.
 */
#define NKL4_START_ENTRIES	0
#define NKL3_START_ENTRIES	0
#define NKL2_START_ENTRIES	0
#define NKL1_START_ENTRIES	0	/* XXX */

#define NTOPLEVEL_PDES		(PAGE_SIZE / (sizeof (pd_entry_t)))

#define KERNSPACE		(NKL4_ENTRIES * NBPD_L4)

#define NPDPG			(PAGE_SIZE / sizeof (pd_entry_t))

#define ptei(VA)	(((VA_SIGN_POS(VA)) & L1_MASK) >> L1_SHIFT)

/*
 * pl*_pi: index in the ptp page for a pde mapping a VA.
 * (pl*_i below is the index in the virtual array of all pdes per level)
 */
#define pl1_pi(VA)	(((VA_SIGN_POS(VA)) & L1_MASK) >> L1_SHIFT)
#define pl2_pi(VA)	(((VA_SIGN_POS(VA)) & L2_MASK) >> L2_SHIFT)
#define pl3_pi(VA)	(((VA_SIGN_POS(VA)) & L3_MASK) >> L3_SHIFT)
#define pl4_pi(VA)	(((VA_SIGN_POS(VA)) & L4_MASK) >> L4_SHIFT)

/*
 * pl*_i: generate index into pde/pte arrays in virtual space
 */
#define pl1_i(VA)	(((VA_SIGN_POS(VA)) & L1_FRAME) >> L1_SHIFT)
#define pl2_i(VA)	(((VA_SIGN_POS(VA)) & L2_FRAME) >> L2_SHIFT)
#define pl3_i(VA)	(((VA_SIGN_POS(VA)) & L3_FRAME) >> L3_SHIFT)
#define pl4_i(VA)	(((VA_SIGN_POS(VA)) & L4_FRAME) >> L4_SHIFT)
#define pl_i(va, lvl) \
        (((VA_SIGN_POS(va)) & ptp_masks[(lvl)-1]) >> ptp_shifts[(lvl)-1])

#define PTP_MASK_INITIALIZER	{ L1_FRAME, L2_FRAME, L3_FRAME, L4_FRAME }
#define PTP_SHIFT_INITIALIZER	{ L1_SHIFT, L2_SHIFT, L3_SHIFT, L4_SHIFT }
#define NKPTP_INITIALIZER	{ NKL1_START_ENTRIES, NKL2_START_ENTRIES, \
				  NKL3_START_ENTRIES, NKL4_START_ENTRIES }
#define NKPTPMAX_INITIALIZER	{ NKL1_MAX_ENTRIES, NKL2_MAX_ENTRIES, \
				  NKL3_MAX_ENTRIES, NKL4_MAX_ENTRIES }
#define NBPD_INITIALIZER	{ NBPD_L1, NBPD_L2, NBPD_L3, NBPD_L4 }
#define PDES_INITIALIZER	{ L2_BASE, L3_BASE, L4_BASE }
#define APDES_INITIALIZER	{ AL2_BASE, AL3_BASE, AL4_BASE }

/*
 * PTP macros:
 *   a PTP's index is the PD index of the PDE that points to it
 *   a PTP's offset is the byte-offset in the PTE space that this PTP is at
 *   a PTP's VA is the first VA mapped by that PTP
 *
 * note that PAGE_SIZE == number of bytes in a PTP (4096 bytes == 1024 entries)
 *           NBPD == number of bytes a PTP can map (4MB)
 */

#define ptp_va2o(va, lvl)	(pl_i(va, (lvl)+1) * PAGE_SIZE)

#define PTP_LEVELS	4

/*
 * PG_AVAIL usage: we make use of the ignored bits of the PTE
 */

#define PG_W		PG_AVAIL1	/* "wired" mapping */
#define PG_PVLIST	PG_AVAIL2	/* mapping has entry on pvlist */
/* PG_AVAIL3 not used */

/*
 * Number of PTE's per cache line.  8 byte pte, 64-byte cache line
 * Used to avoid false sharing of cache lines.
 */
#define NPTECL		8


#if defined(_KERNEL) && !defined(_LOCORE)
/*
 * pmap data structures: see pmap.c for details of locking.
 */

struct pmap;
typedef struct pmap *pmap_t;

/*
 * we maintain a list of all non-kernel pmaps
 */

LIST_HEAD(pmap_head, pmap); /* struct pmap_head: head of a pmap list */

/*
 * the pmap structure
 *
 * note that the pm_obj contains the simple_lock, the reference count,
 * page list, and number of PTPs within the pmap.
 *
 * pm_lock is the same as the spinlock for vm object 0. Changes to
 * the other objects may only be made if that lock has been taken
 * (the other object locks are only used when uvm_pagealloc is called)
 */

struct pmap {
	struct uvm_object pm_obj[PTP_LEVELS-1]; /* objects for lvl >= 1) */
#define	pm_lock	pm_obj[0].vmobjlock
#define pm_obj_l1 pm_obj[0]
#define pm_obj_l2 pm_obj[1]
#define pm_obj_l3 pm_obj[2]
	LIST_ENTRY(pmap) pm_list;	/* list (lck by pm_list lock) */
	pd_entry_t *pm_pdir;		/* VA of PD (lck by object lock) */
	paddr_t pm_pdirpa;		/* PA of PD (read-only after create) */
	struct vm_page *pm_ptphint[PTP_LEVELS-1];
					/* pointer to a PTP in our pmap */
	struct pmap_statistics pm_stats;  /* pmap stats (lck by object lock) */

	int pm_flags;			/* see below */

	union descriptor *pm_ldt;	/* user-set LDT */
	int pm_ldt_len;			/* number of LDT entries */
	int pm_ldt_sel;			/* LDT selector */
	u_int32_t pm_cpus;		/* mask of CPUs using pmap */
};

/* pm_flags */
#define	PMF_USER_LDT	0x01	/* pmap has user-set LDT */

/*
 * for each managed physical page we maintain a list of <PMAP,VA>'s
 * which it is mapped at.  the list is headed by a pv_head structure.
 * there is one pv_head per managed phys page (allocated at boot time).
 * the pv_head structure points to a list of pv_entry structures (each
 * describes one mapping).
 */

struct pv_entry {                       /* locked by its list's pvh_lock */
        SPLAY_ENTRY(pv_entry) pv_node;  /* splay-tree node */
        struct pmap *pv_pmap;           /* the pmap */
        vaddr_t pv_va;                  /* the virtual address */
        struct vm_page *pv_ptp;         /* the vm_page of the PTP */
	struct pmap_cpu *pv_alloc_cpu;	/* CPU allocated from */
};

/*
 * pv_entrys are dynamically allocated in chunks from a single page.
 * we keep track of how many pv_entrys are in use for each page and
 * we can free pv_entry pages if needed.  there is one lock for the
 * entire allocation system.
 */

struct pv_page_info {
	TAILQ_ENTRY(pv_page) pvpi_list;
	struct pv_entry *pvpi_pvfree;
	int pvpi_nfree;
};

/*
 * number of pv_entry's in a pv_page
 * (note: won't work on systems where NPBG isn't a constant)
 */

#define PVE_PER_PVPAGE ((PAGE_SIZE - sizeof(struct pv_page_info)) / \
			sizeof(struct pv_entry))

/*
 * a pv_page: where pv_entrys are allocated from
 */

struct pv_page {
	struct pv_page_info pvinfo;
	struct pv_entry pvents[PVE_PER_PVPAGE];
};

/*
 * pmap_remove_record: a record of VAs that have been unmapped, used to
 * flush TLB.  if we have more than PMAP_RR_MAX then we stop recording.
 */

#define PMAP_RR_MAX	16	/* max of 16 pages (64K) */

struct pmap_remove_record {
	int prr_npages;
	vaddr_t prr_vas[PMAP_RR_MAX];
};

/*
 * global kernel variables
 */

/* PTDpaddr: is the physical address of the kernel's PDP */
extern u_long PTDpaddr;

extern struct pmap kernel_pmap_store;	/* kernel pmap */
extern int pmap_pg_g;			/* do we support PG_G? */

extern paddr_t ptp_masks[];
extern int ptp_shifts[];
extern long nkptp[], nbpd[], nkptpmax[];

/*
 * macros
 */

#define	pmap_kernel()			(&kernel_pmap_store)
#define	pmap_resident_count(pmap)	((pmap)->pm_stats.resident_count)
#define	pmap_wired_count(pmap)		((pmap)->pm_stats.wired_count)

#define pmap_clear_modify(pg)		pmap_clear_attrs(pg, PG_M)
#define pmap_clear_reference(pg)	pmap_clear_attrs(pg, PG_U)
#define pmap_copy(DP,SP,D,L,S)
#define pmap_is_modified(pg)		pmap_test_attrs(pg, PG_M)
#define pmap_is_referenced(pg)		pmap_test_attrs(pg, PG_U)
#define pmap_move(DP,SP,D,L,S)
#define pmap_phys_address(ppn)		ptob(ppn)
#define pmap_valid_entry(E) 		((E) & PG_V) /* is PDE or PTE valid? */


/*
 * prototypes
 */

void		pmap_activate __P((struct lwp *));
void		pmap_bootstrap __P((vaddr_t));
bool		pmap_clear_attrs __P((struct vm_page *, unsigned));
void		pmap_deactivate __P((struct lwp *));
static void	pmap_page_protect __P((struct vm_page *, vm_prot_t));
void		pmap_page_remove  __P((struct vm_page *));
static void	pmap_protect __P((struct pmap *, vaddr_t,
				vaddr_t, vm_prot_t));
void		pmap_remove __P((struct pmap *, vaddr_t, vaddr_t));
bool		pmap_test_attrs __P((struct vm_page *, unsigned));
static void	pmap_update_pg __P((vaddr_t));
static void	pmap_update_2pg __P((vaddr_t,vaddr_t));
void		pmap_write_protect __P((struct pmap *, vaddr_t,
				vaddr_t, vm_prot_t));
void		pmap_changeprot_local(vaddr_t, vm_prot_t);

vaddr_t reserve_dumppages __P((vaddr_t)); /* XXX: not a pmap fn */

void	pmap_tlb_shootdown __P((pmap_t, vaddr_t, vaddr_t, pt_entry_t));
void	pmap_tlb_shootwait __P((void));
void	pmap_prealloc_lowmem_ptps __P((void));

#define PMAP_GROWKERNEL		/* turn on pmap_growkernel interface */

/*
 * Do idle page zero'ing uncached to avoid polluting the cache.
 */
bool		pmap_pageidlezero __P((paddr_t));
#define	PMAP_PAGEIDLEZERO(pa)	pmap_pageidlezero((pa))

/*
 * inline functions
 */

static __inline void
pmap_remove_all(struct pmap *pmap)
{
	/* Nothing. */
}

/*
 * pmap_update_pg: flush one page from the TLB (or flush the whole thing
 *	if hardware doesn't support one-page flushing)
 */

__inline static void
pmap_update_pg(va)
	vaddr_t va;
{
	invlpg(va);
}

/*
 * pmap_update_2pg: flush two pages from the TLB
 */

__inline static void
pmap_update_2pg(va, vb)
	vaddr_t va, vb;
{
	invlpg(va);
	invlpg(vb);
}

/*
 * pmap_page_protect: change the protection of all recorded mappings
 *	of a managed page
 *
 * => this function is a frontend for pmap_page_remove/pmap_clear_attrs
 * => we only have to worry about making the page more protected.
 *	unprotecting a page is done on-demand at fault time.
 */

__inline static void
pmap_page_protect(struct vm_page *pg, vm_prot_t prot)
{
	if ((prot & VM_PROT_WRITE) == 0) {
		if (prot & (VM_PROT_READ|VM_PROT_EXECUTE)) {
			(void) pmap_clear_attrs(pg, PG_RW);
		} else {
			pmap_page_remove(pg);
		}
	}
}

/*
 * pmap_protect: change the protection of pages in a pmap
 *
 * => this function is a frontend for pmap_remove/pmap_write_protect
 * => we only have to worry about making the page more protected.
 *	unprotecting a page is done on-demand at fault time.
 */

__inline static void
pmap_protect(pmap, sva, eva, prot)
	struct pmap *pmap;
	vaddr_t sva, eva;
	vm_prot_t prot;
{
	if ((prot & VM_PROT_WRITE) == 0) {
		if (prot & (VM_PROT_READ|VM_PROT_EXECUTE)) {
			pmap_write_protect(pmap, sva, eva, prot);
		} else {
			pmap_remove(pmap, sva, eva);
		}
	}
}

/*
 * various address inlines
 *
 *  vtopte: return a pointer to the PTE mapping a VA, works only for
 *  user and PT addresses
 *
 *  kvtopte: return a pointer to the PTE mapping a kernel VA
 */

#include <lib/libkern/libkern.h>

static __inline pt_entry_t *
vtopte(vaddr_t va)
{

	KASSERT(va < (L4_SLOT_KERN * NBPD_L4));

	return (PTE_BASE + pl1_i(va));
}

static __inline pt_entry_t *
kvtopte(vaddr_t va)
{

	KASSERT(va >= (L4_SLOT_KERN * NBPD_L4));

#ifdef LARGEPAGES
	{
		pd_entry_t *pde;

		pde = L2_BASE + pl2_i(va);
		if (*pde & PG_PS)
			return ((pt_entry_t *)pde);
	}
#endif

	return (PTE_BASE + pl1_i(va));
}

#define pmap_pte_set(p, n)		x86_atomic_testset_u64(p, n)
#define pmap_pte_setbits(p, b)		x86_atomic_setbits_u64(p, b)
#define pmap_pte_clearbits(p, b)	x86_atomic_clearbits_u64(p, b)
#define pmap_cpu_has_pg_n()		(1)
#define pmap_cpu_has_invlpg		(1)

paddr_t vtophys __P((vaddr_t));
vaddr_t	pmap_map __P((vaddr_t, paddr_t, paddr_t, vm_prot_t));
void	pmap_cpu_init_early(struct cpu_info *);
void	pmap_cpu_init_late(struct cpu_info *);
void	sse2_zero_page(void *);
void	sse2_copy_page(void *, void *);

#if 0   /* XXXfvdl was USER_LDT, need to check if that can be supported */
void	pmap_ldt_cleanup __P((struct lwp *));
#define	PMAP_FORK
#endif /* USER_LDT */

/*
 * Hooks for the pool allocator.
 */
#define	POOL_VTOPHYS(va)	vtophys((vaddr_t) (va))

/*
 * TLB shootdown mailbox.
 */

struct pmap_mbox {
	volatile void		*mb_pointer;
	volatile uintptr_t	mb_addr1;
	volatile uintptr_t	mb_addr2;
	volatile uintptr_t	mb_head;
	volatile uintptr_t	mb_tail;
	volatile uintptr_t	mb_global;
};

#endif /* _KERNEL && !_LOCORE */
#endif	/* _AMD64_PMAP_H_ */